The Congregational quarterly

Google

This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project

to make the world's books discoverable online.

It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject

to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books

are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that's often difficult to discover.

Marks, notations and other maiginalia present in the original volume will appear in this file - a reminder of this book's long journey from the

publisher to a library and finally to you.

Usage guidelines

Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the
public and we are merely their custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing tliis resource, we liave taken steps to
prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying.
We also ask that you:

+ Make non-commercial use of the files We designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request that you use these files for
personal, non-commercial purposes.

+ Refrain fivm automated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort to Google's system: If you are conducting research on machine
translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a large amount of text is helpful, please contact us. We encourage the
use of public domain materials for these purposes and may be able to help.

+ Maintain attributionTht GoogXt "watermark" you see on each file is essential for in forming people about this project and helping them find
additional materials through Google Book Search. Please do not remove it.

+ Keep it legal Whatever your use, remember that you are responsible for ensuring that what you are doing is legal. Do not assume that just
because we believe a book is in the public domain for users in the United States, that the work is also in the public domain for users in other
countries. Whether a book is still in copyright varies from country to country, and we can't offer guidance on whether any specific use of
any specific book is allowed. Please do not assume that a book's appearance in Google Book Search means it can be used in any manner
anywhere in the world. Copyright infringement liabili^ can be quite severe.

About Google Book Search

Google's mission is to organize the world's information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers
discover the world's books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web

at|http: //books .google .com/I

THE

Congregational Quarterly.

70LUME IVIII.-NEW SERIES, VOL. VIII.

Editor tmd Proprietor:
CHRISTOPHER GUSHING.

Associate Editors:

Rev. henry A. HA2EN. Rev. WILLIAM H. MOORE.

Prof. HIRAM MEAD, d.d. Rev. RAY PALMER, d.d.

Rev. increase N. TARBOX, d. d.

•

.

• : ." ■ • «.• • •. •

■ - « -

-- - - - , ^ *

BOSTON:

AMERICAN CONGREGATIONAL UNION,
30 CONGREGATIONAL HOUSE.

1876.

■ ^ v«^ — « ■ *■

T , . ■«

• - 1

ll.. - •

Alfkkd Mudo« & Son, Printers,
34 School St., Boston.

• •

< •
• * •

« •

•■

• •• •

,• •

• • •

• • • •

• • •

• • • •

• • •

• * •

• • •

• • •

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

FAGS

Anolean Ooogregatioiuil AMoelatlon . 466
AmeilcMi Oongrentlonal Union, M, 866, 479,

624
Annnal StetUtict of tho American Con*

gregAtlonsI MlnlHcn and Chnrehea, 07-414
Baoon,J>aTld . . . 1, 260, 8«7, US

BlOGBAnnOAI. BXBTCHEi:

Baeon, DarM (with portrait), by Rer.
. Leonard Baoon. d. D. . • 1

IT Boeklnpham, WHUam AMkvd (with
portrait), by Rer. Increase K. Tar-

/ DOX, D. D 816

^ Olary, Dexter (with portrait) ,by Pree,
J. Aaron L. Cbapfn, d, d. • . S6T

Y Field, Pindar (with portrait), by Ber.
Ctoorge Hardy • • •

BooesNottcxd:

Acta of the Apoetlea, by Ber. Lyman
Abbott 606

American Cyclopndia, edited by Geo.
Bipley and Cherlea A. Dana 81, 612

Aa to Roger Willlama, by Rev. Henry
M. Dexter, D. d 447

Bamee' Centenary Hiatory ... 464

Being a Chriailan ; what it meane, and
bow to begin, by Rev. Waabiogton
Gladden 446

Centennial Offering, by Heaekiah
Nilea 607

Cbaldean Account of Geneaia, by Geo.
Smith 610

Dawn to Stmriie, by Mra. J. Gregory
Smith 606

Dictionary of American Biography,
by Frandf 8. Drake . . .612

Doctrine of Retribution, by William
Jackson, M. A., P. 8. A. . . . 884

XoiineDt Authors on Effective Rerival
Preaching, compiled by Rev. Walter
P. Doe 886

Familiar Letters of John Adams and
Ilia Wife, by Charlea Franda
Adaroa 843

First Century of the Republic . . 607

First Half Century of Ijartniouth Col.
lege, by Hon. Nathan Oronby . 463

Forty Yeara in the Turkish Empire, or
Ifemoirs of Rev. William Goodell,
D. D., bv Rev. B. D. G. Prime, D. D. 461

Future Punishment, by Prof. Samuel
C. Bsrtlett, D. D 72

German Klemcnt in the War of Inde-
pendence, by George Washington
ureene 84

Gospel and Epistles of John, by Prof.
Honry Cowies 446

Baydn^s Dictionary of Dates, edited
by Benjamin Vinoent . • 612

Hlatorical Scenes fk'om the old Jesuit
lOiaiona, by Dr. William L Kip . 76

rAGX

History of the Jewish Nation, by X. H.

Palmer, M. A 7i

History of the Reformation in Europe,

in the time of Calvin, by Rev. J. EL

Merle d'Aubign4, D. D. . . • 600

Israel Putnam 460

John Todd, the Story of HIa Life,

compiled and edited by Rev. John

B. 1 odd •....• 890
Lectnrea on the Goapela, by Joaeph A.

Seiss, D. D 606

Lertnrea to My Studenta, by Bev. O.

H. Sporgeon . • • . • 78
Life and Lettara of Hugh Miller, by

Peter Bayne 462

Life, Letters, and Journal of George

Ticknor OOf

Life of Israel Putnam, by Bev. In-
crease N. Tarbox . . . • 450
Life of Jesus of Nasereth, by Bev. Jo-
seph P. Thompeon, D. D. . . 880
Ufe of Washlnaton, by Rev. Joaeph

P. Thompson, D. D 81

Mf moir of Kev. Charles E. Finney . 840
Ministry of the Word, by Rev. *WU-

liam M. Taylor, D. d. . . 444

Note- Book of the Bertram Family, by

Mrs. Charles ..... 81
Philosophy of Natural Theology, by

Kev. Wfilism Jackson, m. a., r. b. a. 71
Poetical Works of Hny Palmer . . 76
Rcmlnif>cences of Funs feumter and
Moultrie in 1860— lh61, by Abner
Doubledsy, Brevet-Mi^or General,
U. 8. A. • . . . . • 76
Sacred Bongs for Social Worship . 80
Select Notes on The International Sab-
bath School Lessons, fur 1877, by
Rev. F. N. ft M. A. Peloubet . . 606
Sermons out of Church, by the author

of *Mohn Halifax, Uentleman** . 884
Social Impurity, by Rev. J.J. Fiehariy, 844
Books Received . . 82,346,466,618
Buckingham, William Alfred . . 216
Changes iu Post-OfBce Address of

Ministers . . 8&6, 406,623

Churches and Pastors by States . 9T

Churches Formed . . 02, 352, 462, 621

Clary, Dexter 867

Comparative Statistics, by Rev. O.

Cusbing, D. D 62

Confert'nce at Bonn, by Prof. Egbert

C. Smyth, D.D 27

Congregationalism In Kansas, by Rev.

Richard Cordley, D. D. . . .867
Coiivregationalism, whatlthas accom-

plished durinir the pnst centnrv . 637
Congregation 1 Ministers in the United

SUtes. List of . . . .186

Congregational Ministers who died In

1875, Vital Statistics of . . . 418
Gongreraitonal Missionnri<*8 from the

United Sutea 176

IV

Contents.

COHGSBQ ATIOHAX. KbOROLOGT :

FAGS

K«T. David Bftncroft .... 68

" Davitf Robert Barker ... 438
Mff. Charlotte Amanda (Proaens)

Bickford 439

Mrs. Blvira (Oorbtn) OortlM . 06

*< AmelU HotchklM (Oakes) Day . 827

«« Maria (Tyler) Herrick. . . 66

Dea. Ch*rshom Hyde .... 828

Rer. David Kimball .... 67

Dea. Horaee Linvley .... 448

Mn. Anna(Belden)l£cLean . . 604

Rev. Bdvard Ooddard Miner . . 61

Hon. Orrin Snfe 890

Rev. Tertioi Dunning Sonthvorth . 833

Rev. John WolcoUBUrr ... 601

Rev. 8amnel Oilman Tenuey • • 442

Rev. William Tyler .... 608

Congregational Tbeologieal Semlnarlea

in 1876-1876. by Rev. O. Cashing, d.d. 816
Conviction of Bio, by Rev. Joshua T.

Tneker, d. d 62

Doctrine of Sanotifloatlon at Oberlln, by

Pres. Jamea H. Fairchild» D. D. . .237
Biitor's Table . . . 87,860,460,617

Field, Pindar 493

Giving as an act of Worship, by Henry

8. DeForest 43

Index of Kamea 625

Kansas, Oongregationaliam in . .867
Uotntiates Reported, ILUt of . . 208
Liteimry Review . • 71,884,444,605

PAOB

Meetings of State Assooiationi, in order
ofdate 213

Ministry and Chnrchea of New Hamp-
shire, by Rev. Henry A. Hazen .

Ministiy and Churches of New Hamp-
shire, Suiiploment ....

Nation m1 and State Organizations of the
churches

National Oo-ojMrative Societies

283

692

210
218

Qdahtkrlt Rbcohd :

Churches Formed . . 02, 852, 462, 621

Minister* Deceased • 05, 364, 464, 62i

Ministers Dismissed . 04, 864, 463, 622

Ministers Installed . 03, 853, 463, 621

Ministers Married . 04,354,464,622

Ministers Ordained . 02, 862, 462, 621
Ministers* Wives Daeeaaed, 05, 364, 464, 622

Revivals and tiie Ordinary Working
Condition of the churches, by Rev.
David O.Mears 20

BanctiflcalioD at Oberlin, The doctrine
of 837

Scripture, The Types of . , . 610

Burom tries of Statistics . • . • 178

The 'IVpps of Scripture, by Rev. Addi-
son r. Foaler ...... 510

ViUl Sutistic« of the Congregational
Ministers who died in 1875, by Rev.
Henry A. Hazen 418

What Congregationalism has accom-
plished during the past century, by
Rev. 0. Cashing, D. d. . • . 637

'He

^EW\

fOUHo,

'^•OHX

C2)^^^^ ^^^Xu-ci^rny

r

■ A\i..

'■ . >

\f't

:r.r. • "^15 i - .riv^- "rjli

; 1 fi m:

I . '

• ■ t

* MHM?;.r M S'C

■ »>.

t .

■ ■ 1

• '1 '

1 '.

• .• .

> '"

Congregational (Quarterly.

Whole No. LXIX. JANUARY, 1876. Vol, XVIII, No. i.

DAVID BACON.

In the North Cemetery at Hartford, Conn , a simple head-
stone bears this inscription : —

Co i^e mentors of

Thb Rev. DAVID BACON,

A HUMBLE MISSIONARY OF THE CROSS,

who, having passed through

many scenes of suffering

in his efforts to extend

The Redeemer's Kingdom,

entered into his rest

August 27th, A. D. 181 7,

IN the 46th Year of his Age.

Few and far advanced in life are those who can have any
personal memory of a man who rested from his labors almost
sixty years ago. The name inscribed on that marble is not
found in Sprague's " Annals of the American Pulpit," nor was
it ever the theme of biography in a religious magazine ; yet
in various places, and especially in one town and church of
northern Ohio, a tradition of the name, and of what the man
was who bore it, lives, and is beginning to be invested with
mythical associations. I have hoped that, in my old age, I
might find time to write out my recollections of him, with what

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1876, by Ckristophkr Gushing, in the

Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.

SECOND SERIES. — VOL. VIIL NO. I. I

2 David Bacon. [Jan.

I have learned about him from authentic sources, so that my
children, and theirs after them, may share in the benefit of his
example, as well as in God's answer to his prayers. But my
old age has, thus far, brought me so little leisure that perhaps
that work of filial piety and of paternal forethought would
never have been begun, and certainly nothing of it would have
been given to the public, had not the editor of the Congrega-
tiofial Quarterly invited me to make this beginning.

The records of the First Church in Woodstock, Conn., show,
in the fair handwriting of Abiel Leonard, then pastor of that
church, that on the 9th of August, 1764, "Joseph Bacon of
Stoughton, Mass., and Abigail Holmes, of Woodstock," were
married. Stoughton was originally a part of Dedham ; and
Michael Bacon, of whom Joseph is known to have been a de-
scendant, was among the planters of that town, his name appear-
ing on the records there as early as 1640. By what ordering of
the Divine Providence it was that Joseph Bacon, of Stoughton,
found a wife sixty miles away, at Woodstock, I do not know ;
for, though there had been Bacons in Woodstock ever since
the first settlers came from what was once Roxbury, but is
now Boston Highlands, our Joseph was not of their kindred.
Not to encumber these pages with particulars of family his-
tory, uninteresting to the public and unnecessary to the
completeness of my story, I may say that the earliest years of
Joseph and Abigail's married life were passed in Stoughton or
Dedham ; that their second child, the eldest son, born there,
was named Leonard, in affectionate remembrance of the
Woodstock pastor ; and that after a few years they dwelt for
a while at Woodstock, where their third son (the fifth of their
children) was born in 1771, and was baptized on the 15th of
September by the name of David.

When I was a little child living at home, I heard, of course,
many incidents of my father's early life ; but having neglected
to correct and confirm my imperfect memory of them while
there were survivors to whom I could appeal, I dare not now
attempt to tell the story of how he was brought up, and of
the various influences and experiences under which his char-
acter was formed. His mother died when he had not yet

1876.] David Bacon, 3

completed his eighth year ; but the reverent and most loving
remembrance of her among her children assures me that from
her they inherited much that was better than riches, and that,
though she left them early, her faithful care and love had
wrought effectually for their spiritual welfare. Of her six
children who lived to maturity, every one, I believe, made
profession of a personal faith and hope in Christ ; and of those
whom I knew, others besides the subject of this memoir were
eminently characterized by the old Puritan godliness.

Joseph Bacon, the father of those children, and of other sons
and daughters, the offspring of a later marriage, was of the
same type. He seems to have been ingenious and enter-
prising, but never in any high degree successful. I remember
the story (told by his eldest son) that at one time, when the
War of Independence had made the importation of foreign
goods impracticable, he invented and undertook a method of
printing (in imitation of calico) the home-made linen of which
every farmer's house had its store. His process was like that
by which I have seen paper-hangings printed without
machinery. With his own hands he cut the figures on blocks
of wood, and printed the white linen with such colors as he
could obtain from native dye-stuffs like the yellow blossoms of
the golden-rod. After several emigrations to places in Massa-
chusetts, — Amherst, Sterling, and Holden, — he removed
with all the family save Leonard and David to the northern
part of Vermont, where he died at Cambridge in January,
1803. " Blessed be God," wrote one of his sons to another, on
receiving the intelligence of tKat event, " we have reason to
believe that our dear father has been convoyed by angels from
this vale of tears to the mansions of glory. I join with you in
praying that we may imitate him in his simple and unaffected
piety towards God and in his benevolence to man, by which
he was distinguished from most, if not all, among whom he
lived, and by which he shone as a light in the world."

David Bacon had all his father's mechanical ingenuity and
dexterity. I have no means of knowing how early he left his
home, or from whom he received the instruction which pre-
pared him for teaching a school. His first serious enterprise
for himself seems to have been a short-lived partnership with

4 David Bacon, [J^in.

his stepmother's son by her former husband, in the manu-
facture and sale of spinning-wheels at Troy, N. Y., when
Troy had ' just begun to be. I remember having heard him
speak of being under the ministry of Dr. Jonas Coe, the first
pastor of the Presbyterian Church in that place. About that
time (probably after the failure of his business enterprise) he
found employment for a season as a teacher somewhere in
Washington County, N. Y. For all that portion of his
life there is no sort of record, therefore I cannot tell when
or where it was that he began to be conscious of peace with
God through Jesus Christ ; but well do I remember that, in
one of his long and earnest talks with me about my own salva-
tion, while I was a boy of less than thirteen years, he told me
something of his early religious experience, — how sweetly,
after long anxiety and fear, the sense of God's love came to
him with the submission ot himself to God's will, and how, in
the silence and solitude of night, he could not refrain from
repeating the psalm, —

" Sweet is the work, my God, my King,"

singing it in a murmur (though he was never musical) to the

old tune of Bridgewater. Mere poetry had for him, I think,

no great fascination ; but devotional poetry, that of our best

psalms and hymns, was often an inspiration to him. The

psalm,

** Early, my God, without delay,"

sung in public worship, would sometimes fill his eyes with
tears. That grand lyric,

" Father, how wide thy glories shine,"

was a delight to him. Nor can I ever read

" The deluge, at the Almighty's call,"

without seeming to catch an echo of his voice reading it in the
family, full two thirds of a century ago.

In my childhood I received from him an impression con-
cerning the " Life of David Brainerd," as if it were not very far
below the level of the canonical Scriptures. His reading of
that book must have been connected in some way with his
own experience of conversion. Probably its influence on his

1876.] David Bacon. 5

theory of Christian experience was not, in every respect, the
best that could be ; but from the beginning of his own new
life his soul was fired by the example of Brainerd's self-conse-
cration and self-sacrifice. He felt that to labor, like Brainerd,
in the service of the gospel among the most benighted of his
fellow-men, was the highest vocation to which he could aspire.
He determined that, if it were possible, he would be a mis-
sionary to the Indians. But how could he realize such an
aspiration ? He was already too old to think of college and of
entering the ministry through that gate ; nor was there, as
yet, any missionary institution to send him forth into the
wilderness.

From his sojourn in the State of New York he returned to
Connecticut, and in 1799, perhaps earlier, he was at Mansfield,
where his eldest brother had established himself as a physician.
He taught a school, I believe, and was at the same time learn-
ing, under the instruction of Rev. John Sherman, who was
then the young and zealous pastor there, and under whose
ministry (though he afterwards lapsed from the communion of
the Connecticut churches) that parish, so long taught and
guarded by Dr. Richard Salter, had its share in the religious
awakening which marks the transition from the eighteenth
century to the nineteenth. The records of the Mansfield
church show that David Bacon was one of its members, and
that he was received by dismission from some other church not
named.

At that time the " Associated Pastors " of Connecticut were
just completing their organization as a missionary society.
Their earliest efforts for evangelization beyond the limits of
the State were made in some of the local or district " associ-
ations," one of the pastors going on horseback with his saddle-
bags to perform a few weeks of itinerant labor in " the new
settlements " of Vermont, his pulpit, meanwhile, being supplied
by his associated brethren. After two or three years of such
effort, the work was undertaken on a somewhat larger scale
by the " General Association," representing all the " Associ-
ated Pastors " in the State. Emigration from Connecticut was
beginning to spread over the great West, which is now known
as Central and Northern New York, and each " new settle-

6 David Bacon. [Jan.

ment" in the wilderness needed for a while, till it should have
its own church and pastor, the frequent visits of a missionary.
The desultory labors of such pastors as could be spared, each
for a brief " mission," were inadequate to a work which was
becoming so wide and so distant. Competent ministers, with
no pastoral charge at home, must be sent forth to itinerate in
the new settlements, and must be sustained by the liberality
of good people in old Connecticut. In 1798 the General Asso-
ciation constituted itself " The Missionary Society of Connec-
ticut," and in that character was incorporated by the legislature
four years later. The old relations between the churches and
the State had not been entirely dissolved, and therefore, to
provide a revenue for the Missionary Society, the governor
was authorized to issue a " brief," year by year, calling for a
contribution on the first Sabbath in May from each Congrega-
tional parish in the State.^

It would have been strange if the Associated Pastors of
Connecticut, when they constituted their Missionary Society,
had made no reference to the Indians. The work begun in
the seventeenth century by Eliot, Pierson, and the Mayhews
had been continued by the Brainerds (David and John), by Jon-
athan Edwards for a time, and by John Sergeant and others ;
but from the beginning it had been sustained largely by con-
tributions from England and Scotland. One consequence of
the Revolution by which these English colonies had become an
independent nation was that the Indian tribes, within the limits
conceded to the United States, being no longer related in any
way to the British Empire, the work of spreading the gospel
among them was not only to be performed as before by Amer-
ican missionaries, but was also to be sustained thenceforth by
American contributions. The Missionary Society of Connec-
ticut, therefore, ^proposed to care for the heathen tribes of the
wilderness as well as for those adventurers into the wilder-

1 The " brief " or proclamation from the governor enabled the minister to call
for a contribution without asking leave from the church or the society. It car-
ried no coercion with it Where the minister had no sympathy with the cause or
was afraid of possible opposition among his people, the brief would pass without
notice. As the usage is now not only obsolete but almost forgotten, the writer
may add that it did not cease till after the commencement of his pastorate. The
last proclamation of that sort was issued by Gov. Wolcott in 1826.

1876.] David Bacon. 7

ness who were in danger of becoming heathen. It was in
June, 1798, that the Constitution of the Society was adopted at
Hebron, with the express announcement, " The object of the
Society is to christianize the heathen in North America, and
to support and promote Christian knowledge in the new set-
tlements within the United States." Whether, at that time,
the subject of this memoir had already been in communication
with any of the pastors who formed the Society and defined
its object, I do not know ; but I find him very soon afterward
preparing himself for a mission to the Indians.

As the founding of the Missionary Society at London, in
1793, had been followed by the establishment of an " Evangel-
ical Magazine," which, being conducted in the interest of
evangelical Calvinism, became a medium of communication
between the Missionary Society and its supporters, so the
" Connecticut Evangelical Magazine " came into being, not as
an official organ, but rather as an auxiliary institution, co-oper-
ating with the Missionary Society of Connecticut, though not
in any way controlled by it. ^ Its first issue, bearing date
July, 1800, contained an official announcement from the
Trustees of the Missionary Society of Connecticut " relative
to a mission among the Indians." They had determined at a
late meeting " that a discreet man, animated by the love of
God and souls, of a good common education, who can be
obtained for a moderate compensation, be sought for to travel
among the Indian tribes south and west of Lake Erie, to
explore their situation, and learn their feelings with respect to
Christianity, and, so far as he has opportunity, to teach them
its doctrines and duties." They had also determined " that
said missionary, with the advice of the Rev. Mr. Sergeant of
New Stockbridge, obtain from among his Indians a pious
guide and interpreter to accompany him in his travels " So
far had the plan been matured that " a system of instructions "

1 The Trustees of the Missionary Society were *' six civilians and six clergy-
men.*' Five of the six clergymen were also among the fifteen editors of the
Magazine. The word "civilian," I think, was not used as exactly synonymous
with " layman," but rather as implying civil office, or some eminence in civil as
distinguished from ecclesiastical affairs. Through a long series of years, the six
civilians in the Board of Trustees were always designated as ** Honorable," being
members of the Council or ** Upper House."

-y

8 David Bacon. [Jan.

for the missionary, and a " message " or " talk** five columns
in length, introducing the missionary " to the Indian tribes
bordering on Lake Erie," and explaining the views and hopes
of the good people who were sending him on so benevolent
an errand, were published in connection with the official
announcement. The name of the "discreet man, animated by
the love of God and souls, and of a good common education,"
who would require only " a moderate compensation," was not
given at that time to the public ; but evidently the Trustees
were already in communication with him.

While these good men, the Trustees and others, had been
deliberating about an Indian Mission, and contriving to make
it inexpensive to the contributors, the future missionary had
been preparing himself for the work. Probably his study of
theology was not very extensive, but it was according to the
fashion of those times when there were no theological semi-
naries. His principal teacher was the Rev. Levi Hart, of
Preston ; but he seems to have studied also with Rev. Samuel
Nott, of Franklin, and with Rev. Zebulon Ely, of Lebanon.^
The late Dr. Ezra Stiles Ely, of Philadelphia, writing to me in
1849, said incidentally, " I have a fresh remembrance of your
father, in his black deer-skin breeches, when he studied theol-
ogy with my father in my chamber."
:•; *• Lebanon had a special attraction for the missionary student

of theology. The first number of the " Evangelical Magazine,"
which has been mentioned as announcing the plan of a mis-
sion to the Indians, contained also " A Letter from a Young
Woman to her Pastor, giving some Account of the Exercises of
her Mind," and subscribed, " Your inexperienced Eliza." A
manuscript copy of that letter, worn and yellow, in I know not
whose handwriting, is in my possession. It is identical with
the printed copy, save in the name subscribed, which is " Your
inexperienced Alice." The " pastor " was pastor of the

^ Dr. Harfs study, like that of Dr. Backus in Somers, was one of the Divinity
Schools which Connecticut had in those days. Dr. Nott's son, Samuel Nott, Jr.,
was one of the first company of missionaries sent to India some twelve years later
by the American Hoard of Commissioners. Mr. Ely was pastor in Lebanon from
the time when the humble edifice which, when Jonathan Trumbull was a mer-
chant, had been his place of business, was the " war office '' for Connecticut
Messrs. Hart and Ely were among the editors of the " Evangelical Magazine."

1876.] David Bacon. 9

church in Lebanon, and the letter, dated March i, 1800, was
written by Alice Parks, a young parishioner of his, who, on the
twenty-seventh of the following month, was received, with
others, to the communion of that church. "Alice," as I heard
Mr. Ely call her twenty years afterward, was a favorite with
him ; and so long as she lived, she retained among the treas-
ured relics of her girlhood some of her pastor's letters to her
written about that time, and now valued by her children's chil-
dren not only as testimonies of his esteem for her, but also as
evidence that the diligent pastor was availing himself of her
religious influence among her youthful friends. To him, the
letter, written at his request to describe the mental conflicts
through which she had passed, and which had ended in a con-
sciousness of peace .with God through Christ, seemed an
exceptionally valuable record of Christian experience. Copies
of it appear to have been made for some of his friends ; and
either the original or the copy now in my possession came into
the hands of Mr. Bacon. He had never seen the writer, but he
could say to her, " I have in some measure become acquainted
with you by means of our worthy and honored friend, the Rev.
Mr. Ely," and with that reference he introduced himself to her
in a simply fraternal letter of counsel to a beginner in the
Christian life. The correspondence led to personal acquaint-
ance, and the acquaintance had become mutual affection and
engagement before that " Letter from a Young Woman to her
Pastor " had been sent to the printer by some officious friend.^

1 Alice Parks, who became the wife of the Rev. David Bacon, was a daughter of
Elijah Parks and his wife, Anna Beaumont She was born at Bethlehem, Conn ,
February, 1783. At the death of her father, when she was only seven years of
age, she was taken by her grandfather, William Beaumont, to his home in
Lebanon, and by him and his wife, Sarah Everett, she was brought up as their
child. The little girl became the darling of the aged pair, whose own children
(of whom four sons were soldiers of the Revolution) had gone forth from
beneath their roof, one son only remaining in Lebanon, and building his house
near theirs, that he might help them in their declining years. ** Alice " seems to
have been a favorite, not only with the good pastor, but with all who knew her.
Dr. Ezra Stiles Ely, in the letter above quoted, records his "lively recollection"
(forty-nine years later) of the day when, as he said, " Your mother, Alice, stood
beside me, and we together professed faith in Christ, in the old, large frame
meeting-house in Lebanon." The Beaumont farm was three miles distant from
the meeting-house ; but every Sabbath morning the old couple mounted their
horses and rode to church, the granddaughter riding on a pillion behind the
grandfather.

%-

lo David Bacon. [Jan.

The second issue of the Magazine, only two or three weeks
after the first,^ gave no additional information about the
Indian Mission. The third number, issued on the first Mon-
day in September, made another announcement: —

" On Friday, the 8th of Au^st, Mr. David Bacon left Hartford with a
view of visiting the Indian tribes bordering on Lake Erie, according to a
resolve of the Trustees of the Missionary Society of Connecticut, noticed
in our magazine for July. Previous to his departure he was examined by
the Committee of Missions, who, highly approving of him as qualified for
such a mission, unanimously appointed him to that service, and by
prayer commended him to the Divine blessing. It is expected that he
will obtain a guide and interpreter at New Stockbridge, or somewhere in
that neighborhood, and then proceed on to the southwest part of Lake
Erie, and visit the Indian tribes in that quarter. It is presumed he will
have the prayers of all good people for a blessing on his labors."

A letter dated Aug. 7, from the missionary to his brother
at Mansfield, gives some additional details : —

" I fell in company with two gentlemen, who brought me comfortably to
Hartford by about five o'clock, free from expenses. I travelled but about
two miles afoot.

• I passed my examination yesterday.* The result of the Committee, in
their own words, was as follows : * The Committee, having examined
him with respect to his knowledge of the doctrines of Christianity and
his experimental acquaintance with the truth, were fully, satisfied with his

1 " The present number was delayed to give opportunity for the return of sub-
scription bills, but in future a fresh number will be ready for delivery the first
Monday in every month." — Connecticut Evangelical Magazine, i, 40.

* That was a second examination. From the records of the Committee it ap-
pears that Mr. Bacon's formal introduction to them was on the 27th of June, at
which time they "examined him as to his doctrinal and experimental acquaintance
with the truth, and were fully satisfied with his answers." Learning that he was
embarrassed in his worldly circumstances, they kindly undertook to mediate be-
tween him and his creditors, but assumed no responsibility for his debts. Those
debts could not have been very large, as it was evidently expected that he would
be able to pay them out of the salary of " one hundred and ten cents a day." In
explanation of the letter above, I copy the following from a rough draught pre-
served in the archives of the Society : —

•• Hartford, July 23 1 «8oo.

" 5Vr, — There was yesterday a meeting of the Trustees of the Missionary Society
of Connecticut ; at which meeting much was said res|>ecting the proposed mission
to the Indians ; in consequence of which the Committee of Missions are to meet
on the 6th of August at 10 o*clock, at Mr. Strong's ; at which time and place the
Committee earnestly wish you to attend. Tho* you arc not absolutely appointed
by the Board to go as a missionary, yet if without inconvenience to yourself you
can come prepared to go immediately on to the westward, you are advised to do it.

** Yours with esteem, A. Funt, Secretary,
"Mr. David Bacon."

1876.] David Bacon, 11

answers, and highly approved of him as qualified for a missionary to the
Indians. Whereupon, Voted that the said, &(. ' be appointed a missionary
to the Indians in the vicinity of Sandusky Bay, or to some of the tribes
south and west of Lake Erie, for a term not exceeding six months, to be
computed from the time of his leaving Hartford.^ My wages are one
hundred and ten cents per day. They have left it to my discretion to
choose and agree with an interpreter, only I must not overgo a certain
sum, which is nearly double what I expect to give. They have paid me
one hundred dollars in money, and one hundred in negotiable orders on
the Secretary. ... The writings are all completed, and I expect to
set out to-morrow. I have received a small Bible, which cost ii.\ 9//.
[$2.12^], with some other small articles, as a present from the Society.
Mr. Flint is very kind, and Mr. Strong and his family are all attention, to
try to find out and help me to everything that I shall be likely to want.

" By the desire of Dr. Trumbull and Mr. Strong, a few Christian
friends met here and spent the last evening in fervent prayer for my pres-
ervation and success. A few hymns were sung, which were adapted to
the occasion. As soon as the friends were collected, Mr. Strong under-
took to represent to theip the importance of the work I had undertaken,
and the trials and dangers to which I should be exposed ; but before he
got through his voice faltered, and then in broken accents he requested
that they might all heartily join in commending their dear brother to the
blessing and protection of Almighty God. Dr. Trumbull made the first
prayer. . . . They were all in tears, and expressed the tenderest affec-
tion and concern for me, and the most ardent desires for the salvation of
the heathen. But I was as insensible as steel, — could neither feel for
myself nor for others, . . . but hope I shall erelong reap the happy fruits
of their prayers, and praise God for the health of his countenance."

A postscript, written the next morning, says : —

" Mr. Strong had determined to send his son with the carriage to help
me on seven miles, but just as I got this letter sealed he came running up-
stairs and told me that Providence had sent Mr. Morgan with an empty
carriage to take me on to Canaan, forty miles on my road. He is the
minister of that place. I expect to set out with him in a few minutes."

It will be observed that the outfit of the missionary for this
expedition was of the simplest kind. Afoot and alone he was
to make his way towards the wilderness, with no luggage more
than he could carry on his person, thankfully accepting any
offer of a seat for a few miles in some passing vehicle. Such
was the equipment with which the good people of Connecti-
cut, seventy-five years ago, sent forth their first missionary to
the heathen.

The earliest intelligence from him was published in the

12 David Bacon. [Jan.

Magazine for November. It was a letter dated " Buffalo
Creek, Sept. 4, 1800." What was then known only as Buffalo
Creek is now the site of the great city of Buffalo. A letter
written from that point at that date is in some respects more
interesting to us at this day than it could be then to the read-
ers of the •* Evangelical Magazine." The missionary says : —

" I have not been unwell since I left Hartford but two or three days,
and even then I was able to walk several miles in a day. I was much
fatigued at first, but can now travel twenty-five miles in a day with ease.
I found opportunities to ride, in the whole about one hundred and fifty
miles. Both the friends and enemies of religion have conducted towards
me as though they were commissioned to help me.

"When I arrived at Canandarqua [Canandaigua] I visited Capt.
Chapin, Superintendent of Indian Affairs, and requested of him a speech
of introduction to the Seneca chiefs at Buffalo Creek, in order that I
might get a speech from them to the Western tribes. He treated me in a
very friendly manner, approved of the proposal, furnished me with a string
of wampum, a lengthy and suitable letter to the chiefs, and another to his
brother, a worthy merchant in this place. I arrived here last Monday
[Sept. \\ found Capt. Chapin's brother, the principal sachem, and
Cipt. Johnson, the interpreter. The business was soon introduced. The
old sachem approved the proposal, appeared very friendly, and said that
he would notify the chiefs to meet me the next day at ten o'clock. Six of
them met at the time appointed, and Capt. Johnson with them. The
business was soon explained to them. They heard with attention, made a
few pertinent observations, and told me they expected to grant my
request, but that it was customary with them to defer the matter until the
second day, that they might have an opportunity to consult among them-
selves. They then shook hands with me, very affectionately wished me
the blessing of the Great Spirit, and retired to their council-house. The
next day, when they met as they had proposed, their great orator, in the
midst of a large concourse of Indians, delivered a speech to me, and
another for me to write down to their Western brethren. They also gave
me a very curious string of wampum to go with their speech.^

1 If I may confide in my recollection of a stage-coach conversation, many years
ago, with a stranger (the Rev. J. N, Granger, I believe, afterwards pastor of the
First Church in Providence), that ** great orator *' was Red-Jacket, celebrated in
Halleck's poem : —

'* Thon wert monarch bom ; tradition's pag^t
Tell not the planting of thy parent tree."

One point in the speech was to the effect that the Senecas would gladly
receive a missionary if they should discover that their white neighbors were made
better by his preaching.

My informant told me that among papers left by his father, who had held some
official relation to those Indians, he had found an account of the interview
between them and my father.

1876.] David Bacon. 13

** I am now four hundred miles from Hartford, in sight of Lake Erie,
just at the outlet, and within twenty-four miles of the Falls of Niagara.
Capt. Johnson, who is well acquainted with the Indians, says there is no
probability of my finding an interpreter until I get to Detroit, if I should
^o all the way round by land. I am now waiting for a passage to Detroit.
They tell me that the nearest way that I can go by land is not short of four
hundred miles, and by water it is but two hundred and fifty. There arc
several sail of vessels in this harbor, on board of one of which I am
expecting to embark as soon as the wind is favorable.

*' I have had nothing to trouble me since I left home but a hard and
ungrateful heart. ... I do not recollect that I have had the least
desire to turn back, but have felt as though I was going home.'^

The next communication from the missionary to his employ-
ers was written from " Harson's Island in the River St. Clair,
Sept. 29, 1800." He had sailed from " Buffalo Creek " on the
fourth day after the date of the preceding letter, and by a
speedy voyage had arrived at Detroit on the nth of Septem-
ber, thirty-four days after leaving Hartford. He had been
hospitably welcomed to the house of Major Hunt, commanding
officer at the fort at Detroit ; and Gen. Uriah Tracy, of Litch-
field, who was there as Indian Commissioner for the United
States, had been equally kind to him. From Mr. Schieffelin,
an Indian agent, from Judge Askin, who had been formerly a
trader at Michilimakinac (now known as Mackinaw), and from
"Mr. Benjamin Huntington, a merchant who was formerly
from Norwich," he had received information and advice, with
some encouraging offers of aid, which had convinced him that
it was " expedient to relinquish the idea of going to the south
of Detroit, as was expected, and to sail to the river St. Clair, if
not to Mackinac." But if he was to be governed by the letter
of his commission, he must go "to the south and west of Lake
Erie, and had no liberty to go to the north." What ought he
to do } The letter proceeds : —

** I applied to Gen. Tracy for advice. He honored my judgment with
respect to the business, and said that he thought it was a pity that there
had not been added another clause to my directions, which would have left
the matter a little more to my discretion ; but said, as circumstances were,
he knew not what advice to give. However, being confident that the
spread of the gospel was the great object which the Trustees had in view,
I was sure that it could not be their intention to prohibit my going to the
place which the providence of God should so clearly point out. I there-

14 David Bacon, [J^tn.

fore concluded that the only way to deserve or secure their approbation
was to act discretionary till I received further orders. ^ And the General
told me that if I wished to visit Mackinac, I should be welcome to a pas-
sage with him, going and coming. I accordingly went on board with him
Saturday the 13th. ... I had not yet determined how far to go. I felt
unwilling to stop here on the river St Clair, on account of the Indians
being so much scattered, and I doubted the propriety of venturing so far
as Mackinac, without orders from the committee. But as I could not hear
from them, I had no way to do but to commit my ways to the Lord, and to
rely on his promise for direction. But on the third day after we sailed, as
we lay wind-bound in Lake St. Clair, and at a time when I was pleading
with God in secret to resolve my doubts and to send me where infinite
wisdom saw best, the young man who had been recommended to me for
an interpreter came on board, and soon convinced me that it was my duty
to stop here."

That young man, named Bernardiis Harson, was the son of
a worthy Dutchman, who, before the Revolutionary War, had
removed with his family from Albany to Niagara, where, at
the beginning of the war, the British, instead of permitting
him to return as he desired, stripped him of his property and
then sent him far westward to what still bears the name of
Harson's Island. The old man's trade as a gunsmith introduced
him to much intercourse with Indians, and their language
became almost as familiar to his children as his own vernacular,
the Dutch. His house was evidently a good place for learning
the Chippeway (or, as we now call it, the Ojibway) language ;
and with the young man Bernardus Harson for interpreter, it
was likely to be a good place for intercourse with the neigh-
boring Indians. Detained by adverse winds, the vessel did not
arrive at Harson's Island (only forty miles from Detroit) till
the fourth day of her voyage. Mr. Bacon, at the date of the
letter, had been twelve days in the Harson family, having con-
tracted to pay two dpjlars weekly for his board and lodging,
and ten dollars monthly to the interpreter and teacher, who
was to be half the time at his service. He was full of thank-
fulness and hope. After the foregoing details, he said : —

" When I left home, like Abraham, I knew not whither I went ; but I
expected I should have to lie upon the ground in the open air for several

1 A note appended by the trustee who received the letter says, " Mr. Bacon^s
good judgment directed him right He found in the place of which he speaks
the Indians for whom he was designed."

iSTti] Damd Bacon. 1 5

nigfats whQe on my joarney, and then to take up my abode in a dreary
wilderness, at a great distance from civilized people, with nothing better
than an Indian hut for a house and a blanket for a bed« and where I
should suffer for food that ¥ras comfortable, and have no one that I could
conTerse with but an Indian interpreter. But instead of this, the Lord
has richly provided for me on the way, has not suffered me to He out one
n^t, and has brought me into a pleasant place, among civilized people,
and where I ha\*e a prospect of success, and has provided me a comforta-
ble house, a convenient study, and as good a bed and as good board as I
should have had if I had remained in Connecticut. But I am still
ungrateful. I know of no place in the State of New York so healthy as
this. I believe the water and the air are as pure here as in any part of
New England. And I have never been before where venison and wild
geese and ducks were so plenty, or where there was such a rich variety of
fresh-water fish."

Nanga, the principal chief among the few Chippeways scat-
tered along the river St. Clair, had his quarters at the same
house, but was then absent. He was well reported of by
young Harson, and by others, as " one of the worthiest and
most influential characters in the nation." After a visit the
year before (1799) to Congress at Philadelphia, he had ex-
pressed a desire to have a minister and schoolmaster come
among his people. He had talked of applying to Congress for
aid, and was proposing to gather his tribe into a village, that
they might be more accessible to preacher and teacher. It
was represented that his mind had been turned in this direc-
tion by conversation with benevolent persons whom he had
met in his tour to Philadelphia ; and that a book which had
been put into his hands by a minister in New York, and
which gave an account of " the Northern Missionary Society,"^
had confirmed him in his views and hopes. That book, it was
said, had been carefully preser\'ed by him, and several times
he had heard it interpreted and explained by Harson, though
not without expressing his apprehension " that some of the
Indians were so stupid that it would be impossible to beat
religion into them."

Letters from Michigan in those days were under a necessity
of waiting for some opportunity of conveyance. The letter
dated at Harson's Island, Sept. 29, was kept open till Oct. 8,
and was then completed at Detroit. Gen. Tracy had returned

^ See Gillett's History of the Presbyterian Church, i, 397, 436.

•

1 6 David Bacon, [Jan.

from Mackinaw, and on his arrival at Harson's Island Mr.
Bacon had re-embarked with him for Detroit, in order to
attend a grand council of Indians who were to meet him at
that place. In his official character Gen. Tracy had held a
talk with a meeting of chiefs at Mackinaw, and he had taken the
opportunity to confer with the chiefs of an Ottawa village at
Arbre-Croche^ about a mission to their people. They appeared
to be well pleased with the proposal, " and they observed that
they had great need of ministers to restrain their young men
and make them like the young men who " wear hats!* But,
after the manner of the Indians, " they must defer the decision
of the business until they could call a council," and then they
would send their answer.

At Detroit, Mr. Bacon had a brief interview with two Pres-
byterian ministers from Pennsylvania, members of the Ohio
Presbytery,^ who had been sent to "obtain information
respecting the Indians with a view of sending missionaries."
Their inquiries had not been very successful, the Indian "agent
who could have given them information being absent with
Gen. Tracy. But the Connecticut missionary communicated
as much pf what he had learned as could be imparted in so
brief an interview, and they departed, depending on him for
additional information, " as there would be frequent opportu-
nities to write." They were expecting that their presbytery
would be able erelong to institute an effective mission, though
their funds were as yet too small for any considerable under-
taking. As a beginning of the work they took with them a
young Shawnee, for the purpose of giving him an education.
Mr. Bacon's view was that it would be wiser to begin with
some nation more numerous than the Shawnees. He wrote,
for the information of his employers, —

" The Chippeways are supposed to have twenty thousand fighting men,
and there are seven other nations, beside the Ottawas, that understand

1 Arbre-Croche was represented to Mr. Bacon as twenty-five miles distant from
Mackinaw, but the map shows that the distance is not less than forty miles.
Writing the name as he heard it, without knowing its orthography or its origin,
he wrote ** Arber-Croash," which by a mistake of the compositor was printed
" Arber-Croask." — Connecticut Evangelical Magazine^ i, 234, 236.

* See Gillett, i, 324, 471 ; also, for a notice of a later visit of the same sort, at
the appointment of the same zealous and enterprising presbytery, ii, 134.

1876.] David Bacon. 17

their luigaage. There are above x thousand Chippeways near Sagaiut
[now S;^naw], on the south of Lake Huron, but they are not in a
compact village. While I was at Mr. Harson's a large company of them
called to see me. They appeared to be very dirty, but were exceeding
friendly. I am inJbnned that the Moravians have been very successful
among the Delawares, on the river Detrench [in Canada, the river now
known as the Thames], fony miles east of where I have been living. The
Indians at Harson's Island appeared very friendly, and very desirous to
have me continue with them ; but they told me that Nanga was absent,
and that they could give me no decisive answer till he returned. I did not
see Naoga till I came back to this place. He tells me that he is very
glad that I have come among them. He says that the Moravians have
been the means of making the Delawares sober, industrious, and happy,
like the white people, and that he hopes that my endeavors will have the
same effect on his Indians."

At the great council of Indians, Oct. 7, Gen. Tracy, after
his political conference with the chiefs, introduced the mission-
ary to them as the representative and agent of a Society that
desired to do good. He told them that good would come
from their having such men to instruct them and their chil-
dren ; he requested them to treat the missionary hospitably
and kindly, and told them that if that first teacher should find
a favorable reception, they might expect others to be sent on
the same benevolent errand. " He hoped they would not be
so unwise as to defeat the good intentions of their white
brothers, which respected their own happiness ; and the whole
council gave their hearty approbation to all that he said."
The Indian agent, Mr. Schieffeiin, testified that the General
had given great satisfaction to the assembled chiefs.

Such a letter, printed in the Magazine for December, could
not but be read with deep interest in the study of many a
pastor, and by the winter fireside of many a Christian home in
Connecticut In its closing sentences there was a tone of
exultation : —

" I have everything to support and animate me. I think the
guine have never dreamed of such an encouraging prospect. Surd
fields are white already to harvest ! May the Lord of the harvest 1
forth his laborers. If 1 am prospered, 1 expect to return home some l]
Id the month of March. I hope that I shall be appointed again, and H
the Directors will send back two or ihcee with me. There a
of sober, likely young Indians, who wish me to take them under my a
and give them a good English education ; and I have given t

SECOND SKKIU.— VOU VIII. HO. I. 2

1 8 David Bacon. (Jan.

ajrement of keeping a school one half of the time through the winter. I
expect that a good schoolmaster would have constant employ, and be very
useful."

It soon turned out that the young Indians who desired " Zf
good English education" were not so ready to begin as the mis-
sionary had hoped they would be. The letter just described
had not gone far towards its destination when the wild men
determined to spend the winter months in hunting ; and the
proposed school must needs be preceded by a long vacation.
Nothing could be done towards teaching them till spring.
The Magazine for January announced that Mr. Bacon had
returned, arriving at Hartford about the middle of December.
Although his return at that time (after four instead of six
months' absence) was unexpected, it was by no means disap-
proved. It had " not arisen from any circumstance unfavora-
ble to the great object of his mission, but quite the reverse."
The information which he had acquired — his commission
being " to go among the Indian tribes with a view of exploring
their situation, and the propriety of sending the gospel among
them " — would " greatly aid the Trustees in systematizing the
future plan of proceeding " ; and it was " a kind of information
which could not be obtained in any other way." The Trustees
had been called to meet on the 30th of December, and it was
expected that then Mr. Bacon would " be directed to return
with enlarged powers of acting."

From the records it appears that the Committee of Missions
met Dec. 1 5 ; that " Mr. David Bacon, missionary to the In-
dians, appeared before the committee, and gave an account
of his proceedings on the business of his mission to the pres-
ent time " ; and that thereupon it was voted, " That the chair-
man of the Board of Trustees be requested to call a meeting
of the Board, in this city, on the thirtieth day of instant De-
cember, at 2 o'clock, p. M."

That conference with the committee was sufficient to assure
the missionary that he would be empowered by the Trustees,
at their expected meeting, to pursue the work for which he had
been making the preliminary exploration. On the 24th of
December he was married at Lebanon to Alice Parks, then
not quite eighteen years of age. On Tuesday, the 30th, he

1876.] David Bacon. 19

received his new and enlarged appointment from the Board of
Trustees at Hartford, and on the next day (the last day of the
eighteenth century) he was ordained in the same city to the
work of an evangelist.

In those days " the Trustees of the Missionary Society of
Connecticut" considered themselves competent to ordain their
own missionaries without consulting any church or calling any
council. The record of that meeting (Dec. 30, 1800) shows
Ihat "the question concerning the expediency of ordaining
Mr. Bacon to the work of the gospel ministry, previous to his
going out again as a missionary, was taken up and largely dis-
cussed"; that thereupon it was "voted to proceed to the
examination of Mr. Bacon, with a view to his ordination " ;
that "the Board then proceeded to examine him," and "gain-
ing full satisfaction " on all the points on which an ordaining
council examines a candidate, "voted unanimously to ordain
him accordingly, and that the solemnity of his ordination be
attended at the North Presbyterian Meeting-house in this city,
to-morrow, at eleven o'clock, a. m." On the next day's record
it was entered that " the ordination of Mr. Bacon was per-
formed according to the votes of yesterday."^

Leonard Bacon.

Ntw Haven^ Conn.

[To b« continued.]

1 {From the American Mercury^

** Hartfordi Thuredayi Jan. x, x8oi.

" Yesterday the Rev. David Bacon was ordained in this city to the work of
the gospel ministry, with a particular reference to his laboring as an Evangelist
among the Indian tribes of North America. The Rev. Abel Flint made the
introductory prayer ; the Rev. Benjamin Trumbull^ D. D., preached the sermon
from Mark xvi, 15 ; the Rev. Levi Harty D. D., made the consecrating prayer ; the
Rev. Nathan Williams^ D. D., gave the charge ; the Rev. Cyprian Strong gave the
right hand of fellowship ; and the Rev. Nathan Strong made the concluding
prayer."

This, I believe, was the first instance in Connecticut of an ordination to the
specific work of a missionary to the heathen. David Brainerd was ordained at
Newark, New Jersey, by a Presbytery in 1744- John Sergeant, the elder, was
ordained by Congregational ministers, at Decrfield, Mass., in 1735. The younger
John Sergeant was ordained to the same work in 1788, — in Massachusetts, as I
soppose.

20 Revivals, and Working Condition of the Churches. [Jan.

REVIVALS, AND THE ORDINARY WORKING CONDI-
TION OF THE CHURCHES.

Our theme is purposely limited in its range. It does not
attempt to prove the necessity of revivals in churches which
simply have "a name to live"; it is concerned with living
churches.

The question to be discussed may be resolved into this shape,
Does a church, ordinarily active in its meetings for prayer and
worship, interested in all the benevolent operations of the day,
influential because of its social position, — does such a church
need what is termed a revival, a special work ? In answer-
ing this question we must apprehend the meaning of the term
" revival," its nature, and its place in the economy of grace.

The term " revival " is scriptural, based on such passages
as the prayer of the prophet Habakkuk, " O Lord, revive thy
work!" This sentiment evidently covers the term. We
therefore ask concerning the work of the church, in feet, of
every church.

This work is manifestly threefold in its expression : it
denotes a reclaiming of backsliders, a building-up of the mem-
bers of the church in the most holy faith, and the converting of
sinners. Or, to simplify the statement yet further, the work of
the Christian church consists in building up its members in
purity of faith and of conduct, and in winning souls to Christ.

Let it be recalled that to the church alone have been com-
mitted the oracles of God : therefore, if men are to be built up,
the church is to be a great agency ; and if the world is to be
saved, this agency is to declare the glad tidings.

The divine work is thus generally stated, — the act of
redeeming the lost, and the act of building up those who have
be^n redeemed. Drawing a comparison between nature and
grace, we behold the two principles underlying both ; in the
case of nature, creation, and what is termed providefice, and in
that of grace, redemption and edification. It is just as truly a
divine act to keep the world when created as it was to create
it ; so likewise it is as truly a divine act to build up a disciple
as it is to call a disciple. These two great principles — creation,

1876.] Revivals f and Working Condition of the Churches. 21

and the preservation of that which is created — underlie the
divine work recognized in nature and in grace.

This truism will be accepted : the work of the church is the
Lord's work, especially as seen in the salvation of men ; there-
fore the Lord's work in the church means, firstly, the salvation
of men from sin, and a consequent increase in the numbers of
the church ; and secondly, growth in grace of those who are
called by the name of Christ. We have no reason to suppose
that the Master absolves any church from either branch of this
work. Ordinary church work embraces both ; and there has
never been, so far as we are aware, a genuine revival save as
this twofold work has been carried out. Grant that the one
part is carried on without the other, and the revival is only a
partial one. Growth in grace is not an aggressive work out-
side the church ; and we must emphasize the fact that there
has never been a true revival except as Christians already in
the church have become better men and women in their lives
before God. Leading souls through repentance to Christ is
only a part of our mission.

We have daily illustrations of churches working chiefly in
one of these two directions to the neglect of the other. We
have all heard the remark, '* We must make the church better
before we labor for the impenitent " ; but such a view is only
a narrow one, — the work of the church covers both. It is
possible to conceive of a church demanding food for Chris-
tian disciples chiefly, — whether milk or meat we will not say ;
but such an aim is far short of that demanded of the church as a
whole. The extreme men in this class are doubtless those whose
thoughts are chiefly upon what are termed the doctrines of the
" Higher Life." The tendency among this class, so engrossed
with their own personal experience, is to neglect aggressive
movements among those who have no Christian experience
at all.

Then, again, there are others who clamor for the conversion
of the hitherto unrepentant, yet who at the same time rest
content with the defective character of those whose names are
on the church records. This class, by no means few in num-
ber, is upon the other extreme from the advocates of the
" Higher Life " ideas, and is equally neglectful of the true
duties required of every disciple.

22 Revivals, and Working Condition of the Churches. [Jan.

As a matter of fact, a healthful condition of the church means
that both of these principles are heeded and carried out. A
genuine revival of religion, or the Lord's work, possesses these
two characteristics, — the conversion of many souls, and the
building up or edification of those who are convert^.

Now whether, in a genuine revival, the work in the church
always precedes the work among the impenitent may be a
question. An active spiritual church, whose members are
walking in lowliness, will expect souls to be converted ; and,
we may safely say, souls will be converted. On the other
hand, the conversion of those who were once opposed to reli-
gious truth is usually a strong power in arousing the church
from dulness.

We have now reached the query. Is the church in its ordi-
nary working condition expected to do all of this work } If
so, then it does not need any special work. The question
resolves itself into two shapes, — of theory and of fact, —
Can a church do its work without some special season of
refreshing ? and Does it accomplish this work ?

I. Can a church keep up to its twofold duties week after
week, month after month, year after year.? We speak of a
church as an organization. If it be asked, Can each indi-
vidual member always lead a pure life? we answer. Yes!
Can he be faithful as a messenger of Christ wherever he is }
We answer in the affirmative. And yet to the church, and not
to individuals, have been committed the oracles of God. The
Church of Ephesus, the Church of Laodicea, the Church of
Philadelphia, the Church at Corinth, etc., these were the
centres of Christian life and usefulness.

If our churches can accomplish just as much in any one
month as in any other, we must say they are the only organ-
izations which can do it. Take our business firms : each has
its special season of activity. We speak of the search after
wealth, and yet there is no business man but leaves his count-
ing-house in other hands to go away for rest. There are times
and seasons in everything else: then why not here.? And
while we ask, we remember that probably three fourths of our
church members leave their work at home, in counting-room
and church, every summer. Society says this season of rest is

1876.] Revivals^ and Working Condition of the Churches. 23

a necessity. We are among the number of those who thus
regard it ; but what are the consequences ? The working
forces of the church, as well as of business firms, are scattered
and are weakened for the time. The few who remain keep up
the work as far as possible ; but the work, as a matter of neces-
sity, flags in the meanwhile. This settled factor of almost
a necessary waste of three months of active labor must be
taken into the account. If success depends at all upon unity
of effort, and if the measure of success is dependent upon the
amount of force put forth, then of necessity the success varies
with the seasons, and the church needs a revival of its life in
carrying on its work certainly every year. Theoretically, there
ought to be a revival of religion just as much as of business or
of any human efEorts every year.

But while we thus speak, the question is not one of theory
but of fact. As a matter of fact, do our churches thus carry
on the Lord's work ? If the query relate to holiness of life on
the part of their members, what shall we say ? We will assume
for the present that these need no requickening ; that their
lives are according to the divine standard in point of self-denial,
purity, and truthfulness.

This is not all. What shall we say of the aggressive work
given us to do } Taking the promise of the Holy Ghost, who
convinces of sin, what shall we say ? We open the accurate
reports of our Congregational churches. Without doubt, we
should expect constant additions to our membership from our
families and Sabbath Schools, and yet others from among neg-
lecters. But taking our churches, what do we find ? We leave
out from the statistics all account of persons dismissed or
received by letter to our various churches, inasmuch as this
is chiefly an interchange.

In our Massachusetts Congregational churches, for the year
ending Jan. i, 1874, there were received into membership, on
profession of faith, 2,329 ; removals by death and excommuni-
cation, 1,447 J leaving a net gain of 882 for 508 churches, or
an average gain of nearly if persons to each church in the
State. In the United States for that same year, in all our
3,403 Congregational churches, there was a net gain of 9,296,
or an average gain of 2§ to a church.

24 RevioalSj and Working Conditum of the Ckurches. [Jan.

But not to confine ourselves to one year, we have taken the
number of churches from i860 to 1874 ^ being, upon an aver-
age, 2,911 for each year. In these fifteen years there was a
net gain of 100,956 by profession, or an average gain of 6,730
per year, making for each of the fifteen years an average gain
for each church of nearly 2\ persons. The question is no
longer one of mere ability as regards the churches, but one of
feet No one of us can say that this is the measure of what
our churches should do in Christ's name.

Whatever may be the piety and Christian growth of our
churches, — and we utter no breath against it, — in view of these
fects we need to offer the prayer, " O Lord, revive thy work I '»
Take out 43 of the churches which passed through a revival,
in the year mentioned, in Massachusetts, and the 465 churches
which remained would have just held their own. The sole
increase of that year was due to revivals of the Lord's work,
defining a revival to be a quickened state of religious feeling
manifesting itself in some social form.

Take Connecticut for the same year, with a net gain of 373
members over the whole number lost by death and excommu-
nication ; strike out from the tables the records of 12 churches
blessed with revivals, and the 284 other churches just held
their own.

Take Vermont the same year. Net gain, in the whole State,
152 churches, 38. The year before a net loss of 7 members.

Look at Michigan the same year, with a net gain of 563
members in 196 churches. Take from this the records of 30
churches blessed with revivals, and the remaining 166 churches
would have a net gain of but 60 members.

Look at Ohio, the same year, with a total gain above losses
by death and excommunication of 1,148 members in 214
churches. Strike out the actual gains of 45 churches blessed
with revivals, and the remaining 169 churches did not average
a gain of one member to a church.

Take Rhode Island, same year. Net gain by profession over
loss by death and excommunication, 73 among 25 churches.
Five of these churches show a gain of 63 members, leaving a
gain of 10 members among the other 20 churches.

Take the same question in another form ; and in this single

1876.] Remvals, and Working Condition of the Churches. 25

computation we shall assume, what we have no reason to sup-
pose any will deny, that usually a church which receives 10 or
more members on profession of &ith is regarded as having
experienced a revival.

The State of Iowa has 224 Congregational churches. Addi-
tions for the year ending May i, 1874, 950 by profession of
&dth ; removals by death and excommunication, 193, leaving
a net gain of 757 members. There were 26 churches which
added to this membership 10 or more by profession. These
26 churches, which may be said to have experienced revivals,
gained 503 members, leaving out all interchange by letter.
The 198 remaining churches therefore gained but 254 mem-
bers.

The net gain of the churches in New York was 1,027.
Revivals in 31 churches made up 855 of this gain, by addi-
tions of 1 5 or more by profession above actual losses. This
leaves 221 churches to make up the balance of the gain in* 172
members, or less than one member to a church.

These facts prove beyond the shadow of a doubt that our
hope has been in revivals of God's work, and not in the ordi-
nary working condition of the church.

We can now understand why the name of Whitefield is so
revered. We can appreciate the value of what the calm, clear-
minded President Edwards termed " the exceeding glorious
work of God," and forgive him when he terms the revival of
1740 " the most glorious of any work of God whatsoever."

In view of these special seasons of refreshing, and the
consequent increase of demands for Christian effort, we are
tempted to ask whether outside assistance should be called in.
This, we would suggest, is purely a local question. We grant
the power in a strange voice, but usually it must be conceded
the faithful pastor can accomplish more than any other person.
If he has strength for all the special work, then, of course, he
needs no assistance. This is a local question for himself and
the church to decide.

But supposing he needs some one to aid him. Shall he
call in the neighboring pastors, and thus have a stranger, as
to the whole work, in the pulpit each evening ? or shall he call
in one who upon the special occasion shall do a special work }

26 Revivah, and Working Condition of the Churches. [Jan.

This aspect of the question is purely a local one. No general
rule can be laid down. But in view of the work of Whitefield
and Wesley, of Nettleton and Finney, of Moody and Sankey,
we certainly are led to bless God for such men.

Because the branches are stripped of their foliage, which at
last dropped sere and yellow, this is no proof that death has
come upon the tree. Because the snow and the ice have glis-
tened upon branches laden just before with crimson and golden
fruit, it is no sign that the work of the tree is done ; it may
be growing still. But let the sun shine again in the brightness
of spring, and the buds shall burst forth from cells of wax, and
blossom into a better life.

Our churches are not dead, though in the case of many it
may seem a winter time. The gentler rays of the purer Sun
can unstop the ears that are deaf and loosen the tongues which
are dumb. Revival work can bear the closest scrutiny. There
may be hypochondriacs for exceptions, there may be self-de-
ceived ones, and yet the work is substantial.

We should heed the words of warning which a prominent
clergyman of another faith gave to his people — (it was a
season of refreshing in the churches all about him) — forcible
words to speak to a loving people, but, from contrast, impelled.
Said this keen, earnest man to those who loved him most,
" You are an island of ice in a sea of fire" And we are com-
pelled to remember how long ago cloven tongues like as of fire
sat upon those who had waited for the Holy Ghost, and how
the whole place was filled with a Divine glory.

We need the same baptism of fire ; and when the question of
our "coming together" is raised, even then, standing in view
of the new scene, and impressed by the contrast, men of that
same school, awe-struck by the exceeding glory of the work,
will recognize the truth that a church, even as " an island of
ice," may sometimes, through unbelief, float right through a sea
of fire.

David O. Mears.

Cambridgey Mass,

1876.] The Conferences at Bonn. 27

THE CONFERENCES AT BONN.

The proceedings of the two Conferences which were held at.
Bonn in 1874 and 1875, upon invitation of Dr. von Dollinger,
are of interest in many respects ; chiefly, we think, in these
four: —

(i.) They show the position and progress of the Old Cath-
olic leaders.

(2.) They shed light upon the way in which intelligent, influ-
ential members of the Eastern Church look upon various divid-
ing questions between their church and other communions.

(3.) They evince the practicability, although thus far within
restricted limits, of a common endeavor, by personal intercourse
and comparison of views on the part of Eastern and Western
theologians, to develop points of union and to reduce those of
difference, with something gained thereby in the removal of
long-standing misapprehensions, in the promotion of personal
esteem and good will, and in the direction of a better future
understanding and agreement.

(4.) They disclose one phase of the modem movement
towards Christian union.

These considerations are not materially impaired in interest
by the remoteness of some of the topics discussed from our
religious thought and practice, nor by the incommensurate-
ness of the basis, method, and resources of these Conferences
with their professed ultimate object, — the reunion of Christen-
dom. The impulse to union, if really cherished, and the logi-
cal and practical necessities of an earnest resistance to the
usurpations of the Papacy and the encroachments of scepticism
and materialism, will be likely to carry those who are moved
by them at all beyond the first barriers which are surmounted.
Nor may we count anything as wholly foreign to us which is of
practical consequence to men who are striving, with apparent
earnestness, to make effective in the world better conceptions
of Christianity than those which are entertained by the great
mass of persons by whom they are immediately surrounded.

Nor may we abruptly and in advance, as the manner of some
is, dismiss as worthless all attempts at union which involve an

28 The Conferences at Bonn. (Jan.

endeavor to frame common statements of belief. It is a dictate
of scepticism, not of Christianity, which surrenders the human
mind to an endless variance of belief. Such attempts, indeed,
will be fruitless without Christian love ; but love, so far from
making them unnecessary or valueless, powerfully prompts to
them and even demands them ; for every believer has an inter-
est in a more perfect understanding of truth, and Wisdom
builds her house with many hands ; and a common testimony
to Christian doctrine, gained by free comparison of opinions,
and conference and discussion, is one important means of
increasing intelligence and widening the field of possible
co-operation in Christian work.

Whatever criticisms, therefore, we may have to offer upon
the Conferences at Bonn, we prefer to reserve for what in their
acts may seem to be so imperfect in statement as to prejudice
vital interests of piety, or to be lacking in Christian simplicity
and liberality, rather than to object to want of explicitness and
completeness of definition where the aim is simply to obtain a
stepping-stone to something better, and, especially, rather than
to make light of any endeavor, in a spirit of conciliation and
peace, to win in the realm of Christian belief a broader basis
for Christian fellowship and intercommunion.

In August, 1874, the following letter of invitation was sent
to several persons who had met two years previous at an infor-
mal Conference in Cologne, and to others who were known to
be in sympathy with its object : —

" On the 14th of September, and the days immediately fol-
lowing, a Conference will be held in Bonn by men who belong
to different church communions, and meet in the ardent desire
and hope of a coming great union of believing Christians.

''As a basis and canon of what is attainable and to be
striven for, are to be regarded the confessions of the first
Christian centuries, and those doctrines and institutions which
have been held to be essential and indispensable in the univer-
sal church of the East, as well as of the West, previous to the
great separations.

" The good which is first to be striven for and to be pro-
moted by the Conference is not an absorptive union or entire

1876.] The Conferences at Bonn. 29

fusion of the different ecclesiastical bodies, but the restoration
of a church communion upon the basis of * unitas in necessa-
riis/ with indulgence and retention of the peculiarities of
individual churches, so far as these do not appertain to the
substance of the ancient Catholic confession."

"(Signed) The Committee for Promotion of

Efforts for Ecclesiastical Union.

•^ DOLLINGER."

The Conference was attended by between fifty and sixty gen-
tlemen, — twenty Germans, nineteen Englishmen, six Amer-
icans, four Russians, three Danes, two Frenchmen, one Swiss,
and one Greek. Some of these were present only as listeners.
Of those who participated in the proceedings, the best known
are, — in addition to the Old Catholic leaders. Dr. v. Dollinger
and Bishop Reinkens, — from England, Edward Harold Browne,
D.D., Bishop of Winchester, J. S. Howson, d.d.. Dean of Chester,
and the Rev. Dr. Liddon, Canon of St. Paul's ; from the United
States, J. B. Kerfoot, d. d., ll. d.. Bishop of Pittsburg, and
the Rev. Dr. Nevin, Rector of the American chapel in Rome.
There was a noteworthy absence of men of ecclesiastical prom-
inence in the East ; ^ there were present, however, some rep-
resentatives of its theological science, as Professor Rhossis,
from Athens ; Mr. Alexander Kirejew, Secretary to the Soci-
ety of Friends of Spiritual Enlightenment in St. Petersburg ;
and Mr. Janyschew, Rector of the Theological Academy in
the same city.

Early in the proceedings Dr. v. Dollinger declared for him-
self and his Old Catholic associates that they were not bound
to all the decrees of the Council of Trent, " which cannot," he
added, " be regarded as an ecumenical council."

In addition to a declaration upon the " Filioque," which,

^ The Oriental representation gained much, both in numbers and importance, at
the second Conference. Members of five churches of the East are reported as
present, viz. the Patriarchate of Constantinople, the Russian, Roumanian, Servian,
and Dalmatian Churches. Dr. v. Dollinger is said to have spoken of it as prob-
ably the largest assembly of Oriental ecclesiastics that has ever met in the West.
— Letter to the Times,

The list includes Archbishop Genadius and Bishop Melchisedek, from Rou-
mania, the Archbishop of Syra, and several Archimandrites. The official (or
semi-official) report is not yet received.

30 The Conferences at Bonn. [Jan.

with a notice of the discussion, we reserve until we come to
the proceedings of the second Conference, Dr. v. Dollinger
submitted fourteen propositions which had been agreed to by
the Old Catholics.

" I. We agree that the apocryphal or deuterocanonical
books of the Old Testament are not of the same canonicity as
the books contained in the Hebrew Canon.

" 2. We agree that no translation of Holy Scripture can
claim an authority superior to that of the original text.

" 3. We agree that the reading of Holy Scripture in the
vulgar tongue cannot lawfully be forbidden.

" 4. We agree that, in general, it is more fitting and in
accordance with the spirit of the church that the liturgy
should be in the tongue understood by the people.

" 5. We agree that faith working by love, and not faith
alone, is the means and condition of man's justification before
God."

This was criticised by some of the Anglicans, inasmuch as
the Eleventh of the Thirty-Nine Articles declares that the doc-
trine that we are justified by faith, only, is most wholesome
and very full of comfort. The Bishop of Pittsburg proposed
an amendment, which was adopted, leaving the article thus : —

" 5. We agree that faith working by love, not faith without
love, is the means and condition of man's justification before
God."

** 6. Salvation cannot be merited by * merit of condignity,'
because there is no proportion between the infinite good of the
salvation promised by God and the finite merit of man's good
works."

This was amended, on motion of the Bishop of Winchester,
so as to read : —

" 6. Salvation cannot be merited by ' merit of condignity,*
because there is no proportion between the infinite worth of
the salvation promised by God and the finite worth of man's
works."

The English articles affirm that " we are accounted righteous
before God only for the merit of our Lord and Saviour, Jesus
Christ, and not for our own works and deservings"; that
" good works are the fruits of faith/' " spring out necessarily '

1876.] The Conferences at Bonn. 31

of a true and lively faith," " and are pleasing and acceptable to
God in Christ" This is at least an intelligible and definite
doctrine. Its contrasted terms are grace and merit, and these
are mutually exclusive. It lays at the basis of human salva-
tion the merit of Christ, and excludes from this basis our own
works and deservings. The believer is not perplexed by a sum
in proportion, nor by a comparison between the infinite and
finite ; nor is human merit allowed to steal in by another door,
which Augustine failed to close, and whose insecurity occa-
sioned much of the trouble respecting the way of salvation in
the mediaeval church. Good works in the English article, as
by the reformers generally, are regarded as the necessary fruits
of faith.

Faith is the formative and efEective principle in the process
of salvation, — faith, that is, as receptive of Christ and all
grace. Faith, indeed, regarded as a virtue, and as the primary
virtue among the Christian graces, cannot be conceived of as
without love. In this relation, it not only has the power of
love, through the gratitude begotten by its apprehension of
infinite mercy bestowed upon the sinful and guilty, it is itself
an exercise of affection, a trust of the heart, a self-devotement
in view of what God is, and has done for us. Love is thus an
essential element of this faith, yet it is not on account of this
element that it justifies ; nor is it this characteristic which
makes it the primary virtue in the Christian life. It justifies
because it is the instrument by which forgiveness of sins is
appropriated. It is the source and spring of a new life
because, by it, Christ is received in His power to deliver
from the bondage of evil and to present those who trust in
Him faultless before God. Faith, from this point of view,
faith considered as an act of acceptance of redemptive and
restorative grace, and as an habitual dependence on such aid,
may be said to be in order to love ; love being now regarded
as restored virtue, or the likeness to God which is to be re-
covered.

In this relation we may affirm that faith is as necessary to
holiness as love ; that their connection is that of an efficient
and a final cause ; that while it is true that faith without love
is dead, it is equally true that love without faith has no possi-

32 The Conferences at Bonn. [Jan.

•

bility of life. The first word in Christianity, as a redemptive
system, is, God's gift of His Son to save sinners, that is, grace :
the first and answering word in the process of salvation is,
reception of this gift, or faith. Indeed, it may be doubted
whether, if we consider love as a personal act, as a life in and
for the object of a£Fection, and carry this out to the entire
surrender and devoteraent of self required by the Divine law
and exemplified by our Lord, it is not psychologically impos-
sible for any finite spirit, howsoever sinless and exalted, to have
such love without the logical antecedence of a faith which
credits and receives a personal expression and impartation of
the divine and eternal love. If this be true, angels, as well as
men, must believe in order to love ; but, however this may be,
in the scheme of recovery offered in the gospel, it is faith and
not love which justifies and is the starting-point for a holy life ;
while it is also true that it is faith, as inclusive of love, which
is the primary virtue. Nor can this relation be confused with-
out the most serious practical evils. The history of the mediae-
val church is a most impressive proof here. Augustine's teach-
ing — that faith is the principle of love — was comparatively
thrown into the background, while his infelicitous statement
that God justifies not only by pardon, but also by giving charity
or love, was followed out, with fearful sequaciousness of error,
into the mediaeval legalism, with its torturing perplexities for
the conscientious and its stupefying formalism for the worldly
and thoughtless.

The Bonn article seems to us to miss the point of the Eng-
lish and Protestant opposition to " merit " in another respect.
Paul gives it when he writes, " God^ even when we were dead
in sifiSf hath quickened us together with Christ; by grace ye are
saved'' Grace is primary as well as efficient ; and whoever
habitually traces whatever virtue he may reach back to this
cause will not glory in himself, nor in the merit of his holiest
preferences. Augustine and Calvin are at one here in following
the great apostle. " Merit of condignity " followed, it is said,
in the schemes of some of the Roman Catholic teachers, the
admission of a " merit of congfruity," by which the sinner was
supposed to prepare himself for Divine aid. When grace was
thus obtained, perseverance in well-doing earned eternal life

1876.] The Conferences at Bonn. 33

l)y its own meritoriousness. The Eleventh of the Thirty-Nine
Articles lays the axe at the root of this tree by denying that
'works which spring not of faith in Jesus Christ can deserve
grace of congruity. Combine with this the declaration in the
Tenth Article respecting the dependence of a good will on
Christ, and it will be seen that merit of condignity is equally
condemned.

The amendment of the Bishop of Winchester appears to
have been designed to obviate the contradiction to the Angli-
can Articles which lurks in the phrase, *• The finite merit of
man's good works." The word " worth " is substituted for the
term "merit" But the reconciliation cannot be thus easily
effected. What is meant by the " worth " of man's works ?
The word is ambiguous. It may denote either their value,
their merit, or their intrinsic quality, their moral goodness.
If we take the first meaning, we have only a verbal alteration
of the proposition ; there is no change of meaning : if we
adopt the other interpretation, the Article loses its point. For
if the excellence of finite virtue be abstracted from the concep-
tion of its rewardableness, — if we are not intending to intro-
duce into our proposition this last notion, — then what is the
logic of the statement ? It stands thus : Salvation cannot be
merited, because there is no proportion between finite virtue,
regarded entirely apart from its meritoriousness, and the in-
finite worth of the salvation promised by God ; that is, salvation
cannot be merited by that which, according to our hypothesis,
is without merit

The truth is, merit of condignity has no real footing in a
created and finite universe. It is not known, we may believe,
in the speech of heaven. No archangel who has kept his first
estate, and stands nearest the throne, claims his position there
as a mere matter of wages or desert. The fiat of creation,
with all that this involves, can only be understood as an act of
infinite love. Immeasurable goodness is at the bottom of all
things, — thrones, dominions, principalities, powers, — what-
ever the elevatipn, however bright the glory.

The schoolmen ventured to introduce the notion of merit of
condignity only under careful restrictions. Aquinas, who is
its reputed author, denies condignity, if reference be had sim-

SBCOND SKRIZS. — YOU VHI. NO. I. 3

34 ^/'^ Conferences at Bonn. [Jan.

ply to a preference or choice in itself considered, or as an act
of freedom. From this point of view he claims only congruity,
and this on the basis of "a certain equality of proportion.
For it seems congruous that God should recompense a man
who acts according to his ability {virtutem) in a manner pro-
portionate to the excellence of his own power {viriutis). But
if we speak of a meritorious work in respect to its procedure
from the Holy Spirit, it is, in this aspect, meritorious of eter-
nal life by condignity. For, in this case, the worth of the
merit is considered according to the power of the Holy Spirit
who moves us to eternal life, according to John iv, 14, " There
shall be in him a fountain of water springing up into eternal
life'' The value of the work is considered, aJso, according to
the dignity of grace, by which a man is made a partaker of the
divine nature, and adopted as a son of Grod, to whom an inher-
itance is due by the right of adoption, according to Romans
viii, 17, **If sons, then heirs'*

We doubt whether any practical benefit was ever secured by
these distinctions, at least in such a connection.. For, after
denying merit, it tends only to confusion to bring it back again,
however qualified. Yet, in one respect, the scholastic view
opens an aspect of the subject which the amendment of the
Bonn article conceals. If we are to go into this estimate of
proportions at all, why overlook the " equality " of which the
schoolmen speak, and especially the Divine element in a
regenerated and holy life t Why, indeed, not go further, and
admit in real goodness, whether human, angelic, or Divine,
something beyond measure and beyond price ? How does the
Bishop of Winchester invent, or where has he discovered, a
calculus by which to determine the value or worth of one holy
act .^ What instrument, more powerful than any that weighs
the stars, can measure for us the worth of any life that has
turned men to righteousness t

Merit we know well how to discard. This is effectively done
in the leading Protestant symbols and confessions. But " the
finite worth of man's works" is a term in moral mathematics
which we find somewhat unmanageable. At any rate, this
worth, be it more or less, is not eliminated. Salvation, the
article seems to concede, is, after all, really founded in part on

1876.] The Conferences at Bonn. 35

this " finite worth," although we are to disregard this, consider-
ing that there is also an infinite worth involved. We are re-
minded of Bellarmine's curious and sagacious counsel, to the
efiect that men should not trust to their merits, although these
cannot be denied.

How far it would have been practicable or expedient for the
Anglican members of the Conference more fully to have ex-
hibited the strength, consistency, and biblical authority of
their own articles upon justification and human works, we may
not presume to affirm. They evidently thought it best to be
contented with an exclusion — to some extent merely verbal —
of positive error. Yet we have no hesitation in saying that it
is just at the point of this doctrine of justification that the Old
Catholic movement is roost exposed to weakness and failure.
It offers to men no view of the way of salvation sufficiently
distinct from that of Roman Catholicism to interest them reli-
giously and powerfully to move them. As at present guided, we
doubt altogether its power to draw off many recruits from the
Romish Church, or to obtain many from the g^eat mass of the
indifferent and the sceptical It lacks the religious fulcrum of
the Great Reformation. From this point of view we cannot
but regret that greater explicitness has not characterized the
dealings of Protestant participators in the Old Catholic Con-
ferences.

The Bishop of Winchester is an accomplished theologian.
In his able exposition of the Thirty-Nine Articles he has given
one of the best recent statements of the reformers' teaching
respecting justification, and of its biblical authority. To the
second Conference he sent a letter vindicating the apostolical
succession of the Anglican episcopate. Will there not be an
opportunity at the next to touch a little more firmly the article
he has begun to amend ? May we not expect, also, something
in this direction from the distinguished author of the " Life of
St. Paul " ? If this is impracticable, owing to the nature and
intent of these Conferences, we shall suspect that a few intel-
ligent and fearless preachers, in papal lands, of Paul's doctrine
of justification and of the way of salvation by faith in a cru-
cified and risen Redeemer, will be a mightier power against
the Papacy than Old Catholicism, however reinforced by Ori-
ental and Anglican sympathizers.

36 The Conferences at Bonn. [Jan.

"7. We agree that the doctrine of opera supererogationis
and of a thesaurus meritorum sanctorum, i. e. that the over-
flowing merits of the saints can be transferred to others, either
by the rulers of the church or by the authors of the good works
themselves, is untenable.

" 8 (a). We acknowledge that the number of sacraments
was fixed at seven first in the twelfth century, and then was
received into the general teaching of the church, not as a tra-
dition coming down from the Apostles or fi:*om the earliest
times, but as the result of theological speculation.

" (6). Catholic theologians {e, g, Bellarmine) acknowledge,
and we acknowledge with them, that baptism and the eucharist
are principalia, pracipua, eximia salutis nostrtB sacramental

These eight theses were agreed to by the Anglicans present
The Orientals took no part either in their discussion or adop-
tion.

" 9 (a). We agree that the genuine tradition, i. e. the un-
broken transmission, partly oral, partly in writing, of the doc-
trine delivered by Christ and the Apostles, is an authoritative
source of teaching for all successive generations of Christians.
This tradition is partly to be found in the consensus of the
great ecclesiastical bodies standing in historical continuity
with the primitive church, partly to be gathered by scientific
method from the written documents of all centuries."

Upon this article arose the following discussion : —

Janyschew. What are these ecclesiastical bodies ?

DoLLiNGER. First your own, the Eastern Church ; then,
the Western Church, with exclusion of these parts, which have
broken historical continuity.

Bloch. {From Denmark) Do the churches of the Refor-
mation belong }

DoLLiNGER. I would not affirm of the Danish-Lutheran
Church that it has broken historical continuity, as, e. g. the
Genevan Church under Calvin has done.

Bloch. The Swiss Reformed Church has preserved bap-
tism, . . . and its members cannot therefore be excluded
from the church, as the Baptists.

At this point appeared a diversity of view among the Angli-
cans present.

1876.] The Conferences at Bonn. 37

The Bishop of Pittsburg and the Dean of Chester accepted
the Article, so far as it does not exclude the Holy Scriptures
from being the rule of faith, while Canon Liddon thought it
quite correct as proposed.

Pro£ Rhossis and Mr. Janyschew preferred not to enter
more fully upon the question of the relation of Scripture and
tradition.

The Article was adopted.

At a subsequent session of the Conference Dr. v. Dollinger
stated that a wish had been expressed to modify the Article, so
as to read : —

" 9 (a). The Holy Scriptures being recognized as the primary
rule of faith, we agree that the genuine tradition," etc.

Dr. Liddon called attention to the fact that many Church
Fathers, especially Athanasius and Basil, teach that Scripture
is the source of Divine truth, although tradition is to be
regarded in interpretation.

Dollinger. Tradition, in the broader sense, embraces
the Holy Scriptures as the first and principal member. Tra-
dition, in the narrower sense, has an interpretative authority
in respect to the sacred Scriptures, and, therefore, these, as
generally is recognized, are the primaria regula fideu

Tatschalow. Tradition and the Holy Scriptures have like
authority, although the last is the primary rule of faith.

KiREjEW. The word " primary " is easily misunderstood,
and can be so used as to press tradition into the background,
just as the designation of the pope as " primus " has led to a
false apprehension of the primacy. The question is, whether
"primary" here is to mean a temporal priority or a higher
authority.

Dollinger. First of all, only the former. (" Zunachst nur
das Erstere.")

Reinkens. Scripture and tradition may not be separated
from each other, and brought into opposition. They are
equally important, although a special significance attaches
to the Scriptures.

This was assented to by Rector Janyschew, and the amend-
ment was adopted after a remark from Prof. Rhossis to the
effect that, although he still had some objections to the

38 The Conferences at Bonn. [Jan.

expression, " primary rule of faith," he would not vote against
the Article, since it did not contradict a settled doctrine of his
church.

" 9 (p). We acknowledge that the Church of England, and
the churches derived through her, have maintained unbroken
the Episcopal succession."

As some of the members of the Eastern Church had doubts
about this. Dr. v. Dollinger gave the results of his historical
investigations. " Everything," he said, " turns upon the ques-
tion whether Archbishop Parker and his consecrator. Bishop
Barlow, were validly ordained." He expressed the opinion
that Bishop Barlow's ordination is as well attested as any
historical fact of which we have no official record. Parker's
is not doubted even by Lingard. In the Western Qhurch,
however, Dr. v. Dollinger was unkind enough to add, things
had occurred adapted to excite far graver objections to the
unbroken succession and the validity, of many ordinations
than all that had been adduced respecting the English.

The Article appears not to have been put to vote, as the
Orientals, though propitiated, were not ready to act. We are
pained to be obliged to add that, although the Bishop of Win-
chester sent to the second Conference a letter laden with proofs
of the validity of Anglican orders, and the Old Catholics were
ready to have the momentous question settled, it still remains
an open one. The East, although comparatively well repre-
sented, was still not prepared to act. At least, Dr. v. Dollinger
did not press the matter to a solution, and the Anglicans
deferred to his judgment. When the writer was in Athens,
two intelligent members of the English Church of his acquaint-
ance sought the apostolic benediction of the Archbishop of
Syra, who happened to be in the city. Such troubled souls
in the English Church must still, it would seem, passing by
Canterbury and York, make their pilgrimages to the seats of
apostolic succession in the far East. All benevolent persons
will rejoice if, through Dr. v. Dollinger's kindly and learned
mediation, these disquieted spirits shall be able to find comfort
and rest somewhat nearer home, so that henceforth they will
not be constrained to go so far to get — but we beg pardon of
our Anglican friends ; the illusion was threatening us that we
are in the nineteenth century, and that there has been a Prot-

18/6.] The Conferences at Bonn* 39

estant Reformation. Yet the query cannot be wholly sup-
pressed, whether, by the time that the Greek Church, or
possibly some Ecumenical Council, — and can anything less
august and authoritative decide so grave a question ? — shall
have settled the historical fact about Barlow, matters may not
be ripe in a certain section of the Anglican Church for an
inquiry into- some historical facts attested in the Book of Acts,
the Epistle of Clement, and other documents of the primitive
church about which the scholarship of our age is gathering a
consensus of opinions that may come to be as weighty with
the Occidental mind as it is to be hoped that Dr. v. Bollinger's
historical judgment will yet prove to be with the Orthodox
Oriental.

" 10. We reject the new Roman doctrine of the Immaculate
Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary as being contrary to
the tradition of the first thirteen centuries, according to which
Christ alone is conceived without sin."

Dr. Liddon proposed to say, " We reject as a dogma of faith
the new Roman doctrine." His object was to cover the case
of those who hold the Immaculate Conception as a " pious
opinion," while they reject it as " dogma," His amendment
encountered decided opposition from the Old Catholics. " We
German theologians," said Dr. v. DoUinger, " reject not merely
the dogma but the opinion. History shows that it has been
smuggled into the church by a chain of intrigues and falsifica-
tions. Its dogmatic definition by the pope beyond question
had the purpose of preparing for the definition of the papal
infallibility itself. The doctrine is become for us a fans et
origo ntaloriintr If Dr. Liddon's amendment were accepted,
the entire Article, he urged, would have to be altered, " for, if
the doctrine, as we may say, is contrary to the tradition of the
first thirteen centuries, it can be no pious opinion." Dr. Lid-
don's amendment was rejected by a vote standing 9 to 25.

The Article appears to have been adopted, although the
quasi-oflRcial record does not so state.

"II. We agree that the practice of confession of sins
before the congregation or a priest, together with the exercise
of the power of the keys, has come down to us from the
primitive church, and that, purged from abuses and free from
constraint, it should be preserved in the church."

40 The Conferences at Bonn, [Jan.

Dean Howson expressed his concurrence, which he doubted
not would be shared in by all his English friends. Rector
Janyschew and his associates assented, provided that "free
from constraint," did not mean "free from moral necessity or
duty."

" 12. We agree that ' indulgences ' can only refer to penal-
ties actually imposed by the church hersel£"

Adopted.

" 13. We acknowledge that the practice of the commemo-
ration of the faithful departed, 1. e, the calling down of a richer
outpouring of Christ's grace upon them, has come down to us
from the primitive church, and is to be preserved in the church."

Janyschew and Tatschaloff. Agreed.

Bishop of Pittsburg. Without doubt the ancient church
thought thus of her deceased members, and when we pray
" Thy kingdom come " we certainly would not exclude from
that kingdom those who have entered into the eternal rest

HowsoN. I would rather not vote upon this Article. Not
that I would dispute that prayer for departed believers was an
ancient ecclesiastical observance, but because of the grievous
corruptions to which it has given occasion in the course of
time. . The English Church is silent about this usage ; I would
be silent too.

LiDDON. The thesis is wholly correct, etc. . . . Dr.
Pusey would strongly disapprove if I should not appear for it

Nevin. Only the Dean of Chester has spoken against the
proposition, and he has not opposed its meaning, but only the
opportunity for it

The Article was adopted by a large majority.

Dr. V. Dollinger then proposed this article : —

" We acknowledge that the invocation of saints is not com-
manded as a duty necessary to salvation for every Christian,"

In consequence of opposition from the members of the Greek
Church the Article was withdrawn.

The next article was introduced by a statement from Dr. v.
D5llinger that it was drawn with the co-operation of several
English and American theologians,^ and, so far as possible, in
the words of Holy Scripture.

^ According to the London Times, the Bishop of Pittsburg, Dr. Nevin, Dean
Howson, and Canon Liddon.

I SjS."} Tk$ Conferences at Bcnn. 41

"14. The cucharistic celebration in the church is not a
crontinuous repetition or renewal of the propitiatory sacrifice
cskffered once forever by Christ upon the cross ; but its sacrifi-
crial character consists in this, — that it is the permanent memo-
rnal of it, and a representation and presentation on earth of that
r^ne oblation of Christ for the salvation of redeemed mankind,
^vrhich, according to the Epistle to the Hebrews (ix, 11, 12), is
crontinuously presented in heaven by Christ, who now appears
in the presence of God for us. (ix, 24.)

"While this is the character of the eucharist in reference to
the sacrifice of Christ, it is also a sacred feast, wherein the
feithful, receiving the body and blood of our Lord, have com-
munion one with another, (i Cor. x, 17.)''

The Bishop of Pittsburg. I am in entire agreement
^th this Article.

Hunt. Is the Article so to be understood that we receive
the body and blood of Christ in the eucharist in another sense
than by means of other ordinances }

D6LLINGER. Yes. The opposite conception would con-
tradict the doctrine of the Eastern and Western Church, also
of the English and American Church. Besides, this is hardly
the place to enter more fully upon the Calvinistic doctrine.

The Eastern members stated their agreement, understanding
the expression " representation and presentation " to signify,
not a mere symbolization, " but an inner connection of the
eucharistic sacrifice with the heavenly sacrifice, and a real
relation to the same." (Prof. Rhossis.)
The thesis was adopted.^

^ Dean Howson, upon reflection, appears to have deemed necessary some ex-
planation of the meaning attached by him to the leading words of this Artide.
Accordingly, at the second Conference he submitted the following statement and
interpretation : —

** Some members of the Church of England, who earnestly desire success to the
present efforts for reunion, having been made anxious and doubtful by that part
of the Article on the eucharist, provisionally adopted last year, which speaks of
the eucharistic celebration as a * representation and presentation on earth * of the
one oblation of Christ which is continuously presented by Him in heaven, and
these expressions being capable of different shades of interpretation, I beg leave
respectfully to state the meanings which such persons with myself are disposed to
attach to them. We view the eucharistic celebration as a * representation,* be-
cause in it (according to i Cor. xi, 26) we show forth the Lord's death till He
come ; we speak of it as a ' presentation/ because those who receive, in the holy
communion, the blessings procured by the sacrifice of Christ, do at the same time

42 The Conferences at Bonn. [Jan.

Upon the question of " communion under both forms *' no
action was taken, but Dr. v. Dollinger made this statement :
" We Old Catholics regard the usage of the Eastern and of
the English Church to be in principle the more correct one»
only we cannot as yet determine the time when it will be pos-
sible in an orderly way to introduce among us a change as to
this point."

At the final session of the Conference certain points of
difference between the Eastern and Western Churches were
considered. One of these was the question of the primacy.
It was referred to a commission. Another related to the inter-
mediate state. The Old Catholics agreed with the Orientals
in rejecting the Romish doctrine of indulgence in respect to
the dead. At the second Conference (1875), according to the
Times report, Dr. v. Dollinger discarded emphatically, and with
general applause, the entire scheme of purgatory and indul-
gences, by which the pope, " having already the keeping of
heaven and the dominion on earth, obtained also sovereignty
under the earth."

The next item discussed in the list of dififerences respected
the administration of baptism. When the subject of tradition
was up, one of the speakers, apparently without dissent, ex-
cluded our Baptist brethren from the universal church contem-
plated by the Conference. Possibly they may be conciliated
somewhat by learning that these eminent Oriental and West-
ern traditionalists agree with them in the belief that immersion
is the oldest and original mode of baptism, although the effect
of this was somewhat impaired by the remark of the president
of the Conference, that the question need not be regarded as
objectum litis.

The remaining points were of minor consequence.

Egbert C. Smyth.

Andover TTieologUal Seminary.

(To be continued.]

as sinners plead that sacrifice before God ; and we conceive the sense assigned to
Christ's ' continuous oblation in heaven ' must be limited by the revealed fact
(Heb. vii, 27 ; ix, 12 and 25-28 ; z, 10-28) that His sacrifice for sin was made
complete, once for all, before He ascended to heaven. I feel bound, in conclu-
sion, to add that, on further reflection, I have less confidence than I had before
as to the strict consistency of the language of this Article with the language of the
English Book of Common Prayer."

18/6.] Giving as an Act of Warship. 43

GIVING AS AN ACT OF WORSHIP.

Eighteen hundred years ago giving was as certainly con-
sidered an act of worship as praying. Christ found fault with
hypocrisy but not with bringing alms. He scourged many
things from the Temple, but He did not evict the system of
offerings. That had been there from the beginning ; indeed,
it was older than the Temple: it was there first, and the
Temple was built around it. It was older than the Taberna-
cle ; older than Moses and his laws ; older than Jacob, who
vowed to give his tenth of all ; older than Abraham, who paid
tithes to Melchisedec. It is a part of natural religion ; it has
been held a duty from the beginning, and as such has been
observed by men of all colors and habits and times, and in all
quarters of the globe. It is not peculiar to the Christian sys-
tem, nor is it enjoined alone in revelation. Classical writers
tell us that it was the custom among their people to consecrate
thank-offerings to the gods. One says, " As soon as the
harvest was got in, before they had tasted of the fruits, they
offered their libations. They held their fields and cities as
gifts from the gods, and they consecrated a part for temples
and shrines, where they might worship them." Unclassical
heathen, as the aborigines of this country, were not unschooled
in the doctrine of offerings. Wherever worshippers have been
found, men have worshipped by giving gifts. •

We conclude, then, that the consecration of treasure, like
the consecration of time, has been held a duty from the be-
ginning ; the Sabbath and the thank-offering run back to the
origin of the race ; they have both been known since the
first suppliant lifted voice and heart, with the smoke of incense,
to the Father above. Moses, indeed, enforced, but he did not
originate them. Before Abraham or Moses was, they were.
It has been left for the moderns to discover that these twain,
which God has united, should not go together ; that the Sab-
bath is too sacred for the bringing of gifts ; and that the
contribution-box is a Vandal in the house of the Lord.

It should not be forgotten that temple worship made very
much of oblation. In the language of a modern sinner, it was
" Give, give, all the time." Well, why not ^ for it was Receive,

-i^ X*^^ ^'i^ fti*5r^ "a z.

. •rt^ ^1 lire '•at "^"^ -• — ^

■tjie ^.*it!^/5" iJ&rii^ tr' -he -iiiaariir. 5cr nar rbe Wwrr^Hr
•U#j vir5*sf ypuu '.lit "fruisr if TTear

Vfer'rt^ tt^Sf^ n -lie Viirrime nRiiszin tssc "utt die lesying^
a^t^ix^r w**r.\ hi?- -lie jsssl jz -wis -iie iEsr-onxxs js wcSL ai
-^le 4r'.*--v^'"i wi ':t;tt "Per^ hut ix :iie ".^Trrt. Tie lammaiai
-tirt -tiii4 ' 7 * uisttl it^nier *5C ir^af. our wTii-n carx oor
j5r'*>;»?i *:5r; \r\^\ "iie leif israe iav Tigr 7^ jaire 'inixgiKC aa
vTii^rt^ mtw -vir Vvi-* Tiie ^nr* J-i^pisa. fy^vsxr vas

t'jt;! 3^w;» ^^v»:^r.*rt iiiii r^rL-jgnizgd Tins zhiuctc;. "wmni

JfA ^iV,r'->^-: r ^.iri ^TOunied :- ini: ir lai: iiil TiissessiiHi of
*:i*^ Irv'.a'tfx r^r..-; ¥'.-.«*n Ciir-d' lame inii lire ITir:>-Trinn ca:ircii

fr v.f V, *,-,i* r^r-t^irt r^->^: tier. lie. Ii-jtis rx±jer rm-yrfanrprf^
*ifvJ A *hi^ A^«r ^J» ;rtri it ^T-iTr Triri zear 'tj^hc, Ei wis wzfieicd
f^// *V; P'^r.^^v/t^;*^ 'ivtpciwa. asd taen iiecante 3ore arrfttiii th»i
^r*r. 7H«r/ rJvi* rwrf pot^^fessuxu soCd rher^ To oieet a press-
'tf>^ A^>^,^t*/ tSe/ hfTOPight thtfir aZ. — -ot thetr tLtiies» but
tJv^r h//iv.^ ar»d laruis, — and ** distribotioa was made onto
*^tff ffhun k^jvpt^ing^ as he had need." Is those Pentecostal
Af$^y%, when ^'ymv^^Tnu'/ns were a dailj experience, and Christian
^r^^AM ^rew and hUj>%%omed like the flowers of spring, giving
Wk^ f^m%uleftf\ a part, and a »r^j/ important fart^ of worsh^i.
Th//^. 4i%f/tp\c%, trained in the system of tithes and temple
fAU'.uu^%f w^/iild have thought it very strange to gather in a
#yri^^//^f»e t<; pray and sing psalms and read the Word, and yet
\h fomn "empty Wore the Lord" Justin Martyr, a little
hUr, Hivcn an account of the way in which Christians then

1876.] Giving as an Act of Worship. 45

kq)t the Sabbath. He says, "Those of us who have the
means assist all who are in want, and in all our oblations we
bless the Maker of all things through his Son Jesus Christ and
through the Holy Ghost On the day which is called Sunday,
there is an assembly in the same place of all who live in the
cities or in the country districts. The records of the apostles
or the writings of prophets are read as long as the time will
allow ; when the reading concludes, the presiding minister
gives oral instruction. Then we all rise and offer up our
prayers. When we have concluded our prayer, bread is brought
in and wine and water." He speaks of the observance of the
Eucharist, and adds, " Those who are in a prosperous condi-
tion, and wish to do so, then give what they will, each accord-
ing to his judgment. What is collected is placed in the hands
of the presiding minister, who assists with it orphans and
widows, and such as from sickness or any other cause are in
distress ; and he grants aid to those who are in bondage, to
strangers from afar, and, in a word, to all who are in need."

The early church, we conclude, linked giving and praying
together, and to the advantage, too, of both. How the church
grew in those days ! The disciple band was a great mission-
ary society, but without honorary members. All were active,
few were rich : yet the Lord's treasury was never empty, and
the church was foremost in every act of benevolence. Even
the apostate Julian confessed, " It is a shame for us that the
impious Galileans should not only keep their own poor, but
even many of ours whom we leave to suffer."

The apostolic church made much of giving, and considered
it an integral part of worship. We are not innovators, then,
but only returning to the old paths, as we press this duty upon
the church of to-day. We have the best of authority for say-
ing, not only. Let us sing, Let us pray. Let us read the Word,
but also. Let us give ; and as singing and praying should be
hearty and general, so there should be no monopoly in giving.
As commanded at the Feast of Unleavened Bread, none should
appear empty before the Lord. Every man, we are told, should
give as he is able, " according to the blessing of the Lord thy
God which He hath given thee."

We are not surprised that Paul, who touched upon so many

46 Giving as an Act of Worship. [Jan.

points in Christian order and ethics, should have given special
instruction in this matter also. Writing to Corinth, he says,
" As concerning the collection for the saints, as I have given
order to the churches of Galatia, even so do ye. Upon the
first day of the week let every one of you lay by him in store
as God has prospered him, that there be no gatherings when I
come." This, be it observed, is not mere advice, given by the
permission of the Lord, but is an apostolic injunction, emphasized
by the full weight of apostolic authority. It is not given to a
single church, in peculiar circumstances, and so restricted in
its scope, but it is the order given also to the churches of Gala-
tia ; and this Epistle was directed " to all that in every place
call upon the name of Jesus Christ, our Lord, both theirs and
ours." It is an old maxim that the law continues while the
reason continues. The other injunctions of the Epistles we
take to ourselves, unless manifestly restricted by time or place ;
and we see no reason why this precept, which fitted wealthy
Corinth and poor Galatia, is not suited to all who in every
place call on the name of the Lord. The same reasoning that
will confine this precept to the Isthmus of Greece and to the
first century will take the rest of the Epistle also.

It is to be observed further, that a fair exegesis throws the
emphasis upon the spirit of this command rather than upon
the letter. Even the law of the Sabbath bends to the claims
of necessity and of mercy. It is the laying by upon the first
day of the week which is required. The bringing together,
then is not enjoined, and it certainly is not forbidden ; but a
frequent and regular setting apart to the Lord's treasury,
according as God hath prospered, is certainly and clearly
enjoined. This is mandatory, and not advisory. It is backed
by all the authority of a " Thus saith the Lord." God's require-
ments are reasonable, and the wisdom of this injunction appears
in several particulars.

First and foremost, this kind of giving is a means of grace.
In all the fair and sweet sisterhood of Christian virtues, there
is none sweeter and fairer than beneficence, and none that
needs more assiduous cultivation. It is not native to the
heart ; it is an exotic, transplanted from the garden of the
Lord, and as much as any other virtue does it need care and

1876] Giving as an Act of Worship. 47

attention. Faith and hope require culture ; so does their
greater, which is charity. Paul would have men abound, not
only in faith and utterance and knowledge and in all dili-
gence, but in this grace also; and it was for the sake of the
Corinthian givers, not less than for the needy at Jerusalem,
that he penned his order. God could feed grasshopperdom
with manna ; He could preach by angels ; He could build
churches, and educate the South, and carry on the missionary
work in the four quarters of the globe without our help ; but He
could not thus develop in us the grace of beneficence. Giving
has been made a duty for the sake of the giver as well as the
receiver. No part of the Sabbath service, neither prayer nor
praise nor the study of truth, do we need more than the exer-
cise of benevolence. It is only by exercise that either grace
or muscle is developed. The hand seldom opened becomes
clutched ; the door rarely used creaks on its hinges. It is
strange how painfully some hearts open, how slowly some
hands let go. But to meet this very perversity Paul enjoins
on every one the laying by, on the first day of the week, as
God had prospered him.

Besides, this rule of giving meets the necessities of all. It
enables the poor to do much. In this way, those who live
*' from hand to mouth " may make large deposits in the treas-
ury of the Lord. Men will easily give fifty cents a week for
beneficence who would find it impossible at any one time during
the year to give twenty-five dollars, yes, or ten either. The
savings bank knows the worth of this principle, and has made
many a poor but frugal man rich. In the same way large
investments are made where moth and rust do not corrupt and
where no thief can break through or steal. In beneficence no
less than in business it is true that " many a little makes a
mickle." Nor is this a new discovery. Chrysostom, in enforcing
this rule, says, " Paul, by not enjoining them to deposit all at
once, made his counsel easy, since the gathering by little and
little hinders all perception of the burden and cost."

Furthermore, as it suits the necessities of the poor, so it is
a necessity to the rich. Frequent giving alone can make accu-
mulation safe. There is no sin more insidious than covetous-
ness. The dire dropsy, as Horace says, grows by what it feeds

48 Giving as m Act of Wofskip. [Jan,

on; it grows, too, by unseen gradations. Poor and liberal
often become rich and covetous. Day and night, for seven
days in the week and fifty-two weeks in the year, heart and
soul may be strained in the struggle for wealth. Without the
continual exercise of benevolence, without the habitual and
hearty response to the claims of charity, the climbing towards
riches is a progress towards close-fisted, pitiless, remorseless
greed. Men that hear and heed the claims of Mammon all the
week surely need, in the Lord's house, to hear of the Lord's
dividend and to respond thereta It is well for such to be
asked. '* How much owest thou to my Lord ? " And if it be an
hundred measures of oil, let not a craven minister say, " Take
thv bill and write fifty."

Once more, this system of Sunday o£Eering is most fitting
for the house of worship, and if rightly practised will keep the
Lon.rs treasury full In the sanctuary we confess our sins.
Lot us then bring forth fruit meet for repentance. We think
of llim who gave Himself for us. Let us then give to His
Cause. We say " Our Father which art in Heaven." Let us
then remember our brethren. Surely, giving befits the Lord's
hv>use, and on the other hand, the holy ser\'^ices of the day
ought to make giving easy. It is hard to sing, " Had I a thou-
sand hearts to give. Lord, they should all be thine," and then
witlihoKl every last cent.

Again, this system makes beneficence a principle and not a
nuit ter of feeling. Paul would have no gatherings when he should
come ; and yet, with his fiery eloquence and keen Jewish sym*
|).ilhy, he might so have portrayed the sufierings of the saints
ut Jerusalem as not only to have brought tears from eyes
unused to weeping, but large offerings even from the mean and
niggard. But this would not have developed the principle of
benevolence. While yet bearing their gifts to the mother
cluueh, Home financier might have said, " We should have more
to repair our synagogue with if Paul had not taken so much" ;
and possibly a Corinthian woman would think regretfully of

I lie gewgaws she could wear to a near festival or Grecian game

II her feelings had not got the better of her covetousness. Thus
they would learn to giiard against the next agent, and the agent,
on the other hand, would find Corinth a hard field. But the

18/6.] Giving as an Act of Worship, 49

system of weekly offerings makes benevolence a principle, not
an impulse ; and thus giving becomes one of the greatest lux-
uries of the Christian. A wise investment for the Lord gives
Him more joy than the most successful business venture. The
conflict with greed, which is a life-long, wretched, and unsuc-
cessful warfare with many, is ended, the victory is gained, and
peace is forever ratified, when one accepts from his heart Paul's
rule of giving.

Let this weekly, systematic giving become the rule of Chris-
tendom, and let the measure of giving be as the Lord has pros-
pered, and the financial distress of the church will be removed
forever. Our benevolent societies, that now stand like worthy
mendicants with empty palms extended, will then be putting
their hands deep into pockets that are always full. The church
has money enough to carry forward every church enterprise.
Its folly fund is large enough ; its vanity fund is large enough ;
its fine-linen-and-fare-sumptuously-every-day fund is large
enough ; its bill for tobacco is large enough : but its benevo-
lent fund is too small As Dr. Hamlin has just said at Ando-
ver, " Our costly living trenches upon the spiritual life." To
meet this question of benevolence " is to solve the problem of
the world's evangelization." It will be met only by returning
to the apostolical teaching on this point. Wherever this Bible
system of giving has been tried, whether in the early or modern
church, it has been, as God's plans are apt to be, successful.
Without multiplying instances, let this only be mentioned :
When, in 1842, the Free Church of Scotland was by a quick
stroke cut off from governmental support, and had at once to
provide for church buildings, manses, salaries, schools, colleges,
the poor, church extension at home, foreign missions and all,
it did so by returning to Paul's system of weekly offerings.
Chalmers, following Paul, rescued the church from financial
ruin. And no wonder, for the soundest principles of political
economy are back of the Pauline precept. Every match that
is struck pays a small tribute to the Government. It is not
much, — only a portion of a mill ; but the aggregate on all the
matches burned for a year is very great. In our late war, a
popular loan of five hundred millions, which the Government
could not move in the mass, was readily cared for by the peo-

ilCOND SK&UIS. — VOUVIIL VO, I. 4

50 Giving as an Act of Worship. [Jan.

pie when taken in small sums. " Little drops of water and
little grains of sand " talk to us in the economics of benevo-
lence. It is strange that, in the matter of Christian charity, we
have so forgotten, not only the Bible, but also first principles.
As with other backsliders, our only safety is in a return.

A most important clause irt this precept has been hardly
touched upon ; it is this : " According as God has prospered."
We are instructed not only in method, but also in measure.
One may give every week, but never give enough. Does the
Bible help us in determining the proportion to be given 1

It may be said, very briefly, that the rule of the tenth was
known before Moses or Jacob or Abraham ; it is found, like
the decimal system, among ancient nations that had no com-
merce or acquaintance with each other, and seems to have been
a part of an original revelation ; that this rule was enlarged,
and then enjoined upon the Jews, so that they seem regularly
to have given not less than one fifth, some say one third ; and
besides this ordinary offering, they added on special occasions,
as when they set up the Tabernacle and Temple, large and
costly free-will offerings.

Passing from Judaism to Christianity, where the stress is
thrown on the spirit and not on the letter, it is right to ask. Is
Christian love less potential than law .? Are we not constrained
to do as much as Moses commanded ? Has Christianity tar-
nished a grace and degraded a duty ? May a Christian, in the
sweet grace of charity, stand behind a Jew and be hidden in
his shadow? To ask these questions is to answer them.
The apostolic church did not lag behind Judaism, nor may we.
In ordinary circumstances, to give " according as the Lord has
prospered," we cannot think is to give less than a tenth. In
certain cases David may eat the shew-bread, and in certain
cases we may eat all our loaf and not spare a crumb. But the
Bible spirit, as well as the Bible teaching, would, we think, put
the tenth as the minimum ; and this doctrine should be our
rule both in preaching and practice. It has not been written
in vain that " when ye take of the children of Israel the tithe
which I have given you from them, ye shall offer a heave-offer-
ing of it for the Lord, even one tenth of the tithe." To meet
the great question of beneficence versus covetousness, we

1876.] Giving as an Act of Worship. 51

need as much courage as it once took to preach old-fashioned
antislavery doctrine ; and to talk well we need to stand well
ourselves. This devil of greed will go out, if it go at all, wal-
lowing and foaming; but that is better than to be eternally
possessed.

We may well imitate Richard Baxter, who says, " My rule
has been to study to need as little as possible myself; to lay
out nothing on need-nots ; to live frugally on little ; to serve
God on what he allowed me : so that what I took for self
might be as much for the common good as that which I gave
to others, and then do all the good I could with the rest."
But in addition to example, we must preach. Our people must
know of the different departments of Christian beneficence.
The great causes of the church must be presented ; for with-
out knowledge there will be no interest, and without interest
there will be neither gifts nor prayers. Covetousness, which
is idolatry, though well-dressed, orthodox, and respectable, must
be shown to be a sin, and the sin that doth easily beset us.
The church has no more important work than to turn out this
ugly demon and put in its stead the benign and beautiful angel
of charity, who, indeed, begins her ministry at home, but does
not end it till it reaches the farthest lands and remotest isles.
To do this, we must return to the biblical principle of stated
and proportionate giving. It has been well said by a Scottish
writer that "the general adoption of this principle would
change the condition of the church and the world. The dis-
covery of the law of gravitation and the application of steam
have not produced a greater change on the philosophy and
physical condition of mankind, than the adoption of this rule
would effect on the life, energy, and usefulness of the church

of Christ."

H. S. Deforest.

Council Bluffs, Iowa,

52 Ccwvutiom rf Sim. jj

CONVICTION OF SIN.

The question is often asked, **Why do we not witness
such pungent conviction of sin as formerly ? " The inquiry
assumes that such a change has taken place ; it also seems
to carry the implication that this change is to be regretted.
The fact appears to be too obvious to be questioned. With
the feeling thus expressed some will strongly sympathize,
while others regard the transition as in the line of progress
from good to better.

The causes of this fact are not to be sought, of course, in
any change in human nature, nor yet in the truths which bear
upon us religiously. Man, constitutionally and naturally, is
what he ever has been, and so is Christianity what it was in
the beginning ; but a very great change has taken place in
what may be called the Christian atmosphere of the times.
Within the last fifty and especially thirty years a deep and
wide-spread revolution has been going on in the way in which
human duties towards God have been presented and His
claims enforced. It has not involved the denial, in orthodox
circles, of any generally received Christian doctrine ; but it has
so shifted the relative proportions of things, has so altered the
perspective of conceded facts in the spiritual sphere, as almost
to have amounted to a theological reconstruction. This is
not a superficial, conventional af&ir, the following of a new
fashion in Christian thought and action, at least, not this
controUingly. It comes of a new theory, not to say philoso-
phy, applied to old relations and truths ; it proposes a better,
not to say easier, method of meeting and satisfying an ad-
mitted and strongly felt necessity, — the reconciliation of men
to God in Christ

It does not indicate any serious drifting away from the
radical truth of the Christian religion, — that " except a man be
born again he cannot see the kingdom of God." In all our
churches, this declaration of our Lord is held in terms and in
reality ; yet the light which irradiates it has not the vividness,
the intenseness, of the former days. That cardinal doctrine of
deliverance from guilt and condemnation through the grace of
the Lord Jesus is approached, in our pulpits and other agen-

1876.] Qmviction of Sin, 53

cies of instruction and appeal, from a different side, to a great
extent, from what used to be the custom. At any rate, the
emphasis is very differently laid upon the inseparable truths
here involved. And this has been going on so long in ser-
mons, Sunday-school teaching, and popular Evangelical liter-
ature, that virtually one side of the truths thus related has
ceased to have any very active life in the general conscious-
ness.

The substance of salvation is a rescue of the soul from the
power and guilt of sin through the mercy of Christ The fact
of individual sinfulness and guiltiness constitutes the necessity
of this salvation. The earnestness with which this salvation
is sought will ordinarily be measured by the degree in which
this fact is realized. This fact of personal guiltiness and utter
spiritual ruin is realized under a clear and penetrating sense of
the constant obligation of the divine law upon the sinful and
sinning man ; under a true perception of the bearing of God's
holiness and justice upon such a life of persistent disobedience
and want of sympathy with Himself; moreover, under a vivid
revelation to the mind and to the moral sensibility of the
essential wickedness of declining the Christian discipleship, in
view of the exhibition of God's love as made by the work of
Christ and of the Holy Spirit in our behalf. Here is the basis
of the charge to ba brought against an unconverted sinner ;
here is the fact, the cause, the blame of his spiritual ruin,
his real and helpless death in transgression. His self-knowl-
edge of all this, with its appropriate feeling, is his conviction
of sin. Now, a conviction for sin into which a consciousness
of personal sinning but feebly enters will not be a very strin-
gent conviction. And if, through divine mercy, a child of
heaven is bom out of it, it probably will be only another added
to the long list of "unrecognized" if not "unrecognizable"
conversions.

It was said just now that while the same doctrines are
preached and taught among us, the emphasis laid upon them
has been very much changed ; in other words, the prominence
given to these central and vital truths of personal salvation
respectively has undergone a marked alteration. In the more
modern endeavors to bring sinners to take up the Christian

fCXS^M Jf JjML []\

:';5<-rr--r sr . >.— :e:;.«5i: ji. "ti* ^TES -5 3at laid. 35 bv tilC

~> it' :'. 7-t.- 'PfTTs ^^- ipon die utter and
v^TT^ ;^NCL Ji m inrhriarian lite.
3} iCL :o iOGw iuch people
TfTcn-bTiTnc^g, and so to
^ ' i : ?-r-. V:r-sr, n :iie "^ry xn^'iisn. n "he*.r aearts, as to
S--#r;.'^ .-. '^'. . i;r T':e ^iiri inn usv js Treil as benevolent
"'^.-'^ *-^-- ;' ':--i l.:r-: ^ lur ^^•nnTT»"- is j. legitimate and
jT^fT'T' . r,i-^.r.^ \i -rr.;r-n^ iizin. x: raentsncs. js by such
•fisr::?,^: :f' .-.e '\''.r-'^ i^ >-~L "Tirjjr. yecriecon. and the
r-tUrr .v%?.- itir T'lfT- :?!! :-ie jk^it'" inam jn riat side of

H#* .'.<••:;«:,. ,1 :{ V,/: ir.ti Tien ziey inucii:: intj the fcre-
^vrv, -,<. .:ey V'iTt L-r.rm.ioJ-- ii:uiir. ::ie personal rela-
-•r^ i '/ /^''•.:' v.e I':ir.i""- ^: :iir Jls^ TJinanirr. it was to
.ri:.»r •::' '« ' < iT"^ >.*',t:e "-le ir-JTunallr.' ir ue rsiection of a
*y" -'*. X •.".'%?r':i*r ir i rii:rx>:s Ljrl :y ±i:se wbcni He died to
vsr-.^t ;- -:.^;^. -: v::ji v.e i-ccTirtid :f rheir :riinary con-
Xr*:'ii^ ' r. i i -«:: . -. :he :r.c:-ui=.i si^c^ :i r±vvril seasons, the
.^Jii- *tV-,r 5i-, i.- i.^ :lte i-ri:rtner:iZi "^er^ :'.:iicenied. was to
fl^^i«sv •' '*' - ..-.:-*-. r.r-' :he ict ic -er^^zcLil riil: i5 a;£ainst God

' ^ ^ w *. •»

***:^ '^x'" •*: <.'*.'^ :r..t Spir>. it rr-ti ird zT:xi:e. T^^ey pursued
*A.* -A^-i-* %r. v-.-e icl.ca iT-d iiTily -y-.ii '21^ i«:horLty) that
tlw/ v ', '<'* wi-.M^; -whj zt:^i tleniselTes t!ius, will have no
'V^r. **• ,.'/ . ; ;. ■'■.^:.\ \r \ 'Jt. * 51 :ii.". ; b-i idlv ilev who are sick, and

jpV, l'^.. v'..^ ::,'i;r.:\'.v. Tiiev wez.: -z^ii cur Lirrd's statement

' ^ « *

t;-rA.t /;''=; '/trr.t^ r.'.t y> lal! ^3 rcjeniance the rli;h:eous in their
t/nr, '*;:;.^r'I, o.t ilr.ners, who. in the old phrase. ** felt the
V»^7, '^' ^t 'r.^rir ^^Trn heart." P«>ssibly, they did this too much,
*f^i ^.V/ fWA,\ \f/, irfifily in s-^rae other - terrors of the Lord."
!>: tr.;^ a^ it rnay, the general fact is unquestioned. They
h^[ kh kr, iU:, 9/A:iC will say, a morbid dread of false and insuf-
fu\^»t f.ortV':T<\on%, " Edwards on the Religious Affections"
^4% H U./.r'\/»ffk in all those good men's studies ; so was Flavel's
" K"!j/ifij^ the Heart" and "Touchstone of Sincerity/' and
All^:if»^:'ft "Alarm," and Baxter's " Call to the Unconverted"
Th^ry %\fj\\i*'A themselves in such vigorous literature, and repro-
ihurA it in t})cir ftcrmons and lectures and conversations. This
uvAiUi thf! rn?iriagcmcnt of a religious revival an affair of almost as
awJul »//lcmnity as the day of judgment They did not dare to

1876.] Conviction of Sin. 55

open the richness of Christ's assurances of pardon, the great and
precious promises of His grace whereby we become partakers
of the Divine nature, until they almost knew that the sorrow
of their penitents crying for mercy was the godly sorrow which
itself would not need to be repented of; until they saw the
bruised reed so nearly broken off that absolutely nothing short
of the sovereign hand of God could set it erect again. Thus
the line of dealing with the sinner was the nature, authority,
and moral claims of God, with not a little enforcement of the
direful consequences of neglecting those claims ; the dreadful
and literally damning guiltiness of every, the most reputable,
impenitent soul under this defalcation towards the Divine gov-
ernment and person, as aggravated also beyond computation
by the personal re-crucifying of Christ and resistance of the
Spirit of grace. Some of the most overpowering of those ear-
lier discourses were upon the sin against the Holy Ghost, as
a supreme crime which the sinners then present were in immi-
nent danger of committing. What we call the consolations and
encouragements of the gospel were largely kept for the edifica-
tion of the church and for the help of those in the deep waters
of spiritual anxiety, no little care being taken to remind the
careless that they had no part or lot in these matters. Here
was a high-toned fidelity to conscience beyond a question. If,
then, there was in those days a more thorough kind of convic-
tion of sin than we are generally conversant with, these obser-
vations will help us to one important cause, at least, of that
fact

This conclusion will be strengthened if, as already intimated,
we find a quite different method prevailing now of handling
this grave business of saving men. And here I hasten to dis-
claim any suggestion that the earlier habits of the pulpit, as
now set forth, have been altogether abandoned. So far from
this, it is true that not a few good exemplars of that mode of
preaching continue even unto this day. It is but just to the
facts to say that while some popular pulpits have done much to
set up a bad style of ministration here, and of course have had
a crowd of emulous imitators, the better religious judgment or
intuition of very many other ministers of the Word has been
the main agency in checking this drift into a boundless sea of

56 Conviction of Sin, U^^

theological mucilage. Nor is it true that all the old-fashioned
convictions of sin have ceased. There are many of these occur-
ring ; yet not very many in the ratio of the aggregate of declared
conversions. Of these exceptional cases I am not here treat-
ing, but of the general conditions of the subject. It does not
meet the case to say, as our progressive religious newspapers
sometimes do when interrogated on this point, that the same
old doctrines are still preached, but in a different way. This
was the ground taken a year or two since, in the Indepen-
dent^ in reply to some strictures by President Finney, particu-
larly of the published sermons from the Plymouth pulpit. I
have admitted that there has been no radical rejection of Evan-
gelical doctrines by our churches which profess that faith.
But this " different way " of their exhibition is the very point
of our inquiry. That difference between the present and the
past is not rhetorical as to phraseology or any matter of dress
or style in writing or speaking. This is not only well and
desirable, but necessary, as men's mental habits and modes of
conceiving things change in the advance and growth of per-
sonal and social life. The " different way " which concerns our
inquiry is this : a change in the relations and proportions of
these truths of redemption and salvation under which the mind
and heart, the conscience and the will, of the sinner are very
differently affected. What used to be kept in reserve to the
last is now kept constantly at the front, or rather is made to
fill the whole view of the soul in quest of religion. That is
Jesus the Christ, who is indeed and should be " first, midst,
and without end " in the Christian system. But it is Christ in
his wooing, winning, inviting aspects, who is now under a per-
petual setting-forth ; the gracious and graceful Christ pleading,
beseeching with the sinner to love Him. This is right and
scriptural in its proper distribution, but it is not the whole of
Scripture on this subject of " Christ and Him crucified." It is
neither right nor scriptural when so used, either inadvertently
or by design, as to obliterate or greatly to disguise the equal
fact that God " now commandeth all men everywhere to repent!*
laying it upon them as a duty by supreme authority, and not
merely inviting and coaxing them to the enjoyment of a privi-
lege ; claiming and demanding his rights as Sovereign of men,

1876.] Conviction of Sin. 57

and not simply urging His wishes for a reconciliation among the
discordant elements of His family. Nothing can be right or
sufficient, in fulfilling the office of an ambassador for Christ,
which fails to lay great stress on the personal sinfulness of the
unconverted, because neglecting his ever-binding obligation to
break off his sins by righteousness, and his iniquities by turning
unto the Lord, in a thorough repentance, and a hearty trust for
absolution and grace in the Lord Jesus Christ. That trust in
Christ must find its only real meaning in a conviction of utter
ruin in sins without His interposition. It is useless to tell any
person to believe in Jesus for salvation who is not conscious
of condemnation, and penitent because of it " We should
endeavor to bring sinners," says Dr. Payson, "to the same
point to which God would bring them. This point is a com-
plete self-despair, and hope in Christ." So Dr. Parker, on the
" Convictive Work of the Holy Spirit," in the Paraclete : —

" The Holy Ghost will so vividly and thoroughly show the nature of sin
that those who thought themselves the best examples of human society
will be afflicted with the keenest compunction, because of what they know
themselves to be in the presence of God. It will no longer be a question
of comparison as between one class and another, or between one man and
another ; the judgment will lie wholly between man and God. . . . This
is the conviction of sin which the Spirit of God is to work in hearts which
have not believed in the Saviour of the world. Jesus Christ cannot be
understood until sin is understood. . . . Everything, therefore, is
made to depend upon conviction. Where there is no conviction, there will
be no pressure of necessity. . . • Jesus Christ awaits the demands of
spiritual necessity. . . . The Spirit of truth (He says) will give you
such views of the sinfulness of sin, and show you so clearly the true con-
dition of your own hearts, that under His ministry you will cry out for medi-
ation, and remember in the anguish of your pain that you would * not come
unto Me that you might have life.' "

" So far as my own experience goes," says Dr. Todd,^ " It is
well to bring the awakened sinner at once to the bar of God,
and make him see how he looks in his sight. The difficulty
is,* that they mistake impression for conviction. It is the rock
on which multitudes split."

If it were true that the people generally, under the ordinary
Sabbath ministrations, had been instructed up to the point of

* Life of John Todd, p. 269.

S8 Conviction of Sin, [Jan.

a deep persuasion of their individual sinfulness, their actual
spiritual ruin, less stress might be laid, in any special effort
for their conversion, upon this fact. But the simple truth is
that nothing lies more dimly and fictitiously in the general
moral sense of the educated and ignorant alike of the impeni-
tent, than this conviction, even intellectually, of their guilty
death in sin. They have no proper consciousness of it. It
has lapsed, if it ever has been a common conviction, under
various causes. This is partly due to the increase of the
liberalizing element in the culture of the times, making itself
felt in the popular secular and religious literature, the period-
ical emphatically, of our day. Hawthorne's " Dr. Smooth-it-
away " has been very busy in all these years, turning sin into
misfortune, and shifting what little blame might adhere to
this upon the broad shoulders of circumstances. The scien-
tific tendency of the age fosters this decadence of a sense of
individual accountability. Our juvenile religious literature, in
fiction and in verse, has worked efficiently towards the same
result in other ways. Didactically, it has had in it almost no
solid grounding in the thought of human wickedness and
guilt, and has expended its force (if that word be allowable in
such a connection) in trying to induce the young to become
Christians, or to be good and pious, with a painful lack of
definiteness in the understanding of these terms. So a large
percentage of the Sunday-school talking, by experts in that
line, has been alike vapory and uninstructive, and some of it
positively misleading. Musically, we have been singing our
young people, for twenty years or more, into the feeling that
they are in bulk a troop of pilgrims on their way to heaven,
just ready to stand up with the angels ; that religion practi-
cally to them is to go to Sunday-school, and always to Sunday-
school concerts, and that this is a work for Christ which
fairly entitles them to go up higher by and by. This reading
and singing of the most self-flattering fiction, often as irrever-
ent as it is twaddling, has almost destroyed a sense of indi-
vidual guiltiness, and of respect for piety itself, in our
unconverted youth. They generally suppose that they love
the Saviour, as do the most of their irreligious elders also ;
and that all personal appeals to them in this direction mean

1876.] Conviction of Sin, 59

merely that they should give this love a somewhat more de-
monstrative manifestation.^

Under these conditions of the unconverted community it
ceases to be surprising that accessions to the ranks of our
Lord's disciples are not attended with the marked contrasts of
personal experience, in the new birth, which formerly were
common. These conversions, for all that, may be genuine, in
a fair proportion of cases ; that is, they may secure salvation,
though laying a very slender basis of a noble Christian man-
hood and an effective Christian service. It is not insisted
that a great amount of distress, or a long-protracted suffering
of this, is essential to a true regeneration. It is not believed
by the present writer that this is so. There surely is no
virtue or value in such suffering in itself; nothing in it
agreeable to the Lord ; nor is it doubted at all that much
the most vivid consciousness of personal guiltiness often
comes to the soul after its submission to God, and in connec-
tion with a clear evidence of its acceptance through Christ.
Still, whatever else may be true in this matter, this is certain,
that Christ's grace will be sought with no appropriate earnest-
ness by any one who does not know and feel that he is so
guilty before God as to deserve no saving grace, however
much he may think that he desires it. This may be clearly
yet quite calmly perceived and realized, in temperaments
especially of an unexcitable cast. The earnest asking, seek-
ing, knocking, so earnest that it will not turn back empty-
handed from its quest, need not be, and sometimes is not, a
very impassioned or agitating endeavor ; but as a general rule
operating steadily, where there is a vivid insight of personal sin
and guilt and condemnation, there will be a sharp though
perhaps brief sense of spiritual pain. Even in most instances
of what we now call early conversion, there is sufficient ground

1 In a church in Springfield, Mass., during a special religious awakening, a
stranger arose in a Conference ipeeting, and in a very old-fashioned accent and
style of speech, blurted out, " When I ■ was a boy, they used to preach, * Re-
pent, or you will be damned I ' and when they sung, it was such hymns as
' Broad is the road that leads to death/ and, * That awful day will surely come ! *
but now they don't do much of anything but say, * Come to Jesus, come to
Jesus,* and sing, * We arc waiting by the river,' " Rather an extravagant way of
telling a considerable amount of truth.

Go Conviction of Sin. [Jan,

for a distinctly experienced conviction of individual sinfulness,
marked cases of which, where there has been no childish
viciousness, are frequent. Where this renewal to spiritual life
takes place anterior to the point of definite recollection, of
which we also have undoubted examples, this consciousness
of indwelling iniquity and individual blame can only be a part
of the self-knowledge of the regenerate life, as it ever is where
this life is genuine.

Unfortunately, there will be enough adult sinners for a long
time yet to come to give practical importance of a very urgent
kind to the topic discussed in this article. Church members
may be multipKed indefinitely by forcing superficial conver-
sions, but neither strength nor beauty will so be given to our
Lord's kingdom among men. But the day should soon come
— it should have come throughout Christendom long ago —
when the thought just before suggested should so gather about
it the paramount interest of all Christians that the matter of
the conviction and conversion of irreligious men and women
shall not be regarded as the main work of the church, at least
in lands illumined by the gospel. These must never be De-
lected ; yet the true doctrine of the Christian ingathering ii,
the salvation of childhood, the infolding of the lambs under the '
Good Shepherd's care too soon to have a personal experience i
of wilful disobedience to His pleasure, of obstinate v
from His control. The thought which our Lord embodies
and expressed in His gracious benediction, " Suffer little chirf
dren to come unto me, and forbid them not, for of such is tlifl
kingdom of heaven," carries this truth, and should make itt!
working rule of His followers, — that conversion to Him &
so antedate a life of sinning that there should be aa dis
remembrance of any such life. No church has learned its r

commission from its Lord which Ii

placed it at the forefront of its ac^^^^^k^^f ChUdhoo^

must be nurtured into |

family and the church, to g

triumphs in the earth. .

prayers and the aj

friends, His Holy S

little ones, like youoj

1876.] Conviction of Sin. 61

too infantile to leave on their minds and hearts the traces of
any conscious resistance of that good Spirit's influence, then we
may be permitted to look upon a true conviction of sin, not as,
for the most part, a preliminary of Christian regeneration, but
rather as an after proof of the soul's new birth into the king-
dom of God.

A remark made by Dr. Rufus Anderson with respect to
converts from heathenism, deserves consideration, in connec-
tion particularly with the religious exercises of children, and
of persons who have had but little Christian instruction.
Writing of the missionaries among the Mahrattas, he says,'
"Coming from a country where Edwards, Hopkins, Bellamy,
and Dwight were master-spirits in theology, they, perhaps, had
too much distrusted the native experience, where love, conso-
lation, and Joy were out of proportion to conviction of sin. But
a more careful perusal of the history of the primitive churches,
and the Epistles of John, in connection with the living mani-
festations of God's grace in Oriental converts, had produced
the conviction that true piety, in some of its beautiful develop-
ments, may exist among them with either form of experience."
No one can doubt the truth of this conclusion. But if there
ire any marked differences, as here suggested, between the
Johannean and the Pauline types of conviclion of sin, iha! which,
in our age and among the unconverted of our Christian i
gregations, especially at the present time, should, if possible^
be secured, is this : " For I was alive without the law once;
bot when the commandment came, sin revived, and I died."
J. T. TooEo.

P, M. in India, pfL 14^ stL

62

Comparative Statistics.

[Jan.

COMPARATIVE STATISTICS.

TABLE I. — Ministers, Churchbs, Baptisms, and Sabbath Schools.

BaptiaU

OongregationalisU
Episcopalians . •

Presbyterians • .

ToUl

S

a

3

a
o
o

13,354
. 3,300

8,187
10,923

4.706

35,470

258

322

12,881

804

13,765

o

9

21,510
3,438
2,751

15,6^53*
4,999

1,761.171
838,313
282,859

1,588,550
506,034

48,331

4,476,427

•

•

m

•

•

B S

Si B

» B

1 ^

•a 3

|5

^i

102,496

5,184

8.743

13,927

28,659

6,236

38,671

68,218

66,712

124,930

17,694

10,646

28,340

109,755

92,337

308,864

S S
II

n6,647
401,888
834,507
1,618,850
620,452

8,580,704

* Churchcfl as reported by the Methodists denote houses of worship.

TABLE II. — Benevolent Contributions and Parish Expenses.

BtptlsU.

Confr'naliati
Epiicop'ns,
Method UU,
Preibyt'ni,

Total,

-J

(Jbi

41.717

fll,32fl
277.001

fW.O-.'l
476,Oi«

14.70,729 tl,770,Gi)(<

S

n,4»s

44,IJH

44,58.'

1373,811

4

a

11

t5oe.9ert

r.l7,«48
845,<WU
0U1.AH

II

p a

•101.097

98,4^8

*l.«77

40.(100

881.424

|l,U8i.ll» |G7i,G8t;

ii
Hi

#71,220 12,883,938
d.880 414,00)

I S.37»i.071

»4,250 L'VJJ.Wl
6l,*J4 1,054,183

^8

•4,002.834
l.r)i8,&S2

2jn7,»IS
2,723,0IW

|lCi,704 19,049, l»3i# 14,442,016

S o

* M

H

•

1,388,446

2.I8S,.S89

1I.S13.678

6.908,i26

$2lJ3SfiaU

•4,ooin4

S.Ot;.Q88

£,988.008

1S,»U9I

•36,18UIB8

NOTES ON THE ABOVE TABLES.

1. The figures are taken from actual returns, and are not In any case estimated by the com-
piler.

2. The chief source of imperfection in the above arises from the incompleteness of the
returns made by the difiierent denominations. Thus, out of 3,439 Congregational churches,
only 2,418 made report of tholr benevolent contributions, but these reports are supplemented
somewhat by the reports of our own denominational societies.

8. These statistics are given in their present imperfect form because they are the beat prac
tioable at the present time. If we refuse to publish until we can secure perfect returns, we
shall never begin. The Episcopalians give the most complete returns as to benevolent contri*
butlons, and hence the report is relatively favorable to them.

4. Probnblythe entire amount given annually by these five denominations to benevolent
objects Is not far from $20,003,000.

6. It will be noticed that the Oongregatlonallsts give the most for Foreign Missions and the
leavt for Home Missions, of an> of the denominations. The Methodists and the Presbyterians
give the most for church erection, and the CongregaUonalists the most for the Frvedmen.

0.0.

1876.] Congregational Necrology, 63

CONGREGATIONAL NECROLOGY.

Rev. David Bancroft died at Prescott, Mass., March 11, 1875.
He was bom in Rindge, N. H., Feb. 10, 1809, but was reared at
Grafton, Vt, whither his father removed in 181 1. He was the son
of David and Susan (Messenger) Bancroft His father came up to
manhood under the ministry of Rev. Seth Payson, the father of
Dr. Edward Payson, the latter being his school-fellow and life-long
firiend. Here was a touch of influence that left in Mr. Bancroft a
tinge of character, manifest in his special fervor and fidelity as a
Clu'istian minister ; for the name of Payson was to him a household
word from his earliest day.

Passing his first sixteen years at home, he was then apprenticed
to an uncle in Worcester, Mass., to learn the trade of mason. But
his strength did not prove equal to the undertaking. He soon relin-
quished it, having gained, however, in the attempt that turn for handi-
craft so noticeable in the higher work of after years.

Then came, in his seventeenth year, what resulted in the most
important event of his life — his engagement as clerk with Everett &
Bruce, an excellent dry-goods house of Cambridgeport, Mass. Here,
in a region at that time (1825) of spiritual darkness, he was led by
a way that he knew not. His home training and instincts craved
Evangelical teaching. His employers happily favored him in this
respect. A physician in charge of a private hospital at that point
was of the same mind. So young Bancroft pushed his way on Sab-
baths into Boston, to hear Dr. Beecher at Hanover Streiet. The
physician was at pains and expense to take his patients to the same
place of worship. Then at length the physician was saying to Dr.
Beecher, "Come out to Cambcidge and give us an evening lecture."
TTie lecture was established, and so well attended for a series of
evenings, and with such interest, that Dr. Beecher proposed to meet
all inquirers by special appointment. When the hour arrived the
next week, there were some three hundred persons about the door
of the hall awaiting entrance. The janitor arriving, said, such num-
bers showed some misapprehension probably of the object of the
meeting. Dr. Beecher, coming at the instant, replied, "Not so ; let
the people go in." The seats were at once filled, and the doctor
remarked, after stating the character of the meeting, that if any one
was there by mistake he would of course feel at liberty to withdraw.
But a single person left the room. The result finally was that in a few
months conversions were multiplied and the foundations of churches

64 Congregational Necrology. [Jan.

laid. Young Bancroft was among the first to believe, and those
remarkable scenes at once kindled in him the ardor and schooled him
into the habits of the zealous, life-long worker for souls.

It was quite a matter of course, then, that Mr. Bancroft was soon
making it known that he had thoughts of preparation for the ministry
of the gospel. His employers delighted in his Christian zeal, yet
wished to retain his valuable services in their business, and offered
him larger wages j and when, two years after his conversion, he left
them to fit for college, they insisted on his selecting from their stock
of goods enough for several suits of clothing of the best material, a
provision that actually lasted through college and the theological
seminary, so that long after his marriage and settlement he was
wearing with grateful pride the cloth of Everett & Bruce.

He graduated at Amherst College in 1835 and from the Theologi-
cal Institute of Connecticut in 1838. He was found laboring at once
at Willington, Conn., where, Oct. 21, 1839, he was ordained to a
pastorate of nearly twenty years, closing Jan. i, 1858. From Wil-
lington he went to Prescott, Mass., to a second pastorate of about
sixteen years, commencing June 3, 1858.

Jan. 15, 1839, he was united in marriage with Miss Sarah Roselle
Perrin, of East Windsor Hill, Conn., who survives him. Their chil-
dren were three sons, of whom two survive, one having died in
infancy.

His two pastorates, it will be seen, filled out almost the entire
thirty-seven years of his work in the ministry. Both pastorates, also,
gave him the honor of that noblest class of workers who willingly
take for the work of life " the old wastes." He wears, unsought,
the prophetic title, " the repairer of the breach, the restorer of paths
to dwell in." In a letter of his from his last feeble parish among
the hills, he writes, "The population but flows in to flow out
We can quite readily think of more than three times our average
congregation who have gone from the place during the fifteen years
since we came here." But he knew, if the little city on the hill-top
could hold its position, it could not be hid ; and that, though its
children were scattering far and wide as they came of age, they
flourished elsewhere, in wider fields, as " grass of the earth.''

For such struggling parishes Mr. Bancroft had the fit capacity
and not alone the ready mind. His godly living and his pastoral
fidelity had the magnetism of a quick and penetrating sympathy.
To children, especially, he was all attraction and confidence. He
had a peculiar talent for construction ; he could build, whether in
things material or spiritual. The comprehensive plan and all the

1876.] Congregational Necrology. 65

details were in him. Putting his own hand to the work devised,
with the generosity of his own self-sacrifice he surprised the poor
with the " riches of their liberality," and provoked, not to say com-
manded, the bounty of the rich. Monuments of this are standing
in the renovated sanctuary of his first parish, the fruit of shrewd,
patient Christian management, and in the fine parsonage of his last
charge and its church grounds, well fenced and garnished, even to
the model barn and the line of comfortable horse-sheds. These
last illustrate the manner of all such achievements of his, in his
proposal to finish one shed on his own account, and be bound for
nails, if the people would pledge the lumber and work for all the
rest But he equally excelled as a spiritual workman. It was
given him to be wise in building up '* lively stones " into the spir-
itual house.

Death found him with his hands full of his work, in the heat and
burden of the day. In the midst of a work of grace, expecting to
welcome a band of converts to their first communion, he was sum-
moned to go and wait with his Lord to receive them into everlasting
habitations. Cheerfully he made the sudden exchange of service
for his Master. R. m.

Mrs. Elvira (Corbin) Curtiss, wife of Rev. George Curtiss,
pastor of the Congregational Church in Harwinton, Conn., died in
that town, April 17, 1875. She was the daughter of Healy and
Nancy (Coy) Corbin, was born in Union, Conn., June 14, 1838,
united with the Congregational Church in that place at the age of
fourteen years, and was married Jan. 13, 1864. She leaves four
children, the oldest of whom is but nine years of age. The greater
part of her married life was spent in Avon, Conn., and in Har-
winton.

Mrs. Curtiss was a remarkably amiable and devoted woman. In
early childhood she had high aims in life, a serious mind, and in her
youth manifested great perseverance in the accomplishment of her
purposes. These traits appeared still more conspicuously in after
life, when, as wife and mother, graver responsibilities rested upon
her. To her husband she was an invaluable helper. Most touch-
ing indeed were her exertions, ingenuities, and self-denials to secure
for him the means of the highest personal improvement and minis-
terial success. Her devotion to her children was equally beautiful,
as she sought to shape them to her own high ideals. As a reward
in this life, she had the joy of seeing the oldest confess Christ
before men.

SECOND SXRIIS. — VOL. VHI. NO. I. C

66 Congregational Necrology. [Jaii.

She loved the Redeemer's kingdom, and an ardent desire of her
soul was while administering the home, to know just how to pray for
the advance of that kingdom in the parish.

Her sweetness of disposition, her patience and hopefulness, won
all hearts. Sad and tearful was the scene in the Sunday congrega-
tion, when, without being at all prepared for such a message, they
were informed that Mrs. Curtiss was dead.

With a true Christian heroism she met the work of life, and with-
out a fear she met the King of Terrors. She often spoke of death ;
was apprehensive that she might die suddenly, and conducted her
household affairs with that probability in view. And when the hour
came she was ready : she had nothing to do but resign her beloved
husband and her tender babes, the people also whom she loved, to
God's kind care, and enter upon her reward. j. w. b.

Mrs. Maria (Tyler) Herrick died at Minneapolis, Minn.,
May 2, 1875, a little more than seventy- six years old. She was not
the wife of a minister, but the mother of several, viz. Rev. W. T. H.,
of West Charleston, Vt., J. R. H.,now of South Hadley, Mass., and
Rev. Geo. T. Herrick, missionary at Constantinople. Her daughter,
Harriet J., also married a minister. Rev. L. H. Cobb, superintendent
of Home Missions in Minnesota. One other son still lives, L. E.
Herrick, of Rockford, 111. Two children died in infancy, and
her oldest daughter, Mary M., at the age of twenty-five, having been
for years an invalid, but from the age of eleven a remarkable
example of intelligent, persuasive piety. Her husband, Russell Her-
rick, died in Springfield, Vt, in 1S68, and she had recently removed
to Minneapolis to be with her only daughter.

Her parents were William and Louisa (Marsh) Tyler. She was
bom at Litchfield, Conn., Dec. 14, 1798, educated in the common
schools of the town, and married in February, 181 7.

What especially distinguished Mrs. Herrick was her strong faith
and her habit of prayer.

Her six children, who lived beyond the period of infancy, were
all hopefully converted, and brought into the church early in life, —
a fact which they have uniformly regarded as due, under God, to
their mother's faith and prayer. She felt responsible for the early
conversion and future life of usefulness of each child, and her con-
viction of the necessity and possibility of an immediate renewal and
consecration she impressed on her children, one by one. She
prayed for her youngest, when eight years old, as before for all the
rest : " Grant, O Lord^ I pray Thee, that he may be clothed with

1876.] Congregational Necrology. 67

the righteousness of Christ ; that he may be careful to shun the very
appearance of evil ; that he may be a child after Thine own heart,
and delight to do Thy will, and that he may be a pillar in the
church of the living God." Although an early riser and always full
of household cares, it appears from her papers that she prayed for
husband and children, each by name, before rising. The following,
taken from the same, may illustrate how she aimed to have her
daily life a walk with God : " Do, Father, grant me all the strength
I need to perform the duties of the day. May I have prudence and
patience to meet all the ills of life with Christian submission and
resignation to my Heavenly Father's will, ever having a realizing
sense of my entire dependence on Thee, my God."

The prayers offered with and for her children, during the period
of their youth and her greatest vigor, they remember as among the
most importunate they ever heard. These prayers, borne to heaven
on the wings of a devout faith, are still cherished by them as the
richest legacy of their mother, now in one of the mansions spoken
of in her favorite 14th of John. j. r. h.

Rev. David Kimball died in Rockford, 111., Feb. 8, 1875. He
was the son of Rev. David and Priscilla (Herrick) Kimball, and
was born in Hopkinton, N. H., March 18, 1791. His mother was
early left a widow in moderate circumstances, with several small
children. Three of her sons afterwards became ministers. David
was apprenticed to the printing business until the morning of his
twenty-first birthday, when he rose early, and walked forty miles to
Andover to commence fitting for college in Phillips Academy.
While an apprentice at Concord, N. H., he had united with the
church then under the pastoral care of the Rev. Dr. McFarland.
He entered Yale College in the fall of 18 14. The writer, who was
his classmate seven years, and the first year at Andover his room-
mate, remembers how bravely Mr. Kimball struggled with poverty in
college, working at his trade in vacations, when his classmates were
away recruiting ; but the discipline, though severe, fitted him for the
hard service before him in professional life.

Immediately upon graduation he went to the Andover Theologi-
cal Seminary. Here he excelled especially in Hebrew, but his
roommate was in the secret that his future ** helpmeet," who resided
with her parents on Andover Hill, helped him dig Hebrew roots.
On his graduation at Andover in 182 1 he was invited to preach in
the Bleecker-street Church in New York City, but he preferred to
accept another invitation to take the pastorate of two churches in

68 Congregational Necrology. [Jan-

Lewis County, N. Y., one of them in Marti nsburg and the other in
Lowville, four and a half miles apart. He was ordained and
installed at Marlinsburg by Presbytery, June 27, 1822. His labors
were very onerous, as part of the time there was no other settled
pastor in the county, and he was sent for far and near to perform
pastoral duties, besides preaching three times regularly every Sab-
bath and holding meetings during the week in both parishes. On
one occasion he rode eleven miles where there was only a bridle-
path through a dense forest to attend the funeral of a child. He
was a faithful pastor, and he seemed ever mindful of the direction
of the good Shepherd, " Feed my lambs." He was very particular
to notice children as he passed them in the street whether he was
walking or riding.

Soon after leaving his first field of labor in 183 1, he was settled
as a colleague with Father Hallock, of Plainfield, Mass., where he
remained five years. Seeing a paper for sale which was the reli-
gious organ of New Hampshire, and thinking that he could preach
to a larger number from the press than from the pulpit, he removed
to Concord, N. H., and edited the paper there, where he had spent
many of his early days. After editing the Congregational journal in
Concord for several years, wishing to educate three sons in Dart-
mouth College, he removed to Hanover, purchased the Dartmouth
press, and did the college printing during the week and supplied
neighboring destitute churches on the Sabbath. At the age of
seventy-six, feeling the effects of such constant labor, he removed to
Rockford, 111., in 1867. Here he enjoyed comparative quiet, having
some peculiar trials, however ; he was usually punctual in attend-
ance at church and prayer-meetings, often speaking in them in a
pithy, pointed manner, as was repeatedly marked by the hearers.
He continued to use his pen, often writing for the papers in the
same clear, concise style which characterized his first well-remem-
bered sermon in the Andover Chapel. He abhorred through life
expletives and enfeebling adjectives. He never buried his thoughts
in verbiage.

His love for reading the Bible in the languages in which it was
first written he cherished to the end. He was in the habit of daily
reading the Greek Testament, and he often read in family worship
from the Greek, translating as he proceeded. Having been troubled
with sciatica, he rose on the morning of the 8th of February, dressed,
and sat in his arm-chair before the stove. He attended family
prayers, and was then left alone, when a very strange noise was
heard issuing from his room. On opening the door he was found

1876.] Congregational Necrology. 69

prostrate upon the floor. He gave one faint gasp, and ceksed to
breathe. The pulse of life stood still.

** Snatched in a moment to the skies.
Unconscious he resigned his breath,
Nor felt the bitterness of death.**

His remains were conveyed to the Second Congregational Church
of Rockford, where the pastor, Rev. F. P. Woodbury, preached
from 2 Cor. v, i. Upon the stone which marks his resting place
is inscribed ^^ Emigravit^^ "the Christian never dies."

Mr. Kimball married, Aug. 6, 1822, Miss Elizabeth Epes Carter,
of Newburyport, Mass. Of their seven children, five sons and two
daughters, four sons preceded their father to the spirit land.

• L« S*

Rev. Edward Goddard Miner died at Geneva Lake, Wis., July
4, 1875, in his fifty-first year. He was the son of Benjamin Franklin
and Henrietta (Fuller) Miner, and was born in Roxbury, Mass.,
Sept 21, 1824.

His parents were both professors of religion, his father being con-
nected with a Unitarian church until the last three years of his life,
when he came into the cordial embrace of Evangelical views. They
removed to Boston about six years after the birth of their son, and
it was not till then that he was presented by his mother for baptism,
in the Old South Church, the ordinance being administered by Dr.
Wisner, — a scene which he ever retained in memory. His mother
was a woman of ardent piety, and moulded the character of her son.
When he was fifteen years of age he united with the Essex-street
Church, under the ministry of Rev. Dr. Nehemiah Adams. His father
had died just previous, being killed by an accident at Liverpool, Eng-
land, his occupation being that of a sea-captain. He was a very pure
man in bis habits, using neither liquor nor tobacco. His mother died
about eighteen months later, in her last moments expressing a desire
that he might enter the gospel ministry. This was encouraged by
his pastor. Dr. Adams, who heard him recite his Latin and Greek at
his own house for a time, till he went to Phillips Academy at An-
dover, where he remained two years, and then passed to Harvard
College, where he was graduated with the Class of 1847. Having
spent a year in teaching, he pursued theological studies at Andover
Seminary for three years, finishing his course with the Class of 185 1.
His mind turned at once to the West, and thither he went with a
commission from the A. H. M. Society, and found his first settlement
in Prairie du Sac, Wis.

70 Congregational Necrology. [Jan.

He was ordained Feb. 12, 1852. He married, May 5, 1853, Miss
Phebe Caroline Clark, of Baraboo, Wis.

He labored at Prairie du Sac for two and a half years, till his
health broke down under an exposure in crossing the prairie. For
six months he ceased his pulpit labors, and then for four months
assisted Rev. Z M. Humphrey, at Racine, Wis., after which he was
called to Geneva, Wis., and continued there till bis health again gave
way, at the end of two years. Seeking to recover it, he preached in
Minnesota, at various points, till September, 1858, when he accepted a
call to Whitewater, Wis. There he remained, in most happy pastoral
relations, until October, 1866, with a constant religious interest among
the people, which culminated in two special revivals. During his
pastorate, one hundred and ninety-six members were added to the
church. Strength yielding to multiplied labors, he employed himself
for a year in discharging the duties of the Professor of Rhetoric and
English Literature in Beloit College, and then returned to a ministry
at Geneva, Wis., where he continued his work for eight years longer,
under the drawback of infirm health, which finally compelled his
resignation in March, 1875. His protracted illness, attended with
much pain of body and weariness of mind, was borne with remark-
able patience and entire resignation to the Divine will.

Mr. Miner was a scholarly and cultured man. He kept up through
life an acquaintance with the progress of thought in all departments.
This gave him intelligence and breadth of mind, so that his preach-
ing was instructive to the intellect as well as exciting to the emo-
tions. His discourses were of a high order. He was a lover of
beauty in all forms of nature and of art, and some of the descrip-
tive passages in his sermons were of a masterly character.

But the charm of his preaching, as of his character, was its
spirituality. He was a pure-minded, consecrated minister of Jesus
Christ, and seldom does a preacher, in so marked a manner, combine
the intellectual with the spiritual, the philosophic with the evan-
gelical, the doctrinal with the vital.

He left to mourn their loss, a wife, two sons, and two daughters,
having buried two daughters at Whitewater, beside whose remains
his own are laid.

w, w, p.

18/6.] Literary Review. 71

LITERARY REVIEW.

THEOLOGICAL AND RELIGIOUS.

It is a significant fact that Christianity has come out with positively
augmented strength from every great conflict with adversaries resolved to
overthrow it. This advantage has not, indeed, been gained without pain-
fol cost The late rationalistic onset, for instance, in its development
and decline, has covered half a century, and there was a considerable
period during which neology in Germany seemed to have wellnigh
carried all before it and to reign triumphant, with slight exception, in all
the universities. It is certainly sad to think of the tens of thousands
whose faith suffered shipwreck in this long-drawn battle. On that side
the ^ew is a melancholy one ; but on the other side, nothing is more
certain than that Christianity has been placed in a far more advantageous
position, as the final result of the contest.

It is already apparent that the so-called scientific scepticism of to-day
is destined to confer a similar benefit on the Christian revelation. In
transgressing the proper boundaries of science, and assuming for mere
guesses the authority of facts, the leaders of the materialistic unbelief
have placed themselves in a position that cannot by any possibility be
maintained. Reason and all the intuitions of the soul, consciousness
and all the moral perceptions, must be utterly subverted before the great
First Cause — intelligent, free, creative — can be shut out of the universe.
This form of scepticism, born of pseudo-science, already finds its tide of
apparent success turning. Reason and religion alike abjure it.

The Philosophy of Natural Theology ^ — an Oxford prize essay by the
Rev. William Jackson, m. a., f. s. a. — is one of the ablest of the replies
that the materialistic discussion has called forth. It is a searching in-
quiry into the validity of the argument for a personal and intelligent God,
and the possibility of a science of natural theology, drawn from the indica-
tions of design and final causes in nature. The author, when a young
Oxonian, as he tells us, had first suggested to his mind the line of argu-
ment unfolded in the present essay. " What I then thought, its special
strength," he says, 'May in the point of combining two totally different
kinds of proof, — one drawn from a survey of the world we live in, the
other from what is nearer to ourselves, the moral truth given us by our
personal consciousness. I also thought that any particular weakness
alleged against one proof could not be incident to the other ; and there-
fore, that since both lines of evidence (kept apart while under examination)
met at last in one and the same result, my inquiry had arrived at a demon-
strably certain conclusion."

Confirmed in this general view by subsequent thought and study, the
author presented an epitome of the argument so conceived in a sermon

1 A. D. F. Randolph & Ca See Quarterly for 1875, p. 443.

72 Literary Review. Usn*

preached before the University of Oxford in 1870. The offer of a prize
soon after, led him to expand and elaborate it into the form in which it
stands in the volume before us. The general character of the work will
be indicated by the titles of the successive chapters. The first is " Intro-
ductory," that is, it explains the proposed method of conducting the
argument. Next follows "The Philosophy of Design." Then "The
Conditions of Human Knowledge." Fourth, "The Beliefs of Reason."
Fifth, ** Production and its Law." Sixth, " Causation " ; and seventh|
" Responsibility." These topics, it will be seen, cover a broad field.

The essay itself is of moderate length, the argument being presented iu
a condensed form. Each chapter, however, is liberally supplemented with
additional matter bearing on the discussion, and selected from eminent
writers on both sides. In the handling of the subject the author exhibits
a thorough knowledge of the objections that have been raised against his
views and great fairness in stating and combating them. The style has
a point and liveliness rarely found in a profound philosophical discussion;
this, together with an earnestness and a force, that rise almost to the glow
of eloquence, makes it difficult for the reader to lay down the book when he
has once taken it in hand. On the whole, Mr. Jackson seems to have
done what at the outset he proposed. Paley's work, so admirable in
many respects, has been for some time regarded as needing readjustment,
in view of the changed forms of philosophic thought ; and by showing
that the facts presented in the natural world, and those pertaining to the
human soul, as they are revealed in consciousness, do, when independently
examined, lead to the same conclusion as regards an intelligent Creator,
the work before us leaves little to be desired. It gives completeness and
freshness to a line of argument for Natural Religion which, however
decried by some, no sane man should ever discard or undervalue. No
one interested in such inquiries and capable of understanding such a book
can read it without being greatly enriched and orofited.

It adds much to the convenience and comfort of the reader that there
is prefixed to each chapter a careful synopsis of the section of the argu-
ment therein gone over, and also references by letter to the several sup-
plementary notes and illustrations. These last make up a large part of
the volume and are of special value.

»

The articles by Prof. Samuel C. Bartlett, d. d., of Chicago Theological
Seminary, published originally in the Congregationalist^ have been brought
together in a small volume, for easy use, and entitled " Future Punish-
ment." ^ Prof Bartlett has made a special study of this scriptural doctrine,
and understands well where its strength lies, and what are the metes and
boundaries of the arguments by which it is supported. People are much
in the habit of saying, just now, that the Evangelical churches of England
and America are giving up the doctrine of future punishment, and there
are many indications which favor this assertion. On the other hand, and

^ Congregational Publishing Society. See Quarterly for 1875, p. 603.

1876L] Literary Review. 73

as a remarkable circtnnstance just at the present time, the Universalists
are largely turning from their old position towards the Evangelical ground.
This action and reaction of human thought, from generation to generation,
is a carioos subject for study.

For ourselves, we believe that the change, in this respect, in our own
churches, is more seeming than real. It is more in the form of resistance
to the ancient methods of setting forth the doctrine, than to the doctrine
itsel£ If you £&11 in with Evangelical Christians, so called, who seem to be
loose on this subject, try them by beginning at the opposite extreme. Ask
them to accept the old-fashioned notion of instant and unqualified salvation
for all men, of every grade of character, and you will find generally that
they are in no way prepared for any such conclusion. There is a silent
protest in their minds against harsh and material exhibitions of the doc-
trine ; but if they listen to a sermon which says " to the righteous, that it
shall be well with him,** and " unto the wicked, it shall be ill with him, for
the reward of his hands shall be given him," they have no opposition, open
or secret, to such teaching. It falls in with their habits of thought and
their sense of justice and propriety. It is when there is an accumulation
of material horrors, when the images and illustrations partake largely
of the physical, that they utter their protest And it is, more than all, when
a preacher speaks upon this subject in any other than a subdued and sym-
pathetic firame of mind, when he utters his words with judicial coldness
and indifierence, that this opposition rises up within them.

This little book of Prof. Bartlett canvasses the subject very thoroughly,
not only in its argumentative but in its historical aspects. One learns
from it not only what the author thinks, but what others have thought
It will t)e found an exceedingly useful book for pastors who wish to know
bow to do their duty in the proper unfolding and exhibition of this doctrine
to their hearers.

Mr. Spurgeon's Lectures to my Students * is a book exceedingly en-
tertaining and suggestive. The author's resources, in the way of pithy,
sententious sayings and apt illustrations, are truly remarkable. We have
bad some most noticeable lectures to theological students on this side the
water ; but no one, as he reads this book, will question that Mr. Spurgeon
has a domain of his own, where he is original and unrivalled. We cer-
tainly cannot do better than copy a few sentences, here and there, and so
give our readers a taste of the quality of the book.

Under the head of a " Call to the Ministry " he takes up a great many
points, not ordinarily discussed, but yet vital to the subject With regard
to the Voice he says, " When the Lord means a creature to run, he gives
it nimble legs ; and if he means another creature to preach, he will give it
suitable lungs. A brother who has to pause in the middle of a sentence
and work his air-pump should ask himself whether there is not some other
occupation for which he is better adapted." To an exquisite and self-
conceited young man, who sought admission to his college with the deep-

^ See Sheldon & Co., p. 83.

74 Literary Review, [Jan.

seated conviction of his own most extraordinary powers, Mr. Spurgeon
replied, " Sir, I am obliged to tell you that I cannot receive you." — " Why
not, sir ?" — ** I will tell you plainly : you are so dreadfully clever, that I
could not insult you by receiving you into our college, where we have
none but rather ordinary men ; the president, tutors, and students are all
men of moderate attainments, and you would have to condescend too
much in coming among us."

Under the head of Speaking Ability and Aptness to Teach, he says :
" God certainly has not created behemoth to fly ; and should leviathan
have a strong desire to ascend with the lark, it would evidently be an
unwise aspiration, since he is not furnished with wings. If a man be
called to preach, he will be endowed with a degree of speaking ability
which he will cultivate and increase. If the gift of utterance be not there
in a measure at first, it is not likely that it will ever be developed." In
regard to the length of public prayers, he says : " My friend, Dr. Charles
Brown of Edinburgh, lays it down as a result of his deliberate judgment,
that ten minutes is the limit to which public prayer ought to be pro-
longed. Our Puritanic forefathers used to pray for three quarters of an
hour or more ; but then you must recollect that they did not know whether
they would ever have the opportunity of praying again before an assembly,
and therefore took their fill of it." On the choice of a text he says, " The
lamented Thomas Spencer wrote, * I keep a little book, in which I enter
every text of Scripture which comes into my mind with power and sweet-
ness. Were I to dream of a passage of Scripture, I should enter it ; and
when I sit down to compose, I look over the book, and have never found
myself at loss for a subject' " These short extracts might be indefinitely
extended. Let the reader open the book at almost any point, and his eye
will be wellnigh sure to rest upon passages that will entertain, interest,
and instruct him.

HISTORICAL.

In the History of the Jewish Nation,^ by E. H. Palmer, M. A., Professor
of Arabic in the University of Cambridge, England, we have a small vol-
ume, interesting for continuous reading, but especially valuable as a hand-
book for easy reference. The author very modestly sets forth his main
design in a brief preface, in which he says, " I am sensible of the difiicul-
ties which beset one who ventures upon ground trodden by such masterly
scholars as those who have treated the subject before me ; but my object
has been, not presumptuously to rival their works, but to supplement them,
by bringing the main facts of the history to the notice of those who have
neither time nor opportunity to study the larger books." The chief facts
with regard to the Jewish race, from the earliest times down to a period
very recent, are here brought together and embodied. The " Third Part,"
which makes about one third of the whole volume, has to do with the Jews,
since the biblical times, in their wide dispersion over the face of the earth ;

^ See D. Lothrop & Co., p. 85.

18761] Litemry Review. 75

sltowfng among wbat nations they have most abonnded, and to what cniel
laws, usages, and persecutions they have been subject

To those who are in the loose and unthinking habit of saying, that all
the prophecies of the Bible were written after their fulfilroent, we would
commend a careful study of this book ; for though the author does not
treat his subject religiously (/. e. his object is to write the secular rather
than the religious history of the nation), we do not see how a thoughtful
mind can h\\ to notice the divine impress which is stamped upon the whole
record. There is nothing in the miracles of the Bible more truly wonder-
ful than the long preservation and present position of the Jewish race in
.the earth. It has never been a numerous race. At the time of its highest
hbtorical development, in its own land, under David and Solomon, it
reached not above eight millions ; and from those days down to the pres-
ent, it has been a mark for every archer ; successive tides of conquest
swept over its ancient home, and in its wide dispersion among the nations
of the earth, it has been subject to almost every possible disability. But
like the bush which Moses saw, it *' burned with fire, but the bush was
not consumed." The Jews are a distinct people in the earth to-day, known
to each other, and known to the people around them by unmistakable
signs. What is more, as a nation, they are furnished with this world's
wealth and resources in a higher proportion, perhaps, than the same number
of persons taken out, in a body, from any nation on the face of the earth.
They show no falling off, in respect to genius and intellectual power. In
any land, where the Jews have anything like an average opportunity, they
will show more than their proportion, among the learned scholars and
thinkers, university professors, poets, orators, statesmen, musical com-
posers of that section of the general race. How all this has come about
is known only to Him who saw the end from the beginning, and who
shaped the ancient records and prophecies so that these passing centuries
are a perpetual fulfilment of them.

Historical Scenes from the old Jesuit Missions^ by Dr. Wm. Ingra-
ham Kip, is the title of a volume containing many facts of rare interest.
The author, some years since, published a volume entitled The Early
Jesuit Afissions in North America, The source from which he drew his
information for that and the present volume is a work in forty-seven vol-
umes, which he purchased in England many years ago, at a time when
the library of the Bishop of Durham was sold. This work bears a long
French title, and is made up of the letters of Jesuit missionaries from 1650
to 1750. These missionaries went out to the lands of the far East, — the
oldest countries of Asia ; and, on the other hand, they penetrated to the
depths of these Western forests.

The present volume has to do with the missions in the far East, as also
in other parts of the world. The fact of the labors of the Jesuits in India,
in China, in Japan, two hundred years ago, is familiar to every one ; but
this volume abounds in details, and some of these are very curious and

> See A. D. T. Randolph & Co., p. 83.

76 Litirary Review. [Jan.

interesting. The Jesuits found in China, at the close of the seventeenth
century, a colony of Jews, long resident there and keeping up the forms of
their worship amid the surrounding idolatry. They had in their posses-
sion one of the oldest, if not the very oldest, copy of the Pentateuch
extant That colony, by long intermarriage and other adverse causes,
has now perished. But a careful comparison made by the Jesuit fathers
of their copy of the writings of Moses, with the common versions now in
use throughout the Christian world, showed (what is otherwise abundantly
shown) that the Old Testament Scriptures have been most carefully pre-
served through the ages of the past. There were no important discrep-
ancies between that ancient copy and the modern translations.

Whatever the causes may have been, the Roman Catholics of the pres-
ent day have small results to show from these Jesuit missions one bun*
dred and fifty and two hundred years ago. It was a work, doubtless, of
great self-denial and sacrifice. The details are often romantic and excit-
ing ; but the aims .were not in harmony with the simple plan and purpose
of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, and these labors have largely come to
nought. Future generations will see whether the results of our modern
Protestant missions will be alike fading and transitory. They certainly
give no evidence of the kind at present. If they are built, as we believe,
'* upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Jesus Christ him-
self being the chief corner-stone,'' we are sure that no such element of
ultimate decay will be found in them.

Among fresh issues we have Reminiscences of Forts Sumter and Moul-
trie in 1 860- 1 86 1.* No scenes of the late war, even those of the greatest
battles and victories, so roused and powerfully excited the Northern States
as those at Fort Sumter. Here was the first overt act, the first gun of
the great Rebellion, the first outbreak of that violence which subsequently
rolled its waves over half a continent. Of the assault and surrender of
the fort we have the narrative from an eye-witness.

The intensely interesting story is told in a straightforward, soldier-
like style, and there is much graphic power in the recital. As we read
we seem successively to be in the centre of the now famous harbor of
Charleston, — in its beleaguered fort, — under the fire of twenty hostile
batteries, and in range of all the terrible missiles known to modern war-
fare. We cannot but sympathize with the little handful of men who bore
themselves so nobly through these terrible scenes, and who thus gave to
the rebellious States the assurance that their cause could not fail to be
attended at every step with a frightful cost of treasure and of life. This
little volume is commended as a very valuable addition to the literature
called into existence by the late civil war.

POETICAL.

The Poetical Works of Ray Palmer^ Complete Edition, is one of the
new books of the season. It is an elegant volume, and we judge will be a

^ See Harper h. Brothers, p. 82.
* See A. S. Barnes & Ca, p. 85.

1876.] Literary Review. Jj

popular gift-book. And yet it will not attract attention simply for the
holidays nor only from Christian people. All who love a purely chaste
style and lofty sentiment in poetry will linger fondly over many of these
pages. We have known cultured persons not claiming to be Christians
who yet preferred good Christian hymns to any other kind of poetry.
Such will find not a little to prize in this volume. And yet the author has
spoken in these verses out of a Christian heart, and especially to comfort
those of like faith. It is not too much to say of these hymns that they
have been written because they must be ; they were bom, not made, and
will long live in the service of Christian song.

About ninety sacred hymns are found in the volume. Nearly all of
these were designed to be sung. Some twenty of them were never pub-
lished before. Of the rest, about fifty have already found their way into
various manuals now used in public worship in this country and in foreign
lands. There are some sixty other pieces, about one third of which are
now for the first time presented to the public. A few of these miscellaneous
poems are of considerable length, one occupying seven pages, another ten,
and another eighty- seven.

As we rise from the examination of this volume, having read over again
dear hymns which we have so often sung in the house of God, and lingered
over some new ones that have touched our heart, we find ourselves not in
a critical mood. Undoubtedly, there are defects here that might be noticed.
No author can always equal his best. But readers will prefer to be
directed at once to what is excellent.

1. " The hymns and sacred lyrics " of Dr. Palmer are full of Christ.
The title of the first piece, "Salvator Mundi," would not be an inap-
propriate title to the first third of the book. Out of these ninety hymns
there are not more than fifteen or eighteen in which Christ is not made
more or less prominent. This characteristic will greatly endear the col-
lection to the people of Christ, for He is their song.

2. Nearly all these hymns are written in the form of direct address to
Christ, or to God the Father, or to the Holy Comforter, and so are most
helpful to us in our desire to offer real and pure worship. Their structure
is what we crave when we would come to God deeply and reverently
conscious of the sublime service in which we are to engage. Too many of
the hymns in general use are religious meditations and soliloquies. A
hymn of earnest exhortation is far better than one containing only some
reflections. But to one who goes to the sanctuary to worship God, long-
ing to speak out his love to Christ, to make confessions and petitions unto
Him, and to thank and praise Him, how refreshing to have hymns an-
nounced beginning with such lines as these : —

" Take me, O my Father, take me,"

"O Christ, II ng to know Thee,*'

•• We praise Thee, Saviour, for the grace,"

" Jesus, Thou joy of loving hearts,"

" I give my heart to Thee,"

** O Christ, our King, Creator, Lord."

78 Literary Review. [Jan.

How difficult for any child of God to hear such lines and not feel the
desire rising to take them at once upon his lips and make them the
language of his own heart in actual and direct worship !

3. These hymns are rich in their expression of the great truths of the
gospel. The author does not hesitate to sing of

..." Sovereign counsels, bom of love,
Sang ages ere the world began."

The inspiration of the Holy Scriptures finds statement in his verse : —

** 'T was taught of Thee that holy men
Wrote the full page of Jesus' grace,
And Thou didst guide each faithful pen,
The record of His love to trace.

«* O blessed Book I O Word divine ! '
'Tis God the Spirit speaks in Thee ;
And I will make Thy wisdom mine
Till in heaven's perfect day I see."

The righteousness of God in the punishment of the wicked is con-
fessed : —

"Oh, save me — justly doomed to die."

The extreme sinfulness of man and his perishing need of a salvation com-
ing from without himself are the sad undertones in many of these sacred
lyrics. " My faith looks up to Thee " is not the only hymn in this collec-
tion that confesses the atoning sacrifice of Christ and the power of His
death to ransom and cleanse the sinful soul. In one hymn we find such a
stanza as this : —

" I know this cleansing blood of Thine
Was shed, dear Lord, for me ;
For me, for all — O grace divine —
Who look by faith on Thee."

In another this : —

" Jesus, Lamb of Gk)d, for me

Thou, the Lord of life, didst die.
Whither, whither but to Thee

Can a trembling sinner fly ?
Death's dark waters o'er me roll,
Save, oh, save my sinking soul !"

Of the second coming of Christ, the author sings, and of the resurrec-
tion, and of other glorious revelations. The quotations we have made are
examples of the way the dear and grand old truths of the gospel of Christ
are confessed in these sweet and pathetic hymns. We regard this excel-
lence as one of special importance at the present time, when so much ado
is made by those who wish to abolish our confessions of faith. Should they
accomplish* their purpose, and bring all our churches into that imaginary
paradise where no one shall be expected either to believe or deny anything,

1876,] Literary Review. 79

we wonder what they would then do with our sacred songs. Would they
abolish our hymn-books also ? Many of our best hymns are confessions
of £uth. We rejoice that this is true of so many in this collection by Dr.
Palmer. They will be only the dearer to the people of Christ and live the
longer, for the time will never come when God's true children will not
be called " believers,^'^

4. These hymns are especially fitted to give comfort to the Lord's peo-
ple, and none the less so because they are hymns of worship, and are so
freighted with the sublimest truths of revelation. The author has re-
marked, '^ I am sure my greatest wish is that my fellow-disciples, scat-
tered up and down in this evil world, may find comfort and refreshment,
and a fit voicing of their devout emotions in what I have written." Such a
desire in the heart of the writer abundantly accounts for the fact that
some of these songs have already proved a solace and a joy to not a few
disciples of Christ The hymn,

"My Father, God, lead on,"

published two years ago, and evidently intended only for reading, we hap-
pen to know, has strengthened many fainting hearts. It has also been
published in the Indian Mirror^ India, — the organ of the Brahmo
Somaj.

5. In their poetic sweetness and Christian tenderness, many of these
lyrics rise to the highest style of sacred poetry. Some of them are not
surpassed by anything written by Faber or Bonar. Dr. Palmer is chiefly
known as a poet from his hymn,

" My faith looks up to Thee.**

That is now sung wherever the English language is spoken, and has

been translated into many tongues ; but it would not be surprising if

several others should soon become dearer to Christian hearts than even

that has been. We suspect that some of the best hymns he has written,

though now quite familiar to our worshipping assemblies, have not yet

become associated with his name. Only a few days ago, we heard the

hymn,

" Jesus, these eyes have never seen

That radiant form of Thine,"

praised by a clergyman, and spoken of as a translation^ perhaps by Dr.
Palmer. It is by Dr. Palmer, but is a translation only of that sweet Scrip-
ture, " Whom having not seen ye love." Among the new hymns, a very
noble one for the opening of public worship, is that beginning,

" Eternal Father, mighty Lord."
" And also this : —

" Praise Him I Praise the conquering king ! "

The admirable hymn of praise, —

"O Christ, the Lord of heaven, to Thee,"

8o Literary Review. [J^u^-

has been thought by Rev. E. H. Bickersteth, author of " Yesterday,
To-Day, and Forever," to be worthy of a place in a collection he has pre-
pared for use in the Church of England.

Such sacred lyrics as these will help bring on that time longed for and
prayed for by so many, and sure to come, when our worshipping assem-
blies will sing hymnSy and not be compelled to listen to a few voices sing-
ing nothing but tunes; when music shall cease to be master in the house
of God, and become, as it was designed to be, a servant.

One Sabbath morning, a few years ago, we worshipped in the Chalmers
Memorial Church, Edinburgh, and united in singing hymns from the un-
melodious Scotch version of the Psalms, in which the whole congregation,
led only by a precentor, heartily praised God. At the close of the service
we had a few moments' conversation with the pastor, the Rev. Horatius
Bonar, D. D., and our travelling companion pleasantly remarked to him,
" Well, sir, we can do one thing in our churches which you cannot do in
yours." — " What is that ? " he asked. " Sing your hymns." He smiled,
and replied, ** That is true."

And yet in the churches of Scotland all the people are permitted to
sings the hymns they love. That cannot be said of the people in all our
churches. In too many of them the saints are suffering in Babylonish
captivity. They have hung their harps upon the willows, and are sitting
in silent and patient grief, under the tyranny of interminable organ volun-
taries and preludes, wearisome and utterly useless interludes, and mean-
ingless anthem performances, in which musical notes are sung with un-
known words by artisans too often ambitious to display their musical abil-
ities before the assembly, and receive themselves the homage that should
be paid only to God in his house. From many hearts the cry is going up
to heaven, O Lord, how long, how long before thine afflicted people
shall be delivered from this grievous bondage, and be permitted to sing
once more *' psalms and hymns and spiritual songs " to Thy praise in
Thine own house ? And such heart-hymns as these will only deepen the
earnestness of their prayer.

We have not space left to speak, as we would be glad to, of other metri-
cal pieces in this volume. " Home ; or, the Unlost Paradise " has been
pronounced one of the best idyls in the language ; and one of our oldest
and best American poets has called it *' a beautiful poem," and affirmed
that he was " deeply affected by the pathetic portions of it." The home
described is not an ideal one, but a representation of our dear New England
Christian homes. May this Paradise never be lost I

Sacred Songs for Social Worship ^ is the title of a duodecimo hymn and
tune book, prepared by the professors at Oberlin for their use in the col-
lege chapel and in prayer meetings. It contains two hundred and eighty-
one hymns and one hundred and thirty-four tunes, carefully selected and
adapted. It is neatly printed, and of such size that it can be easily carried

^ See £. J. Goodrich, p. 85.

1876.] Literary Review, 81

in the pocket like a pocket Testament or diary. It is conspicuously free
from trashy hymns and tunes, and- yet has a large element of those which
are used by Messrs. Moody and Sankey. It is admirably suited for use
in prayer-meetings and Sabbath Schools.

MISCELLANEOUS.

It affords us pleasure to call attention to the recent volumes of Apple-
ton's Cychpadia, The fourteenth volume^ has just come to hand. It
commences with " Rain " and ends with " Shakespeare," and its contents
are of deep interest. Biography, History, Science, indeed almost all
branches of knowledge, are here presented in a succinct and attractive
form. The biography in this volume includes sketches of W. H. Seward,
Horatio Seymour, W. T. Sherman, and St. Paul. The two remaining vol-
umes of the series are promised within the next six months.

Among the books peculiarly adapted to this Centennial year we find
The German Element in the War of Independence.^

This work does not treat of the German element generally, but gives
life-sketches of Baron Von Steuben and Gen. John Kalb, whose services
io our struggles for independence were conspicuous. The style of the
narrative is vivid, and the author furnishes, in connection with his por-
traiture of the men, valuable matter, which is of special interest at the
present time as an aid in historical researches, and in the cultivation of a
patriotic spirit.

The book closes with a chapter on " The German Mercenaries." We
trust that this book and others of its general character, in connection with
our Centennial observances, will serve to beget in the American mind a
fondness for our national history.

Mr. John S. C. Abbott's series oi Historical Biographies of American
Pioneers and Patriots \\7ls just been enriched by a very interesting Life of
Columbus^ and a Life of Washington} This series now includes eleven
volumes, illustrating nearly every period of our history as a nation. Noth-
ing more attractive and instructive for young readers has been devised for
years.

Mrs. Charles, author of the Schlinbcrg-Cotta Family^ has written a
story in which she returns to the style which made her earlier books so
suddenly and wonderfully popular. The characters in Winifred Bertram^
one of her earlier books, here reappear ; indeed, this is in some degree a
sequel to that delightful story. More than 100,000 copies of the Schonberg-
Cotta Family, and companion book, including Winifred Bertram, were sold
in a few months after they became known. The Note Book of the Bertram
Family^ is the title of the new story.

* See D. Appleton & Co., p. 83.
■ See Hurd & Houghton, p. 84.
' See Dodd & Mead, pp. 82, 83.

SECOND SERIES. — VOL. VIIT. NO. I. 6

82 Literary Review. [J^ui*

BOOKS RECEIVED.

Harper 6* Brothers^ New York.

Bible Lands : Their Modern Customs and Manners. Illustrative of Scripture.
By the Rev. Henry J. Van-Lcnnep, D. D. With Maps and Wood-cuts. 1875.
Royal 8va pp. 832. $5.00.

The Might and Mirth of Literature : A Treatise on Figurative Language. In
which upwards of six hundred writers are referred to, and two hundred and
twenty figures illustrated. By John Walker Vilant Macbeth. 1875. ^^^ PP*
542. $2.oa

The Catskill Fairies. By Virginia W. Johnson, author of "Joseph the Jew,"
••The Calderwood Secret," ** Kettle-Club Series." Illustrated by Alfred
Fredericks. 1876. 4to. pp. 163. 1^3.50.

Select Poems of Oliver Goldsmith. Edited, with Notes, by William J. Rolfe,
A. M. With Engravings. 1875. Small 410. pp. 144. 90 cents.

Select Dialogues of Plato. A New and Literal Version, chiefly from the Text
of Stallbaum. By Henry Carey, M. A., Worcester College, Oxford. 1875.
i2mo. pp. 551. $i.5a

Talmage*s Sermons. Fourth Series. Every-Day Religion: Sermons delivered
in the Brooklyn Tabernacle by T. DeWitt Talmage. 1875. I2ma pp. 42a
$2.oa

John Todd. The Story of His Life, told mainly by himself. Compiled and
edited by John E. Todd. 1876. 8vo. pp. 529. $2.75.

The Thrones and Palaces of Babylon and Nineveh, from Sea to Sea : A Thousand
Miles on Horseback. By John P. Newman, D. D., Member of the London
Society of Biblical Archaeology. 1876. Royal 8vo. Illustrated, pp. 455.
IS-oo.

The Life of Jonathan Swift By John Forster. Volume the First 1667-1711.
1876. 8vo. pp. 487. |^4.ca

Life of Lord Byron and Other Sketches. By Emilio Castelar. Translated by
Mrs. Arthur Arnold. 1876. i2mo. pp.347. $i-50.

Reminiscences of Forts Sumter and Moultrie in i860 and 1861. By Abner
Doubleday, Brevet Major-General, U. S. A. 1876. i2mo. pp. 184. $i.oa

Dodd 6* Mead^ New York.

Daily Thoughts. By Rev. T. DeWitt Talmage, D. D. Edited by Rev. J. V. D.
Shurts. 1875. i2mo. pp. 496. $2.00.

The Bertram Family. By the author of "The Schonberg-Cotta Family." i2mo.

pp. 336- ^1.50-
Brought Home. By Hesba Stretton, author of " Jessica's First Prayer." 32ma

pp. 221. I1.25.

Notes, Explanatory and Practical, upon the International Sunday School Lessons
for the Year 1876. By Rev. Rufus W. Clark, D. D. I2ma pp. 177. %i.yx

Two Lectures upon the Relations of Civil Law to Church Polity, Discipline, and
Property. By Hon. William Strong, ll. d.. Justice of the Supreme Court of the
United States. i2ma pp. 141. |i.oa

1876.] Literary Review. 83

American Pioneers and Patriots. George Washington ; or, Life in America One
Hundred Years Aga By John S. C. Abbott Illustrated. I2ma pp. 36a
I1.50.

Z). Appleton ^ Co,, New York,

The American Cyclopaedia : A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge. Edited
by George Ripley and Charles A. Dana. Vol. XIV, Prior-Shoe. 1875. Royal
8va pp. 876. $7.oa

The Life of the Greeks and Romans, described from Antique Monuments. By
E. Guhl and W. Koner. Translated from the third German edition by F.
Hueffer. With five hundred and forty-three wood-cuts. 1875. ^^^ PP* ^'8.

A. S, Barms 6* Co,, New York,

The Poetical Works of Ray Palmer. Complete edition. 1876. 8va pp. 37a.
Moo.

A Brief History of France. 1875. I2ma pp.299. ^'-So*
The Independent Primary Reader: An Alternative of the Independent First
Reader. By J. Madison Watson. 1875. i^mo. pp. 8a 25 cents.

P&alms and Hymns and Spiritual Songs : A Manual of Worship for the Church
of Christ Compiled and edited by Charles S. Robinson. 32ma pp. 29a
75 cents.

National School Singer. For Day Schools and Juvenile Singing Classes, con-
taining Song Lessons, School Songs, and a great variety of Occasional Songs,
by the best authors. 1875. pp. 127. 35 cents.

Robert Carter <5r* Brothers^ New York,

The Footprints of the Creator; or, The Asterolepis of Stromness. By Hugh
Miller. Twenty-second thousand. With a Memoir of the Author by Louis
Agassiz. 1875. I2ma pp. 337. I^i.sa

Forty Years in the Turkish Empire ; or, Memoirs of Rev. William Goodell, D. D.,
late Missionary of the A. B. C. F. M. at Constantinople. By his son-in-law,
£. D. G. Prime, D. D. 1876. 8vo. pp. 489. $2.50.

A. D, F. Randolph <5r* Co., Nno York.

The Sensualistic Philosophy of the Nineteenth Century, considered by Robert L.
Dabney, D.D., ll. d. Crown 8vo. pp. 369. |^2.oo.

Historical Scenes from the Old Jesuit Missions. By the Right Rev. Wm. Ingra-
ham Kip, D D., ll. d. i2mo. pp. 375. I1.75.

Sheldon <&* Co., New York,

Lectures to My Students : A Selection from Addresses delivered to the Students
of the P2istor*s College, Metropolitan Tabernacle. By C. H. Spurgeon,
President First Series. 1875. i2mo. pp. 297. 11.5a

Macmillan «&* Co., New York,

The Children*s Treasury of English Song. Selected and Arranged with Notes by
Francis Turner Palgrave, Editor of the Golden Treasury, i8mo. pp. 302. $1.25.

Charles P, Somerby, New York,
Soul Problems, with Other Papers. By Joseph E. Peck. I2ma pp. 63. 75 cents.

Literary Review. (Jan.

Nmrd 6* HoughUm^ Nea York.

The Gennan Element in the War of American Independence. By George Wash-
ington Greene, Li. D. 1876. I2ma pp.211. $t.50-

Jamus R, Osgood ^ Co., Boston.

Songs of Three Centuries. Edited by John Greenleaf Whittier. 1S76. I2ma

pp. 352. $2.00.
Uttle Classics. Vol. XVI. Edited by Rossiter Johnson. Authors. Biographical

Sketches of the Authors represented in the Series. With a General Index.

1S75. pp. 254. $i.oa
Letters and Social Aims. By Ralph Waldo Emerson. 1876. X2mo. pp. 314-

$2.oa
Jesus of Nazareth : His Life for the Young. By Joseph P. Thompson, a ix

Illustrated. 1876. 8vo. pp. 438. ^S-oa
The Inn Album. By Robert Brou-ning. 1S76. i6ma pp. 167. $1.50.
Among My Books. Second Series. By James Russell LowelL I2ma. pp. 327.

$2.oa
Home Pastorals, Ballads, and L>Tics. By Bayard Taylor. 1875. l6ma pp. 214.

$2.oa
Rocks Ahead ; or. The Warnings of Cassandra. By W. R. Greg, author of

** Enigmas of Life," etc. 1S75. i2mo. pp.233. ^2oa
Sermons by the Rev. Frederick Brooks, late Rector of St Paul's Church, Cleve-
land, O. 1876. i2mo. pp. 299. ^2.oa
Hints on Household Taste in Furniture. Upholstery, and Other Details. By

Charles L, Eastlakc. Edited with Notes by Charies C. Perkins, M. A. Fourth

American from the latest English edition. 1S76. Crown Svo. pp. 304- ^3-5^

Roberts Brother s, Boston,

Social Pressure. By Sir Arthur Helps, K. c. B., author of " Friends in Council,"

•'Life and Labors of Brassey,** etc 1S75. i2mo. pp.412. ^2.25.
Autobiography of Mrs. Fletcher. With Letters and Other Family Memorials.

Edited by the Survivor of her Family. 1S75. ^^^' PP* 37^ $2. 5a
Memoir of Susan Dimock, Resident Physician of the New England Hospital for

Women and Children. 8va pp. 103. $1.50.
The Protection of Majorities ; or, Considerations relating to Electoral Reform.

WitH other Papers. By Josiah Phillips Quinc>-. 1S76. i6mo. pp.163, ^i-oa

Lockwood, Brooks 6r* Co., Boston.

HermQTis on the International Sunday School Lessons for 1876. By the Monday
CluV>. 1876. Crown Svo. pp.400. $i.5a

Corrcapondences of the Bible : The Animals. By John Worcester. 1875. i6mo.
pi>. 376. Ii-sow

Lee <Sr* Shepard, Boston,

Th«s l^ife and Adventures of a Quaker among the Indians, By Thomas C. Battey.
1*1 uttrated, 1875. "mo. pp.339, ji.ja

1876.] Literary Review. 85

D, Lothrop «&* Co.y Boston.

History of the Jewish Nation : From the Earliest Times to the Present Day. By
E. H. Palmer, M. A. Revised edition. Edited by Rev. S. F. Smith, D. D. 8vo.
pp. 119. $1.25.

The Life of Jesus Christ, the Son of God : As compiled from the Four Gospel
Narratives. i6ma pp. 382. $1.25.

Soldiers and Patriots of the American Revolution. By Joseph Banvard, D. D.
i6mo. pp. 298. $1.25.

Papa*s Boy. By Mrs. C. E. K- Davis, author of " Little Three- Year-Old," " Miss
Wealthy's Hope," etc iSmo. pp. 183. I^i.oo.

Young Rick. By Julia A. Eastman, author of " Kitty Kent's Troubles," etc etc
4ta pp. 132. $1.00.

Grandpapa's Darlings. By Pansy, author of "Three People," "Ester Reid," etc.
i6ma pp. 323. $1.25.

Congregational Publishing Society^ Boston,

The Prayer-Gauge Debate. By Prof. Tyndall, Francis Galton, and others against
Dr. Littledale, Pres. McCosh, the Duke of Argyle, Canon Lyddon, and " The
Spectator." 1876. i2mo. pp. 311. $1.75.

Memorials of Charles Stoddard. By his Daughter, Mary Stoddard Johnson. 1875.
i2mo. pp. 525. $1.75.

Henry Hoyt <5r* Co.^ Boston.

Evangelists in the Church, from Philip, A. D. 35, to Moody and Sankey, A. D.
1875. With sixteen portraits. By Rev. P. C. Headley. Author of "Court and
Camp of David," " Josephine," etc 1875. i2mo. pp.456. $1.75.

Select Notes on the International Sabbath School Lessons for 1876. Explanatory,
Illustrative, and Practical. With Maps, and Table of the Signification and Pro-
nunciation of Proper Names. By Rev. F. N. Peloubet 8vo. pp.214. $I«2S.

Wm, F, Gill <5r» Co., Boston,

Sermons to the Clergy. By Gail Hamilton. 1876. i2mo. pp. 425. $2.00.
Drifted Asunder ; or, The Tide of Fate. By Amanda M. Douglas. 1876. i6mo.

pp.393- ^1-30
The Treasure Trove Series. Story. i6mo. pp. 255. I^i.oo.

Patrick Donahoe, Boston,

Popular Life of Daniel O'Connell, including the Funeral Oration of Padre Ven-
tura at Rome, Father Burke's Sermon at Glasnevin, and Wendell Phillips* Cen-
tennial Oration. Illustrated. i2mo. pp. 204. |i.oo.

Prince and Saviour : The Story of Jesus, simply told for the young. By Rosa
MulhoUand. 1876. 32mo. pp. 48. 25 cents.

American Unitarian Association, Boston,
Daily Prrise and Prayer. 1876. i6mo. pp. 369. $i.oa

W, F, Draper f And over, Mass,
A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Book of Psalms. With a New
Translation. By James G. Murphy, ll. d., t. c. d. 1875. Royal 8vo. pp.
694. $3.oa

E, y, Goodrich, Oberlin, O.

Sacred Songs for Social Worship. 32mo. pp. 224. ^40 per hundred.

86 Literary Review. [Jan.

PAMPHLETS RECEIVED.

James Browning Miles : A Memorial Discom^e. -By Alexander McKenzie.
Delivered in the First Church, Charlestown, Sunday, Dec 5, 1875.

Learning to be Content : A Thanksgiving Sermon. By Rev. Wm. Crawford.
Green Bay, Wisconsin, Nov. 25, 1875.

Memorial Sermon of Dea. Samuel Brown. Preached in the Spring Street Cong.
Church, Milwaukee, Wis., by Rev. G. T. Ladd, Sunday, Jan. 3, 18761

Who are the Infidels ? A Sennon by John W. Chadwick, Minister of the Second
Unitarian Society, in Brooklyn. 1875-76. December. For sale by Charles ?•
Somerby, 139 Eighth Sl, New York.

A Prize Essay : The Christian Steward. Annual of The Systematic Beneficence
Society. 1875. Birmingham. 1875. P>^ce, $2.25 per hundred. Postage, one
cent per copy. Orders may be sent to Gea W. Shelton, Birmingham, Conn.

The Methodist Almanac 1876. Nelson & Phillips, 805 Broadway, New York.
Boston, 38 Bromfield St

The Catholic Family Almanac 1876.

Vick's Floral Guide for 1876. Published Quarteriy, by James Vick. Rochester,
N. Y. 25 cents a year.

The Beautiful World. A Magazine devoted to Poetic Literature. Vol. VI, Na I. ,
January, 1876. C. G. Keith & Co., 235 Washington Street, Boston. 25 cents.

Walter's Word. A Novel. By James Payn. Harper & Brothers. 75 cents.
No. 441.

Hostages of Fortune. A Story. By Miss M. E. Braddon. With illustrations.
New York : Harper & Brothers. 75 cents. No. 451.

Hugh Melton. A Story. By Katharine King. With illustrations. Harper &
Brothers. 25 cents. No. 449.

The Queen of Connaught A Story. Harper & Brothers. 50 cents. No. 432.

Supposed Miracles : The Honor of Christianity against Superstition, and for Its
Truth against Unbelie£ By Rev. J. M. Buckley. 1875. ^^rd & Houghton :
New York. 50 cents.

Job's Comforters ; or, Scientific Sympathy. By Joseph Parker, D. D., Minister of
the City Temple, London. With Introduction and Notes, by George Zabris-
kie Gray. A. D. J. Randolph & Co. : New York.

Hand- Book of the Congregational Churches of California. Prepared by a Com-
mittee of the General Association. Third and revised Edition. 414 Market
Street, San Francisco, Cal.

Anniversary Sermon. By Rev. A. E. P. Perkins, d. d., at Ware, Mass., Dec 5,
1875. Being the twentieth year of his settlement as Pastor of the East Congre-
gational Church.

1876.] Editof^s Table. 87

EDITOR'S TABLE.

Tht Pastoral Office, — A church in Swampscott, Mass., having invited a yonng
man to act as their pastor for one year, and he having accepted their invitation,
acoondl was called to meet Oct 28, 1875, ^^ examine the candidate, review the
proceedings, advise with reference to the same, and if judged expedient to assist
in the ordination service.

The council assembled, and, viewing the action of the church in limiting the
tenure of the pastoral office to " one year " as an irregularity which it is not desir-
able to introduce into Congregational usage, declined to ordain the candidate.

The church then reconsidered their action, invited the candidate to become
their pastor without such specified limitation, and invited the council to re-
assemble.

The council met on the i6th of November and ordained the candidate as pas-
tor, greatly to the satisfaction of all concerned. The council included the Chapel
Church in Andover Theological Seminary.

We sincerely rejoice in this action of the council as well as in its happy results.
It is a healthful sign, showing an appreciation of the sacredness of the pastoral
office. We commend it to the consideration of the many churches now employ-
ing ministers simply as '* acting pastors,*' as well as to those who would terminate
the pastoral relation for slight reasons. What is sometimes called the " Ascen-
sion gift " becomes the more precious the more it is cherished.

The Roman Question, — It is to us personally a matter of interest that Mr. Glad-
stone, in his preface to the volume entitled Rome, and the Newest Fashions in Reli-
poM, dtes as an authority, Mr. Thornton's paper on The Historical Relation of New
England to the English Commonwealth, published in successive numbers of the
Quarterly for 1874. The civilized world is interested in every new phase of the
great issue between Romanism and political integrity. Every human govern-
ment has occasion to be jealous of its rights. Every intelligent citizen who has
read the powerful disquisitions of Mr. Gladstone will watch with intense interest
the effect produced by them on the leading Roman Catholic minds, and especially
any new developments produced by the discussion. A small volume has recently
been published in England entitled Results of the Expostulation, which sets forth
Tcry clearly the present phases of Romanism.

This writer recognizes the divergence of the Roman Catholic faith and portrays
the sections of the church under four heads : i. The Ultramontane Faith. 2. The
Minimizing Faith. 3. The Gallican Faith. 4. The Gal lico- Ultramontane Faith.

Tht frst is that the pope has been appointed by God as His vicar, to teach,
instruct, and rule the Universal Church.

The second admits the same as a theor}', and yet practically makes it of none
effect by making endless exceptions to the general rule, and by allowing ultimately
the right of private judgment.

The third admits the same theory, and yet inconsistently maintains the right of
dvil government as set forth in the four articles drawn up in 1682, by Bossuet,
Bishop of Meaux, and the archbishops and bishops of France assembled in synod,
in substance as follows : —

•• (I.) The pope has no power over princes in temporal matters. Princes arc
not subjects in temporals to any ecclesiastical power. They cannot by the author-
ity of the keys (pope) directly or indirectly be deposed ; nor can their subjects be
absolved from their faith and obedience to them, or from their oath of allegiance.

88 Editof^s TabU. [Jan.

" (2.) The decrees of the Synod of Constance concerning the superiority of a
general council to the pope shall remain in force and unshaken, and those who
infringe their authority or wrest their meaning only to the time of schism are
disapproved by the Gallican Church.

" (3) The exercise of the papal power is to be regulated by the canons of the
Universal Church. The ancient customs and institutions of the Gallican Church
shall remain unshaken.

•* (4.) The judgment of the Roman See in matters of faith is not infallible."

The fourth admits the theory of papal infallibility but bases it on the Gallican
principle that it is made a dogma of faith by the declaration of a general council

Among those who hold these distinct positions, this writer enumerates the
following : i. As pure Ultramontanes, Manning, Patterson, Capel, and the Jesuits-

2. As Minimizing Ul tramontanes, Newman, Bishop Fessler, and Father 0*Reilly.

3. As Galileans, formeriy Dr. Doyle, and the Irish and English hierarchies from
1790 to 1826; at present, Lords Acton and Camoys. 4. As Gallico-Ultramon-
tanes, most of the Roman Catholic bishops, priests, and laity.

The weakness of the Roman hierarchy is seen in its being obliged to tolerate
such discordant elements. Its strength is seen in the fact that it holds such
elements together.

The effect of Mr. Gladstone's expostulation is seen in its drawing out replies
and defences which evince the existence of these parties in the Church of Rome.

The imjwrtance of this subject in its relations to our own government cannot be
overestimated. The attention of the public has been called to it in a marked
manner by the Chief Magistrate of the nation, in a speech addressed to the Army
of the Tennessee, in which we find the following paragraph, which is timely and
of the highest significance. His words are : —

" If we are to have another contest in the near future of our national existence,
I predict that the dividing line will not be Mason's and Dixon's, but between
patriotism and intelligence on one side, and superstition, ambition, and ignorance
on the other. In this centennial year the work of strengthening the foundation of
the structure laid by our forefathers, a hundred years ago, at Lexington, should be
begun. Let us all labor for the security of free thought, free speech, free press,
pure morals, unfettered religious sentiments, and equal rights and privileges for
all men, irrespective of nationality, color, or religion ; encourage free schools, and
resolve that not one dollar appropriated to them shall be applied to the support of
any sectarian school ; resolve that neither State nor nation shall support institu-
tions, save those where every child in the land may get a common-school education,
unmixed with atheistic, pagan, or sectarian teachings. Leave the matter of religion
to the family altar. Keep the church and State forever separate.'*

The Decalogue, — There has been considerable discussion of late respecting
the proper observance of the Sabbath. Ostensibly the question has turned on
what is or is not consistent with the sacredness of the day. We suspect that, in
some instances at least, the real issue between the disputants has its basis
on a deeper plane. Consciously or unconsdously to themselves is there not
underneath their disputations a real discrepancy in their view's as to the present
binding force of the commandment .^ Although there has been, so far as we
have observed, no distinct recognition of such discrepancy, there have been, in
some of the phases which the discussion has assumed, indications of its existence.

If the Fourth Commandment is a part of the Mosaic dispensation in such a
sense that it is no longer binding, how are we to discriminate between this com-
mandment and the remaining nine } On this point we acknowledge our inability
to see any essential difference. With us it is the whole or none.

1876.] Editors Table. 89

A prominent minister, still connected with our denomination, has recently, in a
pablished discourse, stigmatized the decalogue as " the prohibitory law," which
** the race has outgrown," and speaks of our being now under " the positive law
oflovc."

According to this philosophy, as we understand it, we are under no obligation
to tell the truth any further than we think that the general principle of love
requires. Hence, under some circumstances, perjury may be a duty.

Thus, the two tables of the law are swept away. If we have nothing but the
law of love to guide us, and every man is left to decide for himself what is or is
not consistent with this affection, we are practically, as it seems to us, out in
open sea, with no chart ; and, beclouded by passion, we have no reliable means of
celestial observation. Are any of our ministers ready to embark on such a track-
less deep ? Let us know where we are drifting. Let us not give up the deca-
Ipgae until we can find something better and safer.

The Fellowship of Churches. — There is a broad fellowship properly existing
among all Christians, which finds fitting expression in various relations of courtesy
and acts of co-operation.

There is, also, the more specific fellowship existing between churches which are
organically associated as members of the same denomination. It is this latter kind
of fellowship to which we would particularly call attention.

The cardinal principles of Congregationalism — viz. the autonomy of the local

church and the obligation of church fellowship — were adopted as early as the

origin of the name Congregational. From the nature of the case, the practical

development of these principles has been a growth. And this growth has been

largely determined by concrete issues, which have required for their settlement

more explicit applications of the fundamental principles. All polities develop in

this way, and, indeed, all ecclesiastical history.

Let us look at the way in which the principle of fellowship has been expressed.

The Cambridge Platform thus affirms it: **-^// the churches ought to preserve

communion one with another l^ecause they are all united unto Christ, not only

as a m>'stical, but as a political Head, whence is derived a communion suitable

thereunto."

John Cotton expresses essentially the same idea thus : " As there is a brother-
hood of members in the same church, so there is a brotherhood of churches,
being all fellow-members of Christ Jesus, and so bound to have a mutual care of
one another." The language of the Cambridge Platform is substantially repeated
ia the Report of the Committee of the Boston Council of 1865, published in 1872.
"All the churches," it is affirmed, " ought to preserve church communion one with
another." (p. 41.) Specifically it further affirms, " As some acts of the communion
of the churches are due ... to all the integral parts of Christ's catholic
Church, so other acts of communion are specially due from churches instituted
and governed according to the Congregational polity to other churches instituted
and governed according to the same polity." (p. 44.)

On the general subject of fellowship, Prof. Harris, now of New Haven, has
written as follows : " Churches being the institutions into which is organized,
according to God's appointment, the human agency for the redemption of men,
they have no right to engage in the common work to which Christ has called them
independently of each other, but are bound to do their common work in mutual
fellowship and co-operation. A church has no more right to isolate itself from
fellowship and co-operation with Christ's churches than the individual Christian

90 Editof^s Table. [Jan.

has to isolate himself from the church." • . . "Any church which isolates
itself from the fellowship and co-operation of sister churches is guilty of schism."

When a church has associated itself with the Congregational body, it owes
special* obligations to its sister churches ; still, it is not subject to a system which
involves compulsion or exposes it to oppression. One of the excellences of oar
Congregational system of fellowship is, that it allows of the voluntary withdrawal
of any church from the denomination, without any formal action of the associated
churches. In this respect the fellowship of the churches differs materially from
the fellowship of individuals in any church. In the latter case there can be no
withdrawal without some kind of consenting action on the part of the church ;
but a church may declare itself independent at any time, without necessarily forfeit-
ing its charter as a church of Christ And when it thus becomes independent, the
associated churches may have nothing to do but to recognize the fact of its seces-
sion, and erase its name from their roll. The local church is the only organized
body which is vested with such ecclesiastical authority and rights as are involved
in an act of excommunication. The " Keys " are given to no organized body of
churches, but to the local church. Still, an association of churches may dismiss
or expel churches, as any other association may do, though such action neces-
sarily lacks that fundamental ecclesiastical authority which resides in the local
church.

If, now, any church finds itself to be for any reason a source of irritation to
surrounding churches, on account of its principles or methods, and if it is
convinced that its principles and methods are right, it can easily relieve itself and
its neighbors from trouble by withdrawal from the denomination. A Presbyterian
or Methodist Church could not do this without an entire reorganization, and
its right to hold its property could be contested ; but a Congregational Church
may withdraw from the fellowship of sister churches without disturbing its
own organization or its legal rights. The only change is in its relations to
other churches.

This change should not be made inconsiderately. As a question of courtesy it
may itself be made a matter of friendly counsel. Still, this provision of our
polity may give, in certain cases, the best possible opportunity for the peaceful
settlement of differences between associated churches. Any well-disposed
church would not wish to annoy its neighbors by holding them responsible
for practices or principles which they disapprove : it would courteously relieve
them by retiring from the association. The advantage of fellowship is certainly
not worth the cost of a controversy that may disturb the peace of three thousand
churches.

Statistics, — It is now twenty-three years since the work of collecting the statis-
tics of our churches was first undertaken. The annual tables have been pre-
pared ten years by a secretary of the American Congregational Union, and thir-
teen years by Rev. Dr. Quint The denomination owes a debt of gratitude to
Dr. Quint for his untiring labors in this department He is the only person who
has been connected with the Quarterly during its entire history, and it will be
with regret that its old patrons miss his name on the present number ; while
all his Christian brethren will sympathize with him in his continued physical
prostration. The general form of the tables, principally elaborated by him, is
retained in the present number. We have made each State commence at the top
of the page, so far as we could do so without an undue sacrifice of space.

We have omitted the statistics of the Dominion of Canada and of Jamaica,

i8;6] Editor^ s Table. 91

becanse the churches of the former have now a year-book of their own, and
because we intend within the jrear to give summaries not only of these churches
but also of Congregational churches in all lands.

The alphabetical order is carried out further this year than ever before ; greater
imiformity in the mode of stating the details is secured, and more pains is taken
and more expense is incurred in bringing the pastoral record and ministerial
addresses down to the latest possible date. Entire freedom from errors we do
not claim, but we have spared no reasonable amount of time or labor in the effort
to secure the highest degree of correctness practicable. Slight errors in some of
the summaries appended to the statistics of the several States are corrected in
the tables of summaries, pp. 178-181. Our thanks are due to the secretaries of
the several State organizations for their promptness and patient co-operation.

If any minister, connected with any association or conference, finds his name
omitted from the alphabetical list, we would thank him to inform us of it If
any one finds an error in his name, or in his post-office address, he will please
communicate the fact to us. Where the name is not given in full we would
thank each brother to drop us a cau'd, giving his name, including the middle name.
If any minister on the list changes his post-office address during the year^ we
would request him to inform us of the fact immediately, and his latest address
will be given in the next number of the Quarterly,

A small beginning is made in Comparative Statistics in this number. We hope
to give additional instalments in the future. In the first table under this head in
the present number, the first copies struck off give the number of Congregational
Church members as 337,883, it should be 338,313. The inaccuracy was discovered
while the " form " was on the " press," and was corrected. Most of the copies
printed are right The total of church members, in the five denominations given,
is 4,476,427, as appears in most of the copies printed.

It will be impossible to complete our record of Vital Statistics for 1875 previous
to the issue of the July number.

The greatest desideratum in connnection with the statistics of our denomination
is uniformtty of returns in the different States. As the retunis are now made,
there is an endless diversity, which it is impossible to reduce to a perfect system.
The degree of system and uniformity g^ven to the returns, as presented in the
Quarterly^ costs an amount of labor which no man can appreciate who has not
worked his way through a similar labyrinth. To secure such uniformity as is
desirable, it is necessary that the best possible schedules as to church and
minbterial statistics, and as to benevolent contributions, should be prepared and
presented to the State bodies for their adoption. In some of the States but very
slight changes would be necessary.

We now propose to enter into correspondence with the officers of all the State
bodies on this subject, and if such schedules can be prepared and adopted, we
will, if desired, furnish each State with all needed copies of blanks at cost, thus
aaving trouble to the officers of all the State bodies, and expense to the bodies
themselves, while securing the uniformity so much to be desired.

92

Quarterly Record.

[Jan.

QUARTERLY RECORD.

OHURGSES FORKED.

1875.

ALBERT VILLAOB, He., Not. SS, IS ai<
bcrs.

AXGKIJCA. Wi«., Sept. 14, 13 members.

AUKUR'k, M'., Sep'. 16, 23 members.

B< »y H' injM-'-, I) .k. Ter.

BUr>A FLAT"^, Xeb.. Aug 29. 17 members.

DORR Ctf.NTtiK, Mich., Not. 11, 12 mem-
b'-r*.

FARRAGUT. lo., Oct. 3, 35 members.

F VHBBK. M ).. Dec 14. 29 members.

HIGIILAXD PUECIXCT. Xeb., Nov. 16,
12 m«fnb r«.

KIKWAN. Km.. ^cU 22, 10 members.

MXCOLX CE.VTRE, Dak. Ter., Sept. 12,
8 mr'mbe'-«.

IC \DI:RA, Kin , Xor. 10. 50 mombers.

MELR »8B lllOifLANDS. Mass., Sept. 30.

PORTER'S BLQPP. Baud Moantaln, AU.,
Oct. 17, 1 ; membcra.

ROUND QROVE. Minn., Not. 12, 13 mem-
bers.

BTOUX RAPIDS, To.. Nov. 4, 11 members.

BPAKTANSBUUG, Pa., Oct. 15, 25 mem-
l»crii.

BTEL'BENVILLE, Ohio, Oct. 22, 40 mem.
bcrn.

BUM vf IT. Neb , 8(»pt. 21. 20 members.

WATEIILOO, Wis., Barton Ch., 25 mem-
ber*.

WOODBURY, VU, Nov. 30, 23 members.

MINISTERS OEDAIHED.
1875.

BALDWIN, JOHN A., over the Cb. In New
Baltimore. Mich., Oct 14. Rt-rmon by
Rev Z ich TV K«idy, n. d., of Detroit.

BEACH. 8 \MURU to the work of the Min-
i*trv In Ci»r injf. lo., Nov. 11.

BRI.STOr.. FKANK L., to the work of the
Mi'iistry in Halifax. Mass., Oct. 21. Scr-
mon by Rev R ibert G. 8. McNcille, of
Brockton. Ordaining pr-iyer by Kev.
Thi ophiluB P. Snwin, of Middleboro'.

BRUCK, vVALI.ACB, to the work of the
Minis'ry in Minkaio, Minn., Sept. 30.
Sermon by Rev. L. Henry Oobb, of Min-
neapoliM.

BUGBKy, WILL 8., over the Ch. in West
Stcwartatown, N. H , Oct. 22. Sermon
by Rev. Leoimrd W. Harris, of Cole-
brook. Ord lining prayer by Rev. Ed-
wnrd IT. Greeley, of Concord.

BURR, aU-^ TI V II., over the Ch. in Frank-
lin, N. H.. Nov. 3. Sermon by Rev. J.
Henry Thayer, d. d., of Andover Semi-
nary. Oidiiining prayer by Rev. Moses
T. Uann''Ifi, of Snubornton.

0HILD3, JAMES U., over the Oh. in By-
fli'lil. Most., Sept. 7. Sermon by Rev.
Egh-rt C. Smyth, D. D., of Andover
Seminary.

OHO ATE, NV A SHINGTON, over the Frank,
li I St.Ch.in M.inch Bter, N. H., Sept 29.
Sermon by It4*v. William I. Buditigton,
D. D., of Brooklyn, N". Y. Ordnlnlng
pray*'r by Riv. William H. Fenn, of
Portland, Me.

OOLWBLL, JOHN W., to the work of tho
Mluitftry in West Concord, N. H , Sept.
22. Sermon by Rev. Jeremiah Taylor.
D. D , of Provide ce, R. I. Ordaminf
prayer by Rev. Nathaniel Booton, D. D.,
of Concord.

DARLING. LBANDBR A., to the work of
the Ministry In Charlestown, Ma^s., Sept.
15. Ordal ning prayer by Kev. William 8.
Habbell, of EmsI Moracrvilie.

EASTMAN, SAMUEL E., over the Ch. In
8wami»»cott, Mass., Oct 28. Sermon by
Rev. George N. Anthony, of P«'abody.
Ordaining prayer by Kev. John L. Tay-
lor. D. D.. of Andover Seminary.

EMBRICK, F. E , to the work of the Mini*,
try in Auburn, Me.. 8 pt. 16. Sermon
by liev. Georve W. Field, D. D., of Ban-
gor. Ordaining prayer by Rev. Joseph
Torrey. of Yarmoatti.

FISHE R. O KE X D , over the MlMlon Chapel
Ch. in Cievelaid, O.. Sept. 28. Sermon
by Rev. Juatin E. Twitehell, of CleTO.
la'id. Ordaining prayer by Rev. Samnal
Woicott, D. n., of Cleveland.

FOS PER, JOHX, to the work of the Minis-
try in Sedgwick City. Kan., Oct. 90.
Sermon by Kev. Linua Blakesley. of To-
P'-ka. Otd.nining prayer by Rev. SamiMl
Dlllev, of Reno Centre.

HAR r, WILLIAM D., over the Ch. in Little
Compton, R. I , Oct. 1. Sermon by Rev.
Michael Bamham, of Fall River, Mass.
Ordaining prnver by Rev. Jeremiah Tay-
lor. D. D , of Providence.

niGGINS, JONATH AN E., to the work of
the Ministry in Rochei^ter, Mlch^ Oet.
20. Sermon by R«;v. Homer J. Parker,
of Pontiac. Ordaining prayer by Rer.
Minor W. Falrfii-ld. of Romeo.

JONES. DAVID B.. to the work of the Minis-
try in Manknto, Minn., 8ep^ 30. Sermon
by Kev. L. Henry C<>hb, of Minneapolis.

JONKS. GU8TAVU8 W.. over the Ch. in
Winternort, Me., Nov. 9. Sermon by
Rev. William M. Barbour, d. d., of Ban.

g>r Seminary. Ordaiiiini; prayer by Ber.
tephon Tharston, D. D., of Searsnort.

LADD. HENRY M.,over the Ch. in Walton,
N. Y., Oct. 6. Sermon by Kev. Ge<>rge
N. Webber, d. d., of Tr>y. Ordaining
prayer by Rev. J. 8. Patten gill.

LEE, LUCIUS O., over the Ch. in Owoeso,
M ich., Nov. 17. Sermon by Rev. Zaehary
Eddy, D. D., of Detroit. Ordaining prayer
by Rev. Richard Cordley, d. d., of Flint.

MAR8TEN, FRANCIS E., over the Ch. in
AtUeboro' Falla, Mass., Sept. 29. Ser-
mon by Tlev. John O. Meitns, D. D., of
Boston Highlands.

McCRAKEN, FRANCIS, over the Ch. in
Dodge Centre, Minn., Dec. 3. Sermon
by Kev. L. Henry Cobb, of Minneapolis.
Ordaining prayer by Rev. John N. Pow-
ell, of Plymouth, Wis.

MOULTON. E. C, to the work of the Minis-
try in Fayette, To., Oct. 7. Sermon by
Rev. Jamea B. Gilbert, nf Buckingham.

OAEUY, TAMES, over the Ch. In Klk Point,
Dak. Ter.. Ort.il. Sermon by Rev. John
n. Morley, of Sioux City, To. Ord:iinlng
>rayei by Rev. Charles Beccombe, of
>reen Island, Neb.

Gi

1876.]

Quarterly Record.

93

OSGOOD, BXNRY H., to tbe work of the
Ministry in Naples, Me., Sept. 8. Bennon
by Rev. Albert Cule, of OorniBh. Ordain-
ing pra^ er by Rev. Andrew J. Smith, of
Waterrord.
BBTNOl JDS, LAURISTON, to the work of
tbe Mioietry in Aubam, Me., Sept. 16.
Bennon by Rer. Qeorge W. Field, d. d.,
of Bangor. Ordaining prayer by Rev.
^oe^ph Torrey, of YarmoQtn.

8AKDFORD, W. C., to the work of the Min-
latiy in Oak Grove, Wis., Dec. 1. Ser-
mon by Rev. Knoe J. Montague, of Fort
Atkinson. Ordaining prayer by Rev.
Bmith Norton, of Ripon.

BTBARN8, CHARLES 0., lo the work of
the Ministry Id West Hartford, Ot.« Sept.
90. Bermoa by Kev. Ellas H. Rlchard-
•on, of Hartford. Ordalnii^g prayer by

Rev. William L. Gage, of Hartford.

BTBVENSON, JuHN O., over the Ch. in
Ellsworth, Ct., Oet. 26. Sermon by Kev.
Charles N. Fitch, of North Cornwall.
Ordaining prayer bv Rev. Alexander B.
Bullions, D. D., of Soaron.

8TI0KEL, EDWIN C, to the work of the
MinMry in Oberlin, O., Si-pt. 20. Or-
daining prayer by Rev. Jonn Morgan,
l>. D., of Oberlin College.

WEBSTER, GEOKGK J., to the work of the
Ministry in Sheffield, O.. Oct. 14. Ser-
mon by Kev. Holland B. Fry, of Clarldon.
Ordaining prayer by Rfcv. Hiram Mead,
D. D., of Oberlin Seminary.

WHIT i LE8EY. NATHAN H., to the work
of the Miniotry in Corning, lo., Oct. 1.
Sermon by Rev. Edwin S. Hill, of Atlan-
tic. Ordaining prayer by Kev. L. S.
Willfams, of Gioiiwood.

WINCH, GEORGE W., over tbe l»t Ch. in
Enfield, Ct., Oct. 6. Sermon by Rev.
Nathaniel J. Burton, D. D., of Hartford.
Ordaining prayer by liev. Wm. Thomp-
son. D. D., of Unriford Seminary.

WIN8LOW, JACOB, to the work of the
Ministry in Dover, O., Oct. 7. Sermun
by Rev. James Brand, uf Oberlin. Or-
dining prayer by Rev. Chauncey N. Pond,
of Berea.

MHISTERS RECEIVED FROM OTHER
DEII0HINATI05S,

1875.

BILLMAN, Rev. IRA C, Ohio.
COLEM.AN, liev. GKOUGE A., Ohio.
GRAHAM, D. M., D. D., Mich.
EKI.SEY, Rev. H>UaM L.. Hollis^N. H.
KUTZ. Rev HENliY D., Findlay, O.
BPROLK, Rev. W. T., u. D., Detroit, Mich.
MUONKY, Rev. W., Keedsburt^, Wis.
WILD. Rev. JOStPH, d.D., Uruoklyn, N.Y.
WOODRUFF, Rev. J. D., Lebanon, N. Y.

MIEI8TEES INSTALLED.

1875.

ADAMS, Rev. FRANKLIN H., over theCh.
in New Hartford, Ct., Oct. 15. Seimon
by Rev. Lavaette Periin, n. d., of WoI-
eotiville. Installinir prnyer by Rev. Leav-
IttH. Ilallock. of We8i Winsted.

ARMS. Rev. WILLIAM F., over the Ch. in
Sunderland, Ma»s., Dec. 1. Sermon by
Rev. liirim P. Arms, D. d., of Norwich
Town, Ct.

BACON, Bev. EDWARD W., over the Ch.
in Sprit gfield, III., Oct. 28. b'ern.on by
Rev. Leonard Bacun, d. d., of Yale Sem-
inary.

BARROWS, Rev. SIMON, over the 1st and
2d Cbs. in Osceola, &eb., Sept. 22. Ser-
mott by Rev. Hordtlo N. Gates, of
Omaha.

BAT1\ Kev. WILLIAM J., over the Ch. in
Stonehara, Mass., Nov. 11. Sermon b

non by
, N. H.

Rev. Smith Byington, of Exeter
Instalhng prayer by Rev. William H.
Wilioox, of Reading.

BEDFORD, Rev. R. C, over the Ch. in Ver-
montviUe, llich., Nov. 80. Sermon by
Rev. Frank Ras^ell, of Kalan.azoo. Or-
daining prayer by Rev. Charles S. fc>poon-
er, of Olivet.

BOND, Rev. J. J., over the Ch. in West
Spring Creole, Pa., Oct. IS. Sermon by
Rev. £11 Cor win, d. d., of Jameatown,
N.Y.

BOS WORTH, Rev. W. A., over the Ch. in
Deering (Woodford's Corner), Me., Nov.
10. Sermon by Uev. Leonard Z. Ferris,
of Gorham. InsttilliDg piayer by Rev.
William Warren, d. i>., of Uoriiam.

BOYNION, Rev. FRANOlei H, over the
Ch. in Raynham, lria^s., Nov. 17. Ser-
mon by Rev. Henry M. Dtxier, d. D., of
New Bedford. Inatallirg prayer by Rev.
Erastus Maltby, of Tauiuun.

OONKLING, Rev. BENJ.vMIN D., over the
Ch. in Whitewater, Wis , Oct. 2U. Ser-
mon by Rev. Leander T. Chamberlain,
ofOhicagu, III.

CRAWFORD, Rev. SIDNEY, over the Ch.
in Lyons, lo., Nov. 11. Sermon by Rev.
Jorl S. Bingham, d. d., of Dutmuue. In-
stalling prayer by Rev. Edward P. Whit-
ing, of Du rant.

EVEUES T, Rev. A. E., over the Ch. In Lud-
low, III., Oct. — . S«-rmon by Rev. (jeorge
N. Boardman, D. d., of Chicago Semi,
nary.

GLADDEN, Rev. WASHINGTON, over
the North Ch. in Sprlnxtield, Ma«s.,
Sept. 21. Strmon by Rev. Kdwnrd P.
Parker, d. d., of Hartford, Ct. installing
prayer by Rev. Samuel G. Buckingham,
D. D., of Sprinuticld.

GOODRICH, licv. LOUIS, over the Ch. In
Warren, Me., Nov. 3. Sermon by Itev.
John O. Fislce, d. d., of l^atli. Installing

Srayer by Rev. Williiun F. Obear, of
ewcastle.

GREKNli, Rev. RICHARD O , over the
Trinity Ch. in Oranjfo, N. J., Nov. 11.

HILL, Rev CHARLES J., c.v« r the South
Ch. in Middletowri, Ct., Nov. 19. Ser-
mon by Rev. John E. 1'. dd, of New Ha-
ven, inatalling prayer by Itev. Leonard
Bacon, d. D., of Yalo Seuiuary.

HILL. Kev. JOSHUA A., ov. r the Talcott
St. Ch. in Hnrtfoid, C(., Oct. 27. Seimon
by Rev. H. D. Noithiop, of ll.rtfurd.

HOLMES, Rev lIfc.NKY M., over the Ch. in
Souihboro', Ma^8., Oct. 27. Seimon by
Rev. Samuel E. lleirlck, of Bosion.

HOOKEli, Rev. EinVAKD r., .ver the Ch.
In Castlfton. Vt., Dec. 2. Seimon by
M iithew H. Buckham, of Uuiveroiiy of
Vermont.

JONKS, Rev. HENRY W.. over the North
Ch. in ^^t. Johnebury, Vt . Nov. 18. Ser-
mon bv Rev. Henry M. Parsons, of Boa-
ton, Maes. Iiistalliiig piayer by Rev.
John P. Humphrey, of 6t. Johnabury.

9*

[Jan.

AM Or Sf» Ch. la Sew Hj(«^e«, Cl, Kct.

frOBft Um

M Uvr^^/m. Me, 5<rr. M.
IBrr, aI^ rtCote of CoracAh.

TAibO}, Wtr. M \RTIX K^
te Vt iIti.A.^ftrld aod Will

Id Ob.

U; O , Oct U, BemoB br Bcr. Ja*:la
" Clr^viaBd.

K, IvilrLrll, of

^T^ jer bj B«v. btephem D Feet, of

KORe..**CKASd. Rrr. D.W., o¥«r thm Cb.
ia L.t.l« taL*. Mii.n , Not. IX. Sennoa
ft/<4 i Ji ftliixi^ prajrer bj Kcr. L. Ucaiy
O&M, of liio(*e«puUs.

id/r J , Ker. GLOKoE R. W^ over the
KoUpV*ihs Ch. it. Fitciibarf. Mam., Dec
1. HcrmtM by Bier Jacob M. Manniof,
l>. D. of B<.MuO. iDStailiDg pra>er bj
krr. Il«rDf7 C. Fay, of TowDMrDd.

8IMMO>0. H4.T. U. c, oT«r ibe Ch. ia Mar-
ab«.l, Uutu., r^pu 'M.

Bi'iUJLt.^ K>r. W. T., D. D., orer the Sd
Cb. hi L»«l4oit. Mich.. Dec. 1. Sermon
by lUrv. Zachary Kddy, D. D., of DeUoU.
Iii«UU.i'g |/ra>' r by Rer. i'hilo B. Burd,
v,UfO( luitoo Uap.da.

WAKELN, iu;v. WILLIAM H., OTer the
Ch. in DprliJi^id. O., Oct. 26. tiermun
by ller. chJrUs B. Boyntou, D. D., of
Oiodaxatt. li.at*iliog piaycr by Rev.
fjainu€ri WolCi^tt, u. o., of C-ereUod.

WEHTOATK, Uev. ANaKL W., uv* r the
Ch. In tiockUuid.Maae, Oct. 6. bermon
by Her. Ueuige F. buuiton, of South
Wtyaionth.

W0OJ>0(>cK, Kcv. HARRY B.. over the
Cli. in Tonga'iozie. Kao., Oct. U. Bet-
0Km by R« v. Fr.aicis T. Ingalis, of Atch-
Uon. li.aia liug prayer by H*^. Albert
M. KichardM^ii. of Lawi euce.

WKiailT, K* T. W. £. 0., over the Maple
St. Ch. ill I^auvvra, Ma«s., Oct. 12. ber.
mon by lU'V, Edward Uawi**, of New
H»\en, Cu Inotatliiif prayer by Uer.
James II. Kitis, of Topaneld.

TOUNO, Uev. JOHN U., over the Ch. In
Ironuin. O., Oct. 3. Sermon by Rev.
Ju*tin K. Twiiehell, of Cleveland.

MIHI8TES8 DISMISSED.

1876.

ABBOTT, Rev. JACOB J., from the lit Ch.

Ill Yarmouth, Me., Oct 14.
AYRKS. Hi v. WALTKli, from the Ch. in

Lebanon, N. H., S«pu 'I4,

by eCKNEY, RtfT.

fl»Ob.tB

WILilAM K.
Not. U.
J« SEPU L..
M. ClL, Oct. SL

John, ftom the CSln-
Ch.faiCkic«» IJ., Sept. SI.

vam tbe Ob. Ib

Ct- '

WILLIAM, from tbe
CaIaiB.Me^ K«.t. lO.

the Ch. la JaM-
N.IL

Brr. J- >HS R., from the Cb.
Mc, Scpc 14.

ELI b.. fram tbo IM Cb.
in Cb cvpcc Mam., Oct. IL

THOMAS. fr<om the
ia Pk.ti6eki. Mm*.

JoaH H^ from the Cb. la
Foxc». A and Dorer, Me.. Jane 10.
HARRIS, Rtv. JOHN L.. from the Cb. !■

tiiBBfTUr.MMa.
HILL, Rev. CHARLES J., from the Cb. ta

Ani^ta. Cl., Oct. U.
HOFLEV. Rev. SAMUEL, from the Cb. la

Wrrt &orkbridff«r, Ma*a^ Oct. S8.
HUMPHREYS, Rev GKoRGE F., from the

Cb. in .North AaUirrK, MaM., Not. 4.
KAKR, Rev. WiLUAM 8 , from the Irt
Evan. Cb. fai Gambrldgeport, Mam.,
Nov. 21.
KIMBA LL, Rev. WOODBURY 8., fhMB the

IK Cb. in Greecfield, Mass , Oct. 4.
LEON AHD. Rev. EDW IN, from ibe Cb. ia

So. DtArtmooth, M;4aa., Nov. 3.
MAKVIN, B»v. ABIJAU P.. fram tbeCb.

io Lancaster. Ma^., Oct. SI.
MATTIiEW:^, Rev. S. SUKUBORN, ftom

the Cb. in Wilinl' gf n, MaM., Oct. ».
MAY. Rev. T. M ELB »URN E, fhnn tbe Oh.

ia Qnechee. Yu, * >ct. 'M.
MU.N'GKK, Rev. THSOlX»RB T., from the

ElkH Ch. in La Wf voce, Mass., Feb. U.
PARK. Rev. WILLLAM E.. fiom VbeOm.

tr»l Ch. in Lavrreoci*, Mam , Nov. 3.
PAlTbN, R^v. MobES, from the Cb. In

Carlisle, Mam., Dec. s.
POWkLL Rev. John N., from theCh.bi

Plymouth, Wle., May.
SAVAGE. Rev. WILLIAM H., ftom the

Ch. in JsckaooTi le. 111.
SPRING, R*v. LEVERbTT W., fiom the

Rollst*'De Ch. in FItchba g. Mass.
TILL0T60N, Rev. GilORUE J., from the

Cb. Ifi Usmipton, Ct., Oct. 26.
TORREY, Rev. JOSKPH, from the Ch. In

East Uardwick, Vt , Feb. 1.
TUXiiURY, Rev. FRANKLIN, from the

Cb. in Brandon, Vi., Nov. 26.
TWINING. Rev. KINGS LKY. fh>m the
Union Ch. in Providence, R. I., Nov. 19.
WALKkR, Rev. GEORUB F., fhua the

Ch. in Ash by, Mam.. Nov. 18.
WATERMAN. Rev. WILLIAM A., fh>m

the Cb. in Cameron, Mo.
WOODWOUTH, Rev. WlLIJAM W.,lhMa
the Cb. in GriancU, Io., Nov. 17.

MIBISTERS MARRIED.

1876.

BEACH — HASKELL. In Norwich Town,
CU, Dec. 2, Rev. Nathaniel Beach to Mrs.
Maria L. Haskei', both of Woodstock.

1876.]

Quarterly Record.

95

OHOATB — WHITON. In BrooklTn, N.

Y.» Sept. *il, Her. Washington Choate,

of liaiichi sttr, N. H., to MIm Omoe U.

WliitOD, of Brooklyn.
PK&INU — BAILEY. In Bosemond, III.,

Oct. 2B. RcT. Chbrles T. Dering to MUs

Mary J. Bailey, hoih of Roaonauud.
DICKINSON — BAWAKTH. In Philadel-

pbUu Pa., B«pt. 27, B*^v. WiUlaiu O.

l)lekln*'on, of Crt-ston 111., to Mra. Mary

BawArth. of PliilHdelphia.
ILL10T--UOUQDON. In Oampton.N.H.,

Not. ao, IUt. Lcfter U. KlUut, of Brad.

ibid, Vi., to MUa Blisabcih P. Hodgdon,

of Ounpton.
DCBHSON — BREWSTBR. In Deerfield,

MMa<*., Oct. 27. Kcv. Thomns A. Kmer»on,

of Braiiitree, to Mrs. Fiancea U. Brew-
ster, of Dverflvld.
IVAMB— TAUBoX. In Wyoming, Pa.,

Nov. 28, Hit. John kTana, of BLingatoo,

to Ml»8 Kmellne Tarbox.
FBKKMAN — VVOODUUFF. In New Ha.

Ten. CU. Bept.23,EeT. John K. Freeman,

of Boscaweii, N.ll^ to Mi«a H. Jeunle

Woodruff, • f New Haven.
&ATi£ti — U AZEN. In hpringfleld, Mass.,

Oct. aiS Bcv. Loren H. Gates to Miss

Fanny B. Uwxen, of Springfield.
OOULD— ULADDINU. In Providence,

B. 1., Oct. 21), i<*^T. Edwin 8. Qould, to

Mi<« Pbebe 8. Gladding, both of Prov.

idence.
HILLYKK— EDWARDS. In Cleveland, O.,

8«pt. 22. RtfT. 8. Lve Hillyer, of Wood.

bridge. N. J., to Miss Ella Edwards, of

CleTol ^nd.
BOLRROOK — MOULTON. In New Ha-

Tt-n, Ci., Oct. 2U, Rev. D. 8. Holbiook, uf

Ellington, tj Mi«s Carrie G. Moulton, of

New I J awn.
KENDALL — PLIMPTON. In Walpole,

lln»s , Oct. 27. R(V. Henry L. Ecndnll to

Mi-s O. Idelhfc Plimpton, both of Wal-

PIE^ e' — MCGREGOR. In Derry, N. H..
Sept. 16, Uev. GiOrge Pierce, Jr., of
Milfurd, to Miss Lucy McGtegor, of

Dciry.

FISRSON — HARDING. In Souervillo,
liar's., Oct. 21, Rev. William H. I'icrson
to Mi«s Carrie H. Harding, both of bom.
enilie.

REKD — BL'SHNEIL. In Oberlin, O., Oct.
21. Hit. Arthur T. R^ed, of Medina, to
Miss Kate if. Bushn«:ll, of dberlin.

ROWLAND — GOULD. In Porilami. Me.,
Oct. 6, IUt. L}man 8. Kon^land, of fc'ara*
V>ga rprii'gs, N. Y, to MUs Kllxabith
M. Gould, of I'ortland.

BTKARN 8 — SEYMOUR. In We«t Hart,
lurd, Ct , Sfut. '^U, Uev. Charles C. dtcarns
to M iss Sopoie D. P. beyoiour, ol West
Uattf id.

WRIGHT — JACK. In P<.rtland, Mc, Oct.
ft, Ker. A bid H. Wright to Mias Clara E.
Jack, both of Portland.

MUriBTEES DECEASED.

1876.

ADAMS, Rev. GEORGE E.,d.d., in Orange,

N. J., Dec. 26, in bis 75th year.
AYER, Rev. JOtiElMl, in Sumersville, Ct.,

Deo. 26, in bis 83d year.
BACHEL1.ER, Rev OILMAN, in Maehias.

poit. Me., Bt'pt. 27, in his 80th year.
BAKER, Rev. JAMES &>., in Onondaga Val.

ley, N. Y., Nov. 14, in his &6th year.
BARKER, Rev. DAVid R., iu College

bprinffs, lo., Oct. 22.
BENEDICT, Rev. WILLIAM U., in Ver-

montviliu, Micb.,Oct. 18, in his 68(h year.
DAVIKB, Rev. EVaN, in Tyurhos, o.,

8ept. 3, in his 67ih year.
EATON, Rev. JOSliUA, in Bangor, Me.,

Dee. 9, in his 74th ytrur.
HUDSON, Rev. OYUUS, in Springfield, 111.,

Dec. 12, in his 7&th year.
MILES, Rev. JAMES B., d. d., in Woroes.

U>r, Mass., Nov. 14, in bis 63d year.
OWEN, Rev. WILLIAM, in Coalbnrgh, C,

June 14, in his Slet yt ar.
SANFOHD. Rev. DAVID, in Medway,

Mnss , Dec. 17, in his 75th year.
WARD, Key. JAMES W., m SchoylklU

Haven, Pa., Oct. .— .

MIHI8TEE8' 17I7E8 DECEASED.

1876.

CAD WELL, Mrs. PAMELIA, wife of the

iatc Kev. C. C, la Caput, Mo., Dec. 13, in

ber 66th year.
CROSS, Mrs. OLIVK W., wife of Rev. Wel.

lin^on R., in Orono, Me., Sept. 27, in

her 30th year.
EMEUSON. Mrs. ELIZA R , wife of the Uta

Rev. Ralph, D.D.,iu Rockford, Iil.,ia ber

8Jtb yenr.
INGRAHAM, Mrs. ABIGAIL G., wife of

the late liev. John H , in Bangor, Me.,

Nov. 26, in her 86ih year.
MILLIKEN, Mis. SAiC.vU W., wife of Rev.

Charles K., in Littleton, N. H , Deo. 8.
PEN FIELD, Mrs. MAiCGAKKT M., n^ife

of licv. bamuel, la Warnn, IU., Sept. 20,

in her 61 ►t year.
PERRY, Mrs. L. G., wiftj of the late Rev.

Baxter, in Lyme, N. II., Nov. 13, in her

87th year.
BMIIH, Mrs. CATHA RINK, wife of Ri'T.

Eljah P., in Daiivilio, lo., 6epU 24, in

her 48ih year.
STOiiHS, Mrs. M. B., wife of the lato Rev.

Jubn, in Ainlierst, Ma-s., Nov. 20.
TAYLOR. Mrs. CAKOU-NK H.wUeofthe

late Kev. Timothy A., in ^laiersvLk', R.

I., Oct. 4, in her ti&)th yuar.
TUCKKR, Mrs. liANNAii. wife of the late

Rev. h,lijah W.,ia South Newmarlcet. N.

U., Oct. 12.

96

American Congregational Union.

[Jan.

THE AMERICAN CONGREGATIONAL UNION.

Quarterly Statement,

The following appropriations have been paid, being in full or in part,
since those reported in October, 1875: —

Wyoming:,

///. I St C

rong. (

Zhurc

h . . .

I50000

Grand River,

Iowa, **

((

(i

(Special, $163) . . ,

56300

Garfield,

Kan,

<i

u

(Special, $154) . . .

554.00

Parsons,

" 1st

<»

i<

(Special, $1,822) . . .

2,272.00

Onekema,

Mich, Ger.

«

(i

125.00

Albert Lea,

(i

«

i<

(Loan) . . .

1,00000

Alexandria,

" ISt

(i

«

50000

Little Falls,

<{

u

i<

(Special, $433 ) . .

833.00

Enfield,

N,H.

«

({

(Special) . . .

25.00

Mauston,

Wis.

<4

«

200.00

$6,572.00

The work of the Union has shared in the embarrassment experienced
in other departments of benevolence resulting from the financial crisis
through which the community is called to pass. The falling off in the
regular receipts of the Union has been very slight, — less, probably, than
that of any other of our benevolent societies. This evidence that the
society and the work in which it is engaged are retaining their hold upon the
confidence and sympathy of the churches is gratifying and hope-inspiring.

The officers of the Union plead not only that there may be no retrench-
ment, but that there may be a decided advance in the contributions of the
churches to the objects which it has in charge. Its receipts, relative to
those of other agencies engaged in the general benevolent enterprise of
our denomination, are not what they should be. This fact arises from the
Union being a comparatively new organization, and on this account not
having yet gained a place on the schedule of benevolence in many of our
churches, and also from a neglect on the part of our churches generally to
consider in the apportionment of their offerings the relative claims of dif-
ferent departments of Christian work.

Our Methodist brethren give more than twice as much for church-erection,
and the Presbyterians more than three times as much as is given by the
churches of our denomination. They appreciate the relations of a house
of worship to the efficiency of a local church. They appreciate also the
relations of the church-building work to the general cause of home mis-
sions. A church continues to be a missionary church so long as it
remains destitute of a house of worship. In the contrast between having
a church dependent on the charities of other churches, and having it aid
in supplying funds to augment our means for beneficence, is seen the no
uncommon result of the operations of the American Congregational Union.

The demands of this work are great. Will the churches meet them ?

Ray Palmer, Cor. Sec, 69 Bible House, New York.

C. CusHiNG, Cor. Sec, 20 Congregational House, Boston.

N. A. Calkins, Treas., 69 Bible House, New York.

THE

ANNUAL STATISTICS

OP THB

AMERICAN CONGREGATIONAL

MINISTERS AND CHURCHES.

COLLECTED IN THE YEAR 1875

BY THB

SECRETARIES OF THE SEVERAL STATE

ORGANIZATIONS,

AND COMPILED FOR THIS PUBLICATION

BY

THE EDITOR.

98 Statistics. — Explanations. p^an.

EXPLANATIONS.

The statistical publications of tiie sereral State orgamzatioiis of dmrches, in
1^75, are reprodoced in the following tables, with reports obtained \sj corre-
sp«>ndence from sections where none are printed.

We assume no aathoritv whatever as to inserting or omitting drarcbes or names
of ministers. The several State Secretaries, representing their own organizations,
are alone authoritative so far as we are concerned.

Oar rules governing their reproduction are : —

1. To maJce each State list conform strictly to the SiaU boundaries Chnrchet
*n ministers reported by the Association of a State other than their own are, there-
fore, transferred to their proper places ; and the sommaries are corresponding
corrected.

2. To give the States, and to re-arrange the cities and towns in any State
(originally grouped in local organizations), in strictly alphabetical order; but
churches in any town are given in the order of their age.

3. To make new tables each year. No church or name of minister is broogfat
from last year. " Last year*s report ^ is always omitted, but the membership of
enrolled churches and of their Sabbath schools not reporting are indoded in the
summary of their State, provided such a church has re]x>rted within two 3reank
The list of churches of this year is compared, name bv name, with that of latt
year, and all variations are specifically mentioned with the State summary, so
that each church can be traced from vear to year.

4. To examine carefully all the tames, with a view to correctiou or additiom by
correspondence, espedally to correct " pastoral supply " to the latest moment ; die
several State Secretaries often doing this.

5. To complete the statistics by (i) giving in some form every statistical fiict
obtainable, — items given by some States, but not by all, being aggregated with
the respective State summaries ; and (2) putting into finished State and general
summaries, with ''totals" in all cases, everything capable of it

As to minor explanations*:

When any church is given in brackets, it is one organized since the date of State
report, and is not included in the summary, but is inserted for information.

The column of pastoral supply, list of licentiates changed by ordination, and
Post Office addresses, are corrected to the time of our going to press ; but no snch
clianges are allowed to affect the summaries made at the annual dates in the several
States.

Licentiates are not reckoned as ministers. Churches supplied by such, or by
ministers of other denominations, are reckoned as vacant ; but the number of sucn
churches is given with each State summary.

The relation of ministers to churches is designated thus : installed pastors by
" p." ; acting or uninstalled pastors, by ** a. p." But when, in any State, some are
marked " p." and others are not marked, those others are *' a. p." and so con*
verselv

Under "Church Members," "Absent" are induded as "Males," "Females,"
and " Total." " Additions," etc, cover the twelve months next preceding the
date given at the head of every page.

Post Office addresses of ministers are not given in the table, bat in the general
alphabetical " List of Ministers " following the summaries.

C. C.

i87&] Statistics. — Alabama; California. 99

THE STATISTICS OF THE CHURCHES.

ALABAMA.

FkHuaKmmfl. |

"""'™- 1

CB.UUB'BB.

Ocl. t, 1816.

y-A '"i»-

■"-"•1

iJll

i

I

U

a

III

<

1

1
a

,. A. B<ibDrC4, 'is
.1. R. UeLwn, Um.]

). mauley Pups, p. 1;
Wyait Fuller, tioM-i

•7;

10 8 la 0
8 la IT 1

la IT » (

M 38 74 U
33 43 M 10
W 41 71 B

B 4 Id 0

\

h <

M i

3 1

1

0

0

1

\

0

0
0

3

'S

«0

,1!

1U
46

■J14S40 464 BO

«

u

13

«

34

so

as

I. Emenon lutltato, 1

i; A. A. Haflbrd, Prof.

LicnnATH. — Ftia In Mbla kbon
tDHHABr — OHin

IT OoNTBiBDTiaiH: (4 Dbniohii*], |11, i

, M MbOK. Oaln i

r memben, IIB. Oiiln la Sabbath
D Inonue ot (It. ChdbchEipbbbm
■burg. Dropped tn/m tbetlit, — DOtw.

If ehnnbM),tl.l4l
CSASOSa.— CiiDBcnEa; ^bb, — Anolaian ; I

HiBonxms; No nport.
OBOAKIZATIOK' — In Iha Obntkal Bourn OoHrBBBRCE, which looludM abo GanilB.
Tmibchh, mod lliululppl.

CALIFORNIA.

~

i£

If

~r

PisTTisii

AMlocb,

WSiW. N-Mowrvu, ap.

0

3

AUmu,

Aobnm,

Nnnel

9

Bcnlci>.

h:

U. B.eurr,B.p.

m

K

a

BO

B<rkF[<-T,

B . B. l^yne, hp.

li

1)

W

'

C«l.e Orecit,

S0(

Chefjlicr,

Kg"'.

3

CUyloD.

0.A.KO...II.P.

l:

s

i

O^-rd^

S<iii;i. W. AUi<naii, B.p.

IS

ai

i 3

6

10

Dlion, "^

SBttiowrgrMofrt.. tp.

It

11

3

DooElo FlBt,

WUJ, H.°J<ibn»n,tp.

14

3

1

DalEb Flat,

AM(J. II. Uirrill, ».p.

Ed» PU1„

807| None.

EonJu,

Ml|A.F.HIU.heock.Bp.

2"

3^

8

Gllroy.

8M, J .' W.'^Brle r" Jr. ,'•[?.

1;

6ru> Vullcy,

0

B 1

sat

Hv-M<l.

Ssilj.T. Will., P.O.

n.

8

a

3

BJ

Bollitur.

BTa,W,H.CrDi., 10

76

Hjdesvillo,

S08IT. B«Ul.y, ».p.

14

L«rl.«n,

914) Ndob.

LIocdId,

S88,E. B.Hiirlblirt.«.p.

1£

3

Locktldrd,

MSjW.C.8icwatl,i..p.

76

IS

0

1

lAdt,

872 W. C. SfwirM-p.

16

Lo. Aog>l«,

sa7 D. T. l^k»rd, ..p. '64

J*

30

13S

kUnlorV

974 C. B. Tiilhtll. ..p"
ei;3A.Dnibiiu,».p-

',S

!

11

31

^

, }

I

3

ae

Murphy."

m\ None.

Kcridn,

Ml|j. Fllm>. B.p,

as

la

6

181

11

.laa

ii

AS

0>kl«tid,Ut,

m

J.K.K«L«n,p. "61

7a

m

143

SM

516

"" 0

20

10

! liri.'ii"^,)

166335

Staliitia.—Cal^T

ImMm nHHK iiiiiiiinM. 4. J. Fa«^ wiatii

awin* ART. -!>««•»

■IVJhdk)

a Mil>( paMM*:

lUhrBrafMtM: 4i«v t

Ch»pUJn,e

J. B- airong, Tauhw, i

R. L. Tiilwr. AluB^a* .

a. U- Sas'7, eu Vna^
Avan WlUiarDi, Ban :

LtOSTtATU.

MOat nponed.

■eUn( vuton: IS vumot (IniUo
■uiiwIju). TOTAr., ;o. Oain

Total, S,M0, latmdins ftlO kb

1876-] Statistics. — Cedifomia; Colcrado.

T«r]:(U,C«1.40,B

(JiWI-W; jranifD uiMion*. »3,«)».ii» ; at- ■"

OOANOSS.-OBDI
DnfnHd from It

OSQANIS&TIOS. — UnKed in ■ OiKEmAL AuociATion, which Inolada* Sano, ydradi.

BiTWTOtnn OoiTBiBuncnf* CH ohnr . ^ — ,. ,.., ,

Oriha loUl; FulHc TbeoL Sam., •M6.TD; Am. Code. Cnlon. CUi-U; Homi
"-.ralpi MUriqn»,»3,<»8.0»j^Ani.KlMloiiiTyA»»ocUaon,(830^; Azc. Blbl*

COLORADO

OntMCBM. -S

MmBTEBB. ri

SMie. 1

i

ca. Ml

)«'R«.lAdint'a

nn. |i8i*-TB,

19T4-TB.

'■^■1

i\

1

ll

1

1

f

i

a

1

a
1

i

1

1

a

BoBldn, ISM

3uniielK.IHni(Kk, -J;
jM^O^Dojgb«ty. 11

ib!;-KE;va. .,

U. K. Qolbrook. 'SS

■71

lit V

ii

to n

i

T 11

%

!

!

■:

,!

i

110

ToTALrl0„b«rch«;7.,,ir,I.W..

mS,9 86b

ilic

11

«

*

s

io

618

lo eprlnga; Edwin B.

Beadi; It.G.U
BnUUART. — Cil
CHAXQSS — CnDBCHES
OBOAIilZATION. — Th* COLORADO CONOBBaAIionAL AasOciATiOH, irhlchilio Include
the ehuRh In WjomlDi.

Hukell, Dsnier; B. S. BiinlcII, CgIdi
trado Bprlnga ; iIabbod P. Norcroii, Greciey.
:.,MBbaTe. Onlnormemlteig, U. QuId In BkbbUh BcboolB, 132.
1: ATtw, — OMilsllock. Droppidt — Dont.

Statistia. — Ccmmteticut,
CONNECTICUT.

•• Came. tS4: &o>». « it n II

bHUrubj. T-r i-fc.»Tiimli ir -f — ' " SHU

KolUaddam, i:it jJ^BxnUtOJl. %*»«:1I>1*I9

HlIU[icun,tlM Amnio e»Ach. <*t *») S «1 ~ '

EutDuifoTO, I«M Pnnk U. BuSSiB, ':i-Ta^Mta(l

EnMlUnii. ITII D. WllUanlUmw, V C Idi IT* SS

I I IID

1 I Ut

D <M

1 OIW

Bi»m

) 0 1»

U I N

■876.]

Statistics. — Cmaecticut.

Ha« and Hamo, g

UlSISTEBB. ^

Kaa>.. 1

1
1

'LT^n

Admt'd

IcmoTod.

OAfl

■i

i

1

J

1

1

a

i

3

i

1

i

ll

1

1

2

Eul Lyme. 1110

'■ North. I8fib
EaKi,CeiilTCbroak,172i

•■ K..C.. J8M
iWrfiald, 1«M

■■ OreeiiSeld, 1720

Fraokli"," "'" ' 1719

- Sooib, IBM

Srtuiwlcli. PiVil, 1707

- Beoond, 1718
Btuwlcb, 1-M

" North, 1827
Qrlt»otd, 1720

OnlUbrd, FtnC, 1830

North, 172*

Third, 19i3

Badduo, low

■■ N.-ck, 1710

•■ Illcaaiuin, 1841

Smtita. Ut.Cann1,17ei

" Whitueyiille,lTas

HanlM% kU. '■i7ii1

Hcbrun. 1717
- G1h*l, 1760

Rmt, 1741

■' Day villa, 1848
Elillngwonh, 17»8

;; ""•hen. IW

SS. i

'- NoithOxld, 170:

Lyoe. ' 172
" On«I Hill, 17*7
» Konh, 1717

Duvld H. Thayer, '63
L.T. BpaDld!nK,a.p.'S4

fieoige'w. Winch, "76
N. A. Prince, a.p. '49
J. B. Stoddard, a p. 'U
'A-B.aardlnei./T'M 'HI
it. K. Rankin, n.D..' ■44
B BOry B. BnilUi, '47

Bd™dA.Bm'llh, «6
Thorn.. B. l.avl.., •86
Franklin C.Jonei, <0S
William W. Bcudd«,'4e
Chaa. Rockwell. a.p.W
J. B. BUIotl.mp. Ita

T.^^Uorphy. I'p. '6b

OlMTla'R. Trral, TO
Homer J, Broad i"ll, 74
Alph. Wlnler, a.p. <«»
Wm B. Ulaike, a.p. 'U
J, W, Tuck, "43
John A. Woodholi, '68
TJeodDr^L.Day.a.p.|71

Geor^'wl^^k!;''';*

Q^^rw'o.'Mnn,"'^' 't!
AuaiTn Pntnam, "M

B. H. RIohordrtin, '6(

WMH

Joa.E. TwIchctI, •83
Jamc. B. anw. 1*

Kont.
L. WaniBr,ap. '87

aeorge'Curtlai, '«S
Oiii>rce B. Dodge, '72

None.
L.H.HigB:lo.,a.p. W
T. r>. Barclay, a.p. 13
Wm. H. Biiard, a.p. '07

Urlo D. tlloe! ' ' '4'
Daniel B. LorJ, -OS
□.D.Herhar(,a.p. '48
Cbu-loi Cutting, 'OS
R. 11. Chlpmau, ..p. ^6
Allen McLean, o.p. jBH

a."'. Ha7ri«<.n%''.p. '«
EnoohF. Burr, i).D.,'W
B.B.HDpk<naon.a.p.'62

'^:^ "■'■'■ '"

i

T.

'74
■71

■71

iH

1\

'7;
■7i
12

'a
-

-7.

T
'»

j

61

4<

85
88

il

29

26

188

1

1

41

121
11

is:

31
42
31

11

1

8i

86
122

126
11

06

■A

^

a
isa

86

w

82
IDO

11!

12;

111
•3

KM
83

xe

Ul

n.
w

I

6
4

18

2
120
H

1^

100
20
W

18

.88

ui

40
88

16
4.

I7'

186
ISO

iia

61

18>
2B

''.

t\
71

jai

13

D
16

1

21

la
I

31

11

]
I

W

2

I
I

'1

I

0
0

8
2

61
21

8
0

i

0

0

0
0
0
2
0
0

3
0

[

0
0

0
0

!
i

2
<

20
6
3

i

I

'.

0
0

j

1

1

1

0
2

6

6

1

M

■S

a

28C

1

M

1

176

i

271

31

is

121
60

141

!>2l

28

B(

8i

141

2»

11

7

16

10

17

I87&]

Statistics. — Comueticut.

MCUdHsiBC. I

'• Thom«.toB,

Ponlud,
l>oiPiSSJ.'K.PQinMii.niB

Bunibarr. IT

Siftiroofc.D'pBli'r.lB
BBilud, II

Oinm. n

" SlUwDitb, la

li.Coaiitrymia, Tl

Sliiney Q. biw, a.
D=B'IW.Tfll",«,. .-
[W. U. [■■rioni. AqdI.]
Wm. P. Flrtir, •.p. ■73
Dmvid E. JociH,
Jntrua On) war.

WllllBin Q.'edddh,
■ !«• A. Hurd, a.p.

0. Lunard, tup.

Spiwi]*, II
SUtbid,

" BLaObld Bp'gt, ISM

■• Ur*itc BiUecisa:

" Wolooimiie,

" Talcotmlle, li
TolDnl'n k Bleil'i, 1'
Wmincfard, li

Vsurborr, IM,

[obn HartweU,

hurU-Ww,"'"'''
irl«> C. Fidntgr,

Wllllim CUft,

fOB-Fcrat
L««lallvl-.

l-4SWIlll.e.Colloo,
\K1 DIgbloii Uosu, LP.
.lISJHsDrrUpMO, ».p.
IWWoi.AnditMiu, i.o.
ISHlEdir'd a. Beckwlll

Statistics. — CoHMeetieut.

[Jan.

rUoe and If Hne. £>

"■ 1

.

To.Tm"

Ad»t-d

Romond

-1

1

1

1

1

ill

Hi

1

1

WaWHawo, 17SS
"We.thiMok, 17M

WMlofi, 1767
Weiiport,—
'■ Ortfn'. F«nn«,1716

WBlhcrifleld. Ml

'WNIlTlglOD, 738

Wllloa. 7W

'■.'■■ssa, ffi

- WcatWinitwl, 86*

'!:""'»,.„»., S

Triad r-or. «30

■Wl^d^or'^cta^ HI
■WolDOtl, 778
'Woodbrldie, 74S

: Si

Jeo. A, Brjian, a.p'. '4B '7>

[ZH-'iahkert, P«rt.]j'16

Benjamin J. Kclyaa. ■jfl'>Sl

Aaron U. AduBj, '35 |01

J.™ M. Mrtnlnr'"' '14 W
Arthur flood anongh/M. TO

Lurtll B. BallODk. 'a7'>73

Bora™ Wfn.low, 'il\t»
Gowen 0. ■Wllion, 1H ■«
Wm. H. Ftilpp*, a.p.'ee 1i
T.B.rUldi,D-D.,a.p.'fi2'7*
FtUG^i Dvtr, 'Si '71
Briniiiun t. Uarrtn, 'Bl ■96
CfnrdQn W. N..j>.... ;m';<;.9

aii™.,im'..'

Ch»rl.- :.
ChaH.-»>.: ■

84' 42 we
BO W2'171

ea i3i 19

i'ii

34 72 108

11
If

11

it!

(

829
S i

5 1'!

b' 0 6

i' 0 :

■I!!,!

11
i

i

il

\

!

:

0300

ei4l)

0 It

4ns

4en

ilM

020D

vs.

1 m

3I«0
IIW

4 1«)

0 u

1 w

OTBCB MlMUTEIS.

E. A. Adama, Pragut, Aut-

J»nA R. Atorjr, OtoIoii.
Joupta Ay«r, SonarBilUa.
E^vdeilck a. Ajrea, Long

Rldga.
William T. Bmod, adltor,

John 6. Baird, Aw. B«e.
Oono. Bd. of Kd., New

Abraham O. Baldwiii, Bart-
ford.
Henry BnrbauT. Londcn, Ena.

Bunnel W. Barnam, Maw

Braoion B.Beardalejr.Biidga-
BabbaVd BMb«, Aa>!it. Sec.

Bunday Bebool Unlan, Hor-

valk.
Sath Htlia, Berlin.
jDKph C. Bodwall, D.D.,

Alvan Dond, D.D., Konrlch.

(Ordained Nov. IS, UiS.)
Jonathan Braoe. C.P., tdtlor,

Charlei K. Brandl, tenolier,

CbvJea H. Ballard, Dlat. Sea.

Am. Tr. Soo., Battrord.
ZKlmon B. Burr, Bo nth port.

ford. ' ■ ■■

Frederick W.ChapiDUi,Rocky

Anguilnj B.CoUlm, Korwall.

fdrdalned Bipl. i, 1818.)
Nchemlnh B, Cook, I*dyard.
Chauneey D. Cowlaa. Far.

ChBr"e. P.' Croft, Stioihnry.
Oeni^e B. Tin, I>.D., I^of.

Theol. Hem., New HmoB.
Ooy B. Day, teacher. Bridge.

Benry K. Day, d.d..

William 0. FoaUr, lilddle.

William 0. Fovlcr, u-D.,

Durham Cehlre.
Daniel 0. FroaL EllllnglT.
WmiBin H. Ollhert, Dlit. Bes.

18^)
I.evarett Onggi, D.D., BrlatOI.
Jobn B.OrliDold.SuLhamp.

E Ed'win Ball, Fair Baien.
Bomuel Harlli, D.u.. Frof.

Theol. Bern., New Ha^BQ,
Henry Herrlck, North Wood-
Andrew J. HelHck. PnaloB.
L.IvoaHoadly, New HaTeo,

(Urdalned Oct. IS, 1823.)
James M. Hoppin, D.D,, Prof.

Theol Bern., New Ba«ai>.
Blepbon Hubbell, Ut. Ciuiiiel.
Nathan B Hunt, Boirah.

SpofTord'D. jeweltTuiddl^

Timothy Dwigbl, D

Theol. 8™.. New _.. . .
David A. Euton, Danbnry.
NaUuDlel H. Egglealon, Sn-

ih B. Elltndge, Flormf,

Banul B.F<irb«,W.WIiiaM.

1876.]

Statistics. — Connecticut.

107

Daniel D. T. MoLaaghlin,

Utohfield.
NathAotei Miner, Salem.
William H. Moore, Sec. Oonn.

Home MIm. Soc., Hartford.
If TTon N. Morris, West Hart-

ford*
David Murdoch, D.D., New

Haven.
Charles Nlchola, New Britain.
Xlttot Pahner, Portland.
William Patton, d.d., New

Haven. (Urdiained Jane,

18a0.)
Whitman Peck, teacher. New

Haven.
Bdward H. Pratt, See. Ck>nn.

Temp. Union, Eaat Wood-

•tock.
CSiarlea Pyke, Waterbnrv.
Alfred O. Baymondt New

Haven.
Henry Bobinaon, Qailford.

(Ordained April SO, 1823 )
8am*l Bockwelt New Britain.
George £. Saobome, Hait-

Eiiaa B. Sanford« editor,
57 Bible House, N. York.

Wllilam O. 6oofiold, Norwich
Town.

Thomas L. Shipman, Jewett
City.

Asa B. Smith, Bocky Hill.

B. A. Smith, Middletown.

Jamee A. Smith, UnlonvlUe.

Alden Sonthworth, Wood>
stock.

S im'l Spring, d.d.. East Hart-
ford. (Ordained Jan. 22,
1822.^

Samael N. St. John, Qeorge-
town.

Caiv. B. Stowe, d.d., Hart-
ford.

Thoa. B. Storges, Greenfield
HiU.

Wm. Thompson, d.d.. Prof.
Theol Inst., Hartford.

William W. Turner, Sec.
Miss*y Soc. of Qonn.t Hart-
ford,

Orlando H. White, d.d., Lon*
don, f^ngland.

Joseph Wuitllesey, Berlin.

Wm. Whittlesev-.New Haven.

George I. Wood. Ellington.

Theodore D. Woolsey, D.D.,
LL.D., New Haven.

William S. Wright, Glaston-
bury.

L1CEVTIATE8.

With yean embrctced in the
temu o/Ucentea.

George L. Beach, 1872-6.
Geortce W. Benjamin, 187&-7.
Frank L. Bissell, 1874-8.

John O. Boals, 1878-7.
Samuel B. Busser, 1873-7.
AunUn L. Buttner, 1874-8.
NeweU M. Calhoun, 1873-7.
Solomon M. Coles, 1874-8.
Gilbert A. CurUse, 1874-8.

Sulncy L. Dowd, 1872-6.
enry W. Kldrldge, 1874-8.
Frank J. Griswold, 1873-7.
CbarlesH Hamlin, 1874-8.
Frederick 8. Hayden, 1872-6.
Lewis W. Hicks. 1873-7.
David S. Holbrook, 1874-8.
Caleb B Jones, 1873-6.
George C. Lamb, 1872-6.
Charles W. Mallory, 1878-7.
Charles L. Morgan, 1874-8.
Charles F. Morse, 1874-8.
William D. Mos^man, 1874-8.
Lewis R. Packard, 1874-8.
Bernadotte Perrin, 1873-7.
Lester K. Platte, 1874-8.
Frank C. Potter, 1874-8.
Richard A. Rice, 1872-6.
John A. Roberts, 1872-6.
Stephen H. Robinson, 1873-7.
Bdward P. Root, 1874-8.
William E. Safford, 1872-6.
Richard B. Snell, 1873-7.
Robert B. Stimson, 1872-6.
John Thomas, 1872-6.
Albert H. Thompson, 1874-8.
Hibbird A. Tucker, 1874-8.
Frederick H. Wales, 1874-8.

8UMMAB7. — Chorohes: 150 with pastors; with 103 acting pastors; 65 vacant (including

those supplied by licentiates or mluisters of other denomiiiatiuns). Total 295. Loss, 1.
Ministers : 146 pastors; 84 acting pastors ; 146 others. Total, 370. Licoutiates, 75.
Church Members : 17,348 males; 83,674 females. Total, 61,022, including 5,750 absent.

Gain, 1,011.
Additions in 1874: 2,181 by profession ; 1,372 by Iettf>r. Total, 3.553.
Removals ix 1874: 888 by death; 1,337 by leiler; 74 by excommunication. Total, 2,299.
Baptisms in 1874: 1,U02 adult; 8561nfunt.
Is Sabbath Schools : 51,567. Gain, 819.
Bemevolent Contributions (295 churches, 296 Ia«t year): $328,928.64, an increase of

$61,740.62. Of the totals.— Foreign Missions (266 church«)8), $56,922.33; Home Missions

^1 churches), $49,807.26: Am. Missionary AitKOciatton (202 churches), $15,631.19; Am.

Cong. Union (91 ebarches), $3,615.28: Am. Coll. and Ed. Soc. (100 ehurcben), $6,474.46;

Cong. Pub. Soc. (45 churches), $1,229.81. Nine of the 295 churches are reported to have

given nothing.
Legacies, charitable (44 chnreh*^ reporting) : $139,122.27.
Number of Families (235 churches, 206 last year) ; 32,277, an ineronse of 731.

CHANGES. >- Churches : ^(W, — Park Ch., Norwich. Dropped^— TarriflVllle in Simsbury ;
Versailles In Sprague.
Ministers : Ordinations, I as missionary of the A. B. C. F. M., 4 withoat charge, 0 pastors.
Installations, 16. Dismlssiils, 24. Deceased, 1 pa-tor, 1 pastor emeritus, 7 without charge.

ORGANIZATION. — Fourt4>cn District Associations of Ministers, united in the General
Association. Eleven Consociations and thirteen Conferences of churches, — of which
four Consociations and eleven Conferences (comprising ail the churches in the State) are
united in the General Confi^rence.

Statistics. -~ Dakota; District of Columbia. [Jan.

DAKOTA.

~

CH. MEMB'HB.

AdmtM

Kemowd.

^:|

MlRUTEU.

N0T.»I),18J6.

— ■

1S74.7B.

PIu* nod Kudo.

liii

1

1

:!

1

i|!

J

5

i

1

BonHomm*,

H7i

1

Ixll Hipldi,

a

Br!

::!•

!J

'n

'i^

il

n

Ymkion.

■m

1

fc

uu

Total; ISeliu

rho

, U m'ni«.fr>.

104 Ml lid

3.

II

.9

61

4

Ifl' 0

23

*

10

*TS

Otii

YukMD.
BUHUABT.

B IfiHiiTEM; T.L.Blgti, A.6.0.7.U.,FortBiillr; i

lieldon, A.

{.H.B,

unboTS. OaJai>fm«iiiben,]l. Ostn[n8*1>1»th8Dbool>,U>.
GoHTaiBDTiOKB ; S cbnrcbci (t, lut jtti), %n, ■ dicnuc or $341.1(1.
CHAKGES, — Obdrcrh: Wno or rrplsoed on tht 11m, — Boa Homma, UdooIh Ocotn, Swin
L&ke. Dropped from tbe bit, — doeu.
ItlHiBTEBa: OrdlDaltont; aorapDrt.
OBOAHIZATION — Tbs OonaBEOATiOnAt. Auocution or Dakota.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

1 &ept.Kl,int. 1 l^th. 1 1«T(-

Wuhli.gM.li,

IMSlJ. K. KanMn, D.D., p. 'iA\m\va\-Ba\9in\ \ sliai»| j|m|

|k| alioliwo

Otbu Uihutibb.

Wlllla4nH.BIrohard.
JoliD W. CblckerlDg, Jr.,

tloiml Ifnui College.
Bolooaaa P. Qlddlngi.

Edward P. Bmltb.

I SlIpbklatWMUIeao;.

LltXHTIATBI.
[ IToD* reported.

i87&] Statistics.— Geet^ ,- Idaho.

GEORGIA.

3BPI. a

HB

"r

^^r

Remand

i"":|

i

J

i

1

1

c

i

1

i

i

1

1

1

a

AI>uu.l>C 1M7 Kddc.
Btlmart. 1BI3 Noni-.
Biren ejAlion. 1BT3 [H. W.lUni, lie]

lidinir, ' 1874 Flo/d 8i«l»0D, 11
LanlivlUe, 1874 Kan«.
tluon. 18«8 W. A. L. OunplMU, T4

hnTmaT, 1MB None!
Wwartlle. 1871 Nod..

14
14

»

39

144
US

;

1
u

»

2-J

I
«

33

0
0

10
lU

TOTAl.: lOchurcbM.anilnlnwn.

OT

Ml

10

37

es

BuoulMd, Prot, AUlDUj 0. W.
~~Lic>niATu.'— J.siSmlth, nvr., AUuTii; E. A. Wsn, Pth.UiiIt.. Atlanta.
lUIOf ART. — OnDBcnva, tto., u (bOTB. Lou afmamban, B.

Lou IS &ABKATH SCHOOU, lOft.

SHBS: Vol, — Dont. DrvpftAttastt tb« IIM, — AU

statistics. — Illinois.

ILLINOIS.

[Jan.

Place and Kimo. %

*"""'" 1

i
1

April

""ws"

A dm

,.

Remoced
1S74-TB.

74-7

i

1

1

I

1

1

\

i

i

1

1

\

All.l0D,TrlnUy, JS48
Aledo, ISflB
Algonqoln.^ ^ IBM

UieKtdeeiaer, 1870
Allona. 1SS7
Amboy, ISM
Annawan,
Aihkum, 1B«!

Atlanta, ' IW-

''^.'Taw'^.gland,}^

BaUTla. 1835

Beverly, 1MB

BI«idln«lllo,MlM.,1B72

Blue ttland. iDM

BrtghUin! ' !a6^

^rlmBeld, 1817
Brlalol, Wf,
BrookBeW, BTl

BSnkwHUI, s2

CwDbiidge, Kii
Canton, 84'.

CbandlenlilB. 83(
CInpln. 87!

'■ LtavlllSt., isna
" Part, 18«i
" tTlh Slreel, ISifl
;| Clinton Su! ISTt

Olemenl, ' 1851
Clifton, 18Sfl
Creieent, 18dC

p. W. Wallace,
Robert Nonr.e. •Bi

RabarlWral. p. •»

Henry r.Aherneihy,-«
Jw. a. La Baeb. p e.'lO

None. '
George ScbloMKr, -33
Andrew J, Dnnke, >1(

None.

Dfiter D. Hm| W
None.

J. W. Bradahaw, Tl
Johnll. Phay. "71
JarocaP.SmlOi. 73

[G. D. Bailey. LfoM.]

a. p. etratton, MS

Sanil F. Dtcklnaon, -TO
Thnmn. O. Ow.-n, <^

R.P.CWo. -71

TbomaelYuglae, W
Wm^O. Herce, •«

J.F""grton, «

Nona.
Rllbn LoomU, -SO

Oaorga p. Kimball, ■»

Edw'd F. Wllilanu, ■«

Oharl'wA.Toi.le, '60
Nath'l P. Collrin, 'M

Win. G. DIckllUDn' T3
Bylve-ler R. Dole, •«

5JS;2-'d.u.„ ■«

Robert Kirk. Tl
H«nijD.Fl«tt, 'H

•7.

■74

?J
7S

■71

T3
"73

72

7*

TO

14
78

TS

t%

Tl
73
73
T6

74

nl

a
u

ItN
»

a:

a
an

S4
30

MS

930
34

i;

i

V.

1

8

ID
0

8

8

i

10
!

ID

w

TO

S

B
0

0

0
ll

t

\

\

1

I
i

:

0
8

0
0

an

0

a

15

0
4

a
u

10

;

0

a

i

a

0

i

1

3

23
3

D

it

3

6
0
10

2
t

0

0

3

6
8

a
e

8

a

3
18

(

4

I

0

s

0
0

a

0

ai

a

za

1

:

D
\

so

w

m

Pn
78

IM
IBS

213
40

»

40
H

80
«0

lis
SO

lOA
33t

loo

ISO

u
w

90
0
00

so

1»

4M

100
aoo
ao

1

w

00

I87&]

Statistics, — Illinois,

Pima and ETama. |

1

April 1, ISTi.

Adml'd
1874-73.

aemovcd

-'i

3

1

1

1

I

1

1

ll

II

1

1

ij
a

SaKalbOaum, ISM

£2™, ^^\^

SaToer'a Qrove, lift

^. 1
8=i ,..»."»

of Oirj.l, tSSI
. 1.0..,.. J»

sea... s

Baapion, Bi^

i£ i

Eirlecon, »«
IlUn"?irl.foP.O. W

l«o"uiOoBg.Ch S*

W^"- 1

S? 1
^1. i

[eTf! Wright. I(«f..]

Wm, t! Blenkarn, ■80
G. T. Holoomba, '76

Charle. O.Braed, '67
Niine.

AjJ.VMW.g<.er,p.'7a

a. N. Packard, p. 'TO
Charlei K. Oonrad, 'U
JobnB. F-drbaiik,p.'M
u.baBburHll. p. '73
AUnoDdlLFoi, p. 'ia

H.a.HnnOngtap.p.'M
«. L. WlllLlOd, p.' -70

Wm. H. SnwiUr. '30
aiun'IO.BarUall.D.O.'U
11. Valetle War™, -60
P.'A. Armatrong. '»
H. O. Pendleton, >«0

Aimer Harper, " '83
W. W. Ro«., ta
Amo. J. Bailer, '71

oS: ..»,..«. ■,,

Rog-rM.Sargent, m
KUCorw1n,B.D., '41
J. M. Wllllama, •*!

Jo.lnhA.Uaek, IW

Janea Tompklna, p, "BT
Wl Ham Tn<7, ■73
a. ,. UcCord, "Dl
Wl llam WJteHeld, '4S

Qeorn'w. Caiman, -Oa

llnrtio 8. Hall, 11
Jamra Brewer, '40

K^'i. noward, -M
Robert Elrk, 'Tt
.I.E. Storm, 14
Oharl*. Oavemo, ■«
A. K. KvorMl, p. '6
Cbarloi Uaobln. 'K

K.B. Cutler, ' 1
G.H.WIirelor.fVti.I'A

14

71

tA

13

BO
74
1i

<M

IM

1*

117

14

15
71

14

3i

■70
74

■7
'"

31

K.

V

21

a

3

81

K

(H

i;
«;

T(

24;
i:
2;

loi

2S

4B

1*

3(
U
4>

4!
U
41

w

1«
5

ao4

41

39
2li

76
M

i*i

«e

Tl
41

u

3.

0
44
12

34

0

0

le
«

3

!

34
0

1

i:

i

11

1

0

II

0

i

11

E

u

4
3

:

s

4

6

0
14
0

«

i

IB
0

1
1

0 1

2 0

:i

3 3
U D

0 3

0

i'i

1 4

3
0 t

0 0

0 0

1 1

1 B

a

"I

0 0
0 I

o"o

ll

0

23

1

1
0

1

I

■

0

t

a
(•

0
0

s
a

0

0

0
0

0
IDO

Dd

30D

IW

40
130

M

ns
xoo

so

IW)

lis

lU
M

0«

■0

31

«0

100

OS

m
ea

00

m

130

100

30

to

Se
124

SO
eo
»

33
M
IB

Statistics — lUiims.

[Jan.

OBDRGBia. %

PUMindNama. |

Na».. 1

o

April 1,1B7B.

Adml'i
I874-7S.

ia74-TS.

•»"l

i

j

1

i

J

1

:3

1

il

J
J

1

1

■'

Maywood, 1B71
Uetrao, 1B»

llr- i

UolIneTai OoatOb.lBl-

«SS"b.llo, HamU.^*"

sir' i

Ht. Palnilne, S«
Hepon.et, Ml

s;|a. ,-

NewUinD, Adama

Nriwihd«r ISb
Nora, ' SS
NDnnal, BM
Oak rark, W

OnLlla, 96'
Oloey, STB
Ona/ca, BBS
Oacida, BM
OofriJ, %*

0««>la, B»
Oawego. 1B4B

&«■;.„, S

Paw E>aw, iDd.Dn., SB-

plJiJln; Sa

PeoTiB, latOmif., Mi
Pera, IBM

Kioi: sas

FIttafietd. 837
PlalDtlcli, B34

P?^- i

S'"' i

Frovld.'noe, S4

(iBiwy, Oeman. 86B

" FIral Union, 96i

^"^^; ' IS

Bller, sa

afford, Pint, M

Baeond, StB

Bockton, BBS

lloaroe, S6B

J. T. nravea, "71

A. L. P. Loomla, p. 'Bi
eeonra 0, Lamb, "74
J. 0. Uvbolt, '62

A. B, dampliell, >B1
None.

A.N. MeT^nonghey.'i!
Obaa. M. Blutham, TO

^Non""'"'"'' '"

None.

Edward H, Smith, tm
Oeorgo L. Hoboiti, ■«
E. R Rohlnwn, m
Cha'lu F. Iteed, p. '74

George W. Oolman, '83

[H.V.D.Ne.ln.,/V«.]

AnhmElAniold, tf!

Tbi-. N, McCorVl^, -S?
J.A.\V«l*tWL.rlh, 14
BamucI PciiBoId, '40

JoboAdamaAUan, '4(

U. E.Dwlgbt,p. 'W
WrD.A.Cfiarobertln,-ai
H^rj-K. Tappet. -Ut

[B.A.Wall.M./'na.] To
Oeo, B. Hnbbard, '«
Aaahel A. HtevrDi. '4!
Qwrgc a. BaaowB, -To

B. F. Jaefc.on. Wa
Edward Bbbi, p. '43

je.'r' Kld7e"'Mceii.1*'

M'h'd'Ed""'^ •li

Gb1?r«E. Conrad. •61

[U.Q^Palloc't'r^i.] 'I-
WmiamA.LIoyd, W

Nona!
WilderSmlth.B. -Ba
Pmnk P. Woodbory, •<«
T. Un«la Brown, TS

Nona.

i

73

7:

7i
Tl

I

•7!

'6S
Tl

■71
■OB

71
7»

10

41
Bi

48

a

2
40

4;
ft

1!

a
ft

81

1

6t
I!

»i

ai

a:
a

Bi

'!

30
140

ai
»

B4
38

40

n.i

40

141
47
183

Si
44
S44

BO

la

01
2S
10

\

ai
li

1-

*

1

\
1

i

i

6

a

e
1

16

s

!

1

ij

;

9
lu

B

al

:

y.

i

!
I

1

(
J

1
I

(

I

I

i

ISO

«t

i«a
ao

81
8«

lat

00
to

•a

lU

u

100

lU
13*

£

MO

40

xa

so

}U

M
100

'fO

u

w
n

BOO

71
100

960

tw

30
Da

l«7«.]

Statistics, — Illinois.

PUnudKomD. |

UlKIfiTBU. ,e

i
1

April 1, 1876.

Admt'd
W7..7fl.

lt«inuv(4

1B74-I*.

•T4-Jfc|

1

i

1

J

1

1

1

1

I

i

1

1.

1

1

1

3

BHuieiT, ' 1910

■■W«-.tlv. IMfl
W'yiH Cen're,

<» B'nlioD, 1871

Wjtbtnnild, wi

SRSEIS., !S

^K- is

Vnlliinl.lP.CoUriB. 'M
]ol;i. L.Uriii(Tr. ■««

c'l.Ti'c. Artful., '«
\ ndrf itW,Cn»piBiiii.'Bl

tlfniy Avei), '•U
fl L. McCo/d. 'fll

I.*b''b BldBn",*' 14

;l. m. Gui«, p™*..]

filc-'AKraTlIy. '«
Bviil.r.lln.klni. '61
V. W. W.lliwe,
,.^W..l.,.

»='"•'■ ■"

U. U. Bi^ow, >45

LmMrop Tnjlor, '*5

^iiD^on'ailtHrt,
Ch:>rkiMi>lcr.
riirc.CJJMthcoll.p. ^i

■M

74
13

1\
IS
'7S
Ti

■71

•is

|74
14

■:»

■7t

■«

•76

•74
■7S

r

%

a

1

23
ID

et

M

4;

IS

11

U

04
13

&

iw

Tl

,:

»

lES
24

raj

30
43

z

0

S3

s

«

8

3

3

23
10

I

0
0

%

0
3

!

0

0
S4

a

IB
B

31

a

:

3
0

1

:

2
D

(1
3

17
B

> 1
' i
\

V

0

2

D
0

0

%

b
0
0

0

t

0
0

i

M

w

00
H

100

KM

lit
w

90

»

M

BO

w

«t
ao
i»
lOo

101

na

UB
M

i

Otdei MiniETtiu.

Wlllliun U'. Biiclicr, Chlugn.
Rani Ilii>»>m, D D. Ollawa.
I^wta Banettlc
Jgilllhu Bin .

WheumC-'ll'iP.Whi'.
SMna N. BiMiKlinnn. „

ProLTlH-D]. ei'in ChlFi
Bwiy L. I>uIiwi.ikI, toe

Hope Brown, Roekford.

OUaF. Onnt*. D'>vtr.
Bdmand T. I>iekliiia.

Ud>ardlLdnnU,Fiii

Frmnklln W. Flak

B.D,, Pro(, I Urntf

'Si,,,,.

'llllamA.Hallrxk.' '|

cnry ■..Bamiiii'nd.ClilcaKn- i
imca T. UaoolDB, mtrcliBnl,
UBni>lM«.

larlvi I_ HarrUoD, Eul' .
vlllc.

IlK W. tIrwUt. Fniilonlca.
0,bdDn. i
ilH.ChUaio. I
.phrpy, Dl.. I

A.B. C. F. Sl,Clilcng<,
b'ddsii* U.Uurlbul, I']

PP"i

Thcol, 6cm., Cbtcaio. |

.knh R. r<r<-. tinnrr, EldD.
iL'urgu C, r ri'tdiie, luiur-

6. WiilUiCP Plietpf, I.oinbaH.
1>U1U:1 J. i'Dor, LMmlDguuL

nCOND SEKtZS.'— VOL. Vill.

M4

Statistics. — Illinois.

[Jan.

Jftm«a Powell, St e. A. M. A.,

CMeago.
John L. Richards, Chicago.
ICuTln R<K>if Lanark.
Joa. B. Rov, D.D., Bup't Am.

Home MtM'y 8oe., Ctiica^o.
OH>rge F. S. Savage, d.d.,

TrMa. TbeoL Sem., Chi*

esffo.
William T. Savage, d.d., Ood-

frev.
Calvin Sclden, agent Amer.

Bible Foe , Aurora.
Bobert F. Shino, real eatate

agent, Quiucy.

Bdwfn 0. Smith, agent Am.

Bible Soc. MorriiH>a.
Nathaniel Smith, Oencaeo.
Jamea P. Stoddard, Byron.
KIchvd C. Stone, Bonker

UilL
D. A. Stmng. DwighL
Julian M. Btnrtevant, d.d.,

Prea. IlUnoia Coil., Jaekaon.

vUle.
Edward A. Tanner, Jackaon«

vllle.
Samael R. Thrall, agent Am.

Bible So., Qaleaborg.

Alpha Wnrren, Boaooe.
John C. Webater, Profeaaor,
Whiatoti.

MarUn K. Whittleaey, Bap*t
A. U. M. S., JaokaonviUe.

LiCBNTIATES.

Ward Batchelor.

T. W. Hopkina, Prof. TheoL

Sem.. Chicago.
S. T. Kidder.
H. If. Skrela.
F. H. Smith.

SUmCARY. — CnuBCHEs: 83 with prtatora; 180 with acting paatora; 49 vacant (including IT
anpplied by licentiatea or miniatera of other denominatlona). Total. '24*2. Gain, S.

MIM8TER.S : 33 paatora; 150 aeting paatora; 65 other*. Total, 24S. 14 ll'^cntiatfa.

Church Hbmbehs: 7,422 malea: 13,001 femalea; 1.240 not apecified. Total, 21,072, in-
eluding 2,818 abaent. Gain, 1,115.

ADDiTioMd IN 1874-5 : 1,375 by profeaalon ; $1,055 by li'tu>r. Total. 2.430.

Bkmovalb in 1874-5: 254 by death: 1,000 by diamiatfal; ll<i by excommunication. TOTAIt.
1,370.

Baptisms in 1874-5 : 507 aduH; 306 infant.

In Uabbath Schools : 28.078. Gain, 2,627.

BsifEVOLFNTCONTRiBUTiONSdMchurchea, 199 laat year): $73,663.08. an increase of $ITg-
612.T7. Of the toUil, — A B.C. F. M., $17,603.98: Am. MUa'y Aaao*n 13,380.32; Am.
Home Mlaa*y Boc'y, $8,893.06. Am. Cong. Unlnn.^$2 828.53; Western Education Society,
$1,164.65; other otiJecU, $29,794.54. CnLRca Bxpen>E8 (189 churcLea, 193 la«t year):
$389,496.52.

CHANGES. — CHURcnEs: Kew or replaced on the lint, — Bartlett ; Beerher; Broaghion;
Cre«ton; Hennepin; Round Grove; Wlnnetka; aod (Weifh) Bracevllle; Braidwood.
Dropped from the Hat, — Barry ; Ptkin.
MimsTERS : No report.

OBGIANIZ VTION*. — The churchea are united in twelve assoclationa, and aI>*o in the General
Aaaociation. Three chnrchca are connected with the General Association op bfotA]iA«
tIe. Albion, KCaraball, and Wubaah County. '

"76.]

Statistics. — Indiana.

INDIANA.

PlMeiindKun.. |

IbMianiRa. »

1

1

MV 1, 1876.

1874-16.

TbT*"-"''

"-l

i 1

1

J

^1

1

3

1

m

1

J

a

» IK

HaitToiriKhlp, 1851
Ii|di.D.pc.ll..l'iyib.lMI

issr- s

LHw-r, 1814
Ilfsfa.rlav11l€, ISM

gJSSf !s:
S.O,™ is

t%O.B<.»<b' 115!

C. S. Wu-burton, p. la

T'B?McComlo»,..p.'»l
B. A.idrui. ».p. '51

L. P. llnii', Ikp. '74
A. M. Wood. p. 'OT
M.W. Dlgg. ..p. -a;
T.H.MBOormloh.a.p.'aS
BTiruKcot.p. '7:

L.P.'Ro«.«!p. " -7^

Alfred Coiinrtt, B. p. 'fll
K. rRinkHow*, p. '82

None. '^

None.
Joi'^hH.J(in»,«.p.'3T

^4
'a;

^;

'71

a :

IT *;

2 8

Ti

Si a

10
48
«

3-.U
8

^

D 1

a ;

0 D

10 2;

0 1

0 i

11

3:
2

"

iii

ii

:

IM

00
110
100

10

u

w
m
m

200

u

OTSIB UlNIKTE

<n Hcuilli, Ituih Counlr. I

• Pwnh, Onlirio.

leisr Tuelfcr, Kudolph

Swlib puUr*; 14 with loilng ps

I actlDg puton; • oihsrt. Torxt

»lu: <IR2femiilefi. TnT.«L. 1,318, In
P Dy pror-Mlon; 101 hy [eii«r. ToTJ

[.B.WhiithcBdJndluupolla.

LlCEKTlATrS.

maoksiloa. Tutal, W.

Dropped tnym the Hat,—

0SG4SIZ.«lOS.-ThrM AMOel«lon«or Church-.. Ths ohorche. »
US1BIIAI. A-uii>ciAi lOv, whi-h lDclud» aUa Ihres llllnoli churohei, vl
'Dd W'<i"i>bO-aiiilei; ooeOhlo etmrcb, Ftotruli ; lod oi>« UlchlKSDc

iicb, E»t Qlleitd

Statistics. — Itmia.
IOWA.

OMcmcuEi. -i

PI««.D<lK«rae. 1

UlHIITEU. .;

1
1

KWl.lKB. 1'

1-76.

1874-

vtd. H.irr.i
-S. -14-15.!

1

1

III?

y

jl

■n

1

•

AlgOM, f.8
AllDOIlll, 117

Ain«, a09

»;.., S

&,., i

Bc*g''flslDe, B«
B..|Ie™.. 817
Bflmona, 887

BlElLook, Mi

BiKjkh.wk, m

Bo™>Pr\lri=, 1«'
Brulfonl, WJ.
Brifblon, lU-i
Baffolo, 1H70

sr-fi.- is:

Cirroll, 187-.

gS- li'

CcdirFnllt. -ai
OoSl'ricty^ Sis

Otaaitcr, ' SS*

gISKi. S

Clmrioa, «;i
Olin.o.1, ^ H>

OdiMbure, am

Cal(i<abu.City, Hi

o°M«'bii.(r-, "IS

OdUonrllle ma

L. Slo't, 1811
Cr»"tjrdiTlllo, law

ol^-;il, V'.it
D«.ville, 13 IJ
D.voi.port, Co-., l«i.

I»a«ir.h. lan
Dgninirk, 19 IS
Ih» U<7l><», IS'il
D^Wlll, 18ii
Dubuqae, ISN
" Oernaii, 1347

££. si

Kon*.

n.^vlflL B.i"lcof, p". •*
.tohi, B Flike, -51
0.8 Irwir.. 1.

o. n.w.igm,' ""' -6
aD.JoroV' '0

I^^KoVs.Unnd.' ■«!
hv.B.Ue.ucir./W.l'rtl
J.Ollmore, -M

J. n. audi, 'IS

None. ^

"=""»"■ ■'

II. 8. Tho'op.on, '83
L, D Boynton, 13

i-lmlla llime,' "3

W. P^Avery," ' '*

J. \V.db..«' '71

Willi*™ V. KoK, -as

J:?'S5.. .«

L 1>. U.itlhcw*, 'U

noary S.DeFoIoa:, p.'Sa

L. T. liowley, *»

N-.M.CItioon, -T*
a'.«rlB. Uille. '47

;iii\ii p. amiih, p. 'SB

K Y. SwIO, p. ■»*
Hv.h L, Frl«B1o, p. '•0
(uf.n Aplhorp. "Bl
I 8 D nnh.ini, 'U
Ii/rmnn Kleki TD
'V.pol.ad, '«
None.

'6'
1

•i

z

7-

■83

ft

8

3
13

a

li

21

i

as

3
18

12

«

28
I

S

11
18

35

38
2lt

3;

28

4!

81
IK

T(
123

88

*t
17

2

8

13
4

a

20 1

1 1
B 0

1 1;
17 t

1 i

no

B 8

2 3

U 0

B a

7 B
0 0

r?

3 ft

<t 3

0 0

U t

a 3

'J 0

1 a

S 6
3

0 e 0
d 0 1

U 8 1

1 3 i
.' 0 1

0 0 i

3

12 1
4 32
3 3

0 0

13 0

a D

i 1

2 (

2

1

s

1

0

»

i

s

10

u

M
H

to
u

S

OS

71

i

4t

i

41

3)

M

n

■0

'at

IM
81

tl
«

■s^o.]

Statistics. — Iowa,

Ohlbcdcb. "i
Place and Name. |

"""""-■ 1

Mny !. 187S.

i"""

'm^T

'■-i

1

1

t

1

1

5
S

I

1

1

ii

1!

1

1

Zart'lile, Mia

W. i

Shi,.:""'!

Knii CIlJ, ISIl
Gtr., 188T

|sr.w„., IS

«b£. !_ I8IU

Oaldn Pcalrle, 1MB

OnDd Vtaw, Orr., 18ST
^«i UoODliUn, Vli-

flnadj oJaim," 871

^?"" 1

lova Fal'a', 8 lU

KaUon, Mi
KMtofc, Ml

ST S

SI"6*, WW**, m:

■•f.V»k.a. »r.
S^. IHl

). U. lludiun, tH
UlEhanl Ktu.ll. ■t4

A. A. B»k^r, '64

;W?D.8^™I'LfcBi.,]

C. OuiDp. Bunutt, '02

W, B. Polwlo, "72
None.

A B A,.on.

ri™ryll«.. ,^ ,'«
U.U, Breckinridge, '81-

[C.roraeDlor.f-.ir.B.]

M i). Anhar, >iB

s:i:-B'n%r- s

Jo"n"Alle"deV,' -W
[.aaa M. Fray, ^«

Hfiicy ilalilfr, "I*
JohnH.Cofoy, 11
Henry L. Ch,.«. p. IW

L't. liawl".''

U. B UdB.

C.F. Dlkemta, 'SI

UW.BriMMii. -at

r>. /."Boldvin, 'OS
W^F. Uaney. ■84

J.K.Uplon. ■61

[>.1ma'L)tla. 'OS
[>wr Wtldni*., '<H

D. D. Froal,

Oh». Uiil-, 'tl
W. B. folwln.

Hone.

1™="' Huihea. Tl

B. K. Mooroe, •»
T. a. CaallM '40

E. R. BtH'i, ■«
W.J. Sinllh, >«4
a. F. Ullllken, '«

wilJlim windagrl <&!

■7a

74
"74
73

73
■73

z

13

■7S

■BB
•7*

l:
l:

li

■

«

1

1

;

'jr.

1
1
J

SI
41

J

41
31

i

li

3D
41

;i>

I
■ia

t>

m

97
37

IM
U

at

>!

1

(
0

1

5

30
0
13

0

:

i
a

3
0

a

1

u
i

0

s
'I

■-

;
•

19

:

i
1

D
3

3
0

1
1

1 0
U 0

6 0

a. 1

1 0
9 0

j;

■ 0

0 i

4 I

3 0
U (

11 3

!o

3 8
J 1

» 0

0 a

8 1
7 0

7 !
G 3

1
1,

s i
a 1

0 1

i

8

!

D
0

m
w

Ofl

40

BS
««

«)

SO
as

u

00

M

eo
lis

00

40

St

i

K
IIM
16

130
71

30

IS

to
u

20

w

iw

tu
«(l

ot

w

[Jan.

■ lis

■7t-M.^

m

«4-TI>

•S3

■*T-:«

,;ss

WW :W M. aT>:^I.,

",]■■:!

!iSI

»MJ."k.'8«»J— .

•ITl

niiisi

OlbB.

liir.F»kM.

Wj-n

n u a.

oa^.

OlMn,

U MU:

lTK.ftc,

ItM Now.

U H 4)

I«a. John H. Bovn.

■•«T4

11 U C

Pli,n-,(CritaoP.

O,),

i' ml 11

iwc™.k.o»-.

1U» Koob

U U, 1^

folk.

Kl: Koh'.

FolkCIW,

WL-BuT8.H«d.

WTi

» u' 41

roMTlll*.

WiajuBMA-Ham

■KT*

PtrirWCTlf.

MS, Kim

r»Mon.

■»1T*

T U U

ixtssr

16-'.ciiiri»'N''Mvuio

T*

*a W] »

Tt^'-'J.-

ISjIU.A. PjddMll.

■B-T.

xt u; 11

l!<TJ,Johii A. P«lin».
IHM.r. D. ILuMi,
, 1*19 llontj UniUr,
ISTlB^nJ. A.Dru,

ws: j™iib h. uoiitr,

is;! Wot. L.O>lMiuw,

IBTl'.T. B. Upv>n,

i»i::chu.if.n«ck.

, UTl.D.U Anadw.

1J:1 Nun.,
!■•»/ John Todd,

i8:o K^u..

tR4l!Q«'r(r>a. Bliox.

b » la

.ill

■M 'Kim in 3M

I. U1H..U, ■S2 '»

1 M

1 W

•I «

I87&]

Statistics. — Iowa.

PUMtDdNvo.. 1

1

'

M.)> 1, 1ST5.

Adm.-,
18T4-TS

a"r

«a.

BJ

.r

1

, 1

g

1

1

s

ji

1

i

1

J

2

SKS., IS

Wuhlnihii), 1M&
Wnorloo, ISM

IS iS

VtbiUr Clly, lSn5

.SK-"'- ,™

TTtntbrop. 1W.S
Toik, lass

o'. A"p.."dMli, ■89
i.D. Hiij.er, 'T3

Now!

TU

n It

1 B

4 t

ai 1^

B 1:
10 «
M 8«

34 t5

34 as

5 1»

11

I

15

1

10

13

D
3

0 1

! i
1 (

\

0

3
0

3

0

It
0

: so

BUn
U
«0

M

I M

4 W
D HO

II 41k

Un
4 M

«

B M

»

OM Hu>* Crwk,
BallMk,

Onm yiMiTEBs.

^liniin Adami, Sup't Bom*

Vbilooa, Wuerloo.
H>rTi:;Ad>III>.F.Irru.
bhu O. BtDDctt, Cravfurda-

TlmnUiT Q. BfnlDird, Orln.

mU.
Duitl K. DRckeuldge, Fort

■ •r>«M.
Ttlliui U. Bnwki,Pna. Col-

li, OrlD

0, W, Coaler, Q
fcbB Cnnii, Van

Duld K. DiTldnn, QclDoeU
Uaoir k1 E4«d, I>i!iuuvk.

J,P.Ui>iP<,Uriidlbrd.
Ju>Ib<> B. Urlnndl, OriDnell.
\Vm. H. n. IV ward. MwaoliL
Stc-phin D. UDlni*. Lima.
Blcubcn L. Horrii.'k, Oilnnoll.
J R. Kenn^j.llrlnni.11.
Ilvilol Luc, Srile flilne.
AddiWii Ljimun, Kellogg,

IJmry t,
Fulli.

ttOtBOa \1 A riCKCIT, QUVt

Huin« Ullilorui. UoMulaw.
01li» U. I'urt.-r, Ob nnTlUo.
E.T. rrcil-in, Ni'Mion,

UounUii'.
BsnJ. TUbot, CauDplI BloOI
ChHuncf 'l^iiyloT. Algona.

L rurner. Or.*,
^bcl a. \k-<>ll>,
i. W.'il, U'lul
>.l W>lkinM>n,

Obhikih UnBEKc i,vS!t

clQdliirl.3?S>biaii. Qui:
ADDITIUM IN 1S74-i : Ml I
KtaovALS IN 18T1-& : W bj

OHANOES — Onoacau; ft'ne, ur i

diTj UlTin Bimtlun; Midland; U<

roBuu yjr-pfni troDlll.»lUl,-Kd«n:

Vallrr. Bm^kinghun now app»ia ■■ Ti

XnttRCB* : UriUuatioiK, etc.. Bo npwv

— Tk* cborcbM BT* nnltvd in twi

9i7 fomalo.

2MI BO

•pcci&L

^

..M.IUU

■'13

518,11..

on; 6M by letter. T0T-.L.I.O

bI

.Uoo.

Total. Ml.

..^«„„>y,

11,T».

Qa]B,U

.

Pta™l.™ th

11.1.-

P^i

%

n^(W

•b)
.0,

Fomi

■1 AMOclUlooi, «Bd alw dEtoelly

Statistics. —
KANS

Kansai.
AS.

"

CB. HXiiB-Ba.|Adml'd|LI<'a

"'""■I""-

-

M.J1.1S7S, |u74-7i.| ISl

4Ti. 14.TB.I

Ordicbu.

.... ^

1

1

J
J

"^'fi

Plug ud Mme.

if

1

1

1

S

S

^

£

- - ^ s

Alma.

87 a»m-rJoiiM, "M

11

ST iKdon^A.Uirlck, -N

. > ^ at

Anoali,

»W ■VVtIll.ra P. E.lBr, •«

-.*

14

■ s ^ 1 101

■■ irri.»,

e«J None.

AtchlNin,

auilFnncU T. Ininillf, 10

4e

07

lis

20 a 1 s 1

B?ffr'Frdt»,

S7fl [J. B. I.M. /.ton. J

«l,lleT.r, D.TJ«. -^ -BT

10

«2

J 111

11 1 a

Buk.-r'i,

STl HoU.

13

3

BtTKrIii.

U

11

s an

T «

Bloomlnpon,

SURIeh'rTB.'pMi.r. -jj

•76

in li a

3 4U

IK IX-

ai

S3

a 1 (. «

2 1 1 1100

«7aU.J. K.BmLih, ^J

■il

Bn:o)i*>llo,

1^

J7

4 H K li

1 S 3 41

BuOUo,

S74 KqnB™'

1

BarllDflon,

MSfljmuolO.Wtlglil, 'M

■71

3 4 no

Cliplomn,

«] Kdho.

1-

11

K

3 U

Ovkt-r Uit;,

»« Lewln £. Sikei. 'M

1

I w

Ocntrolla,

■7!

4i

10 ia M7

) S 3 I «

ci<u(.'..4k.

71

20

3 1 40

Cllmu,

Wbrelrr U.W«nniu),14

1

ai

ii; sau

B

Con.

4 8 »

Oorulih.

KIcbinl B. Ifon.r, -iS

!■

11

W

1 SO

a;i

i<

nt

2 1 H

Oouncil Uiuvg,
DeGaooo,

Lannn AmwbT, ' <n
[J. Il.pr<».a, ifcm..]

14

,!

1<

1 JO Ifi

'.U'S

Dtamonil Bprinfi,

NODB.

li

li

6 a 1 ■

Omjlu.,

»n;rj. 11. iv«. ziteii.,1

1*

ai2 [F. W. Si!Waa<BihUe..'\

DrJcKOli, ITff.*.

iHlHtatf But. >4i
Sja'fD. doti.enBnr.Ifc«..]

Ji

so

»

(11

I 1 1

s

Kiup'trr,

B14,Ucnry Bodillo, ■!»

11

3

S B

41

""r-ffi„^,

None.
ne..ry Re™, ■«

s'

i

S4

4 4 100

Kurak*.

Boi

K. E-'ttoien, W.

46

81) sa: '

1 IS to

r,i

tlll*D A/rn, T(

g

Van^^Mi,

m

so

lOK

as 0 S14 3

a 11 1 « TS

JohnMlohlliS^in.'JO

a

H

JS

10 3S 16 il-

n TI

bt;

Johnu-Behllrtwr. -73

;

BO

sa7

13

M

ls S 3 E 1

1 ft aa

a™"'

|SSf^

Ti

11

It

Ure»i Bend,

■72

44

4sisi8 1

(JtMnwcwd,

sn

70

It

I^

a".i''li)',

Wi

J«n.n D. Ugg,U, •!&

71

13

1 SID 3

4 ao

•76

Ml

73

31

B 1 S B

I 1 6101

BlihUnd.

IS

u

HirSprini^,'

N^nc!

J. O. Frwtwra,

Tt

3 1 I

1 I »

Nddb.

31

2 114 1

8 0 «0

JbdOIob Oi'ijr,

[niftc JacnbDi, >U

■01

13

4 4 i »

Kuawtki,

N^nc.

Kbuiir,

Non«.

4

B

1

»

Likio,"

STi

J^h.. Kwter, Ti

"71

S8

4S

lAVIEDIIf, nvoi'iii,

111

n 3 17 tl 7

SI TtOt

■■ B«»nd.

AndlSwOirjitr. "TS

»

1 J 7 4

4 3 4 ao

'■ r.Urlm,

MS

70

a

U 1 S 4

IM

Lumwoilh. Ill,

SAB

WJIIItm Klii«ld, '«T

70

W

AT !I 13 tk 4

8M

Uoberi Biovn. tJ

M, '"

. Won-.

IS

IS

LODlKlUc,

sat

[>. W. tU^tamXi, lie ,

u

3«

3 3 S

1 1 04

8M

w

a) 3 » 3

1 1 BTlt

SfeSc.,,,.

i:

14

ss

TO

Mlir, rd.

ass

Hound Clly,

B 11

I IB

HOT

L.'lnua1 I-ORiero}, 'U

11

IB

19

T G Z f t

1 1 1 TO

5^^T>U»r,

8W

luoB-Smllli," -W

■71

I

>

ill sl

i«76.]

Statistics. — Kansas. .

CDtSCREH. t

Pl.™«.dS«i.«. J

..... 1

1

U.y 1. 1B7S.

.2J""|

1

s

1

J

1

i

1

1

1

li!|

■1^ <

H«od«hm. i-;i

HrMho FulU, IBI
MnUUdcn, IB-1
Olaltac. Il«6
0««.Clrx. rrrf.*, 1813
OmrnloDilt-. &'(!

R? E

italDdaro. SM
K»o Cram, XTJ

II. Uym. >M

I^«).KBIk«,

llH;.n AJT». -M

K.muilDitrer, 'U
JarrdW Km, <3D

T.
13,

1

IB
•B8

1!

3:
1|
i:

1

B

9

i

i

la

B
»

a

!

U
11

li

n

1

1<

ii

SB
t

2a

10

s

:m

B4

16

■a
*)

u

tiB

I

3

I
B

6

i

4
8
B

0

g

B 1
12

3 3
B

1

1 a

3 B

1

4 1
14

4
1 1

1 4

H

SI
1(M

3 40

4 W
1 w
IIW

*a

M
N
4B

;i

flilHibii, BTu
*dj«lek CllT, «T^

grsi^r-- .lis

Mnnpr. V.i

'•^"•SS; IS

■' Korlb, SJl)
ViJl.jBr.iOk, t:3
Villsv Fall*, KiB
V.,dfgn. ir-lli. Ku

WubMOiW, B^7

w>u°'bi»*.^' ' Bn;

WilllYlllr, B7I

VftntTB Pnrfc, b:u

WtiinorirlBDd, B;i>
WbiuClrj. B73
Whlh.llL.l.d. S70

xt'iniiiid, s;i

Wylndoila, '*='«

John Fi'tUT, ■?:
<i..i,raBll.-M. <bt

Wh.el'rMW.lliP«i,^7^

UorciKD-'renoor, T6

';,a.",-,s,a.™...,

rhCiuW. Jiinri, 'SB
L^lhiT N-'Kcmb, -BO
L.vill.\VlUiii,i..D.,^a3

[/Sttrt. riMI, I(0..1
.\iih.iilI.ABUia, ti8

(i...rg« W. eklnaar. -68
Li,ib>.r U, Pl.tr, -flB
Uan.inll.Toi.DBy, -•6

ll«0

;.s

1 M
* «

ao

IB
M

"5

TIM
IBB

H
W
1

««
1 BO
B'ltO

OTBIB UlRlSTEBI.

J.M. Aahlcr. Scdgirick Citf.

Jt,bnIl.B,rd,L*wr

»». A. It«kwlUi, ITiodoab*.
AlbmBDiT.
SClWAKr.-Cncncnrg: 4 i

Bupplled bj llconliaicioT la
lIlKnTf ■>• ; tpifion; BB nsil

.Smiih.T'.pgkJ

Ste^en..Top*l
iler 11. 8u rr.,
.Ion., Qulnda.t

l2^Bfamale>i 4ii3 n>

■iDdlna II

IliBABB*Trif'ciinou>: 7,113 Onln. 1,143
BincTObkirr C01TKIIIUIKIH.I (71 ohiireht
OrUw leul,— Fonlgn Ululona, tOStl.Vt

^L,»4.
or«17I.n.

Kansas; Kentucky; Louisiana.

ttBI.W; Am. OancngiKloDi] Uiitan, •!«.»; BIbl* Boo'f, tlM.W: other eanees, f l,TU/)7.

Far Home KipeaMeiBlehunhea.Te lutyHr): fliiljrtei, •U.WX.Ml chDrehedlfleee, tlly
BIS; lnolilent^ •e.OU.Ui B4bbiitli Bshool*, tl.JU.U. Tofai, fiB,MI.U, edeacMeor

CHAH0E8.~0niFsCBu: A'ev, — Ainu: Bloomington; Cllmu; Corn! Kmpln; LaUn;

Hipleilill;Pltubari;Bpr1n(Cni'k; WeaunanUnd. Drofpei titm tbe il>t. — Arkuu*

aiji Beilfraptlogi: BetHuiy; B«rl>D(ui»: Oore; Lnoumi Ogden; KMdlng; Ten.

Dru« Pnlile. KIkklTerUnow WatcniFukiilnuuhoppiirevl&bnawVKllrrPall*:

PlvmouUi <■ now Nemehk V^ley.
UmikTEU : OrdlaallDDe. ela., n» Tep«lt.
OKOAmZATIOH.— Tbe cbnrcbei en unilcd Id *U Aiwditloiu, end elK la ■ QxixmAL

KENTUCKY

PlueendNrnme. ^

UimrriM. .j

aopi. an, IBTi,

f.

""

IttmoTfd.

^1

1

1

1

i

1

\

J

i

i

s

J

i

1

1

1

Artel. 18M G.bflel Bordell, p. -8.

Dig mil, ISTl ^oh?I>T!w -71
C»Wo Cr«k, ISM J«ob Kmerid., 'jn
HUlidUv, ISW.jBcob Ernrtlcli. 'Vi

1

»

M

'

.,

3

1

3

at

e

in
m

Total. ii:huroho.,flm(-.l-i..r..

;;..

4j;

"

V>

s*

BDUHARy.— OlIDKCBK, el

BEKCTI'LENT OOKTaiBOTtOR

Iwud H. rilrcUld, Pne. B^rek Oolleie.

I. LoulD8at>bWtiScboolt,II.

Dropptd rrom Ike llit, —

Kebtucit. Moel

in lllulanktj AeineleUoii.

LOUISIANA.

^apt.3»),i8Ti.T'TtTt. I 18l4-1a. ) ^4-wr

Lk Fencfac Crou'i, im

SvwltSl .
VewOrloui^a.ln, ISM

P J-. Procu,
_ . NOM.
IBM 0. W. I

[HencT ItDfflH. Lt
[1. Hull, Uwn.,]
U. U. Cule,
DjuiIiI CI it.

etr>lsl>l Ui,lTer*ll7, H<w Orlen

SUUUAKT. — Obcrohk: 1 *rllh pniior; 3 vlih »tlnB putonl Snc

piled by lleentlmtH or mlnliten of oilier d<^Qumlnmlloa>]. Tdtju., 13

UlMKTEBt; 1 pulor; SeetlDipailon-; )o1hi'r!i. Total,13. Lleentlcli

Chubch Uekbiiii; 3»mi]cii ttt ttmmltt; M not apwifled. ToiAl

Bbienu Oi>lD,3T.
ADDinofle m 1H4-6: IT by profri.lon: 11 by Irtler. TOTAt„K.

I. AiUar, PM.

iTielDdtBg Inp

alnieblBBbOTft
I2D, loeUdfaw M

. ToTAi* n.

H7A]

Statistus. — Maine.

MAINE.

-— 1

F1k« and Name. §

ttnianu. .^

Name. ■£

'^.j"mt'

-

"s;".?'

^"'1

i

1

1

1

I

1

ii

:

1

B

AEIon, ITJl
Alo.n y, 1803
Alfted. nm

Alni. t7M
AiBbrnlftADnira,183(l

AnwD, IWi
Albi>na, 1U7
jUkl»..a, mi
Anbotn, HIrt 81., !«■»
"^ Wall, I8H

Busar.iilObnKh.ltU

" Cenlral. 1M7
Balh. Whitar ai., lt«

■";•'■£': !S

Brameo. ' »ii
Br- war, lat »ou

■• Boatb, 81U
Boek.p«r.,' sra

"■"""■ North, ;r

(Wall. 8i6
CuD'lon. Rim BL, Ki

CariSan, iwi
CamK-I. 4J3
0«T,.ll fcBpfgfleld.lSX

a.s. K

l>«-rlng. 1.1, 1TH.^

" W.,.-ir«raMsor.,18:i

Ilaar I.lo. tat, 111^

BaiMnd, IS13

Amni UMloa, a.p. '42 7

B>nJ. p'.finow.a.p. 70''
rohoIWk«ll,..p. -MT

Win'."e.'s*«aU, »,p. -a!) ''

SisSS;-'- '^■.

8'olomo"'p.Vr^-''''*'4B ■!

iieo. w. in»ta, D.D., 'u t

John O, Flake, I..D.. *4S '*

wiiiiuBHari. -an

J. AI«Md>.r Ro-, -MT

Dajia'Gl'l.nd, 'tB '*
rohn d'. Rmanon, 'SB »

•'■^„n°r""' ""■■"■'

An>raRadIcm,a.p. -42 7

^;r%^rkr.-.p':''-3S^

^B^^'i'Drf E4^j '
T.^baT. Boa, ap. 73 7

NohpoHnh Lincoln, 7a 1

r*«laD.K.aBa,ap.'T»7

KhHt B..lo'd»i B.p.>»TT
UbarJaa L. Sloheh. 'SI ''

.loM'ph 'Kyle. a.p. -fll-
Jo^«phltyl»,n.p. •S'ri

EdiTo*" [liwr '01'
JoflnP. Ev«i.,ap. ■43-

Airn-dlC.Ivea, -ii'

N""e.

AlbMn'oile, a.p. '4T ■
CruFnan d .P-rr7,a,p.73 '

Kj w.'aI^b 'p^or k' ;

Mona.

1 1

9 le

13

i -a

i 1

s

■

ui

m

X

li
a

i:

i'

li
r

6 U
. 3^

: 3

1 1

4 IB

i

3 3'

4 3

1 4

i I

ID

1:U

M
SI

X
40

•b

111

81
134

jn

M-i

*Ba

30

w
a3»

loe

80

«J

a«
33t

11

12

i

4U
H

'H

0

0

40
8

1
li

(
1

<

(

!
1

!

'i

3j

0
D

J
0

0

0

s

0
0

0

i

0
0

0
0

■ t

0
0

0
0

(
(

(

80
Dl.

SIJ

MO

»a

30

M
3011
UT

«D

36

IBO

■s

«a
u

IM

KO

40
30

ISO
130

Sttttatics. — MmoK.

[Jan.

c™^

"~ 1

1

Majl

"r

AdalM

isrtT*

1IT4-TS.

-"'1

^|i|^

!

£

Jii

J

lk«j>.in«. ins

5SS. Si

JM»»i4kPlTntkJMI

^' i
sE- ii

a<HM<iD k UniKBa,! Rl

ndiMIn'', tsm
;^iad ^atla, TU*
fala an ILiiil, mi
raahion k Broofca, Ui:

^utb. 1838

R'r::i:-'' IS
&,.,.., «...,,!§

asi"' ■ IK.

ir ii

llauhin.p..l, TO
ia^bOi'ld! ' 1>!:

"'"wandUBbron,!^

jl'p'fi."' H-SI

«„„.„,,,.,. ij;.

K»a.

Jot.nCAdM.a.a.p.'Sl
W. n. B»k>II, a-p. «I

ftrrbrn A. LoriOf , 18

J.b»TBalB«h. W
UmilolUIo}, ap. ■3T
Baiau K. Stbaa, M
AiuUn L. P.rt. •«4
Ivi. r B. Tbafcr, 'a
□anr> rarrar, B.p. V

K. P. BulaAB. a.p. Tl
Cilia UaH«a,ap. TS
CbaHraO. UiOoJI]-, ■«)
J. Rrar-I Ppfd. 'M

A1btriCp]a.i^p. 'C

'°|p— ■'

T'E.''Br.«ow.a.p. ti

A^li'k Jsoaa, 11

i;h«: ![■ u!S; rjl: v.

(i«ir(*W.CI>rl>iw, Ii
Ch>>. K. aiDDBU, In

Ow^aVlok-rmim. ■«

[Joihani Stw.U.LUtn
ll.lJ.O.f-od, -T
[Ja.. H.C™by,£l««-,

Sicvb. UBoirl r^.p.-U
Um. W. Kclley, a.p. Tl

F.'K.''Eai.rick. ..p. T»

Biippiw la part.
[/■tv/ uttuley an-)

Amur. II.T)1.r.a.]>'M
H-n.)rll.OiB0™l,a,p.T4

.l..hi,'lla.ktli;a,p. "^'M
WlUlan r. Ubaaj, -W

■n

n>

t

T3

4*

TI
1?*

;:i

T4

■:3

■;a
It

T*

TO
Tl

m

1

21

M

£

si

K

£

i

tl
3

*
i

n

I!
»

»

11
1<

M
K

1

1
«

1

1

i:

88

w

4*

M

»
1»

•

ai

n
la

M

n<

48
IM

u

i
1

41

ii

Tl
TS

u
w

1

41

1

k
4:

li

so

in
i-

s
i

•

<

(
(

;
t<

1

«

0

j

1

1

1

1

'i

I

1

!

!
1

\
]

i

0

i
e

i

1
1

TS
M*

m

H

M
IN

S

i

11

n
w

IM
»

i

Un
M

IM

i

an

M

380
IH

»
•»

«)
Db
M

Q

1«

so
n

.5

U76]

Statistics. — Maine.

■a

PKa«BdR™c. &

UlNllTEIII. ■!

1

ca. hehb'bs.Ia

4-76.

RcmaTed.
ISTHB.

"

i

iilll

li

II

1

.

i

\

1

Hewncl'l, WtM, 801

KnaioarriTFr. 7S9

?.':3S,".'-""-,K

Xr* Vlncj-ard, 829

Xo.Tunlh, ad oh., »<l
Sot«.y,l.l, -Wl

Omno,' fl»

K.-'- -S

Pt'llipa, 8£{

Ky' :g

niriliind.MPsrlifa, 7HT
" BlKh 8tK. ., Ml

jIST'""!:;

KopkU-d, ' S3B

BDm£?d.* IS^
flaco, HI. 178i

8u.dfurd. ITBB
" Boolh, 17M

ficart»rouiib, 17'JS

BrigwTi ft n.'arillp.i79i
Vlllngc, 1847

nfr':v„,..™""

ekJ^w^ipin, ISM

Sit IS* iii

Bt. Aibini, l»u
BtiDdL-h, 1 134
Blow and Ch=th«n.l9fll

eirnna, ism

Ba^^'^ ini7
T.'inpli', IWa

G«o.8.K™p,a.p. 'M

Job D W.H.Bakcr.a.p.'tS
Ben]. Tappon, d.d., •»

K.";-.> .„.,

bl-'dB.O.pi«l.a.p.-7j
VV-p|[lntiaoIt.CrDM,'ai

0, A"Look»«d. to

Nod*. ' *■

H, S™Li.riaB, a.p. 'M

Koiio'.
J J. <;Mr™0>w«,D.D.,'l')
Wllllnin H. Fonn. -W

Si« P.™"; '''■?.

BnrkoF.LcaTllt. 'TS

w'"o.*CanT.!'i'p. ft
fJa«fphSt.Juh0.iJB..l
ioa. lC.n>li,a.p. 'B7

«.P. Blanehant.BiJ.W
[Bid]. B. HarrllI.ElB..]

Noop. """""' ' ''■
lonalh>iiS.Adaiiu,-»

Nodi'

W.W«.lb.iy.ap. 18
Eir.N.Bmlli, a.p. Il

0«?p''l^wK •«
IB, Wiwclwtight, «l
Win. Rl. r<ewBll.ap. "SS
J. P. TrowbrldBc, -7*

'■l°^p™".«'P- "01

J.™It.U.WB.BJ».,'«

•1

70

■M

i

1!

■«!

•SB
BT

•w

•76
Bl

1;

i
\

B4

H
1-

Hi
'*;

8
SO

1

111

T.

li

w
1^

IK 0
II 0

SI a
m 0

8 D
SI Q

14 0
J 3

0 U

4 0
11 i
li 0

ll 0
£B 4
E7 B

38 a

15 3
0 B

0 S

;;s 0

11 0

A 1
2 0

■ii

i «

3U D

IS B
U ft

3 B

0 0

0 0
D 0

0 a

0 0

0 a

ll

0 0

b 1

« 0

1. 1

0 0
2 4

8 11
6 14

IB«
SIl

0 i

0 0

\

1
i

0
0

1

0
D

0
0
3
0

«

B
0

s
a

0

i

<

0

1

D

0

D

0
0
0

D

\

1

d
II

0

0
0

D
J

w
100

«I

VI

lit

40

s

00

6(

»7S

MO
130

\n

H
BO
90

3B

40
100

so
u

Dd

H
06

00
200

00

SB

i

u

BO

■876.]

Statistics. — Maine; Maryland.

T. — Cmmatai: BI wlQi puton; U wllb •etJogpuInn;

. TOTAl-IM. Bull

in. Total. IM. TJ<»iill>l«i.
Total, IB.SIB, I

AvotTKiHi n IBT4-t: 1

(iDslndlss tt

bTprofMrtonr WlbiWWr. TOTAl, »M.

BraOTAU u ItT^^: Ml &j deuta; Ml bf dlunliul; 9 bj aiMmiBiuiluUoD. ToTAb,

1ITt-E: tNadnll; 111 Inlknt.
Sirnoniji! 3a.<ISII. »■!«. 2M.

<hM.a)TUot itn): %tUa% ■ durnM of $SS1

fi^laocrf OD tha lltt,— AbboU and SnIUbrd.

imntDH im,— »l»»«nB.r.

; Ordlnitloni,

irtsen AMOclttlou of If In

I •"BrBMiiloii' CBUllowi)'' "

renr-oia ehuroliH u

IniUlUllont, S. Dili
OMAinZATION.

AwettM unite

^fciiwbM (Ogihui Bod Shelbiuu) Bod

MARYLAND.

ru»aBdH>ma. ^

N»nB.

j

1

\

Scpl. 30, 18TS

i«;*-Ta.

•-I

ill II

I

^

1

1

ilil

11!

rn-Mburgh, ffWiA.Uia

T, J, Hoi™., p.

■•'

;!-:

148

"

.,p.

IT

Total: 2 .huroLoi. on» mlnlatcr.

»

JiU

OtHIB NUIIirEM.—

iMroM of tl33. Eiriiim :

Lou of msmbert, ta. LoM

'ion or Nil* jEsaET; ITroM-

Statistics. — Massachusetts,

HASSACHUSETTS.

- Korth.Vlh,

3*

.l(MeH..loo-.,-.p- '81

AdOB.

Kr-nkUnP-Woodr 11

Ad«a,N<.nh,

l-mncLlyn Pralt. '84

S^uih,

AvwuB, ris«llii2

- '"coDr„

iU'ph I'Brry. ■«

AUM.

Now.

P,i.iy S. Bojd. W

!«

.N.-.«h.iiL..i.»iii™,'s;

" lto.lfl<-,M,

rvu' \7. aT S.iHiia,

- Collep-,

D-D , '31

•■ Kani', Nanh,

13

None.

■ ch, ora.,uih,

[f. P. Pgll«B. We.,]

AsdoT^r, tkiuib,

f;h3rl« timllli, ' >«

- WMt.

fome. n. Hcrrill, '39

■ F«.Chr..

Oi'orgc K. WrlRhl, ■«

" Th~.'til^m'..'

Jiitlnrtun,

«'■

D,nl..lU).d..D.D..'iS
Uoonua B. Vuku,

Jd.

Dh'-."p«bodr,».p. ■*

AihbT.

Non..

Ixmi-j ninswall, "T!

^•t.l4ad,

KilWd F.Tonn.]r,tp.'«

Atbol.

T.mpleCall.r/ 111

Aultboro'. W., lit.

.Tobn WnliohiU, k-p. tl

S UBDcl Bell, 'M

" FJIlVlllQgB,

Kr»oL. K. IbnWn. 'It

AobiirD,

KlnBtbiinO>Ti>,B.p. "M

Ar«.

llonea Parker, bp. 'SI

ILrry A. 0««ll.i.«, in

•■ OonireviUo,

an

Xewion I- Jddiu. 'T4

" Hy.n.iii.,

SS'.-.^'.'l^"''

w;

[[i.W. Kldredg.,!*.,]

"^■'■''Ntlh,

Bwirard.

' None.

B«lcb(rlnwTi,

JsrcM™ '!

B.lnioiit.Wu<eily,

IMrkUy, 111,

WSSSC.'- ?s

B«rUa,

L.royM.PWr«,..p.10

Bmarly, f^onh, Id,

\.J.g»•ion^B.p. '39

•■ Daic B>..

O.T.LiiiinlH«r!i>.D., 'U

-■W»hla^B6l,

Bunion U. Frink, 'M

Bmcrlo,

IR'.iryA, H»iBn, '»

Bluliitaii*,

Bluulfard,

Aina W. Field, '7^

Borton.-'

" Choiloilnwo, lit

N"no.

•• Old Booih,

HSI

I. U UnnnloR. d,d., '94

•■ OoKhsiLisr, Id,

J.». B Heme, D.D.,'M

"PtfkB;..

so;

No«.

•• DdIdd,

fF.A,W«n-U.p.B.7l

- Bonlh. nilllln..

Ed.n'JKAld<.n,D.i>.,'M

•' Barks).-)- .L,

m:

?Vm:aK*ri;h^- S

sri|'j!".

lUudut Tbanuj
IHslAlafS.TwoiBblf, 'UlTllUtaO

i8;&]

Statistics. — Massachusetts.

1

OH. MEMB'B8. Adml'dllll!

^ """1

V\mtaiSwBa.

3

1

1

liiiil

m\

■JwK^o Puis, 89.

:»&?••■•"!:

- W«V IM
BojUtan, 74
Bwdtonl. 1.1, m

■■ rorwKV., B60
BRnkOtfld, Evu., 768

tssi,".':-"—'''!!;
.; |s ■;;_ g

" p.«, PiigriiB,'isfl;

Oanton E>^6ont., H2t
CBrllale. IS»I
OuisT. North. 1738
Ckarlemoot, Iri, 1788

OiarllDD. Cikt.CoDg.IT8]

ass,v&.,..,,!s

<*-.?-S!;i. !S!

OliHter, Comre, 176P

**'^'*"'p.!l.,3d.l4o
Ohllmark. ' ITOli

" B.rchWoid.,198*
Oolentfia, 1760
Ot»i«„d. TrIn-, 16M
Otrnwir, ir«»

- \V«iVlilag.,l*4u
D.llon, 178^
IHni.C«iilra. IBM

- MjlpliT't.. 1844
DarlBoLitb, ^nlh, 1W7

Edwird Strang,D.D., '42
K. B. Wohb, D.n., '60

Edwird A. Kand, '66

Non*!
Albert E. Donning, "70
Albert H. Plumb, '6fl
O.J, v.. d. !,..,» ™

a.nii« D. Oammall, '«*

F.'f!w11 llama, a.p. '63
John D. KlDgaburr, '66
Thoa. A. EmnriDd, "OO
A. EI.Jo)inKn,ii.p. '06
&or»M, D. WalVaf, '44

ElbrldaeP.UaBln>T,'70

L. B. Woodworth, -74
^ 0. 8. MaSelllo. To

ChM.''L. oSid.' ..p. -S
Obario* Andaraon, '74
Aloi'n'erUiiICetlilD, -ei

Daild 6. Maura, -«
acorgn K. LeavltC, '66
Robert B. Hjill, <;3
John W. Savagu, ■.p.'M

Wni.W.LIrlnntan,>«a
ir™rjG.M.rA.I!, -n
Wellfnffton Nuirfll, '68
Joho Hav^n. -SO

" Non^°'^' ''^' '**
.Lliiiaon P.Foatcr, -88
Chai. P. e. N«on, '74
BenrfA. Dlckluion.'Ot
Oyru.B,Whll«o<iib,'74
Wm. A.Fub«, B.p, '116

Jo-h.T.Tnekar.D.D.'ai

W.tl.SlnrWTUlI, a.p .'68
DoWIUH.Olnrk, >«8
Moody A. Stoiena, '62

UihGrSWrley. ' -71

Oilug. Morrla, a.p. '48'
Richard B. Dilllnn, ',W,'

•7

t

■7;

r.
1

s

il

0
3

i

1£

21

a
70

ic

8

»

8
42

S

26

S

m

u
20

34

122

ei

41
4:

SI

m

88

y

231

07

48
130

!!

301
261

a.

136
341

227
64

880
42*

93
670

104
68

481

,!!

208
38
142

tJ

a;

"■;±:l

SIS :

20 8 8!is u

B 0 0 0 0
32 8 6:11 7

B 0 6( 6 a

20 0 6 8 1

21 3 6 0 4

2 7 2 2 4

88 17 11 18 11
68 0 2 1 1
ae IK 18 SI 4 21
St 17 16 82 2 1
4 3132 41 1

14 a I 7 4

12 1 12 1
20 1 i' 3 1

S I ij'i \

0 0 u! 0 0 1

!1 6 10 16 1 i

s 026 0 ast

7 8667
10 8 0 6 406

:'!,;!g

0 10 3 322
0 7 4 0321

; 0 2 10 12 38*
0 1 4 11318
0 4 0 6 B«
0 1 0 I 66

0 0 0 0 60
Oil 1 126
0 0 6 ) 472

iiJiisi

0 320 0 61

Miis

0 8 2 0 IBO
0 4 8 2148
2 10 6 J 326
U 4 0 0 100
0 3 0 1 76
0 23 4 8 121

ii

0 1 4 0 no

0 7 4 1 66

1 4 1 1) 126

u 0 0 0 IS*
0 4 1 Olio

0 2 0 0 '40

0 2 (V U eo

0 10 5 6 320

i'L;;|

1 1 a 1 MO
0100

0 1 2 42M
0 8 U 0 176

0 1 iloiu

nCOND StKtKS. — vol. VIII.

Statistics. — Massackmetts.

Uan.

Onimcinu, |
Plue and ITans. |

UlNIITEBB. ^

N«n,. 1

i

Jm.I,1176.

n

neraond.

-i

^

1

J
&

J

1

1

:j

i

1

i

1

1

j

J

D«r*ri4.S^"iJth, mi
Onh.Cong., IWf

I>™nit,l»IEv.don.l7ai

■■ Cenital. IStT

DudUy, ITM

DMbury'pilsrlin, IW
E.Bildtrewak-r, Un..lM
Ka..nan.p»jn.W|,1.81

Eaaton, V.V

(Cnflcid, 1790
BnliiB Et. Cong., IBM
Bmi. Flr-t, IMl
Krerell, IMI

Fall River! FlnK, ISM
Central, IMi

Falmouth, Pinlrf' 1708
Bail. IMi

'• Wnquiilt|18<l

Rollnone,l»e8

Faiboreogb. 1779

" 8(11.111, 1173

Franklin, 1781

■■ 'BoWb, IIM

OUI, 17K

aluuHllcr. Wcit, IIIA

'■ lli.rt-or, E».,1SJ(1

Oradon. 173;
Qnnbj, 'ilea

"'-Ak, is

Gl.Banln(lon,l>t,ITM

Oreenwlth.^ 1711

Oroveland, 173'

""^"^Nmh Id IS^
- KuMdl, ' IW:

" F0DrCDr'>,Sd,»9

CbaMeiB BrooV 'BO

Rob'LCrawfcriI,n.D.'«

Ebineier Davci, a p,-*!
Wm-W. Dow,n.p.'-ea
W»;™T.Brt„, .«

Bnfui Kmereoa. a.p. -es
Aaron B. PvBeia.a.p.'M
W, H. Woloolt, a.p. "70

Aaron U. Oollon, >«l

Hd»»rdC.ES";g;''''W
AbUah Bluwcll, a.p. 'U
KdH'da.Bmiili. p.a.ll

Winfl«ia8.B»wlt«,'eS
W. W.Adam.. i>.D,W

HIehael BDmbBm, >7e

Albert Paloe, a.p. •M
r8..ppli«lh;yMeih,]

Henry M. Tyler, TS
Geo-W. W.^BOtl, '69
Bernard Paine, a.p. •e7

Cbarla. Jooe., >«
DiTid U. Bevi, a.p. tS

Wmi.mD.Ilaniek, W
Obnrlc Deerber, '41
1). Dana Marab, t»
Kdm'dB.Potisr,i>.p.'43
». [{lehardKD. a.p. t8

Oeor^Jncban, a.p. W

i'lv^n J. Ba!Ur"' •«
R. Bennr BaTla, '7a

A sanitDt Al (ord ,n.u.'ei
Enrf. Beodder, 'le
ChnrlMW. Uallory, 14

Fra^kA.Warficld, 71
Kdward P. Blodgeil, 'tS
BeiO. A. Bable,p.e. 'te
John 0. Falne, '3'

£;:i!.ia;' s

B. a. Dwlgbt, D,D, '(4

ciX'o.niii, 11

Cyr.aW.AII,n,ap.'33
l^D. P.Sloi<e.a.p. '48

H.L.Rocli»ood,a.p.'40

16
■73

::

7a

1

•71

"a
1
1

!

M

6h
76
71
14
■87

73
■43

10
■IS

X
»1

la

41

lo
s:

ISi

u

TO
1

67
0

31

11

et

«

le

33

ei
&

M
M

SI
41

is;

»;
1»1

41

41
8]

N

141

il

4^

2

90
67

ei
ea

»;

ii;

310
819

310

106
304

3ll«

89

66
160

lae
ae

S3

es
ea

IM

!e«
i»
ai'

1

!1

13
9

11
11

11

I

1
SI

i

(

;

i

!
!

J

6

:
\

\

i
li

K

:
1

ij

3

}
j

\

10

li

i;

J

1
i

\
\

(

;

0

0

0

■14

Dtt
H>

101
43

M
»

ati

IN
60
144

m

30

i:t

leo

M

an

MS

am

88

4i
40

aw

n
u
aT6

IM
38

aso

BO

i
i

u>

1876.]

Statistics. — Massachusetts.

Chhchm. ■g
?lau and Vtmv. <-

1
I

1

C«. KCMB'SH.

Adml'i

■"■

1ST4. 1

1
1

i

i

I

1

\

1

1

i

1

1

n

Hiri-rltk. 1.1 CWv .,1738
* BUbcrtiflle, 1B07

BuHtnU, Weal, YIH-

Centre, 1*33
" North, IBSB

■Bm\ ^ 17116
Blii*tom,Er.Cong.,lMi

fti^rook.WlaUir'p,l§6e

^i 'it

n<ill1>Lgn, III, V»

" Sd, IMfl

Eea.. IS

B<igilii|tod.l.t, im

■■ Soulh, 1747
•• lad Kowler. —

Unebrook, I74»

ekitllls, ITU

lawren«. Caw. .I..m7
Cential, 18*1

tanniMiidow, 1716
" Saal, ISZI

lawell.Pwt'kcteb.IWI
■- 111 Code., IKd
" Eliot, 18W
" Jnhn It., IBM

''^■CMlf.l IW
LjB0flBld,odB.Ay.,17a

Uuehcalvr.Ur.Oia.ini

•xr"™"'*'-'"

KrtK.nJ.Moore.ap.'BI
H'ra.Oreonwuod, •.P.T4
Ephralm W. Alk-n, >U

Jo'hn'/lSS'.T'i.p!'' ^

"tei" ""••■■■■'•■•"

Wm. P. Paine, D.D.. ■»
J, W, C. Pike, a,p. MS
OEorgoU. Adami, '61

OeonteEI.Ido, ta
John U. BiowK, 115
Chiirle. W. fifleld, T4
Inhn H. Biibep. -W
P.'rieyB.Uaili, W

M.r.bJl B. Angler, "M

Benlninlii Hows, '4.1

Jchua'Colt, ■W

John"n'. Burrowi, 7S
Clark Cartflr, TO
N«hunnlale,DD„ '4»
Amoi B. Coolldae. IT
tihoi. a. Parkhartl, 14
HenrjA.Walee.ap.'M
Henrr E. Oool-j. a.p.'M
AisP.Ciirk, hp. -ii
Edward a. Poner, 'OS
ilenryJ-Klrhardion,*!

Albert 1. Duiioft, Vi

,TamoaA.B«ei,«.p."«8

jITbnll.Qremui. V,

I J<,«iipb'B.S«bui7,''71
Oharki D. Borrow!, 71
Owen atreel, '43
Sam.V.McDaffw.a.p.'W
T^moi by Lyman, a.p.JW

Nunc. "'

A lliertn. Carrier, 'Ba

.TamM L. Rill, Te
Darin. B. BMlt. 75
Dirlu. B. aoolt. jt;

OisirKf L. Olsiaon, "do
Jacob Ida, Jr, ■«

73
70
•74

I

i

T4
73

74

o;
n

43

74

M

7S
73

74

74
73
•88

74

•«
74

71

ta

7.

■w

7<
74

74

31
10
l>
«3

u
ft

N
31

Tl
I0(

a
If

ai

U(
S(

si
a;

lOD

31
(1^

41

44

37

ISI

IW

4S
IM

»1

ai8

31

si
u!

w

N

1

34
"Si

asi
\.al

»8

aw

M

ns
w

lu
w

"!
loe
loe

031
378

4b;

»

13
31)

ii

w

4

3
1

(1
0

si

D
3

!

0
2
33

la
a

i

1

li

1

0

*

e

0

IS
9
0

31

S

0

8

0
»

I

a

e
«

31
31

11
37

1

i
0

s
J

a

a

6

1

i

;

3

1

1!

136

I3S

343

•06

IMI

a

300
M
340

90

SW

M
3S0
310
3-JD

300
224
100

m

100
833

IB*
MO

Statistics. — Massachusetts.

[Jan.

ClICIlCHEB, 1

Tan""?'

Adm.'.

Unmoved.

^i

1

1
1

1

1

1

i
5

i

Ill

II

1

1

i

Harblrhcad, lal, 1«SJ

EEsK.- is

" Ban, 3d, 1336
M.tUpo1»«t, 1738
Maynard, 16M
lfoaBpId,ZdODng„lsa8
Hedfijrd, Myatlc, 134T
^ ■■ 'w'e-t.; JSTS
Med way, Eaai, l»t, ITU
W«I,2d,I7H

K.,™., "'•- !S

llnhncn.lM, ITU

Mlddlfll.'ld, " *'lTS3

Mllford.l-'tOong,, 1711
KiUhnry,Ul. 1717

UlltOD, 1«. ' i«:s

" Itallmy. M, 1943

MoilKn, 1782

" IfXV. Fan., 1S7«
{ " Tunier'.FiilU.MJS
HoDlerey, 1130

Moo-,t WaAinjton.ia74

Kantnekirt, 1723

NUlck, U\ OonE., ISDl

'• Ba..J<>hnKirDi, I3W

JTenlham,WelI«'y,lJV8

'■ Granlvllla, IS47

" Kv. Uoag. I3AT

Mew Bedford, IM, 1AM

North, ISOI

K.JL.H'-' is

Newbury, lal, 1833

Byfleld, 11 IW

Nowhurypon, Ho„ n«B

'1 «h. ITM

" WblteUeVd, 133
NawMi.rlbow'.l.t.lTH

" MUlRlverl 371

New 8»l™, 846

Krwt.nCentre.lal, 331

■• WM.2d, -81

" Bllot, 341

" North Village, SSI
<■ NowtonTlile, Bl«

NDMhiimpton, lit, 38:
" 2dw*r4», 333
" Florence, 381

No. ABdore^Kv.. 334

John II. WlUiao... -78
l'rinkD.Rvt>e*,a.p.14

Kbmi»ErAI<l€a,Jr.,'43
W..H.C,,.,,..,.*
PblUp B. Shlero, Lp. "71
Thaa'. U. Baldwin', ' '87

s;i?si,"i.'ss,s

KIHi. R, Drake. W
CharleaU.P.Irca, "K

afl(re1:art«,n.D,o.,'ll
UeDfgoA,l\itnani. m
H\w.y Fowler, '32

Hfrb't».Howea,a.p.'70
;ja>.A.Cllrk,I'r(«.,]'M

tAl™^k.Toad,Lfc!.,!
J.J. K. J,.Dei, p.e. |T3

^.D.'^Soimer.iiV'' '33

"S?— ■"'■ ■"

M«llh.wC.Jnll,B. m

Jam<'a K.CXIIdg, 13

UandolphOvopbdl, 13
l>.on/.FUIi.,i..D„'47
tt. J, BpaldlDV, DJi , '48
Oolliv-o K. Ale, >»
Samuel B. Free, 'BK

n. L. Furber, b'.d., 'tl

f^7A''¥;^Si,d.;^

Nono

SltabBQ. CoU;"' f*
llurui O. Flagff, T!
Htmce Duioii, a.p. '33

3"

■72
1'

•08

m
m

T3
■33
74

I

^^

M

'7:
■s;

■8'

■a'

71

41

Ti

31

»

13
43

«
3>

3!

»

isi
«

IW
30
32

tss

S3
W

n»

8U
im

139

130

ISl

1

271

1

23<
107

in

8)
161

i

2:

13:
M>

Ui
19

n

in

30
SO

03

2>

1«

63

432
168
173

IS-.1
106
2B6

23:

121

3T1
111

10

T

2J
20
40

1
8

S!

1
tk

a
*

3

ai

1

1

1

IC

0

3

0
8

4

<
8
0

5
4

8

1

■1

21

33

»
0

3

M

\

11
18

1

T25

10 1(
0 i

0 1

0 2
0 1

0 0
0 6
0 4

0 9

0 e

0 6

u »

0 6

0 s

0 8

!!

1 T
0 0

a 0

11 2

0 e

0 a

112

0 10
082

0 i

oil

i

(

0
0

i

?

3

I2S

1

ST
IM

un
3oa

|S

1ST

i

'S

to

t3«

H
M

M

1

n

100

TO
3H
263

23i

•d
tot

IN
»

1

IH

3a

330

2M

■«;«.]

Statistics. — Massachusetts.

i

.I.B.1.187S.

1«7*.

ItUDOVBd.
1874.

m"

1

FlKc »nd Sum.

""'"■" III

i
1

1

j

I

1

i

1

il

11

I

3

iri>.Bn«>n.-id,iii,mi

FoithU'M.Tr .Ooog. ,1 9a

Es:.r"- s

"^-•SSii IS

Si-"- is

sC:-. i

MhuD, I»»T
- FKkurdTUIe, lB«tt

P.ppc«ii. m;

l:ii;b™. !r^

nymploB, IJM
PrcKoU. 1«£)

Oulncy. Ei. Cong., 1832
End/lpb, 1«, 1731
B«dlag. Old fioolli,1770

tlcbabolb, 1711
E^er». 182»
ttJchmond. 17M
Boebwlet, C™i™, 17M
" North, 17S3
BogUand. 18U

sr^isr'"- iss

Uiffi, Tibrroulii, ISII

■• Cr^bie •'., isai

bl».bury.B'.ynili,lT16
" .T.diiii«bu^,lUI

iJdwl'!"^"'"'!^
e*nia> Caolre, ]iS3

Shuon. ut CnB^., 1741

.|<ibB"Bl Thamon, 'M
O, H. De ll«ol«, •»

J!^^Kk.ib"^"^ ■«

J. P.Bl'iby.B-p. "M
Alpba Urrlon. 'U

s™iw.ci«k«,B.p.i*

CbarlME B»n«Kiil,"Il
Iraoi W. Bmlth, 't»
Thon.i«.B.llHbl), W

P.J. FalTbuikl. Ikp. '«4
3-dnieN.Anlhony,'5;

\Fm; kI"?"!!!, i.p', '■«
WllllBD. K, V.I1I, 'W
Urnrgi- F. 8w*iD. ^6
Owrao Oniidci', I.p. tH

Kdw.rdO.B>rUm, ta
S>n)'lllDrr1wn,>.p. 'U
Wni.CuruUien,B.p.'»7
Sol™™Cbrt.;p. '41
DiTld Brltbun. i.p. -IB
ClH>. A.T^wh-bqry, 'OS
Wm. ll.nry Oobb, ti

PbrnpTltuomb, B.p. '«

o«,?g''a.aowe, *7*

Kdw»rd KortoB, W
JoboO. Ub»r.f, W
Fr.inctt H. BoynMB. 'M

WmtsmH. WlUaoi.'M
luic It. PrluT, >.p. '73
Fr«l*rlo l-Bloior. ^4
[L.W.Curti*. /VM».]'4a

Uw'lilp.Alwood.tp.'M
AjumI W. WciIgHic, 'SI

Chmli'nC.UiiInlin, 'SI

a.rfxa, !s

tilr.o.B.lMto»D., W
adw.rd 8. Alwtwd, 'M
Hugb Eltkr, >eS

N.a.Wrtgb(,..p. i»

■K,Br'»dbiity.P™6.]'3e
irrL'd'k Oinsrd. iL.p. 'SI
Rr»i»it V. Tunney, •«

Henry 0. Wuiloa, ■«
Mvon Nohlf, Jr., -SS
Alfrid F. ilAnh, m
Soni,

'SI

';

■7i

I-
•T(

;s!

■81
7:

•si
7U

lo;

71

%
11

1

i

to!

41

's

21
Jl

a.
w
du

M

M

193
M

Bl

s
"i

2S
100

3«
J8
103

So

w
ss

u

iil
141

3!
IH

i

17t

IW

X

n

i

24
2'

18

11
W

17

a

41

11

%
0
0

«

»

u

33
1
0

11

92

a

3
0

0

11

3

1

DO
11

0 I

1

oil

t' I

IK

i

I
:|:

■: 1

0 (

J:

SI

ill

1
;

11

10

li

1

U 0

0 <
4 (

0 1

3 <
0 (

4 0

0 1

U U
t 3

1 0

ill

28S

4M

1

1S«

ISS

ISO
UK)

1S(

:»o

5

13*

ai»

3

M

ait

iW

an

80
70
M

i«a

m

Statistics. — Massaehatsttts.

tJan.

Name. \

■

7."";"

Adml'J

'^""'

lB7t.|

Place andName. \

M

1

ill

il

1

j

i

II

^

3

ehtrborn, 1486
Bhlrlry VillngB, IBJl

Bomcin lt'f-,Eait.1*l,1 tW
•■ Ko„Wlni»tHm.lBM
" Weil, l«4
" Dnlon Square, lilt
Bootta AMnglDD, IMT
Bonl ham plan, 1713
8oothboro'.Plljrtm,lSJ1
" Reulhfllle, inu
BonthbHdw, I Ml

"•"'■t "■&.■"■ a

^' OilW, B33
" Boulh. Ul

■• Nonb, MS

" Indian Oreh'd, MS
" Bandfordit, I8M

Kv -

Wnoh™"'^' "»

turbrldir, ' 17M

udbur^-. OqIod, 104(1
unJertnd. 1718

UUOtl, l.l, 17*0

Taonlon,W«t,l«,lMT
"Trin.Cong., mi
" Wla»lDW, 19S7
■■ Eail, KT.Oong.,iaAS
" Whllfi.l'n,nd., Bsa

'■ BaldwlniDUe, ST4
Tewkaburv, 73b

jsa^-' ■"•!;;

Top>fi^-ld, ««3

Talin-.^. 7M

Truni, l«t, 711

■' Sonh, S42

u{.to^;. ' TM
til tl. Id go, 73(1
'WnkoH'Id, Ha
W.lpole, KM
Walthatn, 820
■Ware, lit, 7*1
•■ K..t, BM
Warehani, T3»

^"^""wen, m

War»l<,li.Tr.Oon., 8W

Wwerlo^Phmip"; 8M
WavlunJ, 8»
Wtb.ii-r, fiSB
Wtlllleel. l.t, 730
'■ Bom fa, 2d, BSI

w«ia»uo«Bi»,irt, Ti*

B. Parlor Dyer, ■»>
JohbU.G-rni(ui,a.p.'47
Wm. N. T. D.an. -a
William H. Habbalt, ■N
WHIlan. H. Plerwn, ■«
Jaa.M. Hubbard, a.p. W
Albert K. Wimhlp; It

E4w.rd e. hi.,' ^ -74

Oeorge K. Klt'her, 'SO
Richard Kolgbt, W
Gyre. 11. Perry, a.p.'W
ff. Allen Bborey. 115
Edward A. Ke^, 11
Lnlhar R. Cone, It
B. O. Buck l>iRh-m.D.D.<37
Wub.Obulden, -30

Jo«nih 0. Bod well, "TS

Thoraa. Wilun, '48
H. L. KIcfanrdMD, >ea
Oeo. A. Uriatl, a.p. '39

rhoi. T, RkhTond, tl
|E.MidU.J.(«t,) 'V,

Marti nier Bllkt%.li.,'»
Fredk A. Heed, a.p. -4^

H. Morton D«'er, IB
Charlc* A. White, '73

a^?rkiS^'^'S!

Ji.'m«^:Fliu'" '■''*•»

Ed«.d W°5("br; 'S*

;i™fShrr^«„lf;tt.]
JohnW.H.]ex,a.p. ■«

Ch.rr«R.BII-i, 'M
Henry L.K«idiillA.p.'7i
Klulfian K. Blraog, •«

laaiah C. Thochir, '41
SamaelJ. An.iln, 1,-i
Angn-ln. 0, Bwain,
aamurl W. Clarke, '74

Rdvln'p. Wllnii, 'TI
Tnjm«n A. Merrill, '»
Hi nry M. Rogsri. -W
Bmorv a. Chad dock, 'on
Wm. Lconwd, a.p. '«
B.B.CotlBr,ap. 11

7

?!

•76

lI

M
V3

7
'H

•s

14
!*'

■71

1

41
%

a.

«
a;
n.

HA

31

a

B(
U
B

S4'^

31) 4 11

man

ai i

na isi 41

z)«»jit as

W4 38S 30

M 37 »
b3 «7 0

161 104 at

S« 67 19

I4«aii su
mm 48

61 (11 3

aw 331 81
143 iU 41

S,!5,!

8tiai 21

41 6» 1
103 143 S3

42 71 0
S3 65 8

fiS 77 10
12 15 3

lis 148 41
11120B M
I2S 173 30

M ins 36

ussra 61

83 111 10
30 B3 7
3 7 0

73 108 aa

108 153 21
118 IBB 56
MU» Ifl
U 10 0

ii

la 1

Kill

il i

0 [

ill

11
i

10
IS

*1

»7

e

3

a

0
V

ei

4

i

57

I

\

I

a

K
3

o"

0

D

01

k

X

o'a

02

9S
3

0
01

I

t

o|
•1

2.

i
21

!

■i

s

0

(

8

0

2

0

0
3

a

0

s

ITi
3U

or

IS

a

i

MS

ut

u
1>
m

118
N

nt
ire

116
1»
1»
t«0

Is

M

178

1

HO

131
US

Bl
160

W

OT
0

III

IM

1876.]

Statistics. — Massachusetts.

PlKa ud NmnKi. 1

"ZI" 1

1

i

en. HEHB'RS.

1871.

Removed.

BAPT.g

1

J

1

1

ll

1

ll

is

!

j

rf

Worlmm. 1»44

W, BrooiB'eld.'lrt, ITIT
WhiScIc]. Ill, 1B7«

WwJforrt, ^ w4t
WmI Ne*bury,1>l, lIWi

W.8lockb'mOBn_ 17»>

" Village, 18SS

W»rrnooth, l.l, 18M

" BooiS, ad, ITU

" Boulh, Onlnn.lMa
■• Nonti, Pllg'm,!»S3

" Lovell'a Cor., 1H73
WhMBlY. ITTl

wiiii.m.bore, 1.1, n

'■ B«d on villi., M

:: g:& S

Wllnjiiiglon, " ai
Wlnch^ndon.lrt, fl2
Konh, MS
WlBBhfiier. BW
WIndaor, 72

" Cl.Cal.lnl.tIcISM

■J nmon, ssf

" PlfmoDlb, SB
" TibcTDaele, S7J

fl-mnn P riefforeal. Ill

A, J.TitawoHh, 'n
Henry Hon Woa, "SI
Bcnry B. Hamlllon, Tl

lennuU.Keeler, '81

HdwarSN.Pmmy.W
.lDboB.HurlbBl,a,p.'7l

L^lWelUrrtfrS) W
ai.mael Hapler, "M
PVMikUB P. OAnpIa, 'H
George r.SUnUin, ■««

Junta MoLmn,' 'SB

UnrTln B. Howard, '»

JnmB.P. KtmHalJ, '67
Alberto. Bewail, T

Kdw. n. Qrimn.a.plw

rhu. ICoBkweU,t.p. >34
Daii. Fnatsr, |6(

Bbb" v's. Kelnny, -03
Charlea Aodenun, '74
NxhanlBl UlKhlll, >e4

)|I«uryB.B.rnM. 'vi

%

'T.

81

31

31
11

31

*>

a

7

11

«

81
19

io
11

12
ii:

a

81
8

'*;

2

84:
HI

3K

3i
101

i

3o:

asi

71

4ai
Jio

Ml

n;

3T

11

l(

in

1

a
a!

7i

11

%
8

lUB
11

1

i
1-

:
1

1

1

100
ISO

ISO

a

lis

1

108

H
4M

34S

i

GharlixU. L*m'aoB,">M
Wm. W. Parry, ft

8;

23:

(

ibijnh n. Bilker, i>j>., Dor-

JoKpb Boatdma

LiBid, Cong, I
'c?'Buru Ki

136

SfiFfiiftfcT. — Jifiiff4icihtfttffi

[Jan.

W. CUcfcertnir. dd*
!tf Mm*. Tcap. AIL.

Btttiamii r. CUrk, Dracot.
Xdm4 W. CUurk. Weatboro'.

A.B.C.F.M.,

(OHater4F«b S.Ue3.)
Xivarl Clarke. ClM*C«riM4.
I»>MCteyc»,Wjik«fleld. (Or-

Paired J ahr 4,1m.)
IKaxhaaM Cobb, cvaofefist,

W.O am 8. CoccSn, Bozibrd.
Benr> CooUrj, 8pf1nsfiel4.

WitliMB M. OoriMrll, M»D.,
D.D , IX.D., BoMOO.

John P. Cowlrs. Prfneipal
Toang L«dl> •' Bemioary,
Ipawich.

Joftiab D. Cro«by, Aakbtim-

"Henry Camminvi, Rutland.
CbrUtopher Cniihinfj;, d. d..

See. Am. Cong. Unioo, Bos-
ton,
J. Jaj DsDs, Hinadale.
Brnnrj M. Deiter, D.n., BdJtor

of CongreffotlnnnlUi^ Boa-
ton, rea. New Bedfbrd.
Aufttto Dodge, Xast Bridge.

WMtfr.
B<i4'<nilD Dodge, fnanranee

agent, Wollaaton Heigbta.
Oe«>rg.' T. Dole, lUading.
■x^'kTel Dow, Beeket Centre.
CalTin Dnifee, D.D.,Wllliaioe.

town.
Lados R. Eaatman, erangel-

iat. Bofiton.
Hi-nry L. Edward*, Sup*!

School e, Nurtbaoipton.
Alfred Emereon, I.Ancaeter.
Joahua Emery, North Wey-

mouth.
WtllLim T. Enetfe. peftor of

Ind. Ch., Springfield.
Lather Faronam, Lib. Oen.

Theol. Llb'y, Bonton.
Warren C. Flake, Charlton.
Robert W. Fuller, Stowe.
Wakefleld Gale,Kaethampton.
Bbeneirr Qrhj, Bridgewater.

rOnlained Jnn. 7, 1818.)
Kdward J. Giddinge, Honaa-

tone.
Nathn* iel H. Griffin, D.D.,

Willlttmetown.
Charloe Hammond, Principal

(if Academy. Moneon.
Frederic A. Hand, Dorchea-

t-r.
Stedman W. Hanks. S«'e. Am.

Henmen** Friend Society,

Cambridge.
St«wall Harding, Anbnrndale.

(Ordained Jan. IT, 1821 )
Ell W Harrington, ^orth

B«verlejf.
P. 0 lleadley, Boston.
Ephraim N. Hidden, East

Medway.
El ward R. Hodgman, Weet-

f 'rd.
FrancU Homes, teacher, Eat*

ton.
Jacob Hood, Lynofleld.

HeBrrB.
John C.

er.
John C.

SdU

Chark« M. Hyde,DJ»., BMwm'

hill.
Alexis W. Ida, West Madwvy.
fCdwfn L. Jacgar^obiiradaie.
Joaeph F. jSwBtsoa. Csntoa.
Uer.ry G. J«wiip, Amherat.
George B. Jewctt, 8aleai«
•Inhn £. B. Jewect, Pepprrell.
WilUam S. Karr, Custoldga.

pon.
S C. Knidalf Lnneasier.
Caleb KimbaU Med* ay.
Manbew Kingman, .^mht>r8l
BenjamiB Labarae, DJ>..Wa»t

Koxbory.
Isaac P. I^angworthy . SaeJkm.

Cong. A ••'>€.• Bo*ti»o.
Xaibaniel Laseil, Amesbary.
Amos £. Lawrence, Newton

Centre.
Edward A. Lawrence, D D.,

Marblehead.
Robert F. Lawrence, Maiden.
Hartford P. Leonard ,Tannion.
Albert Uvermore, Miner's

Falls.
Aretas G. Loomis, Greenfield.
J«»hn M. Lord, Kockland.
(Tharlea D. Luthrop, Amherst.
Henry A. Lonnsbary, Shirley

Village.
LeonniQ Lnce, Westford.
Geo. Lyman, South Amherst.
William A.Mandell,lnsnraBce

agent, Cambridveport.
AnM>n McLoud, Top«field.
Charios M. Mead, Prof., An.

dover
Lncian D. Mears, Sterling.
Hf-lah Merrill, D.D., AndoTer.
Daniel Merriman, Boston.
Joel D. Miller, teacher, Leo-
minster.
Rodney A. Miller, Worcester.
Simeon Miller, Springfield.
Ell Moody, retired, Montagne.

(Ordained Aug. 12,1818.)

D. Allen Morehouse, Essex.
Pardis K. Moiley,Pittsfield.
Thomas Monmg, ' Melrose

HiKhliinds.
Ebvnex'r Newhall .Cambridge.

(Ordained Dec. 17, 1823.)
Thomas S. Norton.
Daniel P. Noyea, Newbary-

port.
Benjamin Ober, Peteraham.
Henry H. Olds.
Cyrus T. Osborne, Andovar.
Edwin B. Palmer, Springfield.
Jamea M. Palmer, Boston.
Calvin K. Park, teacher. West

Boxford.
Edwards A. Park, D.D.,Piof.,

Andover.

E. G. Parsons. Prln. of Acad,
emy. By field.

Henry M. Pardons, Boston.
Francia B. Perkina, Sec. N. R.

Brnnch, American, (N, Y.)

Tract Soc, Boston.
Aui>U I Plielpa, oJ>., Prof.,

Andover.

Wlstbiop H. Fbelpa, Sooth

Fhilltpa, Nortli Chelae

IbnL
Lebb«aa B. Philip fkraser,

GroCoB.
Joha Pike, D D.^ Rowley.
Francia G. Pratt, MiddJeboro*.
Miner G. Prait, Andover.
A. H. Qniat, D D., New Bed-
ford.
William C Reed. Bevirly.
AnadD Rfeharda, D.D., Bo^-

toa.
Jacob Roberts, Aobumdale.
Augustine Rout, Taunton.
William LJCopca, Librarian of

Sem*y, Andover.
A. HasdBga Roaa, Worceater.
Ezektel Rofwell, d.d., HoIbrOc
Baalls Sanford, East Bridge-
water.
Enoch Sanford, Raynham.
Wm. H. Sanford, Worcester.
Jail us H Seelye, 9a>., FWL

CoL, Amherst.
Charies B.Smith,W. Medford.
laaiah P. Smith, Cambridge-

iwrt-
Wm S. Smith, Aubnmdale.
Egbert C- Sm>th, DJ>., Ptof.,

Anduver.
Charlea V. Spear, Prln. of In-
stitute, Plttsfield.
S Lewis B. Speare, Chaplain

of State Prison, Ciiarleat'n.
Wm. A. Steams, d.d , ImI^d^

Prea. Col., Amherat.
Milan C. Stebbins, teacher,

Springfield.
Harrey M. Stone, Winebeat« r.
Increase N. Taib^x, D.D.,Sec.

Am. Ed. Soc, Boaton.
Jno. Tailock, ix.D., attorney,

Plttsfield.
John L. Taylor, d.d.. Prof.

Theol. Sem., Andover.
William H. Teel, LancKTllle.
Josiah T. Temple, Framing*

ham.
Erdlx Tonny, Westboro\
Calvin Terry, Haverhill.
J. IJenry Thayer, d.d., Prot,

Andover.
Wm. M. Thayer, Sec. Mass.

Temp. Alliance, Franklin.
Chauncy B.Thomas, Amherst,
Leander Thompson, North

Woborn.
Edwin S Tingley .Huntington.
Bagen«'H TilUA, Georget'wn.
Selah B Treat, Seo. A. B. O,

F. M., Boaton.
James Tufts, Monson.
William Tyler, Anbumdale.

W.OrdHlned Feb. 24, 1810.)
m. S. Tyler, D.D., Prof,

Amher^t.
Daniel W. Wnldron, city mis.

aionarr, Boaton.
Aaron W'arner,D.D.. Amherst.

(Ordalned'Sept. 2d. 1823.)
James Wello, Northbridge.
Charles H. Whitney.
James M.Whlton,PH.D.,Lynn.
Daniel Wight. Natiok.
Worceater Willey, Andover,
John Wood, Aeloo.

1876.]

Statistics. -— Afassaekusetts,

137

Chiia. L. Wood worth, Agent

A. "hi. A., Boston.
Henrv D. Woodwortb, Oam-

bridge.
IsMo R. Worcester, Editor

Mitaionary Herald^ An-

bnmdale.
Bpbraim M. Wright, Sact

Hampton.
John K. M. Wright, Upton.

LiGKltTIATSS.

With date 0/ approbation,

AUton D. Allen, 1874.
Robert O. Bedford. 1874.
Henry W. Blake, 1873.
WUUam E. Boise, 1860.
Josbna Bamim. 1862.
Edward P. Orowell, Prof.,
Amherst, 1873.

Ch>o. F. TViekeBson, 1874.

Edward D. Eaton, 1874.

Joseph E. Piske, 1866.

Obaries B. Gordon. 1874.

Obarlen W. Guernsey, 1874.

John W. Hird, 1873.

Edwsrd O. Ingalln. 1878.

John A. ELaley, 1874.

Dtni(4 W. Kilbum, 1873.

Charles Manning, 1866.

Frunk J. Marsh. 1874

KIchsrd H. Mather,Prof., Am-
herst. 1873.

Robert J. Mat hews, 1874.

DnTid McG. Means, 1874.

William L. Mnniagae, Prof.,
Amherst, 1878.

Francis Parker. 1874.

Benjamin F. Parsons, 1872.

William 0. Peckham, 1874.

M. tituart Phelps, Tutor Yale
College, 1871.

Thomas Robinson, 1874.

O. J. H. Ropes, 1874.

Joseph H. Sawyer, Easthamp-

ton, 1872.
Edward P. Smith, 1872.
John E. Smith, 1873.
Charles B. Steele, 1874.
Rdwitrd G. Stone, 1878.
Rr^deri.k Terry, 1872.
Charles A. G. Thurston, 1868.
Cliarles L. Tomblen, 1878.
T. Franklin Waters, 1874.
Edward P. Wheeler, 1878.
S. H. Wheeler, 1874.
J. D. Williamson, 1874.
Robert M. Woods, 1871.

Lay Pbxacrbrs.

William J. Burtlett, Lee, 1871«
Harrison I'reseott, Newton
Centre, 1872.

SUMMARY.— Cbijkchbh: 801 with pastors; 186 with acting pastors; 80 vacant (inolnding

15 supplied by licentiates or ministers of other denominations). TrvTAX, 517. (^1n, 9.
MiMTflTEBB.— 305 pastors: 184 acting pastors; 181 others. Totai., 620. Li'-entiateti, 54.
OnuBcn Members: 26,846 males; 57,821 females. Total, 84,167, inclndlng 12,777 absent.

Gain, 1,688.
Additiohs in 1874 : 8,860 by profession ; 2,789 by letter. Total, 6,008.
RRXtTALS IN 1874: 1,301 by death; 2,296 by dismissal; 94 by exoommnnlcatioa. TOTAL',

8,780.
Baptisms in 1874: 2,137 adult; 1.111 Infant.

In Sabbath Schools: 98.461. Gain, 5,815. ATerage attendance, 6?,295.
Bbnrvolent Contbibotions (499 churches, 478 last year) : $416,815.77, an increase of

$22,705 17.

OSANGES.— Churches: ^Teir.— FaUa Village, Attleborongh; Third Ch.. Fall River;
T.eominster, North, Maplewood, in Maiden; Mt. Washington; New Boston. Rand<a*
field; Roekvtlle, in Peal>«>dy; Bnmerville, Union Square; Bomervire, West; Baldwlnville,
in Templeton. Dropped from the list. — Medford, First Ch.; North Denni*.* Pawtucket
Ch., Pracut is now in Lowell. Abington. South, is now South Ablngton. Winnisimmet
Ch., Chelsea, is now First Ch. One new ehnrch organised s'nee the close of the statistical
year, and mentioned in brackets in the table, is not included in the summary.
Ministers : Ordinations, 11 pastors, 14 without installation. Installations, 19. Dismissals,
37. Deceased, 2 pastors, 8 without charge.

ORGANIZATION. — Twenty ^cven Associations of Ministers and twenty.five Conferences of
Churches are united in the General .\B»ooiation.

Statistics. — Massachusetts.
MASSACHUSETTS.

[Jan.

.

Unntrau. ^

1

Jan. iff 87S.

Adml'd

licmmed.li)

""i

,„.„,».... 1

5

31

1

^

1

1

5

1

!li

1

i:

1
1

2

a

■'""^^'.'iib, ILIi;

AMon. m:
Adami, Nonfa, 1927

ApufJUn, FbihIUib
Hill.. 17D2
» CoDi.. laiD

Albrd, wm

AmuBbarr, Wul, IM
Ambrni.'iri, li.n
•■ K«tBt..ia, 17R2

" NoitCNoOh, lt«
- Ob.<.f8>.uih, SM

-^SSr"- !!.

" PreuUhr.. Hie

•• BalUrdvBlP, lasi

" Tboo. Scm., 1S6S

ArUogton, ISIJ

" M, IMO
A.bbr, 177S

AiUUnd, KtJJ
Albol, ITlu
AU'eboro'.W., 1.1. 1712

" B.. M, 17*^
" FallaViUagB, 1871

;; c«..trBv.iio, i»H)

Bam, Kv*. Cong'-. 18!7

Bniliel, UI, IIM

■' Nurlh, !«;.

Bedfiwd. IJM

at"'"' s

Bsnrly, N'orlb, Za, llli

"W«hli>WoSl.iri7
Blll«rlca, laJi'

Bta^dfSrft' it"

Barton, -
" Charl«il««ii, 111,1833
« Old B^ulb, im

••FarkBl., ISCrj
■ Union. IMS
«8oiilh,Ptiiltl«, mi

:££C,,..iS

■OharlwlawD, Win-
Ibiop, W»

/™kni;p!'wi.laf' ni

Lls't^llyn Pruit, 'SI

0. 8. BylTMtcr. a.p. 'ST
Kalph l-wry, •«

J<...K.B«(lo»,a.p.'*S

Non^.
lMi.y6.BDra, -u
.luiiUhanL.Janklnt.'M
Chu.ACoMnl,B.p.'ei
;>«i. W, A. B.owna

[ff.lCpiillaii.Mt.]

Oburln umlih, '«

u!^^ i. Wright, 1H
ilcnry 8. (Jjwne. ■SJ
/'n./cwanrl,

Lwnl'rj'8. 'pa"k«,"
D.p. '»

"Si?"'*-- ■"

.r-m« JllngBBll, TJ
KdwM P.I'onmy.B.p.'iJ
T.ni,.leCoil.r.' '^ W

rnhn wmiohm,B.p. iii

Bimui-IBDll, '«l'
franaU K. Uanlon, 'It
llln.lb«.D.Tl.,a.p.>36
llonioo Parkur. a.p. -51
llunry A. (Inodbug, 'ua
Mewiori I. Jcin«, <I6
V. J. lInruboniB^p.<U
KdwInBmllb, ■«

Nooo.

TBiiDnW. I^mao, "Tl

«^™^ftlrt.^,».p.;«[

Lsrayli.PlfliH.B.p.'IU

O.T.'LBopl.«r!l».D., '«
Bunxmlil. E'ltok. 'AS

lluiiry A. Hiwen, 'ib

iaronW. Field, 'li

N-ine.
I.M Manning, D-n., 'H

J<». H kIcBIU, D.D.,'4S

iF.A.WBrlleld.p.e.T
BilmM K AidDn.D.D.i'tO

Alii'rS.TwaBbly, -W

I
7

!!'

'H
■M

■ja
'11

72

93
■Ti

13
72

13
7*

fi

•U

'»

71

is'

til

loi

4J

4:

3i

!■
3'
llH

11

iii
1»

IZ

311

12a

311
43

1^
liJ

e»

li!

a

120

TS

4B
28

loi

4«
»

si
it>

Ml
141

2..b

i

a:
«:.

7B.
4IM

MJ
IS]

5

i;

34
0
97

m
ao

G

ii>

0
M

K

g

4

(1

9

7J
00

!

lot

I

]
•

:
I

■■
II

■

0

I

^>

:

n

i

M

1

K

!
M

i

13

6
(

(
!

':
11

!

1
0

2

■i

a

3

0

0

«

0
3

SI
1^
IS

I

D
\

0
0

(

3

ID
2

»

10

10

4

10

"o

>

10

B
B

S

1,

3

1»
93 1

3

U

4

0

0

0
3

2

i

0

1
n

!

IK

IIO
SB

1

til

i

IN

i

a
Ba

TO

1

u

1

n
iw

m

Ul

140
Ui

tS4

i

1876.]

StoHstus. — Massachusetts.

Plan and Name. %

NooiB. ■

]

eXl. KKHB'Bl.l
J»n.l.ia».|

mT"

ll

0«d. »AFT.g
74. 1B,4.S

1

1

ill

ii

1!

BMtOTi Highlum*,

Eliot, last

" ^F'dl^CDt•|^e«l.lSflI
" Bighhind, 18«<

-iL_»h-.,Wjiw,.8r,
8oiaiS',"'f.i; iTo;

,„;:„..""'■ is

BradTord. lit, iVa
Stalntnw, l.t, 1707
Soalli, 1*29
Blld«int'r,Oeiijq.lS3l
•I Scolland, ISM
BHnneU, lal, 173*
Broaklon; lit, 17tU
- Bo.,Carap*Uo, IM7
■■ Porter Ev„ I8W

Bir»kllDe,lltfnt^,1S41

B«klaDd, Vii,

Ban I niton, nSB

Oambridge. HI, IBM

•• Port,l.t, 1837

'■ KO.V 1S43

•• NanhAvenao.lsa?

" Fan, P.larlm, IBas

" Ob»p.--l, 181*

OmtanKv.Oont., 1938

Oillilc. 1880

Canitr, North, ITM

CharlemoDt, lit, IIM

Ba< 1«U

Charlton. Ca[.Cong.l7ll

Chuhua. tit, 173U

Obel«^ l.teh.. 'iMI

■■ Central. 1M1

ChMter, Centre, 17*ii

•• D pol,3d, 1844

ChartwlloM, liai

Oh<«ipiH>, lal. 7S3

" Fa!l«,ai, S31

3d, S34

Ohllmark, 700

atnton. SU

Omm-d/Trln., 81rl
ainw..y, ;S8
Cimnitngion.B.Vll. *»

Bbm Centre. Bfi2

Durer.. lit, «71

" Maplait.. 844

1 A.(;.Thon;p-n,D.D.,'4
B. V. Uamflton, 'ft.
Kone.

ldirB(d8IniT>K,D.D.,'4

SHaiurlE. Hsnicli^ ' >e
E. B. W«bl>, i>.n., '»i
Jooqib B. Olark, t
John O. Ueain, d.d., 'S

V . A. Uuriion, a.p. -M
Kd-ard A. lUpd, ■«.
Nona.

XlbenH'tdSb"*' '6
OnjVandaKreeke,'?

8."no b. Oammell, 'K

P. F. WIIHami a.p. ■«

A. (1. Johnaon.a.p. '811
Bora™ D. WaJkor, '4
• ucl>nnham,a.p. 'ii
WTubalw K. K.r«. 'Tl
Elbn,i«P.llaEin>r,'7
L.S.»«)dwonb, 71
It. Q. S. UaKellle, Tfl

inwtH Andarion', ' T
Alfli'n'urMcKenile.-BI

David U. Ueui. '87
Ooorgn 11. Leavlll, 'ft6
toberi B. Hall. 73
John W. Savage. a.p.'M

Wm". W. Llvlngaton, -M
neoiT O. Mw-halt 'II
Well [naUn Newell, >G8
John Ha™». -M

S^^B.'willl^mblT'
rfm^A.Fob«,..p. '»

Joih.T.Taetcr.D.D.'ST

P.H.aiortwnuil, a.p.'SB

loody A.'sieTena, '83

lonry M. Hront, p.e. 'M
dvlii Leonail, '«3

71

;«

:s

';&
;m

7

'7I

7i
'73

70
7S
74

78
*

71

73
7!

7S

11

]

11
84

s:
a

31
8

J7
t3D

3«

38
70

rs
u

13

ID

s
u

m;

M
31

m
so
39

48

as6

178

log

SB

148

8

'k
134

MB

«

148

137

8

133
8

■n

<M
[04

8S

»

sa

IB

84
97

£

i

T»

IW

«t
3«

IB

33

»

31
M

SB

w

4
13

to

70 i

8
43

i

3

1
II

mi:

8 1!

J i

1

1

t

1

*

\
\

3

1

37
16

43

II
31
0

t

8

w
1»

0

H

;

0

!1
3
0
8

K

1:

til

Jl;
1

i '

: 1
1 1

0

D

0
0

0

1:;

!'

33 J

a

4 8

is a
6 a

1 3
8 0

4 378
31:16
1110

h537

ssn

I3 38I
UHJO

0 u

DM8
UlSO

76

1 [00

loasT
uuiu

0 174

:|

0 IBl

0 '40
: »6

-vol. VIIL KO. I.

Statistics, — Miekigam.

CJan.

Pl»e and Naioe. Ef

April 1.18TS.

r;r|r:

4. '74-7B.|

i

J

1

]

1

1

iiiU

m\

Olliet, Mi

PcSlWiier, IMi
Piueknsy, \m

Ponllae, 1831
Pon Huron, IW

Poltenmer" WTi
Rstalavllle, 131»
Ran-idm, MS
Roy, »M
Be.d011y. 872
KlobcDond, 97:

Ro(b»°CT, SI
Hocktord, 84;

e-bfwT ' 871
Bhulby, H6h

emyrna, as

flolon. aw

""" 'sd,' 8fl;

SJir.? ^

Bt. Johni. Sl»
BuJot'pb, 8H

TravsraflCllr, 8«
DnloD Oily, 8a7

VUo.. isas

VertnonlrlU.. 18S(

vIclubQig, 1»M

•VU,.al. IBlf

wtE?r"lS. ll^
WayluJd, IBM
Waina, 1818

Wholla^, IMS

■Whiirtati, ima

D.N.Bordwell.DD.a.p'tS

None.
TlHJin-.TowW,8,p.'ii

Luclu. oTlm, p!' *

None.
0.1t.riboop,Bp. 'SI
a.Q.UpJylle,a.p. ^l

None.

Nona.
J. H. FurkiT, a p.
J.n.«.8.Ho>l,p. 'W
L. P. apftou.0, tp. W
W, \V.lt'>b»D.ap.
[CO. Brown, JJct«..]

None.
BfluWn ErarU, n.p. 'M

wI'iIh^^M''-'^'^ '6;

None.

Jnmct F. Taylor, a.p. 'N

Jamei W-tla, aji. ' 'S7
Rlchird RedooOTp. '01

8. 8°8lyliTr. ■ p. 14
C-C. liBkli.lu.a.p. 'M

Chart «' Barttow. a.p.'SS
f. M.Colburn.a.p. 'SI
A,8poo^ar.Pr*.Kl
■arlirB.PBrr^y,a.p.'47
>nw(n>H.Spoor,a.p.'al

Warren F. Day. a.p, "se

DP Bn^«l.ap. 'U

H.^C._^Bedford.^.

I.e. Tbomp'on, lup. '74

QBOrje'aurline. a.p.^

U. q. UaFarIan'J!a.p.'U
[R^Vdwonb, Bapt..-\

C.^^oiull.r,a.p. W

!'■

1

74

■j'

i

•74
•7B

■73
T6

ia

74

II

\

(K

ai

la

a
I

10

■a

B
3

III
11

31

3]

4

i

80
13

IIS

w

117

m
■Da

M
K

ia

192
H

8
M

ai

81
141

ga

M

V,

40

21

11

*

s
s

8

0

10
10

«

18

4

■

0

I

2
2

0
10

8
0

0 0 0

1 a .«;

0 0 0 1

83 Alls
0 0 u

0 0 0.

8 1 4 <

3 111
0 3 0 <

10 1 S (

42 4 UM
■i 6 0 fa
0 0 U 40

6 0 0 M

2 a 0 JO

3 6 OlOt

0 0 0 2»

7 2 1 80

iiia

0 3 B Ti
0 0 0 89

8 4 1 M

7 0 0 ««

:!!S

0 0 0 M

•La

0 1 n

8 0 0 so

18 0 a «

2 11 10 iw

0 X 1 ao

1 e 1 80

8 0 0 80

a 0 0 80

4 1 0 40

2 0 0 80

3 0 0 80
I 1 0 80
a 1 1 80

6 1 018a

a 1 1 71

17 3 law

7 a 0 80

8 10 9 40

t 0 D 80,
8 0 0 OO'

1 0 4 M

4 1 0 88
4 C OUO

1 a 0 80

1876.]

Statistics. — Michigan.

141

Othxs M1R11TBB8.

T. C. Abbott, Pre*. Ag. Ooll.,
LttDslng.

Amos B. Adams, iknn«r, Ben-
son Ja.

Jiunes Armstrong.

Henry A. Austin, flumer
Pleasanton.

Charles B. Bailey, Beo. 6.
Con., Bensonia.

Jas. Ballard, retired, Qrand
Baplds.

Isaac Barker, retired, Rook,
ford.

Alonxo Barnard, former, Ben-
sonta.

8. A. Barnard, Lansing,

Abraham L. Bloodgood, Mon-
roe.

Edmnnd W. Bordon« Midland.

Samvel D. Breed, Kocbestcr.

Ahrln H. Brown, in bnalness,
JaekiK>n.

TheoTthiliis B. Brown, Croton.

DsTlllo W. Cumstock, Adrian.

John Emmons, Alpine.

Joseph Kstabrook, Tpsllantl.

J. W. Fltxmanrlee, retired.

Bast Baglnaw.
Benlaroln Frnnklln, W. C,

Ohelsfta.
Henry M.HoUday, In bnslness.

Alma.
Oramel Hosford, Prof., OIlTet.
Phllo K. Hurd, D.D., Eaton

Rapids.
Deodate Jeffers, farmer, Com-

stoek.
Ira B. Jones, liOweU.
William B. Lewifi, farmer,

Pleaeanton.
Ana Mahan, D.D., Adrian.
James A. McKay, retired,

Grand Rapids.
Daniel Miller, farmer, Glen

Arbor.
Henry C.Morse, farmor,XJnIon

City.
James Kail, retired, Detroit.
Thomas Nield, Vicksbnrg.
Rufas Nutting, retired, De-
troit.
C. Parker, Coral.
Orson Parker, evangelist,

Flint.

Bos\rell Parker, f8rmer,North

Adams.
Bsmuel Phillipp, Disco.
John D. I*lerce, retirtd, Ypsl.

lanU.
J. P. Preston, Ednardsbarg.
H. A. Resd, Marshall.
B. Besitions, Bt. Johns.
Chas. Bpooner, retired. Olivet.
Chos. Tempi*-, retired, Otsego.
Oren C. Thompson, Detroit.
GeoreeM. Tuthlll, Agent Am.

Bible Soc, Kalnmasoo.
Leroy Warren, Bupt. A. H. M.

Soc, Grand Rapids.
Waters Warren, ret., Three

Oaks.
William P. Wastell, retired,

Clinton.
B. R. Wells, missionary.
Wolcott B. Williams. Sop*t.

Am. Home Mlss'y Society,

Charlotte.

LlCEHTIATES.

Three In tables above.

BUMMMARY.— Chitbcbbs: 12 with pastors; 122 with acting pastors; 66 vacant (inoloding
7 supplied bv licentiates or ministers of other denominations). Total, 200. Gain, 4.
[IHI8TBRB : 12 pastors; 97 acting puators : 40 others. Total, 158. Licentiates, 3.
nuBCH MiMBEBa: 4,729 males; 8,628 females. Total, 18,257, including 1,449 abs

absent.

M1HI8TBRB ;

CnuBCH
Loea,80.

ADDtTiovs in 1874-6 : 677 by profession : 784 by letter. Total, 1,461.

RcMOVALfi m 1874^ : 179 by denth ; 649 by dismissal ; 116 by excommunication. Total, 944.

Baptisms m 1874-5: 408 adult; 214 Infant.

In Babbath BoiiooLa: 18,107. Gain, 106.

Benevolbmt OONTBIBOTIONB (146 ohurches, 137 last year) : $24,810.98, a loss of $1,063.19.
OftbetoUls, — A. B.C. F. M., $8,682.85; Am. Home MissV Soc., $5,554.28; Am. MissV
Assoc'n. $1,476.19; Am. Cong. Union, $1,378.94; Cons. Pub. Boc, $31.95; Western Rd.
6oe., $496 67 ; other, $12,190.05. Parish purposes (165 churches, 149 last year) : $223,291.87,
an Increase of $5,594.18. Total moneys : $248,102.80, an increase of $4,530.94.

CHANGES --CnuRCiiEs: New or replaced on the list. — Cedar Springs; Imlay City: Eal>
kaeka: Manceiona; Naurlca; Olive; Pottervllle; Robertson. 2>r(7ppe<f from the list, — De
Witt ; Billiards ; Onondnira ; Battle Creek.
MlinsTBBs: Ordinations, 4 without Installation. Installations, 4. Dismissals, 1. Deceased, 1

ORGANIZATION. — Ten Conferences of churches. The churches are also united in a Gen-
eral AssooiATiOE. East Gilead is connected with the General Associatioh of
Indiana.

Statistics. — Minnescta.

MINNESOTA.

[Jan.

OBtmcan.

FlMtwdyuag.

Knrunu .j

1

Sopl.l,ia7S. |l874-I6.|

rr-;|

i

1

1 lilii

lillii!

Aftm, 18.^8

tr„d^ !^s

AudSb;.n l"'
Amll", " 18S;

iSj- i

gmlnerd, ISi;

Ohiiln LMko Oentro, IS8S
Cut lags Orovs, Its'

lil"""" 1
iS;i, ii

KMb.ulE, ItM

OlMcoc, 1897
OLnwood, IKflT
OnnlU FnllJ, 1872
Onnvllls, 1849

S; ii

lllTtlMd, 1874

Idke Oi'y, ISM
^n.]ii(, 183

onlorrfne, 186S

^"hllul'd, 187(.
latoppa, 1840
li-llTucd, 1830

^ " ^^PilgriD., )a:a

UonUoellu, ' ISifl
Uorrle. 1874
Unaotnln LUa, 1874
Norlhlloia, 15W
0,.„„n^ .83,

PnyDflvlUe, 1388

W. wftfo'^ilon, '*

6. b;?'wf Ight, p. '76

D, W. koeenkraoi. 16
P. Perogrlna, '8

t.FTobey, -73
0. A. naddock, t

?;Mklni"n,'' ' '7i

r. o. n. 8i«r>,., '4

3. n. Kellogg, '67
B.JH»r,,p.

F. MtCrokoTi, p. '71

aO.'SiilUjr, p.' 'B.

H.wiiurd, -as

None.
O.B. Sheldon. '61
E.N Kkymond, 'Ki

«:;„?'■"■"-'

F. L^Fuller, '43
J. L. Fond^ '73
Wilbur FLik.UcfH.,]

J.'wiHiiy.'p. ■«

■%"< ■"

Juaii.M.MItcliMI,
L,.'W,'0hnB,y,p. ' 'a

tS-Hv'- ■'■

^. H. D.rtenu, 'SI

J.N.iMw-ll. 13
IC. M. Willlnil., '83
i. A. Btlmeon, p. HO

I.L. Fonrln, '73
ieoive JobnMn, 13
J-L L"on«rd.p. «3

L.'Kdb.'ip''.""''' '41

O. wlir«M, '38

|T(

■,',
1

•B'

■73
'74

'13
18

TO
74

1

71
If

3(
l:

:
I*

>i

I

18
10

1!
108

u

11

31

n

1!

4;

so
1SS

n
a

14

4
3
M

67
10

31

»
139

73

13 0 0 0 0
13 3 3 0 1
M 1 S 1 B

119 1114 9 33

83 0 18 17 33

13 1 0 3 3
40 8 113
33 0 0 3 2
04 S 28 13 iO

81 B D D 0
83 aO 9 0 9

14 11 11 0 11

14 10 U 4 4
18 10 0 0

38 3 3 0 2

15 le 4 3l 8
»!' 0 B 0 0

,?! .....

91 0 0
133 49 I 3 3
31 4 3 0 3

33 6 0 3 3

39 B 0 0 0 0

' 0 1 I 3 D
11 31 3 a B 1
33 3 0 0 0 0

10 0 0 0 0 1
47 3 18 13 81 1

30 ;t 4 0 4 U

31 10 3 3 1
98 10 B 1 7 4

437 34 33|3t 57 7
3S B B 8 13 (

31' 4 0 0 0 I

iUli'l

117 1» I I bI 1

; ?) ; ! ! s

0 0 13 8 C

1 1 3 7 4IM

0 0 0 ) 1 a

3 0 8 0 0 se
3 0 8 0 4 n

0 u 0 0 0 40
0 0 D 10 1 LO*

3 0 4 T 8 M
0 1 0 30
9 D 9 3 S
0 0 0 0 0 41

0 0 0 0 1 M

r'*"""

oi 0 ID 1 100

13 013 1 1 MO

3 0 3 3 0 41)

3 0 4 4 0-3
3| Oi J 0 0 10

"i;;:"

4 0 3 3 1 133
3 0 3 0 0 »

3 0 3 13 1 100
0 0 1 0 0 »

8^ n ; s IS

33 03B 3 0 130

34 0 31 10 7 730
U 0 0 3 0 130
0 0 0 0 1

0 0 0 0 0 80

0 0 116
13 1 14 9 t 141

4 D 3 3 9 ISO
0 0 0 4 0 10

i8;6.]

Statistics, — Minnesota.

— ■ 1

...0. 1

1

i

1

Sept.l,lB7fi.

Admi'd

ll™ov*d

;

.5

1

1

i

1

1

^

1

i

L

1

1

j

3

Pnilrievdlle, Eiti, 1881
PiovidincB, 1M4

Slsi ii

Biuhfor" ' IBei
Sank Centre, 1S6T

f:^^'^ix Ills
!.'■?:„",'• lis

StnDnic.' ISAJ
TTjKUer., 1B7(

Walnnt etiUOD, 1^74
?Kj5?ioACo.y,j|

A. R. Hllahcll, -Gfi
W.W. BiieU, 'K

fill, "

O. P. cEiimp'lIn, TO
[D. D. Jon«. Ctoo..,!
aW-McMlll, 78
A.J. Tlnik', '«
[0.<..H.H«Hon, />«»..■
0. M. Torry, p. ■71

T. crKlno., p.
^.'S-'Ban^H. p. 'Jl

■TS

■Sfi
1!

' 6

■7a

•IS

11
i

8:
9

SB

ti

31

21
IH

1

J

13.-

1

a.

1!

21

n

3
0

s

0

1

0
2

0

. !

1
t

70
MS

Om* ItDntmu.

Bcbooli, E
J<,hn Cadwl

y <?obt.,''s"^A: H.

Rlehud Hall, Bt. Paul.

N. A. BDnl, <<isrlinB.

Qto. If. UngdoD, aiDoeapc

Ephralm Lyman, Ulonaapo

Nalbanlcl II. Fieri

with paaton: S3 nlib acting

unariea oneaa, wm«a.

Q enrn^Bu Idlng.KorthflBld.

Tamra Vf. t:1rou)i, D.n.. Prea,

Carl, ton Coll., Northfleld.
John C. eirong. Chalo Laka

BoyiTl TwftoheU, Now Ua-

ADatin Wllley, NorthfleM.

LlCEHTIATEB.

Thrrg abova.

r-: 23 II

UisiBTca*: Spasiora

TOTA

It (Including T

ADDinoxa ni 18T*-e: *07 by profeailon ; 170 by la
BCKOTALBinlBT^-fi: tS by death; «M by dlamlin
BAPTia]iBii>lST4-0: lOIoaBlt; 117 intsnL
In SABBATit BcROOLS : 7,17(. »aln, i ,0M.
Bike v-di. CUT CiwTBiBiniOM (01 chnrohea, fi7 lart
Of the tulal, — A.B.G.F.U.. tl.SSS.M: Am. B
Conl. Un.. «e47.1B; Am. Mlulonary AaioclBt!
Collecr and Edu. Boc'y. «177.88; othvr objecu, «

OBAVaES. — Church t

; Jfra, or replaced on the
k River; Hawley: Mat^hfl.
ncy. ffroppe4 from the 1

Conit. PuV. Soc'j', »'87.M:
Brcb Eipchati (76 chuiobea

Dl<D In the Qa-

Slalii lies. — Mississippi ; Missouri.
MISSISSIPPI.

[Jan.

OmiBcnn. "2

N.mo. ■£

■

^-;;:

r:r

ISI^IS.

tIt

:|

ill

1

i

1

5

i

1
1

1

J

i

j

^
i

Dolumbu^ IBISi Noi.e.

UiQiiltaii, IB;u!J. P. OnllaMjr, Tl

»«w Bnhnmnh, ISTO tSnn-.

70
14

ili

i,;

2t

¥.

s

■!

;

!

1

!D

to
so

100

»|7S

I3i »t

2a

16

1

11

11

21

980

le tepotiei.
BDUUAUY. -

Odnt^^sdtioiib: Hu npcrL

OaASaSS. — OoiISCHE8;.Vcui, — Himl

OBOUdZATION. — Id Ibe OnrraAL f

■n uiliLcd by the Amarl«*o Ululon

bith School!, K.

itICIdE«. Dropptdtromlhali

MISSOURI.

8Tl-i. 1 '74-16. ) ■74-74

AiDlty,

Ir»lii T. Hull,

74

1| Ijia

w

Nonn.

0| 10

It

3

8 18

B^, ir!uh.

Sonv."" '

4!

M

8 S 11 2

1 8

s w

w;

W._FI. mski,

7&

IS

8 M

BIIUd^,

28

SO

Bnwkfl^ld,

Ch«1...0 HsiTHb.p

-70

4:

I3fl

7HC.

C-hokn.

,1. Bctinell.

3l ll 4 11

4 3

8

OiilfuniU,

•as

3, 1, a 2

0«iDirron,

None.

1 1

Canhatr,

K. F. FjI»,

■74

18

u

14

8

70

ChiUloathE<,

SODH.

Dam, Welih,

Thomu W. Daclci,

tl

8 8

M

Dublin.

a>rvr.'jO.Uurch,

■

*

Fmlrnnmnt,

5ffi„r'

Icf

r™fi."T Hnll

1,

„

14

B

18 8

TS

Olcni.o«l,

bii

N=p«; '

MTI

John Q. Dalle;,

W

13

S

11

4i

»

IDO

MT

4

1' 1 1 :

4

W)

C. K. Mann,

1 S

40

H.pnll..l.

Wm. H. Savage,

101

30i

8;

4, 4 9 2 ;

10

3«a

Bei>i.ltu,

0 2 S'

1 »

Iborli,

8TI

73

K

Joplln,

973

None.

1 1

.i..MCiir.

J«niMU.Roben.,p

'58

'M

100

IM

TO

1 T 11 a' 9

2 18 1

9180

SW

None.

L'e-

■»T

■12

n

1 o' J 0 0

Itl..h"rd R."Dirt*i.

^B

76

8t

,■ (iiangf, ao-m.,

MU

■as

t

17

61

;»

ma

'a^yofSai^ib.

■sa

■73

8

70

x.bm«n.

No™;

U

Mnne.

M

4B

10

BTlbAcld,

ndvlllc,

Ii wl Carllon,

'BS

woo

40

miphl..

Artbar U. Tht.™.,

78

PranHln Q. Mherrll

'SO

W

JobFi T. Qiiaoo,

B 1 1

80

«i<ha,

oiwr'mM.Jorea.

4£

6 :

»««C.ii.t,M.,H'fJ.

IB

.-ur(h Furk,

«a

H.rrey ». Murch,

.

ionh d pun E avid,

88»

Joaepb C. Plamb,

<e«

80 a

330

ink,

9W

Mom.

i87ft]

Statistics, — Missouri.

-

en. )IE>.'RR

AdmlMl RcmoTod

BAPT J

Plue ud Kuoe. &

Oft. 1.1876.

'I?:!!-!

HranTEBB. ^

Kame. -P

I
1

4

i

1

1

1

£

1

iL

B -

1

i

o

o

£

?

&-=.=

a

Wmynw 0*™in.M ISJS J.y. Ornf. !'TS
PmulJInevlHi;, IflTI Joseph B. Roiinco. '62,72

|34

28 U

1(

24 0

1;

M

P.™ City. isn. None.
PluMRt Ain. 18«7l N'ane.

24I 31

Flniml Mounl. IfnriAlftod H.UIiilldlne, M W

1

7 16

8<'d>Ui, IBWJ.M. VnnWBgner, 49 '72

(1

S7 10S

u

in 3

40

a<Dr», isni, None.

«. CnWlm, IS« RlrbsM R. Drnrie*. TS T6

uL

,1

3

6

30

St-Joarpb, H8T P. L, KeoyQD, 'M 'To

1!

win

20

jo i

Bi.L(iul>,IitTtln.,IB53T. U. Fuit. d.d., p. <H 'SI

Itft'M

ae

0

loi;

l«

- Pll^m. I9MO. L. Goodell, l>.li.,p.'M'I3

20

" Plym-iulh, ISaoJohnK.Wliiwlor.p. ITS

u

■■ WiJ6B•m^T.~ 1 "

I„.hj>tHdmt, Mel Uonf.

8i

s

IM

Sl6k« Mound, ««»l,r«10>rlton, MiTS

B 14

1 1

2

30

e»r«imi. M7I Nono.
TurkefCnwk, BIO, Kano.

UoioB%«..«. 885 None.

in 34

UU«. lSwrini.LO.rllm. TO -flS

27 61

0 I

40

V^llry, IFWiA, IMI Owrge M. Jond, "03 "76

20' 'JU

40

Welatcr (IroTu, l«»l None. i

^g »o

0

0

70

WflUvlllo, 1M7W.H Utcfc., 'M'TS

18 K.

2

Un

W«iH»rttord. lB«fl Kot,e.

WitQIue, IJ(73Henr)-n. Dodd, W'Ta

g

,!,!

3

, ^

.

Wlnd»r, IBB Jotin li. Bnlley. p. ■64 '72

Mm 34UI illOl 1'

e 4' 31

OrnCB HmBTERi.

J.H.Harwood.NorlbBprini- Edwin B. Turner, Snpt. of

field. '

Uiuknu, Bsonlbal.

oXspiingflV '

i-srJT-&iS;„„,

LlCEKTlATBl.

Bdwird A. B«.n«, Prof.

Pffi. Dmrj Coli., Bprlng-

Coll., Sprlogflald.

Jomvi p. Field, Kidder.

KdilnD.SewuvJ, Luclede.

emniART — Onii«CBM:ew1thp»iiort; 3T with Milnipnrtor.; OT laianl (Indodrnjnoa*

Cnncu UEHBtMi 1.3&aia.lH; S.DST faaile,; 224 oot ipeeifled. TotAL, S.eAT, iDolDdlng
niBbHDt. 0>Jb,2SI.

StaoTALS ■■ 1ST4-6:

»br

denlli; UTbrdltmlK

ml

IBby

a

0

rUcnUo

; (D

peel-

fled. Total, H

BAmsMi in 1B74-A: 123 .dolt; lOSlDbnl.
In eABBATH BcaoOLB: 4,837. l™., 1.9*4.
BiNKTOLEKT CoKTBiBUiioirs (40 sbiucbsi, W lut yfu) ; flT.tSO.OT, *n Inoreu* of (1,.

100 J7,
Paiuh SxTsnm [40 cbarcbea, 48 liwt rsu] : (48.420.43. sn locmiM of 111,340.40.
OHANQXS. — Ohurcru; JVm, — Fnlmvr*. Dropped Itoia tb* Iln, — Ifsoaho Clt* (DDlMd
•Itb NeoiboJ; St. Looti, Suntb Million.

unlM Id Uh

148

Statistics. — Netu Hampshire.
NEW HAMPSHIRE.

[Jan.

1
1

CTI. MEHB'IU A

dmWR
71-T6.

tmoved

874-78.

1

"

'1

:

1

1

!i

ill

Il

1

1

1

J

a

Aewonh. 1773
AliUgd Caolra, 1(1,1777
■• K>«,ld, IT88
••3d, 1843
Alton, 183T
Amlimt, 17*1
AndoTKr, 1S41
AtklnioD, 1773
ADburn, lUl

^™"*''p«d». C
Barrlnp™, ^ IJm
Bllb. 1844

B?.«w1".' 11*

Brooktlne, 1T»S
Cuni^D, 180.
Cantcrimty ITIli
Crnlre Uorbar, IBSt
l^hmtlttloiTD, I»M
Ubilbwn, ISSl

Ssf' Siii
sH:. is

■* W«t, 1833
•■ Soulb, 1831

sa'"' 1

Ballon",'" wif

SX'S, s

S!£»-- i

Dover, la 1,' loss

Dublin. Trin.rting.mT
DuDbnnan, ]7e»

Bta^^mu., iIm

I'mnklln, 1333

;; IionWork., 1B3U

Olbum, 1173

Jnme.Miir.bBll, 71
0. B. Itldurdion.a.p.'ir

Qoo.y.ChBplB.i.p. W
Leandrr B.Cdsb, ■.□. '83
J a. DsTil, D D-, p. '4*
U™trt Moody, n-p.-W

[C.KHonetloii,X(c,J
Sb?"wiri;Sf'. 7^

j^T'i^"" '''' li

Wmla'jBckwn, (.p.-M

«o^^^r"Ek'eVp. W
BeoigO E. LoTi JOT.p .73
Jamulh.ldt,m.p. -43

o"i!JSw.*rrBii,''p.'T*

LBtl kod((Cr., p'. " 11
L, W.Ha.Tl.,».p. '«3

si'^jf.iSr-"''**

J. T.Jieli.00, p. 71

[A'.'K.''kflll,/,fa™.,l
U.irgi: fimlU), ..p. "M

Oco?"B.'Sp>ldlnf, p. -81
Wm. E.Spunr.p. 73

r. Hruieun., ilp. 'M

Swift BVlnnon, p. "M
0»irgel{.gtrwl,p. ■»!

P.iilH.l-likln, ' W)
M.B. Dl.b«,p. 74

John Colby, >.p. '64

JwcphKlBkcp. >41
a<!or(E Kodgcn, p. '76

7.

•61
'78

'N

■81
71

I|
7*

15
M
I

• b
IS

ft
t.

18

9

3B

>■

31

»

7B
t

*a

48

a
10

33
31

81

1-

1

a:

8C

1

iul
IB

31
31

33:
«1

331
80

sw

43!
71

la

*i

4

a

3
23

»

ran

T
T

]'

33
U

23
88

8 1

V r

B 1

11
t.

Jfl 0

3' 3

0 0 1

1!;

7J16 1

1

1

2 B 4

T'aa i

1 1 3

0 3 3

oj 1 1

a

3 1
3 0

3 (

1

3 0

4 a

1 0
0 0

3 o

0 0

3 (

1 0

i

■

1

3

3

a

1

0

8
0

a

1

0

0

M

80

,3

41

130

n

m

'1

Hi

40

m

IM
3M

M
N

va

M
U

no
an

IS
80

88
«0

13D
i»
381

0
Bl

M

»

H
00

1676.]

Statistics. — Jffw Han^shire.

- —

—

CH. lieSD'Bl.

Adnil'd

Bcmo«.d BATT.i

OHtaeoia.
Plaee lod NmoiK.

»^.. 1

■

m^.

1B74-7S. ■74-tS.|

,

1

J

1

!

I

i

i

Ik

j

li-l

1

a

OofftlOWB,

3 L. Ooroqld. p. W

.

r.3

lit

W7

2J

48

iu

3»

«

^S

0

311

SMlmm.

iilli

3.F.TB«lc.burr.tp.1S

»

0

M

ii.hen,

1

J.' H.' piinridge,''*^'. '53

r.

12U

1

<

TUB
847

K.1v..rdRoW«.p. ■«
O. y. M.rri«n, p. ;W

S2

a

V

^

10
M

0

i

"

J

I

'«

B. W^bSiiVkP p. -M

a

;

7«

li

77

11

;

lUptOD,

»»

Son..

13

1

.2

n.f.ck.

16

I

IM

BuDicrJtiri.CoU..

s.'p^£'*dirs!^,''p. 'w

i;

13!

M

K

3IS

CeniH,

Sis;=a,-j';.s

TS

■■

«a

nrrisTillB,

S40

H.rhlU.

J. Q. BlltlnKcr.p. W
J. fi Cook. a.p. -W

4U

lU

.bran.

Q«.H. Miniap. •«

'IS

Ill)

III.

Nohb.

llUboro' RHdc,

Noun.

47

ISO

Biiudila,

C. 0. W-uon, p. W

^'i";B»

;«

HtnunL. KiUcr, p. •»

IS

'j

la

J03

"s

;

;

;

100

npJl"Wo.

mI

CUr'nd'oA.Blone.p.TB
Soiie.

T4

*;

'a

ISI
18

*j

i

"o

itllt°Y,'

i«

■' ' K«^

Win! b'. Dowden.a.p.>a3

13

loa

K«oc. I.I.

JOI

art

■' M,

J.^ph A. L.Mh.'p'! M

■98

aa

K-D*ln«1«<i,

Fred . D .Chiuii««r,a.p. W

•76

l:

Klng.l'n.

•7^

I

M

!«.* ,lit

834

wTF/alSJ!""??' W

ll»

4«

IS

200

*«.l'.Ohip'lB.''ip.' 'fli

»

M

Ubanon.

NonB.

bv

■' W«l.

ULI

A. B. lUch, D.D., p. '4t

Si

L».

J.W.L-i.p. TU

41

Mi

LIHIrloil,

IBl

J. LsBowiuet.i.p. >M
C.lt! "wUllken. p. tO

'71

33

«

i:

•

■

J

u

1103

■90

4a

160

LonflDn"

Darid H.illbbiird.a.p.W

M

U. P. BpiUr.a.p. '74

K

1

ta

Ljrmliboruujh,

Til

None

9.1

«

H

Uu.ehB.ur, 1.1.

jCrr«.W.W.Ua«,p.«.

•13

14}

iu

493

w

ai

u

SI

a

78

8«

31

5ST

" (^gkUo St.,

1»s

l^hJ^WTrrinr^'.''' ■«

so

a

3a

) 11.11 1 Or.odmin, p. ■»
R. P. Wetli, B.p. '4<1

■14

SO

»

8a

M

a

3

100

Il=re.liih Vllbge,

a.LB,.rd,p,' -M

■:;

m

HoridBD,

CI,H.M.PBlm.r,p. -M

190

C. L. Bubbvd.p. W

as

'" ■• ' Ooaih,

None.

1

Ilillbid.

Obo. PlB««,Jr-.p. -M

»'>

MIllOT.,

81S

rjohnM. U.woll.ifcJ
(icn.IIIct><i.d, a-p. 1^4

a

1

Hilton Ullta,

S

1

40

lloprcH-.

J. Lincoln Utah, a.p,-H7

•Ji

0

■a

Horn vi™™.

S-H.KeBler,D.D,.a.p.-2»

40

3

6

1

0

HMhQ>, 1>1.

MS

Frederick AItoM, p. •%»

■09

171

M

i>

1

tt.

nt

" OIIibBI..

aaorcrdfi. ifartf'.p.'U

98

18

■■ P«rl at..

<4«

Cbaa. W'Mhertiy. p. 'BB

21U

10

asT

Relioi.

a«k Onuid, *.p. >m

41

0

0

»

Keo OuUe,

74

1

i

((»t nil inn,

Tie

»y."kllr.'D«1S|fcp.''4I

1

0

m

Kb- tfirket,'

T(lt

B.N. a^ymnulh.a-p.'M
I.MoO.WIille.a.p. 'W

■SS

31

'*;

m

3.!

t

1

a

s

0
0

„'

lU

S"E"u;™pton,

E. K. P. Abholt. 118

60

r.

1

u

uo

l;S.Si";Vf ■„. 3!

1

0

an

na

•«

17

47

14

a.

0

»

i

*

i

D

0

1

so

Statisties. — New Hamfskire.

[Jan.

i
1

-■r-^s

Bemov

«1

%ji

•a

1

i
1

1

i

1

ll

1

1

i

1

i

Orfurd. Went, iiti
0-lp*«, Ouol«, laoa
Pelham, TBI
Pmbnik-, 173!
FHprboToogb, 1S6§
PtennoBl, ISOS
HltoHeW, 17W

ESif IS

PIyo.ouihj^ 1764
Bayinund, ITVl

anli.hirj, 17T1
BKDbomton, ini

^"^"'"'"'■Nor.h. 3^
BeabrooktcH.PaJli.IKi

si;:r;.v ■■'•

OmtFalli, 1821
Boolb New Market, im
Mautb Siabrook, 18aJ
SUHldatd, 767
Btraibiuo, TIB
Sullivan, 701
Sorry, t«

Tiltoi!^ Norlhflekl, BZ

TnfUiVliofoiigfa, Ml
Wnkeflsld, 7M

w.ipoir. re

Wa.h'ngton, ISt
W.b.ler, SM
W^ntwonli, 830

W. etewarulowD, 84(1

SIS' s

WlnobraWr. 736
WDlFtlHTDDBh, 18.34

•■ N«rth, law

None.
AlBf. C. Cblld., a.p. 'M

%».?"'""■ ••'■■"

Auaniiiue Berry, p. Ill
Rdo'd P. Blone, *. p.'BI
Qeoige DneOii, p. 'im
V. L. U«de.., p. -Bl
8.B.N.0tMUy,«.p,-W

None.

None.
QeutB^ H. ScoU, p. 13
W.datloeUalljn.p.Ill

FrS;kd.ciirk!p?''m

Abrnm J.Qulck.a.p.'W

J.'K."Aldrlch, a.p. W
Samuel Bowker, a.p. '44

O.^L.Tappan,..p:'''e4

Kom!

8. W. Wchb, p. 10
-ToKph Banli'it, a.p. '47

H. H. Colburn, a.pf t»
A. B. llabodj. p. ■»

Samuel S.Drake.a.p.'M

E.^"o'«rpedlDr,a.p. '43
J. O.Wllun.a.p, '61
B.D. Clark, a.p. '40

F. T, Porklni.a-p. '43
Le^^^Brtgban.'.p.'^ -37

Geo. O.' Jenneii.a.p. |6;

M.AlQilet. p.'"" ' '61

a.H.Colburn,a.p. '«u
Kdward Builou, p. 'M
George J. Pierce, a.p.l!

w"e.Bpgh«,""'''ii

Rottrt'Bliri'i;!?! 1)
[Che. B. Ham.d,li,;,*o.]

■76

■81
■61

'ri

i;

■61

16
•70

|I6

H

■7;

•91

a
ft

I

«i
iw

K

41

■m.
11,

31

a

!■
31

6:

li

a

i

117
W

as

1

34; 1

T

5j

so 1
0 1

40 a

0 7

f\

i

\
I

60
!

•

■ 1
' 1

1
>

!

a

I

s
;

0

iSS
31

00
178

133
16

ii

B*

30»
168
1(10
30

PaWBTTtaUR CBCBCBIBi

m

WIIIIaRiCHart.Zic'

Wludhac, 1T«

Charlea Packard, '41

i. I (

IH

1876.]

Statistics, — New Hampshire,

151

Otheb Miwuters.

Jmbm Aiken, Haverhni.

LewU A. AattiDfPrin. Acad.,
ICerMlea.

ThoiDA* Baldwin, Ptymouth.

Nathaniel Barker, Wakefield.

Almon Benson, Oen. Harbor.

Aaahel Blgelow, Hancock.

Jeremiah Blake, 11 D., Gil*
manton Iron Works.

Kathanlel Booton, d.d., Pro-
▼Indal Historian of New
HampsMf e, Ck>ncord.

John Bragdon, Hllleboro*
Bridge.

John CHark, Plymonth.

Wm. Olark, d.d., See. N. H.
Iflsalonary Boe , Amherst.

Llha Oonant, Orford. (Or-
dained May S9. 18S3.)

David Omnell, Plymouth.

Oorhan Cnrtloe, Tilton.

WHUam B. DlcUnion, Wal-
pole.

Thoroaa W. Dnacan, Nelson.

Sraamns I>. Bldridge, Ken-
sington.

Albert W. Flake. Fluherrtlle.

William ICOay , Seed's Ferry.

€^rge Ooodyear, Temple.
Bdward H. Orevley, See. N.H.

Missionary 80c., Concord.
James B. Hadley, Oaropton.
JfffriM Hall, Ohesterfleld.
Morris Holman, Antrim.
Kdwin Jennison, Winchester.
Wm. R. Jowett, Flsberrille.
Henry A. Kendall, Concord.
Horatio O. Ladd, teacher,

Plymoa*h.
Giles Leach, Meredith Village.
Samnel Lee, New Ipswich.
Abel Manning, Gofhtown.

(Ordnined Not. 9, 1820.)
Jonathan McGee, Nasnua.

(Ordained Jane 13, 1819.)
Daniel J. Noyes, d.d., Prof.

Dartmouth Col., Hanover.
Israel T. Otis, Exeter.
Jepse Pitgeu Atkinson.
Henry B. Parker, D.D., Prof.

Dnrtmonth Col., Hanover.
Daniel Putslfer. Danbury.
Wm. H. Rand, city miss'y,

Manchester.
Thomas B. Roberts, Keene.
Heman Rood, D.D., Hanover.
William T. Bavsge, D.D.,

Franklin.

Daniel Sawyer, Hopklnton.
Edwin Beabnry, Walpole.
Amos F. Shattuck, HoUts.
Asa D. Smith, d.d., ix.d*,

Pres. Dart. CoL, Hanover.
F. P. Smith, No. Wolfeboro'.
John C. Smith, Winchester.
Geo. W.Thompson, Strathsm.
Isaac Willey. Sec. N. H. Bible

Soc, Pembroke.
Horace Wood, Gilsum.

LlCENTIATBS.

F. H. Bartlett, Bristol.

A. B. Palmer, South Weare.

John C. Proctor, Prof. Dart-

month Col., Hanover, 1869.
L. F. Rand, Keene.
Edwin D. Sanborn, I.L.D.,

Prof. Col., Hanover, 1880.

Lat Pskaohxs*

One above and

Ohas. E. Houghton, Marlboro*.

SUMMARY.— OnuRCHXs: 71 with pastors; 71 with acting pastors; 46 meant (including 7
•applied by licentiates or ministers of other denominations). Total, 187. Loss, 1.

MlHiSTBRB : 78 pastors ; 68 acting pastors ; 49 others. Total, 190. 13 licentiates.

Obobgh Members* 5,996 males; 13,207 females ; 18 not speeifled. Total, 19,221, including
8,441 absent. Gain, 865.

ADDiTiova IN 1874-6 : 1,180 bv profession ; 477 by letter. Total, 1,616.

'BsMOVAUi ni 1874-5 : 309 by death ; 436 by dismissal ; 12 by excommunication. Total. 847.

Baptisms n 1874-6 : 716 adult ; 146 infant.

Tn Sabbath Schools : 22,461. Gain, 13.

Bkhktolent Contributions (161 churches, 160 last y«ar) : $30,286.26, adeerease of $984.93,
Thirty churches are officially stated to have made no contributions.

CHANGES. — Churchf s : A>w, — Monroe. Dropped from the list, — Franoonia ; Westmore-
land nnd Westmoreland Evan., now appear as Westmoreland.
Ministers : Ordinations, 8 pastors, 2 withont installation. Installations, 6. Dismissals, 6.
Deceased, 1 pastor, 1 acting pastor, 8 without charge.

ORGANIZATION. — Thirteen nMoelatlons of ministers, and eight County Conferences of
chnrehea united in the General Association, which also includes six Presbyterian
churches not in our summary. Two churches report also to Maine.

Statistia. — New ycrsty.

[Jan.

NEW JEBSET.

CBtMOBU. i

PI«e ud NiDie. 1

Nuhb. j

1
1

CB. MEMO'BH

8epi.a),ia7S

Atol

Kemovsd

74-71. o

i

1

1

j

1

i;

1

J

1

i

1

3

a

•-CheiMr. \-n
-Bli»b«h, IBM
VnDkllniiUe. laaT
JWMj^CIly.Ut, ISSJ

-I0d1, IS*
irflQDt Clair. 1»70
Stmirk. 1.1, MSI

" Belleville Av.,18«S
ITewfleld, \m
Nonb VlnrlnDd. IMT

— " EAl,aroT<Bt.,l««S

^ta"'r^"d, i«i

— WoodbridOT. 1"T<

Uerit S. Plu(, i.p. '31

Cvrni PlckeU, a.p. tl

A mo ry B . Brodftird .p-TO
Wn. H. Brnwn, p. '43
(l«>.U.BojDU»i,p. ■«
M«lt8. Plalt.B.p. W
Ucril S. Plui, a.p. -aT
a.B. Bkdd. d.d:,p.-«i
IJmn.M.WJmU.p.Tl

N. K. B™il'b°'BJ>., p. '*i

J. B?8h«p, ..p. ■ ■«
GwirgB Boirrm, p. 'TS
B. LtcHlllycT, p. «»

i

•1
TS

71
•70

r

T-
171

1

40

s

*S

M

HO

HI
•3

IS"

1

:

i

1 4 S

{in

ISM 1

3 «
14 SS S

1 e ;

f:i

J 1

4

4

70

IZK

130
0 so

Oma If imn

L BnlUrBeld, d.d.. B<
U.uidICd.Hde.,l(<>niCU
mSddf, JoTHTCIty.
^IC.OnDt.Btarliog.

I ThDOU* HcTWud. PBtennn. I Uleliuil S. Sliiaby. ■>■■>•■ Bh.
Edward O. Uil«, lloDt GUIr. Am. Ula^ A>kic>ii, (H

. JaniHB.PMnoii.lIont Clair. R«ide blreet. Haw Tori),
. Dadli'lB.R'idinan.UontClalr. Newark.

' ■ ■ ~ ' arfb, Soboo- Almon Undsrwood, Srasgak

111, IrTtoglon,

MIKIBTUH

ObubCIIIIUbir' : i,i>uiDai»;i.rHiemi
Adtiitioiib in 18T4-1 : 148 bf prormlon ; i
BuoVAU HI 1*74-6 ; 83 by dsaUi ; 118 by i
BAPTiBHBII<ie74-«: »1 adiilll US iDtut.
ID Babbath BnnoouiS.eae. Bain. 123.

B^ITOLEirr OONTBI

ofoiardenomlnaSona). Tor a i, 22. Qaln, 2.
■m; e oftera. ToTAL.ai, Llcentinl«, Bone r»poi»d.
.femalca. Total, S.TeMneludliiEUtabHnt. QalD.nB.
Ion: lS4hvleUer. Total, 391.

Da by ueodUBnnloatlaiu TOIAb, IB.

Of U)

HoaE Sii-i.i'i>»D !•• <;uu

paid on debt! and prop

ORANaEB. — C'lnHCnm ;

Mfkistehb: Ordlnatlou

OBOAMIZ VTION. — Tba

■ET, vblcb InirlDdei a:

dalpbla, •Lc.) BulUmori

WB anendaniif , ifiii.
leL S) lul yMir); tl7,«W, a

%{jK6^0Tii][a^UMoaii %i^1\ Home Mkaal^', •a.sitfoliier'D^eeSI

iBi, SI lait year) : VitfiU, a deoreaaa of •l.SH.

I, rii.Bi«-

», — Park Kldge : Woodbrldni. Sroepaif , ~ nc

joa, Inatallatlon, UDB. Climluali, B.

I. Ulaalonan
Uier DbJeelB,

>rihe total,-.

i«76.]

Statistics. — Nevt York.
NEW TORK.

1

ca. BIMB'W. 1 Admitled

lt™.gyr

M

Aog. 31. mn. 1B74-7*.

Pbc* uu) TStme. &

tIniBTnii. .A

Nuna. -o

§

i

j

t

III

^1

1

1

3

o

ol

1 £

j-_-

6^

iL

?Jo

t^l

0 3

2

J

AlbBdJ, ISM

110 118

33e

3

u

AUeghmir B.

Ufi.. 1»M

WllUmi Hull, •.p. '84 It

Axiobi, ass

Ouu. W.Drmko, a.p. 74

30 39

^

1H>

J.H.CrBm,«.p. '^•«74

48 104

&

IB

3W

A^?*' »3

Obulue Slrang, k.p. ■iS 71

16 3

i

0

0

6 0

tt

Aibvllle. IMO

.tUoHD Bi»by, •.p. 'M 73

3

103

An'terllu, B7i

J.lI.OoodeU,..p. 7*74

to

BiH'C BdIIow, 791

0

D

114

Bani^r, BM

r>. B^Brnaford. n.p. "SS 73

M 03

83

2

2

; (

T*

BcTiTilnaton,

F.ll.KjW,,».p. ^ ■33 '53

SUphcnilaa'.a.p. '43 71

17 3

1

13

0

80

Bcikibte, 1U3

n™''

3

0

IW.J^B*l(ard,"l.(cM-j 7.
LW. Church, ..p. 'i473

B 7 14

BiKk Crwk, 18-Ja

0

: " J

HndgT»»r. 17»H

23 4

Brt-lol. 1S»

Wm. Dowey.Lp. '43 74

*

"

•

'

"

a 0 0

M

PJIvHnit, 1U4

R. B. Blam.D^..ii '4£'4«

"PlraooUi, IMin.W.lJr«W.p.- ■a»|'47
" ataton A». m7 W.l.Budpop,D'l>.j.'*) '65

43U

76

134

0 37 33

M»

!13 42

3

31

4t

2 133

'■ BHrOrd, IHS C. BimlLri, i.ii. 1W "74

38 B

. 3 1

3ua

-BoDth, IHI'A. J.LTmin.n-p. 1u >74

02

478

•■ Wh™ Bi. 18*4 fj. H. 0.11m. /•«...] 74
•• Oanlril. ISW tl.M BcodJer. DD.,p.'« Tl

o|

283 61

M'li

MM

•'K.En|.B.D.1»»|J. II. LoukwDOd. p. Tl '73

M 18

as

oil

338

«PurU«l, JM4,C. U.Kvi.rMl,p. W tto

33

33

Be

18,6

"P«k. ISWI Ndm.

4

US

-oh.<ff

UrdlMoMSMiB. FilkDcr, p.«. ■« 1»
"Ch. of 1

36 34

IIK

'

'

1

*

^

2lfl

V!

"'

CownmljlMSl Uone.

« 37

38

9 3

"CdIoo, 1M4;j, Wild, n.D^p. 76

34 IS

0; 4

BnrmlK l«34irA. Lee, i;kni.,l nt,
CmWa," 181Silj>,Br,l!-B.kr.'^ -la -73

a n

0| 0

9

8|U

o| 0

Omdu, lTgB;BUiuiCurtl*,p. 'W»«

70 16

230

3

3 0

0; 0

C.n«n Foot '^

Comer., 1772 [0. ff, Wsrncr, TWi.,] W

CmAai, IMBifA. Bsrnuro, Zfceii.,J T3
CuthJig., 1836;iohn A. Yum, ..p. -74 71
Onln llblii, 1830 Nnoe.

H

ah

0 0. 3

Ml 13

33

9

1

2M

6,0

BO

ChuBplon. ISOll Non...

CbaniniroF'ka.Ull Edwird W. Root, m.p.'M 79

ChurchWUc, I8SJ'a. A. lUwHS, p.o. 'BO 7t

13

2 0

IW

Collin.. I81T:(Alb<rtD1geliw./V*...] 'JS

8 1

S

7

Columbnm ISOB H. p. Alwood, «om ,\ 76

;

0

33

Commaek. lSS7|r.r, Slnrlnlr. /Ya ,1 71

S li

«

]

&'s;v!sb£ »;•.•.£!..,■"?;

0 «

18

IS ft

81

3 0

133

Id, IMfli JahD T. Uanb. (.p. 'M 74

1

D 3

Duiby. ISnlJunu Wlltr.Lp. 'it'Tl

;

. 8

^IS

D.UU.1U.. lSMBumq«lUlirtr,ip. •« 76

to

Deer Klver, 18281 John A. F.rru. tp. 74 7*

1;

. D 0

De PiiMar, IKig A. tTclion, (.p. '03 73

:

!

138

S.BIa«mflel4 IJWiJQbn P. 8k»1e, tp. >» 7*

(

ol

88

U 113

3W

XMBnii., laitOliule.W.Qnke, a-p. 74

0 38

3

KMOUO, IWl, Kane. *^

a

E.Ph*rMl<ii, lUO Jo*i'pb01am*lil.,iup.>T3 7S

34 4

a

68

bBFltcirJ, 1844, No?S. '^

1

EUOD, 1831, W.N .ClB«vel«idjup, 'M «»

18 7

1

Kd«>, lS17||Al)iertBlRelD<r,/>r<it..1 74
BllubethI'ini,1Mt.U. W. Bnriawi. u. '44 '63

in 1
8 4

*

\

;

Jj

, 0 0

80

EUlDiUB, 18U

Noo». 1

81 8

IV

:

'

a

0

0^

1 0

Statistics. — New YeHe.

[Jan.

Cbuhcbeb. 1

Misisrau. ,o

Sua*.

1

"■"""

Adml'd

E^emond

■|

i

j

1

1

1

j

.1

1

ll

111

1

Blmrrn, 19«
JaiSKipm*, 19M

01o?e";-UJe. "al
BanllMn, |gn

KS,-' 1!!.

iSr- 11

Jay. Upi..r, laia

iE.T is

I.awrfni'cvilla, 1><ie
IrfbanoD, \im

Llila, ' ITDI
l^^mferland. I7»

S:fr;w.i-, i^

)b*.ar.., Ut, laifl
" id, 1331

ru.iiie, '

oira, IS2I

oravfa, 1*«

Drtah, IMS

Ulnedlle, ms

<}«>■ CurMti, isaa

LBlnal. ITSe

; aaWU., IBM

ITevIIi.iaD, iai;
Haw l^u, 19(H>
Haw VUlagr, 1319

T. E. Baeeber.a.p.

■"■£'■ "■ "

■C. H. Craw'fOrd', tie]
XlbiTlO. Reed.p. ■M
W. U. Uodeiel. a.p.
Oharlaa Noble, p. T3
■PrederlskLoag, Ho..
fTpuryM Hlgley, a.p.'fl
_K.S.E»g1aalon,/V«..,

(H. L.rtai,£;xt..]

A. U."Dmey, 'tB

Hoob.
O. A. Polmn.ap. -ts
B.T. Oro.a.a.p. m
r.D. Cornwall. a.p. ■3!!
Kdw.B,B«.e11.a.p.'67
OiroA.Tbomaa.a.p.-ai

W. A. Robliuon,p. M8
e. H. WalU, a.p. ■«

0. Wallen, a.p.
EIIOarwl>i,p. 'SI
Tliod,«Wal«o,a.p,'W
Thoma.Walaon, B.p.'flO
RlllotC. Bait. a.p. '«
•''"eaDeano.a.p. ■sa

J. D!''woodruff p. TB

^n.W.ILw'atkiM.tle.,
Rodney 0, Day, p. ^^i

F™.*Kyli?S°p'!"'"'''5!
Nona.

Wm.0.tfaldw1n.».p.;^

t'h. Beekwi'lh'.'a.p.' '11
J. H, Baekwilb, a, p. 'W

Obarlea Ray. Pra.,'\
D. It. Seward, /Vw.,]

W. A. Bmltta.a.p.
Charlea W.Burt, p. W

D. Dnnham,
ay CH.be. p. «

34

'SI

:

■¥,

•n
•n

|71

':s

1

'71

1

■7*

1

31

30
III
SI

a

41
W

a-

M9
8

n

m

I

80

na

I

IS!
»

1.S6

T3
2S
K

IS
45

m

«s

lai

III

SM
IS>

ai>

13

90
2f.
1W

u

IS

81

8i]

aid

4a
38

a:

M

in
iin

TO

11
m

'l
I

1

i
1

0

I
1

i
■K

(
i

M
0

4
0

0
3

0

4
3

a

I
1

0
0
0

i

1(

18

13

i

su

!

0
D

3
3 !

F

2

.1"

1

j|

01

0
0

0
0

0
0

0
0

It

0

0

1

0
0

2
S

■

808

»

m

TO
W

100
8t

«
88

sa

131
119
80

It

IM
M
IS
98

Its

It
134

in

1

110
lU

no

1

1876.]

Statistics.— New York.

PUo and MamB. |

lUHinuB. 1

Aug. 31.1

III

na.

5

1

18

ID

5i

1

Homo

>6.

i

1

i

S^Torka.J,-
'■ BrDadl..)-T«!l..lB40
» Morrlauila, 1.V 13M
" narlcDI, IBBi
" Uorrlwuila, M. IBM
" Cb. er DIudplea, 1B71

NortbJaia. lUt

NoRh Lnwrenoe, IB-Ill

Konh WalionI ism

OoZdSi^. IBOe
Orlem, 17K
Ortikany Falls, 1B£)

OKtoli. «1S

pTriT' 7*^?
pBIIaflirat*, BS

Pmy Centre, 814
PhlladelpbUi, BM

as;; ss

Pontaod, BS3

Rudolph, 1839
ReDwelaer Falli, 1B43

KS; IS

Kin. liov
RKeihtad, IBM
Bochfeler, 1B.^

Rodman, IBD
RoabTllle, 1801
Rntlimd, IBOH

(taod Ouik IBA2
8and;CrMk, IBI7
SaraUKnapringa, IWS

S<i£Zn«iAdr, IBM
Bebroon Lxle, 192B
enaccn Palta, I8G8
Sherburne, I7M

ffissr s

Bm;mm 1814
Bonth Canton, in

SoBlh Rertnan, 1BA3

sCkbX. 180
a^emllle. 18K

W.M.TayIor,Dr>,p.'K
J".H._^Vl"i5o;p.°' -M
Q.B. tlepworlh.p.

'ik'l"hiky' -44

Chia. A.Eeeler'Kvi..]

*£.";"■"■*-■ -*

[D.W.BleelD.,PrM..]
Walter W.Cnnii.n-p.'ti
Ba«.nnlBooriU.,a.p.'«l

C.H.Or.wrorf,i(effl.]
D.W.M»nb.a,p. '411

Jamea p. Root, a.p. 'M
N.F.I<nekBr.on./'r*»».-

J. El-Muntell, ■7)
D.W.Blgelo,r,Pr«t.]

JamM DoQglaa.Vp. 'W

N. B. Lowne,^™.,']
3.A.Rnck*nod.p.V3
O. A. Th(.ni«. a.p. 'SS
<3orhiunCroa..a.p. "40
Albrol..O[eeoe,a.p.-U
W. I, Chaln»rfc a.p. >71(
Jo.PpbA.EI,.p.e.
aamuclJobbaon.a.p.'M

¥.S.Qne\i,Y.Liaa,.A

Joa Duilfilaan, p. tl
C. Hoover, ft«,.]
None.

H. F.Bradford, n.p. '!»

[Ja•.Gb»nlb«r.,/■^«^.,:

Nona.
Wm. B-Lhwoln, p. -86

J.O,Uaa»ell,«.p. ■73

A.r. BBud,'D.it.',p.-<l{

14

z

n
;;.

■3U
•7S

'13

7(

a-,
itw

•!;

101

1)

si

4(

"a

H

n

soi

VA

1

«

W

111

171
36(

B

B
D

1
8

as

i
u

D

"b

0

1

6U

a

<

11
11

i

13
8

3(

i
n

s
It

1

H

1

11

M

aa

0

a

3

0
3

1
0

fl
D

a

>:

1

0

I

3

i

0

a

(
a

0
3

1

a
■i

0

a
1

2

a

0

w
a

1 1

■ !

' 1

1 1

D a
0 e

< (

' 1

0 0

1 i

1 !
0 6

a
a r

t 4

oav

•

4
I

3
»

11

0

w

0
0

u

s

a

3

0

(

0

0
0
0

D

S
0

0
0

0

0
0

^^

BSD

'S

lU
M

1
1

310

■g

'3

93

la

1
1
1

re

130

lU

IW

u

m

M

W

IS6

Statistics. — New York.

WELin Ai*

ociATion :

]S4o J. B. onmthi.p.

lu

1

Brtl«i. ■

1»30 Itoben EvBDi, p.

'S3

'71

I>«rtteld,

Slmln.

inT4 None.'

lBl<l.l.m«Qrlfnihi.p.

rioid,""'

18*1 J. [I. Orlflllb«, p.

■M

"M

OmnTlLlo.

Bumnd P.Unl,

ISM None!

•a

i

0

a

T 0

ItwranSVilie.

1890 None.

31

3

U|o

tt

Mellon.

4

3

s' 0

Haw Yurk,

18.)liDy'D. D«?™'p^'

1

»<• York Ullli

1S47|T. M. Owen». p.

•M

S:'«tt

Wil Nona. "

3

6

0

0

D B

IKT^lB. R.Hiwf>«, p.

IS

B

c

0 «

flulaatld,

19ai|H.R.Wllll«n..p.

'«

■8*

4t

rl 0

i «a

Pr«|Hiol,

ISM tJooe,

a K

B™.on,

183* Kobon Eiuu. p.

3

3

1 4a

KlohHUe,

laM'Duld.JotiiH, p.

■40

1

Borne,

'M

21

33

M

n

3

e 0

a «

Blloun,

is5aj»n.Marimiii«.p,

laotl B. K. Huthei, p.

IS

SO

m

1

4 3

0

0

I 1

1 M

Tfeniod,

1S61 Nob., ' "^

11

IT

3S

0

0 0

0

1 0

?:s?"-

1843 T. H. artlltlh.. p.

181.1 r. II. ariaiihi.

t>

It

0 •

Wtlca.

«]««

ISMB.B.'wililflin.'. "

'Ei

Tl

J*m« O. BHKbar, Pontb-

keepili-.
Henrv Balditn, KnntelUI,

ParkHlle, L. I.

Aih« niluToDovlRp.'
l^wLi Bod well, Clifton Spr>g(-
John K.Boewell.Unlnn Centn.
I. R. BridnKk, BuAlo.
Bdw, T. liromficid, Brooklyn.
B>lu C. Bro>n.W. Bloom Add.
ChurlM P. Burh, D.D., A.B.C.
F J(., New Tort

H. OmrpenlfT, Dunbr,
Bhntncl Curer, Nu.BnHO.
W. ClilKl, D.D., Crown Ailnk
A. Hniitlniton Ctapp, pjs,

Bm. Am. Home llba. Soe-

N«v York.
Dnid B. Coo, D.D., Bw. Am.

Home Ulu. Bae-Jftrnfo^
' imUiBD Cope land, Roeba '

1876.]

Statistics, — North Carolina; Ohio.

157

John P. Cnthmfto, Troy.
As 1 I>owiM, RtT«rbeMd, L.L
Oeom L. Kdward*, Baltlfig

HoUow. L. I.
Uaac II . Ely. Cbenaogo Forki.
0«o. R. Bnttor, pb.d., Frank*

Un.
O. P. BTana.WynaiiUkill.
Hmry B. Gilbert, MoiVa Oor.

Den.
Sdimrd W. Oilman, See. Am.

Bible Eoc, New York.
AneoD OleaaoD, dtjr mbwlon.

MTT, Brooklyn.
T. H. Orlffltb, Wdlft Europe.
9, W. Gratb, Cbateaagay.
Samuel B. Halliday, PaeU Ae-

aistant, Brooklyn.
Heory L Harrfe, Orient, L. I.
Obaa. A. Harvey, Middleiown.
W. Nye Harvey, New York.
Andrew D. Hayford, Crary's

Mills.
William D. Henry, STangellst,

Jamestown.
L. Smlib Hobari, New York.
J«An O. Holbrook, O.D.. Bee.

N. Y. State Home Mlaalon

Soe., SyracnRe.
Otis Huimee, Lake Groye, L.I.
B. B. Howard, New York City.
Alfred Ingall«,8mitbville.
Frederick Janes, New York

City.
Simeon 8. Jocelyn, Brooklyn.
John Jobn*ton.
William J. Knox, fiumer, An-

ffusta.

Daniel Laocaater, New York.

Henry Loomls, Jr., Pough-
keepale.

Benjamin N. Martin, D.D.,
Prot N. Y. UnlT., New
York.

Henry H. McFarlandJ^m.Sea.
Friends' 80c., Brooklyn.

William McKay, city mieaion-
ary, Brooklyn.

Darins Mead, New York.

Haryey Miles, Russell.

Ovid Miner, Syracnra.

Cbas. L. Mltcbell, Brooklyn.

Henry Morris, Bingbamton.

Jobn Newton, rhiladelpbiii.

Simeon Nortb, d.d., Clinton.

Wllllaro W. Norton.

G^rge B. Nntting, Belfast.

Abner D. Olds, Ellington.

Wm. T. Osmun, New York
City.

Ray Falmer, d.d.. Sec. Am.
Cong. Union, New York.

D. K. Pangbom, Carey's Mills.

Simeon Parmelee, d.d., Os-
wego. (Ordained 1808.)

John H. PettinKill, Brooklyn.

Gustavus D. Pike, Sec Am.
Miss. Association. 66 Reade
Street, New York.

Samnel F. Porter, Oriskany.

Thomas R. Rawson, dty mis-
sionary, Albany.

Charles B. Ray, New York.

Aaron Snow, MHler** Place.

Rollln 8. Stone, city mission-
ary, Brooklyn.

Henry M. Storm, d.d.. See.

A.H.M. See , New York.
Henry R. Waito, New York

City.
William H. Ward, editor of

Independent, New York.
W. W. Warner, Port Leyden.
Assbel C. Wiifbhurne, chap-
lain of Peniten'y, Syraense.
Wilson D. Webb.
Wm. Westerflcid, Jr., Moris-

ania.
W.W.Weimore, Deposit.
George Whipple, Bee. Am.

MIts. Associa'n. New York.
William H. Whittemore,

Brooklyn.
Moses U. Wilder, Brookljm.
William \VlDdKor,Morri8vin<.
Nathaniel T. Yeomans, Brie* .-^

tol.
Christopher Yonngs, Aqne*

bogue, L. I. ('

Welth.

Edward DaVles, WaterriUe.
Robert Everett, D. D., editor

of the Cenhcuiwr, Bemsen*

(Ordained 1816.)
ThomsA Jones, Warsaw.
Morris Roberts, Remsen.

L1CKNTIATE8.

11 aboye and

Jonathan Tenny, Albany.

SUMMARY. — Chubcbes: 68 with pastors: 86 with acting pastors ; 03 yacant (Including 88
snpplied by licentiates or ministers of other denominations). Total, 247. Loss, 6.

MiHi8T£R8 : 64 pastors ; 9H acting pastorit ; 96 others. Total, 249. Licentiates, 12.

COL'RCIJ Memblrs: 10,091 males; 18,493 females. Total, 28,684, including 2,600 absent
Gain. 97.

Additions in 1874-6 : 1,165 by profession : 876 by letter ; 60 not specified. Total, 2,081.

Removals iiv 1874-6: 890 byaeath; 713 by dismissal; 11:1 by excommunication. Total,
1,216.

Baptisms in 1874-5: 498 adult; 446 Infant.

In 6ABUATII BcuooLs: 84,604. Gain, 1,146.

Benevolent Oontribotions (164 churches, 167 hut year): $97,812.00, a decrease of

Am.

$66,360.30.

Familiiw in C0NOREOATION8 (187 churches, 192 last year) : 12,141, a decreased report of
460.

Mineville, Moriah;
Avenue; Chippewa
iStoclsboIm,We«t.

CHANOE8. — CHCBcnzs: New, or replaced on the list, — Florence ; ]
Morri»town; Balamanea. Dropped from the list, — Brooklyn, Lee A
Bt., Croton; Leroy; North Elba; i'oospatnc; Shlnnecock; Bmithville;
Ministers : Ordinations, etc., no report.

ORGANIZATION. — Fourteen Associations of churches, united in Qencral Arscciation,
which also includes nine Pennsylvauia charches. Poor (Barryville, Uowell's, Lumber*
land, and Middleiown) are connected with the Qerzral AasociATiON or New Jersey.

158

Statistics. — New York.
NORTH CAROLINA.

[Jan.

PIm* ud Mime.

».... j

'

WT^n^

!r,T

■APT.g

ill

1

1

llltl

1

1

1

!

1

1

Bcuifort, 1<I<
H<!L!c»>rtlU, 187]

W. a. Mum. 'J8 14
D D. Dudp,, lahs

IB 30
1 S

TO
M

;

a

3 «

oas

0 0

"

!

a

:

0

OllM
0^ 14

W U

lU

ft

fig

6

ul:

t

s

i

t3

0

7I>

BDMUARY. — C , _

ficuoou, a.

Heorr B. Bilks, 8n{rt SohoDla, WHmlngtoD.
u, aw>, u abora. Ldh of

Dropptd, —

n. Lou In Babb&tb

. Awild^ by tha AmnlBU llSa^oatrj AuocUllon.

Amhent, S
«/A>bu>biilii,

wW.fn1mer,a.p.'M -Jl

iWfle,

TCH.plaioii. !((■.,]_

I. a. VoUw, ■ p'. >T1

None.

Sow.
W Ohirlci Catlsr. i.p. 'GI
M W. S. Pitanea. ..n. 'a!
34J.-Whi[.Cow»n,a,p,H

, ->' OulumSlB,
■^ Oliridoa,

1831 BDrnCfl BQBbiiell, p. '3
I (Bee IPdrt Chnrska.)

.;Eh(n Hallty.'p! '" ' 'Ji

ia-.lT,UDlbiid B. ity, >.p. 7<
"'" .A.O™imiin,B.p,

i8;6.]

Statistics. — Ohio.

place and ITBme.

N*m8, J

c

1

£ a

a. HEHB'Ba

BD.i.iais.

A

n

"

item

1.

m"

i

^

1

1

1

10

a

0
0

e

SI

«

1

D

0
li

!

1

1

III

1

1

1
<

1

i

— " Euelld BT., 1*13

'• Belehu, lUO
- Ml-llion, ISM

.XoliISb'i Centre, 1865

^Ool^|Bbo..^,l.^^^lB|

^toolTlUe, ' Mil

OdwRdd, IMi

KdUbtiiR. l&fi

-.Fli<d.J&e,l.l. isil

FloMse *■'' IMS
Four Corsere, lui

Oambler' 1B«1

rlSlf is

BHDpdcD, \W1

Bineklej,' 1»

-ST' a

J^n»'nvl1le, IBl!
Kel1e;>* Itluid, 1B«

Ij.yittnee, IBtl
Lo Weill IBK

— ^^" ad, 18SB

-llariwIU.^, IBM

@. B. L«, p. '«8
J.E,T-lK!lie1l.p. 'Ol
ChiHe. T. ColUo*. p.

c. E^RDddiek, ..p. 'n

OreD D. Fl.her, B.p. 'TO
(So JFelth Chareiin.)
b. W. Torrej, B.p. '4S
D.Beb..l'nJoDe..a.p'Bl
H. a. Bulchlr... p. ' m
a. C. Bukill, a.p. Vi

[(i.i»ellM.KeJo»,»,p.'8S
Lott L. F*v, i.p. '13
B.V.B.Ua.incr,p. '07

John o: Bur "I'l'i^p.'ST
Levi L Fb)-. B.p. '«
H.II. Euli,p.

fIl!'i"ironce./VMfc..I

DBi.-llt.Mlllfr,*.p. -38

A. H.HwiUn, n.p. 'U

L,J.Donald.«.a.p.'71

[W.J.Jone.,»vi.^i'T3
JaboBolway, Bp. '02
OM.W.W«lbi,a.p. 11

,IohS''uKIIU,Ii(eB.,l
[W. T. Haii,/'re.6.,J fe

Edmund Galo.B.p. '6a
B™u.;1 B. Bel!, D.D..

John W.CoWBii, a.p, Tl
T.n.B-»](-.D.D.,p.'6B
Qi-o. W. Well*. ap.,Tl
Wm. A. Jnme. a.p.

|70S
16

■w

■fli
■88

•11

"82

'11

IS
■73

■7S
•7

?S

-76

-fl
■«

14

I
I

•75

1 M

I I

i!s

8 la
la 81

to K

a 11
11

} ai

II 31

i%
:i

i 1!

i':;

It a

0 31
7 11

r u

1 31
7 It

1 71

IM

III

M

M

!i

w

131

138
*

MB
IR

81
21
31

lit

K

UC

tat

3?

0
0
27

s

0

*
s

D

a

1

!
0
t
0

1

1

I

u

u

0

s

0
D

1
0

V

1
a 4

3 1!

ii

a

0
0

0
0

a

(

:

1

s

(

8

0

;

i

u

0

1
s
1

0
0

0
3

8

0

8
0

1

;

i

T
0

1

B
I

0

c
I

0
D

(
0

(

m

IDO

BO

UB

u
ioo

00
Vn

n

BS

Hi

BO

100
On

VM
M

m

70

IS
ITS

IH

i

1

Statistics. — Ohio.

[Jan.

Name. ^

"2

1
1

CH. »r«B'B»

Jill. 1. IBIS.

Ad»M

"m

■1

i

i
1

III

diji

1
3

1

3

-ModtnJi, IBli

-?!»»..„ !S

Kewbury. Honlh, 1833

iLfSr""" i

giSiS?™- 11^

^Paddy'a Uuo, 1«M

J-^navlIlD, IBiu
'l>alnt Valley, 18a:

panflcld, ' 838
Flerpont, HIH

-^^JSlle^d, mi
^Bandolph, 181!

duUlvan, 1S36
Sylvania, 1814
/.ll».dl., 18W
-"ffhompioD, 1830
Toledrid,lSlBandl88.S
" Waah'wa St., 1873

^w^'abarg, IBZl
Unlanvllla, 1834
vVnrnllUan, 1818
,JW.rfa«orth. 1819

-1S=»., IS
:^'^ !S

Weat Irid-pendcD'e.tS?!

<We™ouib, ' 18;iS

W.lUamafleld Clre, IB:W

■■ Waat, 181B

Yorl^ iBa

Anh«rT. Re«d,p. ■!■

A.J. nad1«y,a.p. T4

That. OhrJ'ef, a.p. '88
E. B. Borrowa, a.p. '^2

D.S°h«l'o,Ioora,a.p.'fll
R.D.Taylor, a.p. -47
Jni.M. Morrill, tie.,]

5.M.B»iworth,a.p. 'M
Ta-ne* A. Daly, p. "OS
Kis'l D. Taylor, a.p. "47

A. Nl'li.mliTi, a.p. -44
I Joaaph Merrlam, p.'ti

[A.H.Leon.^Vl'.V:

tTSry-i-*- ;?j

OsDrge L. Bench, p. 'i:
U«>r»V.Frj,p. '47
ll.N.rarton,D.i>.,a.p.'S;

0^?"Vcbal.r,a.p,-7l

Wm, D'wimanH^a.p.-ei

H. D.' Taylor, B-p. ' '4
Anretlan Q. Po«t,hP.'8i

^acreetan,a.p. '14

[Owen Jenkln., £Jt.,]
JrloW.Whl«,'a.p. ik
Martin R. Puoo, p. 'BQ
Marijn K. Paace, p. <«l

;76

■73
'7i

■:a

'84

'T4
76

7i

■ai
|7a

H

TS

T

■ai.

J

11

t

ai
*)

13

28

318

IJ

■J3
303

as

11

ss

i;
&■

43

181

26

103
87

B

6

61
'"

IS

«4

43

«
4I>

•!

11'

4131

a

!

6

n

a
a

B
0

8

it

I

1

1

11

D

a

6
0

0
0

D

0

i

I

0

a

0
0
3

3
3

$

8
0

8
Z

3

s

10
3

3
t

i»
a

:

1

i

0

;

0
0
0

•
s

0

8
0

0
0

0

D

1

80

7ft
SO
40
8t
IM
MA

ISO

80
IS*

8M
W

a

«o

80
13i

00
178
U

1

i

40

«o

60

lot

1876.]

Statistics. — Ohia.

MlKISTIBB. ,;

1

J.D. 1, 18T4.

Admc

19J3.

«

H

"

d.

1873. 1

FUw ud Nome.

■

i

1

1

,

llll

i

1

i

.£

i

1

a

Wn.BnCHGBCBEF,CE!r

Onnntl, IS*;
-fHieHii.»a' lfi«

S ii
E!r" ii

tUdnor, 1«3U

Ssiir' IS

TfMidrldwdilar, IWB

JufamcJoDO, (.p. -ibli

j.*C.d»iiidi?;tp. -M'ja
j.c.d«WM.tp. Tiais

JohnA. D»>tBi,p. -MTO

rhomni JcoklM.'iip.'M "Tl

J°P°Wminoi"lip', 'fla.'Ji
John Llofd, «.p. -iL'se
KhjTB Pow.-ll, ».p. "WIS

80

it

M

M
i

30

«

88

1*3

SB
STfl

w

11
lit

IK

0

0

0
0

J.!

1

'ii

0 0' 1

Hi;

Vil

1

i

11

0

:
■

:

0

(

1
1

U
M

130

40

tM

!!

48

4a

Wblwi Cbubcbcii, BAnsur CoxnaBiCK:

B. U. JodMin. t-jKsnla.
Oforge Bumom, f>rniGr,1X

Hll)»hP. B«miwi, D.D.. P
ThM.loglaltjtmiiiur,0

ChulM H. CharcUII, Frof.

Coll., ObfUln.
OaoTgEClart, retired, Oberlln.
&i>benOachnia,n>nD(r, Anr-

H«ir/ Cowlca, D.D., Prof.

10 U. KVRQ*, l.p. '8B 'I

in u'. Enti>, kp. tB >;

Wllllwn W. Footc, Umchet, I
Hi-nlor.

Jame«Or».aullford.
Bonr; B. Qoatord, tr«eber,

Theodore J. Keep, Obsrlln.
Urnrj D. KJiiB, rntmer, Kel- I

lo.t»vil1e
J. IT. Latrd.ObeillD.
Jvn» UcFarliDd. aH.W. Tr. '

■Dd Book Bac,, BprinKfleld.
John Uorgan, D.D.,I'rofeMar,

CIneliad.
WllHun Bdwirdi. 8; nenK.
John M. Sill*. Prof, Obcrllo.
BnnKvini, Oiktlin.
Thomu KvHW, tarmtr, kUn-

enl Rl-ilie.
Junea H. Filrohlld. D.D.,

Pna. CoU., Obarllo.

F"y,.iic ahlpliord, (
Judion Buillb,

,.fLT, Obtrlln.
1'fJJ^bor,.

Oeoroe R. Roialter, Pruf.

Colt.UoTlaila.
L. B. BBjce, OlaTclaod.

J. W. Turner, Cleveland,
n. M. Walker,
John Wllcoi, Twlnibars.
John W[»an>, rvUred, Fre«>

doD>.
eamui^l Woleotl, D.D., Bopt

lluoio kllaaioni, (.'letElanJ.

W. J. Efnna. Church nill.
Ednard A. UcClcnn, Toledo
A O. Upton, Obrrllii.
John WlUlama, Crab Cnek.

SICOHD $IRtE& — VOL. VIIL NO. 1

Statistics. — Ohia; Oregon.

lltHiHTEiiii; 32paiuiri; 91 acting paitori; Wolhcr*. Total, 1T4.
OauBCH UESSCBi: it,tiD(i malMj w,Hl fcnial«; 3,3ST nol lueeidi
, eludlDi 1,S31 BbKiit. O^D, a-i.

RuiOT*uiiiiHTt;3

^ Jiei, 171 U<t Tear] : ttt.STS.n. a dacniBM of

9ST3.U. urihetoUl, — Am. boma ULu'v Boc'y, %i.U\-a: A. 8. C. F. U.. «1,MU4;
Am. KlM'yAaio-n. •2,in.B3; Am. Cong. tJn., tiBe.13; Kd. eoc'y. fl,31BJll; Oona.Fnb.
Boo'r. «m,«j: Wettorn Cotlsge Soc'r, 171.70,

L Oabe (117 cburchea, liA lail year) : 6,613, an iaarean of I.
CHANOEB. — Cliuaciiu: Neie.nt nplaecd on the Uiil,-~AI1UDec ; Blnnlngbafn; Oaaullat

"' " ujwrf (rom the ll«t,— Oenlio ; Fowler; Lebanon: Martinibura:

; Warren, (Welih); Weallfevion; Drown Town >hlp.

ifl. Dtoppf4 I
Wapoleon; New London; Venn
(Wcl-hl ; Vienna, (Wel'hj- "

n"ame°TolJ^

of the •tBiliUca] year,
HiMiBTEu: OrdlnaUoai

[•ned In brackala la th« Ublei, .

jnrchea are also nnltad In
iJQgun, Wm( Va. PU(ai

UlKIaTHB. .J

1

1

"■""2"

Admfd

It^movi'd
1571-76.

-I

Place and Nurao.

■

i

1

1

1

I

I

1

li

1

1

1

i

J?

Albany. law
Ailoria, S3d
The Dm lie-, 8M

Sl".bo™?"' 5w

f """"'' SMI, "J"
BalciQ. mi

'rede'rick Cran'g, "34
Vf. R. Bulcher, W
J. V. KlUi, IB

None.
1. H, Alklnion,P.D.,'<7

•.'B.KnlMhl, ' ' "•M

T3

^3

i

e

i

31

1
!

S
3

a

a

3

3

IS

13*
IM

3U

Total: 9 churc)<v>.0 mtnlit.n.

a IS

341

663

¥>

t

31

38

W

M

TboDia4 Condon, Prof. I

J 0. DIeUnKiii. 8a

D. B. Gray, Kog

orMt Horace Lyman,

en

a

'■

Mt

B.

I

1

ll

A

D

ft

I

>»

BNTOO.tT

U1ulDni,*7S.U; Uonie

tlOJM; BlbJaSodely, >!

VOS BoHE Bxril>a£B (S cb

S1,871.M; InoldeBtal*, |
3.163^.
CHANOK8 — Ohdichu: ITon

L ehnreh membtn, m. OalB la

._ . .S1L4I. Of Ihe total.— FonUa
I. tlM26; Am.^lia. AuoeiBtloa, •44.M)i OoDgl UdIoi,

•t year): ta.SM.U; Salarlea, •l,iM/»; Oh.BdUM^
labbatn Sohoolt, t&T3.11. Oaln In lotat oOtAt^

a the tlx ohanbn of

•«7&]

Statistics. — Pennsylvania.
PENNSTLTANIA.

■63

1

■Uanwrm.

1

^

ca

—

IHB

„

Adm

•d

RpmoVBd]

■«-Tfl.|

OBDBCeU.

Aug. 81. 1875

IS74-7S

PUc» aoil Nime.

Suaa.

:

i

i

I

i

j

i

i

s

1

i

lilll!

11 New Tom:

1130, None.

u

Old*

•«ildt<.wn,

Hla'AtbErBHu, LP.

S-CA.

'^\%^t:^:,i.

TH

M

i

«

J

13

1«

t

2 2

V»lh.

Bai>:.j.i^..p'. ''

i

Km

Ml|K.^I.Morrl.,..p.

11

14

11

ra

21

0

0

0

0

0 0

Sui.JohDH'.KMan.a.p

11

'|o|k

IrStapclDxCnck.

K* Non.. "^
B4;I.I<.l.nJ.Bdi.d,

7t

"

^

S

1!

'!

;

't

s

S J

n ,\Bir Jbbsev:

8.p<.30.ia76.

imi-ts.

Sr:il?f Of^o..

John C. W«n>". p

'M|13

fT

"1

•'IS

miHlalpbU. C«n.,

J«. R. Dunrorth. 1

tl-ki

13«

HI

l;

- Pirnonih.

Lymui Wblllflg, p

,d::

U

»^

™«..SS"'"

87*

Jo'hnA'.Crniuin,..

s

M

is

1!

K

'\

a

i'

OOJISKTED .1

H UHio, WEarian Aa*oc'ii: 1 a«Dt.lQ,I

tTT

^k^njr Ocj^.

U»

0. P. KmerBB.p,

»l

Jo«phAd.m.,..p

•M

•7;

J)

»

?

,;

j!

i5

1 (

0 1

1:1 !»

^;'

loa. B. bavJuB,'.,

'w

■71

21

'^

I

^

i

i

M

1 i

in ?s

immlaflaii.

Wl

8. Uuolng, ..p.

•K

7t

K

£

i

u

; ii

sr

JIS

-<'*" 1 "J.n7rT»71. 1 l8Ti.

fcrv»-,,

ll.D. Lowl>,I,,.p.
JohnEd»ud>,Lp

■fill']]

■I'la-

itriiviii^s

W«UII. RAKTl

_8=pl. 1876.

TBf«-7i. ' ' "-^

^Iwd,

R. R. Willtam.,

7»

1

—

ABd'D^cd.

^' l;-r:

lao

'S

»

38

3

31U
in

lit

•-!"■»

"ajohnWllIlMB.,

■M

"73

»

a

tl

1

li

lt>

Bhhi Htulow,

UD N^'^

"

ssa-

Ml P(cd. T. Kmoi,

•W

•"

1

17

S10

T6

BOi ^■koe"."""'

OHtnlt*. '

iMo' so«:

SutlUt,

^S?.P%"X'^

•SB

•73

s

n

11

33

I

13 H

1(0

ii^&ur-"-

Bl

iW.JSBklM,

17

10
>10

Bjd.P«k.

sns »■"•'■■

a

M

*

5

^

&«:

»»■«<»■!*

H« JobD » Enn*.

JUhMor,

SM Lot Lrte,

>

i

lUllCntk,

««« None.

0 u

ra a, it. Willl.ni.,

Mont* Kbd,

X^^.-T-"™"

■M

»:

«

-

lb

6M

M«ttSke',''

gr^wiiSu..

TS

■7S

«

78

PItuUm,

-PljinonUi.

^jdIkTe™,,

•M

€

»;

1;

';

1:

2Xi

no

■ Pluvld-nce,

U» rTh. Jo.m.

■7J

m

A

atCUlr.

BhUDoHn.

1 >d"'

Hod..

H

>

ft

u

3

1 «

uo

i€4

Statistics. — Pennsylvania,

CnDBKlTEB, 1

MlHIBTESB. ij

1

1

1

StI. 13, 18-S

Adml'a

nu°7r

^1

■a

i

1

1

^

J

1

J

1

1

j

1

5

BpnuK Brook, im

TSS^^ie, IBll
Vdley, I»10
WiniuDie, I87u
Wllk«b«™, 1980

Nono.

NoD«:
D.nLolT.DiiTtai.
J. P. DavlM.
D. E. DutIh,

T.O, Elwmri., Tl

•n

13
1*

la

(

ii

J

(

u

IIS

Weub, WEaTBBii AiuociATION : 1 0=1. ». WIS. 171I6. 1 iaii-:s. 1 TUS.

Br^iy. B^nd, IBto
IrwiD emtio™ ■ 1K3

llsvld k"!!"'!™!,

fotiTi S. Thomui tn

»!

1

6 14

4

1

M

M

1

Otdbh XnmEKB.

AddlunB.illHrd.D.D-.Kaat
B«th 0. Draco, Philsdrlphli
JoQHbu Kdwudj, PbUod

nhlh
Tbomu Sdwaidi, d.d., 1

B.'b!%v>?>, Hyde Flrk.

I>iin> Ooodicll, PhllulelphU.

n. Todd Jonci. Staenandoiti.

Cornellni L. KLtchel, PhHi-
dalphln.
, Wm. Muub, W»r™
I H. F. Kl<!kenoD,En!

wtlh puton I W with i

n W Partridge, Bcnaloo.
•i\B W. Rice, Am. B. 8.
nion, Phlladelpbla.

D. D. Thodi

'HeoiT O.

delpbU.

^ mi»

Wbyd

-j; 218 bt letter;

Ih; 2Ubjdl>mliaal; «

peclSed. Total, 4,BU, InalniUiii
4 not ipeoiaed. TOTAt,TBl,

_.., Total, »!.
BAFTiaita IN la74-S : 16 idalt ; B4 InfiDL
Ik Babbatb Schools: 8.36T. Lo«i, SI.
BINEVOLBIIT COHTHIBUTKina (IS cburchDi. 11 lut venr) : S1,1B2.4B. i decreue oTtm.Tl.

Of Ibe toUl, — A. B. C. V. M., «33B.K3; Am. Home UlH. ctociar, 1278.48; Am. Uiu.
ii.tlt1.7D; Am^Cong. Union, (It; ColLti B4. Soetety, (IS; Bible Bool*ty,ttf.

tre)ah;Oeiimlla,
he llBi,— Oirboa
Raadlns, Waldij

i, |8*3.S0. Thtrteen churcho. report tiJ,*8B,
CHANOKS. — CnnacnKJi: Sac. nrronliii^sd on the Ll.t._R
Welih^ Ni:Bih; PhllBdelpfaia,
Kan, Wolih; Indljuia.nfel.h.

WboMlnnd. BummltUlinin . _

HimaTEaa : OrJlDiitloiia,Etc., no lepoit.
OBQ-ANIZATIOH.— lakmlbodlHiaBbOT*.

l; Olyphad

fhUsdelpfirs, We?ih ;
\m now Olbionboigb.

1876.]

Statistics. — Rlwde Island.

EHODE ISLAND.

I6S

Onomcnu. |
FIxxtudlTun.. 1

UlHIBTIBB. -J

N.nie. \

■

CB. UEMD'nB

AdmVd

Removed

187*. 1

f

i

,

a

1

1

i

i

i

L
1

1

!l

BitMol, 1W7

HOTrp<.rt,nDU.d. iras

UnlDO, IBM

p«<»^>]*. im:;

" Oniril, law
•' CharluSl., lM,i
^ Blni«<«.d. 1»5J

•• Pilgrim, ' ISWV
■■ TiB&E, 1815

SSS,... s

TlT«101i. 1140
W«r»lBk. IWli
Tr«leTl7, l*4fc
■W(»inoeket.aiobe,18a4

" PlyiDoolh. IMT

WIJIJiD Home, p.
JohnH.WslU, •p. 'Jl

!IsnrrT.ArnolS,'m.p.n]
T T.jlor. D.n^ p. ;«

1 B. F. Poriop., ..p. -47

71

■;i6

■ftB

32

M

18(

1

20

2W

IM
liO
9U
S3

W

i

IM

I

14
4

W

a

4!
S

13

8S

30

f
■

4

a
s
i

2

11

!

1118

viwi
7a7B
im
ai«a

V,

4 m

TBXS
G18D
33M
4150

11 an
a «a

3 2118

10 118
D 31

OTHIS MmiBTEM. 0^1^ p Qy,^ Providence. Nnlh.n W. William., Pio»-

J. L«rii DlmtD, D.D., Prof. AdsuiIdb M. IUco, Little Idvnco.

DnW., PtovldrriM. Omplon. Tho.. Wll1i»m., Providence.

Walur P. Doe. PrnvldEnca. Dnvid SbepW, i>.i>., Prov- (UrdalnedUuv IS, 1S04.)
H.B JDbn»D,E.Pn>vldeDea.[ Idepge. [

7B by leUsr.

Ik 8*BBATii8cFIOfiLii: 6,37a. a»in,831. Averagealtsndsnce. 3.112.

Of tlin tolal, — Foreign UiailotiB, »9.10o'73; Womiii's Bonrd, <2',18(l.62; Homo Ml'.Blo'n/
t«,»2e.74: Am. UIh't AMOc'n,>3.65e.M; Seamen. 1470.14^ Bible, >l.oa:2.1>»; PublleaiJon
tM4DI; Ednc.iion, il.aiS.M; Temperance, (MtB; Church buil.hne, *Ll,oii;.84; the
poor.t2.30S00: mli-ellineoui, •T,h167. Hams eipoiuei (21 churcbe>. 23 lul year):
JW.W9.41. an 1nereo*e of »U,J23.74.

CHASOK9.-
OBOANIZATIOH. — Tb«B

ie [iliDd Congrsgatiauul OaafotaoM.

i66 Statistics. — S. C; Tenn.; Texas; Utah Territory. [Jan,
SOUTH CAROLINA.

Obdrobh. 1

Pk«»dITuna. 1

»™. 1

i
1

8ept.*).18J».

Adm-M

197*-!*.

-TMi-l

\\

ll

lllll

iiiii

i

III

5

OrHiceburK. mg

a:: 1

-I'-

■""l-lt'lll'tll-l'"

TENNESSEE.

HuhTlllB, Uulon,

i.BeauetC, '«3 "ST

BEHivaLKNT CORTsrBimoin (t ihuraho) : f 121.01), ■ ifcnttt at tMM,

Hoke !;xpeii9E» (tchurahe*): (l,»t, ideereueof (isaw.
OBAITQK8. — OHi^Hcnza; JTcuj, — none. JTropped from tbg llit,—Cb>tU>i]DOBm 000(1.

OBQANIZATIOH. — In thaCBiTTBAE. BODTH OoHFiavtCt. S»a Alabama.

|8<-pl.M,lSTi.

■'vi^iTriavfTsri

■WTT

'?■■■ S

BIiBraBn, 1NJ4

Nnns.
n. 0. (Thnr-L,
MI'choll TliunipWMl, |70

73

^

103

40

'if

0

a

'•

!

51

i!

0

M

u
m

H

97

IIU

36!

13

91

LSlflS

h

1.

1

Id

u

IS

M

Othsb UiNUTEBa ; Nub« raparted.
SnHIIARr. — Caviicaui,eu.,Baab(iTa. Qaln of mambaM, 3. Lou In SabbaOi Bobooia, 1.
OHANOSa— Ordrcrei: A^iw, — Done. X>ropptdttaatiiKlM,—mM.

ItiRUTEsa: Ordln«Uim.,notnport.
OEOANIZATIOH. — TtwOoKORBaATiokAi. Auoctatioh op Tbkai.

UTAH TERRITORY.
~ ' iWoT.lMgfTI

a«lt Uke Cliy. lOTj|Walt«rM.Bam.wi,'7ll'7a| »| a>l »| *l al 0| l| ol l>| o| T| !»!»

OUAKOKa. — Nonelnllrt. Oaln ormamborB, nooa.
laB-JmATUScuuioui; Kacluuin.
BKUTOunOanuBimoHa: %ViM.

1876.]

Sfatistics. — IWiaofit,

VEEMONT.

167

Statistics. — Vermont.

PU« und Nmnie. |

i

™. KEHB'U.

Mv 1. 18T*.

AdmCd

WTt-TS.

1814-75.

1*-1i^

1

1.

1

1

■«

I

1

i

i

m

%

3

Fr«.klln,* 18.M

oeor^ itb;

aSUb? ft Vlowry, V&

oSTdhsll,™ ' It*
Gollford, Eut, ITW

Ka., IS

Holland, 1812

Jericho, Ut, 1791

Johnson, I8i:
Lo-ell. Sle

Ijmilonrille, «7(

Ifolndw^'i FjtIN, saa
Ulddlobary, 790
MIddlMDwn, 780

Viluo. au

•■ Wi-et, 8(H

MonKaVld. sa
Morwloh, 8!B
Orwell, 7Se

i:» i

Plymnulh, SOI
FtiSrot. 783
Pom Mill*. 8.TO

SSS'Wi. K
a."/,.,. S

BMburj, ISM

/yo/-H.emiih,^p.

Joi,B.Mnfi.ell. ^p.-aa
C. B. Oadr, ».p. "as

■I^^^J-Thjng.'i^p.'K

B.lD^nollRrlsnt. '<H
IIe»leelBinlUi,>.p. %

Rubl"'. UlUer, Lp. •»<

J™o*f.S.o«,Vp. M

[kh. Uetc'Jrl Ucm.,

;5."L"i"i: :;!;;,!

/Vo/.J.K.Qo"odrlrJj.

>.p. '84
O. B. Frenob, '71
K.O-Birge.fcp, '40
F. B. riielpa. To
"IIh p. Cook, n.p. ■W

B. F. Qruil, tp.

R.s'.'G'o.hni»D,D.D.,-«

N.F. <i)lilel»h, 71

«- V. II«k«,''' >ai
0. Mvrlok, B-p. '48
J.II.W'wdwxrd.n.p.'SB

,.„.w;^..a.„.™

A. B. Lyon, 'M
BMphen Knovlbn, 11.1

A. W. wild, "^ -8^

Chu. Redfiold, n.p. ■»

AIIen"H«en, ..p.
3. O. MilH.

[J. L? oo™.*jifta!!i

JohnK.RBuelI.Lfci..,]
b. W. Dike, ^»

C. n,"K:enl. '38
T. e. Hubbard, Lp. '3'.
AUtaL«dd, ■»

■71

70
'M

n

74
■70

i

*i

i

'71
U

i

10
41

43

M
Kl

73

4

1«
14j

18
30

61

ai

li

101

i
1

tOB

3a
lat

«i
eo

4(

1

241

IS

»

10

s
1

T

11

41

0
0
3

lU

3

K

1
1

:

I

1^

1

0

i

0

\

0

z

i

0

<
fl
B

e

3

1

0

4

D 0

fl

4

\\:

1 8

1

i

a

3
«

e

3

':

i
»

1

«

i

I
:

i
I

1

Ut

IM

»
iw

MM

140

N
IM

M

m
i:b

a

173

i

Id

i

«

M

1

i

i8;&]

Statistics. — Vtrmmt.

169

1

May 1. 1874. 18

Imt'd

1S74.T&.

n

if

■1

CH u. 1

PUa. and Kama. |

i

1

1

It

1

1

1

£

ill

3

.1

Bnrert, ITM
BoUaod, 17*9

fiandfau. 7W

Sis'"'' S

GLAIbuaju, m
2d, 941

S i

Bvaouia, 900
TowDalKad.Xut, 7TT

US' 1

Wilerburv, IBOl

Wuertil'le! 1933

Wcalbcraflflid Can .,1770

" E«K 1^

Wwiacld'"' 1818
Wailford. IBOl

WvybilSge, 17S4
■Whitlnic. 1909

W1IU»lon, ' ISWt
Wllmlnglon, 1780
WlndhMO, I90i

winno^ki, lew
WoiBDii, isia

VowIaUwk, ITBl

C-jB. Drake, D.D., -37
A. B, Lniabrrl, D.D.,

T. K, William.. K.p. 'M
SiraD. Bialoard, a.p

Jo..''^'andler, a.p. '*»
K.B .Ohanii'rhl'n , a-p. 'M

Wllll^ I«. Bacon, 'U
J. 0. Wb,.fler, 'W

Haory W. Jonaa, "M
J. p""Huinphr6y, '47

Benrr F.Koatodl^.p.'il

Charl"'E. Ilona. >M
Nona.

j;^^'Bd™w1d,i.p.'''U

T. E. Banna;, lup. -44
a. y. IrtUgee, -a
\<u.an naiari,

Jam«^n. BabbUt. JflS
lii«.VAbboll','»-p.'48

None.

'?B. Phdpa','' ' 10
O.P.BTln^n.a.p. W
Pliny F, BBriiiiTd,a.p.'47
A. gWiren., D.D.. '43

H. ™KlIrholl, a,p. -aJ
..UBU.......

Edwin Wheelock,..p.'M

LouUW. Hioki, -74
William Ri^hollB'd, 14

■88
13

ti

•74
71

70

U
■71

1;

13-

21

2H

18

120
44

lis

«
T

H

174
IS<

28S

19

H
S3

82

:&

fii
44

116

«7
58

kio
20

ao6

M

41

49
«

48

1

i

11 \

40 13

■r:

111190

8
11 SB
43 10

t 1

aoM
9

wio

i i
18 10

20 b

la
1211

10 0
0 0

23 7
X 8
2 3

.!

2^1

0 1
17 22

tao

0 0

1 a

731

7H

0 0
I3 8fl

0 0

494

8 1

2 21

2

3 10

1 2
0 0

B19

4 4

isa

D 0
0 0

! '

* J

i

1

2

6

2
2

;

3

<

i

3

24

a:

38
0

tl

8
0

*

3
3

a

2
0

3

B3

IDS
S2E
IW

40

80

SOT
2»

U

361

IW

u

10

80
lU

u

too

1»

118
M
80

230
190
140

£

40
■O

HI
148

78

170

Statistics. — Vermont,

[Jan.

OrnER MlHISTKBS.

James Anderson , Manchester.
A. 8. Barton, Middlebnry.
Wm. 8. Blaisde)l,Middlebary.
Moses B. Bradford! Melndoe's

Falls.
James Buokham, Bnrllngton.

(Ordained April 4, 1820.)
Angnstus Chandler* Brattle-

boro*.
William Clark, Newbary.
Jonathan Clement, D.D., Nor*

wich.
Alexander O. Chllda, Orford-

▼ille.
John K. Converse, Burlinffton.
James Dougherty, D.D., John-
son.
Henry Fairbanks, 8t. Johna-

bnry.
Amos Foster, Patney.
Lyndon 8. French, Franklin.
n. T. Fuller, teacher, St.

Johnsbury.
Joseph Fuller, Vershlre.
Jeremiah Glines, Lnnenbnrg.
D. Goodhue, Burlington.

Lewis Oroat, Agent A. M. A.,

West Bra»tleboro'.
Robert V. Hall, Newport.
Samuel B. Hall, LI..D., Brown-

ington.
Henry P. Hickook,Burlington.
Harvey O. Higley, Oastleton.
Isaac Hosford, No. Thetford.
J. C. Houghton, Burlington.
Jabez T. Howard, West

Charleston.
C. H. Hubbard, Bennington.
Henry T. Hunter. Hartland.
Joseph Marsh, Thetford.
niriek Mnynard, Outleton.
Silas McKeen. d.d., Bradford.

(Ordained Oct. 28, 1816.)
StlUman Morgan, Bristol.
Sewall Paine, Montgomery

Centre.
Geo. A. Perkins, Lunenbnrgh.
Horace Pratt, Northfleld.
S. J. Ranslow, Wells River.
Amos J. 8nmson, St. Albans.
Charles S.Smith, Sec.Vt.Dom.

Mlss'y Soc'y. Montpelier.
Eben Smith, Mlddlebury.
Amasa Stewart, PitUford.

George Stone, North Troy.
Levi H. Stone, Cattloton.
Wm. W. Thayer, St. Johns-
bury.
Henry A. P. Torrey, Prof^

Burlington.
Jos. Underwood, East Hard*

wick.
Geo. L. Walker, d.d., Brat-

tleboro'.
Rufus A. Wheelock, Island

Pond.
Joseph D. Wickham, DJ>.»

Manchester.
J. C. Wilder, Charlotte.
A. J. Willard, Burlington.
John H. Worcester, D J>., Bur-

Ungton.

LlCEHTIATES.

Six above and

Solon Albee, Prof., Middle-
bury.

Ezra Bralnard, Jr.. ProfL,
Mlddlebury.

Matthew H. Buekham, Praa.
Univ. Vt., Burlington.

— Bvants, Mlddlebury.

SUMMARY. — Ohurohes: 68 with pastors; 70 with actinia pastors; 6(K vacan (inclading 9
supplied by licentiates or ministers of other denominations). Total, 197.

MnfiHTERB : 67 pastors ; 71 acting pastors ; 61 others. Total, 189. Licentiates, 10.

CHURcn MEMRER8: 6,187 males; 12,208 females. Total, 18,816, including 8,262 abieBk
Gain, 425.

AoDiTioN s IH 1874-6 : 1,066 by professloi\ ; 422 by letter. Total, 1,478,

RtMOVALs IN 1874-4 : 840 by death ; 461 by dismissal ; 8 by excommunication. TotaXi, 7W«

Baftibwr in 1874-6 : 686 adult; 220 infant.

In SABBA.TII Schoolb: 19,813. Gain, 824.

Benevolent Contributions (142 ehurches, 144 last year): $40,841.29, a decrease of
$7,285.71.

Average Conqreoations (164 churohes, 164 last year) : 20,257, an increase of 2,020.

Value or Church Propertt (165 churches, 161 last year) : $1,386,160. Increase, $12,200.

CH ANQES. — Churchbb : Keio, — none. Dropped, — West Huron.
MiNi'4TER8 : Ordinations, 2 pastors. Installations, 7. Dismissions, 7. Deceased, 1 witboirt
charge.

ORGANIZATION. — Fifteen apsociations of ministers and thirteen conferences of obnrohe^
are united in the Genrral (^>NVEzmoN, which Is npw a corporate body.

I8;6.] Statistics. — Virginia; Wash. Terr.; West Virginia. 171 •
VIRGINIA.

PUra and Nune. |

— 1

i

f

3opl.M,18T8

Adml-d

Removed

^:j

i

1

^1 =
1

M

i

5

1

i

1

a

3 1

1

Banplmi, l>l«[i|ri1rlii.rdTnlmiio. p. '«

'•

4g|a;

ill

H

1

■i

3

-,

1

1

m

Otbes UmTSTuu. — None nporUd.

BMKBroLBirr CoiTTmiBDTioiii: nerndon, tUMiadaDrMMof •lOJM.
O&AMSES. — NoDllntlit. Oiln otmcmban, IT. Law Id Babbatu BcRDOL), T.
OBOAKIZATIO^T. — Hnniptan li ondrr the ova of tfae Aheucan UimtinnARr Auocu-
«OM. HiradoD llconmSMd wlUi tli*aB>T~ ' " — '

WASHINGTON TERRITORY.

■

Auhnais, lin\ Nona.

BolUnyhura Bay, IMl P. Ontrlmn, 11171

Olympii, 19T3| None.

BalUc, ISIu.JuiDGi lUU, '4» 7A

tkakoraWh. lSJ4ll,'U.W..g BtO,, -Si 'U

T»oonlii,l'ugel's9J..l(i;4! Nonf.

'.

11

1

<,

11

IS

2

n

so
m

31

iH

0.1

in

1-

■M

1

6

li

HIS

Omn UiHDiTEU : J.F.Damon, BwUlei H. Ball*, Skokomlab ; Q. A. Hantlogton, Indian
Agmi. If auh B>]r-
BtJUUART. — CnDHCBEiAKDUiinrrEui uaboia. Qala In ofanrcb iB«nben,17. In Gab-

Bbiivolut CoNTHiBUTioM* (S cbn'rcliH, DQofl lait jBny. »14^.ST. Of whicli. forelin
rail-Ion', |a);Hi>niel[lulan*, tia.U^ OouEreiatlonal Union, ta.M; BlbloHocloly, t39.41.

Of »

adince<,(S;3ilucldi'nuli,«3'JSS: S.bb^h dcbajl
CIIANQES. — CHtmcriLH: Acu, — DulliaKbiun Dor.
OSQASIZATIOX. — OaniweUdwItbUiaQuiEtAL A<10CIAII0:t <

, t2Q1.3Si

WEST VIRGINIA.

iT:iirrisft.r7<-7i. 1 u:t-ii. \

1 7*-I».

Otnto. 18>l!JohnMcK«B,..p, 76

■rs

»

i\S

:

i\t

0

'

;[:

i\S

21

Js.

.

.

3 »

.

.l»

Bekevolekt CoHTBiBDTtONa: BmUnriaa, llS.Ti, adacraaasot ta-S^.
CHANOI^. — Monalnlbt. Oalaaf mamban, 4. Oala IhSabbitu dcuoou, 33.
0BOAinZATI0!T. - With Ohio.

Statistics. — Wtscoftsin.
WISCONSIN.

[Jan.

.

ICrantxu.

1
1

CM. Vtlin'BH

Dea. 7, 1B7S.

1974-73

X""

74-TS.^

Pu..„«».... 1

i

^

1

1

1

111

j

m

m

.Allen'* Orott, 84;
AppictoB, 9ii
■Aiblpp^". CT
Aurorartlic, 96:
Baldwin'* Ullli, Ml

aiactCn"k,' SI
Blank Enrlh, 8M
Bloomar, ISflfi

Bln.Mc,i-udli',(rd.*.

Bri>(<>]a'>d Parti, liu:
Borllnglon.Plym'lh.lBM
Oaledanla, 1814
Otntrr, 1847

CatHtDbm, Oliiet, laui
Oaoktilllv, IM7

Bssar IS

Delafleld, WtUh, 1814
pelaniD, 1S4]

J-^-'-v*.. ...

£ut Troy, 183B
BaoCmlre, *.«
Ulk OracB, 843

Smenid GroTB. 844
Bni»>jlle, 8fil
J-UhCrMk, ir*i.S, 8S9

Jondda U^,^ ««

W'- 1

OleTBftilah. 870
Grand Raplda, SflO
Or«n I^c, 8SI
T1.IU. HT4
Biuamond, VA
IUncMk&C<ilonia.l9Tl
Hartford. 1917
Uartland, U43

UoralluU. Cuo.p. 71

0. B?Fiu.nr, D-D., ..p.
EnwldM.Jor.«,ap.'^l
Wjlllam Walker, a.p.'St

Kono!
0ili9.CiirUi,a.p. IS

OmrQ. May, ap, 70

Aiiani I'lj'kanou.Vp.-K

None.
Mo.(..M.Marlln.ap.'6S

Cta.rl«WmBy,..p. '45

Wni'!ftoddart.a.p. 'BT
Kormui MeL.A>d, a.p
Tho..01llMplo...p. 11T
O. G. Cerri., a.p. '^

LswIiP. 7roit,a.p. 'GO

Kdw. P.C>t>bo«. a.p.V

anion Rowluy.' a.p." '48

«n™h"™« ■'"^■■OU
Wpb CM\'of^. 'bi
K. P. Baloion, p. 75
a. H. ThompiDD, B.p.'43

No";

A'.berWrcSrt!^'a.p.'9«
J. V. Dudley, p. V*

Joel°Gk'Babln, a.p. '33
ItoberlQnaif«,kp. '(n
lUeh.rdM11l«.ii.p. '13
Ju. W. liarrli, ^.p. •33

K. .7. UDDUgne, p. 'W

IBS.,.!

I'lflUR. Bcaple*,a.p.73
MlltOD WalS, a.p. '41
Peler Valenllae, a.p. ti
QeornSmlUi, hp. '09

;,BdwUWolf>en,a.p.73

DjJlj^lSC'a.'^P^ '*l

None!
J.W.DOBaWaon, a.p.'S9
A. Scolle'd, H.p. '13
J.T.aaak*U.a.p. 70

71

11

74

71
■38

■71

■?<
7-

13

Jt

74

73
■ji

61
«

a;

7
21

u

190
3|

a
2:

li
4:

7-

"

m

M
K

8

18
10'

31
20

94

»

3a
Si
U

9
0

0

1

0

0

Q

0
3

1

<l
0

,.

0 !
0 0

0 0
0 0

0 1

la
0 .

0 1

0 1

2 i

8 4
0 0
0 1

0 (

0

1 t

si;

4 3

ISl

0 u
4 1

) 0

t

1 3

1 2

2 3

1 «

0 0

1 0

1

1

0

0
3

1

I 0
1 0

D 0 O

0 0

9 i.y

U 3 1

1 1 i

1 0 1

0 0 ;

4 0 3

0 0 I
8 0 H

'i U i

1 0 S

& 4130

1 I 73
11 4 40

0 0 33

10 1 m

0 3SM

2 8123

:!g

1 1 »s

1 i

0 3 M
0 DIM

u UI«
COM

0 u 75
9 3 13

2 3 101

0 0 u

li 1»

1 0 23

0 itoo

0 atn

DOT*
0 0 80

3 1 90O

0 4»)
0 3 IIS

HI

0 0 100

0 1 iw

goo

woua

iS;&]

Statisfia. — Wisconsin.

Pluc and Nung.

iKonlK, V^ftA,

KlIbaOTB, ITorlil,
Ktnnisklanick,

Uswlal
ItfOrw ftook,
Hadltoa,

IlMk^WII.

»rnaka«.P1i
» Bud. Si.,

KOndmrl.

Haant ^MtilBf,
Maoat Zton,

H*w RlihoioDd,
(MCrwk,
UakOrld,
Oak Oro**,
Oak Hill,

. 18T4-T*.

glmiin BprkFT, a.s. 'a4

Timothy JcuM, u. Tl

T.P.Sawin,Jr..D. Tl

Hlohard UlUer, a p. IS

Chai. ll. Otehiifila, p. •(»
L.'vlP. S.ibtn.a- "
David Wirt, a.p

Um> U. Mutii

a. V. 8, »l.ber,-. r- .-

{A.Uellailcri,/y«(A.,i

phn FMKtt, a

TRi T. Ladd, p

K^C. Anderaan,a.p.>7S
Mjron W. Bced, ~ ""

T. B. tfcrrli, LD.

[T. A.Ojirdnur.fVuJ.,]

t'otrr Volcntins, a.p. 'M

U. Mayw, a.p.

Tn. Poi>pll,a.p. '
nllrir Clapp, a.n. <
lliF.ODAla,>.p. '

m. R. AndBMOn LU
-7. U. Wlliliuiii,».p.
iWm.CSmtati.ZIr

It'.UKu^mfLp.
ThonuuQ.OtaMlB, p.

None.
E. Soalhirertb, a.p. ■ST

W.U.Klcliardi,a.p.%

4oi K la^ 2

!.-i;p^.?r-bM

^Mak,]^

j! al t i! *l «

t

I. _r. » -1. 3 -

; Ti^^^-i*?-!

una

Ms«4n 3 z «

:.3:Ta x - -tijot

1876.]

Statistics. ^ Wisccmin ; Wyaming.

•1

N«m«.

i.
I

1

D«.T,I8JS.

fit™

Kumove.!

•71-7fi.S

■^„.=.™

. i i =

III!

ill

ill

%

m

Pike Or.jv(,
Bolllvan.Bntk RIt

18*

M. Cadwolndcr.

\

«;

1

1

1

Hlmn) H. Dlion, Rlpon.

iToit.

JImakllu B. Doc, B

BBbvtEnnlsll.Ponddu I
Vrad W. Falr«eld, Dutfut
B. B. Froieh, lUliri '

jn. ICiuiiiallB.

W. W. .ToB«. aUadile.
Junes Kllboui
■lonu*. Bi '

Thentn LooiaUi li

Henrr Q. UoAttbn
.T. UcOhnney, On

Wllllun E. licrrli
Call., RJpoD.

iroe. «ty i

SinOlART.

Cbdkch Membirb: <
l^lSntMeat. Lou,

REHOVAUI IH 1811-6

FnaUln B. Monon. Ijcuitiats

Smith NortoOi lUpon.
A. A. Oicrtoo. ktuioadL

Ohdrcbe*: Kt witti putsni 123 vich utlag pMlon; 49 mcut (inoludlng 11

WlUlun PorMr, ProT., 3e1oll
Hanry fullin, Wlnn«onna.
LeoDord L. Radcllffo, Hon

dori.
Edward P. Bnlnon, BeloH.

JedsdfKh D. ttlcTeni, BuloK,
InTrney, BLoomlDglon.
T. A. Wsdawnrlh. Uren-lon.
Jeremlih W. Wnlcoti, Rlpon.
G. W. Waln«ri,hi I>»nfctd.

■Willi un Wi
J.H. Wiiennu,
B. U. W<;b>tor, I
H. A. Wbtiu, lie
H»ary U.WblLni

B^loll.
Obo. WUIIi
Albart A. '

Jinre

i; 67 other.. Tot*

Llec

peclded. Total, 11,384, Inc

er. Total, m.
J;33byeicommunJcti(laD. Tota

... „. , _. _. _. .. — , e Miulonary B.-rlety.

(B; Am. Ululaniiy A»H>cl>illon, •l,3TB.ia: Coni. Dn.. tUt.S3; Sduc-n Sdc>t.,
i; Bible aos';, tTSIJM; Sunday Bcboola, fl.Tl'.M; TrKI 8«'y, %1*SA\ oltam,

b'Hokb ExFENau(lMsbDrch».13SI(iitTUr}: tl29.Tt«J)0.

idliiEUpaTa>>DM«*(l<3 chanlMa}: tU4,eso.(n.
nuonr. iVoniaf from th* Uat,— Albkny; BroaUnii
noT Oay'a MlTli. ' '

UlHKTEU : OrdlDatlan.
OBGANIZATIOS'.— Th

UUtrlct Conientloo*.

OoHTKNTioN or WiSCOHbII

WYOMING.

OHCROH UEUGBUB' Oaix. 1.

Habbatb Scuool: I>»g, Vt.
OROAiriZATION, - WiU Oa1or»do.

TBiaC TSE tMTKD

1 I

Statistics — MissUmants.

111

i

i

loRTB OdINA. IBM,

B?*ii«. im.

Onll^, Kilnn,
■T Ooodrlsb.Tunpiba,
rtutui.. lUgu.

IBM

ThiHiuu L. OuUck, Bunliuider,

1S70

laai

IBal

1874

isia

lua

, V.Th«Dp»D.E>1gn,

IMS

laea

HnilTA.Bohai.fflBr.BrUnn.

IBS'

18TS

itnon, PuUngfDD,

1971

Albert W.CI.rk,a™z,

>. rortdr, M.D , TlenlllD,

Ell win A. Adunii, Pruiii!,

H. Smith. TlsnUlti.

EdwioO. BI.«ll,D.n.,GruF,

ff. Hum, Ptutinefoo,

I P. 8pr»gat, KaJgu,

IBTl

1873

WraTHW MbiicO, IBTJ,

BOFEAH TCHCET. IBM.

K'£JS!.',"oi^S,-

Ist!

1874

.'k. Lock'B, aimokar,

b.'feK»i^

insB

JuuH K. Etlboiirn, Uontensy,

IBIt

. Bilrd, UoDutlr.

r HoDK, E>kl Z>«n.

itmp Jcnnsr, KaouUr,

1873

Mot cONFECTsn with thb

jATAK. im.

PslerJ. Odilck. JipiiTi,

18J7

J.Qr»no.Tolwb«»,

C»ni. H-Bllo, O.D., Rob. OoU.. Oon-

I H. OnlLtk, Eabe,

18W

isaa

O. Dwrlt. Klyoio,

19«H

AlklbKO, Kob*.

1B68

871

WUIIam Blrd.87rt..

(»W

1868

H. I^mtl, Owk».

\*r._

878

Dwlcl Bll«. CD , Pr... of Sri1.n

iTarlor, H.D., Kab«,
. DII^)^en, 0»k(,

Pral.Coll..B«lrUt.

vsaaru,

Henry H. Parker, Hgnolnlu, U. I.,

1883

1818

1976

187»

1883

I8W

XtlTITEOTSD WITH THB AUXRIOAM UBBIOMART ASBOdATIOir.

Mntni, Wi« I
I Oeorge p. OliAIn,

At Hdhk, anv AMOna tbr KaKBDHEn:
:• BamlMr,(lnii la Ita* UUm, MpoeltUj In (fa* BonUisni BUIh.

x»a> sBuis.— vol. vnL n<x i, i>

IJt

Dm.

CHUECHE^

I ii jii'H 'I jij I j^^lj

ezi;;

lr»r(b Canlloi.

S* IW U 1

1 « I « 1
•^ i« c: 1* A B

T M ts in

S ! 1

U IM 1<

S;IJM*^:

Total*, L'niltd Siiiri,

«r- Tb* number of 7onlpi UlulMUiriM, Ut (Unhiding tbt 3 bi Jimalc*), a* Mt frUliJ
Id (b< Dnllad Htktti Ubla and lata] islQlalen.

Kntc, BlKi,— 1. UcMiof lb* churebM "not inpplled" hare trsnUr public vonbip, bat no
ODD mlalalei ni«a(«d for conllnDOQa Krrlce. Mnny an tn Uie laUrtal betven putontn.

9. llDnt sf (he "taiat pulon " arc pncUall; Um uih m "puion," Ui* HBaam
Mdi In Uia omlulon af forUBl loilnllillDD.

i. Till number of mlnlitcn -'nut Id putoril work" inelade* (wllb ■ few uitborJKd
tlMpll'ina} anlf tbOM wbo kre meinberi of wme AaiocliiliDn or Conftrcnn. Wbcn pcTMiia
not IhDi nrnlan nua lo b* In pulotal Mtrin, ihfj ncccHuilf b«h to b* raporud.

i«76l]

Summarigs of Statistia.

SUHUABT n. — Heubersrif ik 18T5, with AonnroKS akd Removals
DURIKa THE phecedino Statisticai. Yb*s.

cnuii.uMKMUKK.

--xynnn>;^r-

KEU0VAL8.

8TATKB. ETC.

■

1

i

S

1

II

x

1

«'

i

fc

F-

■■!

£_

f

AUh.«a,

*.^4

m

CillfoTMla,

l.Wi

s,«o.

IM

an

OoloruC

3

m

a3,«T-^

ii,n.

b,Tx

1,371

1,3J7

74

3,1M

S'.fa?^""''

tbt

M

33

DIM, OilnmbU,

13

!

26

37

Oranla.

st;

32

m

X

0

12

■T

Idiho.

c

0

0

0

Illlr^tt.

I,M

I3,Wi

2,BV

1,ST5

2,4.'K

l,Di10

US

ifia

Xndlwa,

»1.

1,311

101

«a

l™^

4.eB:

llfV

1S.)1S

1,37:

OS

KUX-H.

1.1)1);

4,380

iOf.

<a:

Mi

*!*.<*».

78

'or

19

l.DM

as

u

e.8i:

13,(1V

iB,Sli

4,01i

ao;

32)

304

0

riir>Uiiil,

2

4

a^M^

11.T71

l,»s

1,131

a,0D(

1,331

2,20S

0.7(3

lelil«»>.

4^T»

ia|»^i

1,441

07;

IW

Innnnu.

l,»

^^;l

877

4B

am

a

130

I,U«

3,08:

MM

H

si:

2
ITO

4ai

36

111

ir.bn.,k^

M.

I,03j

SB*

331

Nniida.

w

a

D

11

Kc* HMBpalln,

6.W

8,441

477

I,OI(

3D0

11

817

Mew 3tnrf.

1.D43

ISt

B.W VorH,

10^1

»;«;

MJiM

ifii

876

2,^1

TIJ

1^11

Xsrth (kroUlu,

2

!

Ohio.

B.soa

ID,*]

»,MI

1,331

S7'

740

OS

1,033

OTr«»n,

'34

2J

IS

IJD

*m

341)

101

t.;

1.3W

S,!1J

4,461

334

BoDth Cunlliia,

^

11

TO

t\

47

T..«i.

1S5

BS

IS

TItihT

R

2!l

4

8,L1T

]a,lu9

11,345

3,202

l,05fl

tii

1,4TO

VW«'£^

'la

n

'w

1

2

■WMhrngtoB Tk.,

6B

BS

ifl

3

SO

-

"W,«V1rgtota,

21

30

s

0

0

0

0

«,a3s

I.fllB

1,913

301

'"

416

IDS

■Wyoming

10

■ 22

"

"

^

_-_

Tot*L..D, B„

lll).Tilli;iT,lJ4

J^S.31^.

4-,.:.

1 7, .10-

V.M'.H

2'.,uir,

5,1 (i-

10,7-7

891

1S,BM

r. bj 11

Id Iho lotal re

loilvo

S. Tho "eicommuTil
nmbrr of pfnoa* whoio nunei an drgppEd honi el
<. In"e>1JbubBchoola,"IawiKparu tha"acerj
S. Ttae ebuTcfaei mnklng no npoFi in Included
Bnnbenhip (If inr %n to-aai In lbs lift pnccdlni
nnt prerloiu lo tbat)- Bui do •lUmiM i( mida of '

luln

□ .IIT

KiTOD, wUh no npon of tb«

'ho

.embcnblp Ihai ,

c»«d> Iha

mm

coedi thD inm of lu pwUcu-

ponl

at.r. by IS.

IhXI

ihnn

jWetUwIrQhnrch

■ola'lon.

irrh

U(h

KeouiitofloDgat

uracy, lb*

wnda

c. " Qdy.

mirloi, wlih pu'

report of

TCP

rl, a

Ibe report

SMUtmaries of SUUistia.

D»

SUHIUBT ni. — Baftibib, Sabbath Scboou, Ain> CoxTUBDTKai.

BAFTJStlB.

C11ARITA6LK

HOHB

3

COSTH1BUT10H9.

KXPENDITDBffl.

eTATKB.rre.

1

II

11

II

1

1

II

II

II

11

AltbHU,

IS

i

I me

4

•TI.OO

s

H4<"i

Crilfoml.,

•,'bo*

I4.k«S.«

OolOrtdn,

1,1)03

m

tl,fflT

as

B»,MS.M

-

Ckou,

4I.W

Di.1. CDlnmbU,

1,500

182,00

"l

T,nui

OMrcU,

w

T

b3»

nil noli.

WJW&M

IW

»o

MT

13.191

iS-b.

t,Hi.a

Bl

4MnJi

62

a

IS

lhl»,

t»

JDfiiA

!01

8VM.00

IWIM.OO

Mttjt

Mui>rbu>etl>.

S,13T

«8,W1

WIcliiBin,

*0S

214

18,ICT

1«

21,81U.«3

lU

tlUMJI

Mlnnciola,

1.1^

s^sMjn

1B411-I*

sir,:!"-

123

loa

46

11,4SD.OT

M

tMlMI

Hebriikk,

IKt

S:?M

4B

l.ftMI,l*

«0

M^nu*

».00

New H>'>t.p>hIiB,

IM

M.2ss.ao

Nt" Jfr«y,

3.S38

11,300.00

M

•i,audg»

N™ TorlL,

«m

84,601

IM

BT,B1W»

Nonh Carolln*,

Ohio.

'iB

S!I*

31,028

1^

ia,iiiB.»

611.41

^1

MMJt

FcnniyinnU,

st.««».n

ejiTa

33

«;eHi!s7

M.«a».4i

Bonlh C«tol)n'»,

ran

TentiBMM,

S6

1M.00

l,XU»

u""'

Vermont,

»a

ISn

19,813

US

40,841 ;»

VIrglni.,

■WMMhKlor T.r.

zea

l^HMI

■Wet Vlrgli.li^

10

1S,3M

14»

1«.»3.M

IM

UB.TMJB

WyoTPlng,

0

TOIAU, U. 8..

8.1*3

s,m

401.WS

~«8"

ti,2Ji,eii.s» 1,020

•i,£S8,uej*

KOTB.— 1. TliaillatI

etlon la pnierred b«li

Mr h.

le Mpen*

I a axppDdluire, u much
3. ThsunonDlof HomBEipendltura

■olel; irhst la ritied b; a cburcb lUcir. ei
8. Th* colamiu for Soma Eipandl

dtfaoUn. Tba lUm ti raporMd In leu th

imballon* for charltabia pntpoM* at
For Inauiiee, money given lo tbe tananl RabbMk
inded by m ehareb In mpporUni iu own 8Bbbalt

doei not rnrio sit tbal ti apent la ■ ginn pUe*, bat

;clD(lvaoral1ouUldeald.

tuna (Inaerted for tba flrat tlni* In 1ST4) tn nay

u bait of Lhe Btatea.

Summaries of StatuticSt

[HART IV.— Cnunna ur thb Statisticii. Tkas 1874^i st Btatis.

UIHIITEU.

S^SoS^"

Bebkvolekt

a

■3

i

pMtor..

1 =

DlBrt.

■§

J

1

TKB, BTC

1

1

i

j

5

1

if

i

KUDUt,

1*

u,

a,.

Un*.
lehDietU.

nn.

1 Ouolisa,

OtqUu,

ral.

iTijtoo Tar.,
Virginia

i

2
U

1

1
ID

0

4

8d:

1,89S
*

m

113

-:

}

i

!

1
j
1

i

:

0

"i

a

4
0

T

«

1

14

'i

0

1

'a

(
\

s
6,s"is

'••£

1.130

"o

at,TI0.S3
lI,silT7

1,100.67
8,«8.BS

as-00

1.028.43

|1.U1^

»4I,10

«u.oa

133;00

i.oas.is
as-oo

SJ4.9S
2,628.00
Mfi&iM
673.M
38».TB

"6.M

c,.U.S-.

->

_■■:■'

■^

:±

_li

_ji

_^M^

im^

»11:i,TS1.2,i

im,,87:ST

■ns K>me deTtoU. LliU of ogw or dropped cburelis* lollow Uie ii

Summarus ef Statutict.

80MMART V. — Statistical Summaries op the Congbkoatiokai,
Chdrohbs in thb Unctkd States as pubusbbd 18S4-1876, tob tub
TB*M 1857-1676.

1

a

caoftoiiKa.

MISISTEIca.

With UimnKiu.

Vacabt.

ll
as

Ik FahtobalWoki.

II

u

iifl

1

II

4

t

Ij

=1
1

1

1

Ij

1

J

1

im

i.3M

oksoi i»

iddedio-

LcUm Putc

n," n«

prectdl

,. T

.11 tpn

hczolan.

n, ■'(

ddlMDn not

rtport*!,-

*bDiiidi»i>

Dilderxl ■!

intn

nrehti

Thefo

InUIBHt*

rk hdI ip*

Bed. .1

CMltT

)«. Thd .

lUtcn whi

ncd,

rkornoW

oil oDlir.

ly Added

colnim

OflhDK

■uHii]

putoralno

tk.

i-rnuss

—

REMOVALS

1

cmjBCB MEMBERS.

TBI 1

^t™'"^*^"^

TOE

EA. PKtC«n.O.

!

1

1

3

1

i

|i

i

i

1

^1

s

1

»,Ul

i-'i

l"'-*

!^."'^!

M^.fi.s

:■";! '!'"

*'.' '^'

M:''j

!!':■!!;'

SM^

1876^] Summaries of Statistics.

StJMMART T. — CONCLDSBD.

183

"1

BENEVOLENT.

HOME

KtPKNDl TUBES.

1

i

1

1!

II

If
fit

11

3iA.»a

"

;;

i.U9^is.:4

tn Ihri Ubis. It will ba (tea tbM It !■ n
■siiul iniiu contrlbuud. Prerlo
galiibuUoni; man; Suui did not

n in exhibit of Ui« D

It tbe llam In tlwlc uAisilillM.

8UUHABT TL — Ahhual Chamqes, as publishbd 18ST-187S,
Trajis 186e-lST£.

cnuEcaKa.

Ml.VlaTKEtS.

Is

BBNEVOLE-TT

?

i

1

i

FulDn.

11

Dil^l.

CONTIUUUTIONB.

li

% i

1

=

1

li

II

!

1

m,mi

i

uiiSi

n

in

SI

1

13

(It

6J.60H.il

»io3,iaajs

ai,4SB.M

We beon oor

In the aboie u

Ue Dait iboTt

'or Dumber of ct

"AetlDc fuu

ti"T«relnolud

Ing vllh the aboTO, iD IttT.

:hF> ore acculotully euch u wen prarlonilr " droppod."

lutlom" nregnUIr dueto DKUaotlOMtallrepoiu. Bse

lei reporting yOLir by year.

" WLtboDt Cluige." In colaDiD of dealhi nntll inS.

i84 Remarks upon the Annual Statistics. \]zsl

BSMABKS UPON THE ANNUAL STATISTICS.

Idabo !■ thii yev dropped flrom tbe Ust, In effioot, th« only ehnreh in tbat TenHoiy haiiBf
become extinct.

Under Ghangee In the BnmmMlet of the eereral Btetee ibould be included amoof

Nkw Ohubchzs. — Tabernacle Church, Worcester, Mau. ; Two Rivera, Minn. ; WUmiaf-
tOD, Penn. Three which appear, ahould not be included, viz. Braidwood, 111.; BraoeviBe,
HI.; Bangor, West, Penn.

Tlie following ohorche* ahonld be included among the dropped : Ooal Valley, IlL ; Wood-
bridge, N. O. ; Summit Hill, Bngliah, Penn.

The Btatistlca of Alabama, Georgia, Miaaisaippi, and Tennessee were furnished us in man-
useript. The printed Minutes of Th4 Central South Conference did not reach ua until we had
gone to preas with the statistics of the above States embraced in that Conference. There are
alight differences between their printed Minutes and the manuscripts ftimished us. In some
respects tbe report given in the Quarierly is the ftiller of the two.

Chubcbks. — The number given last year, 8,403, less 1 in Illinois and 1 in Iowa by error
Isat year, 8,401. Net increase (106 new, less 71 dropped as in Summary IV), 87, Present
number, 8,4^, aa in Summary L

Church Membebs.— Last year, 880,801. Net increase (8,096 increase in thirty States, U
1,074 decrease in ten Statea, as in Summary IV), 7,022. Present number, 888,818, aa in Sum-
mary II.

IK Sabbath Schools. — Last year, 886,388. Net Increase (19,485 increaae in twenty4ive
States, less 2,985 decrease in fifteen Sutes, aa in Summary IV), 16,600. Present numberi
401,888, aa in Summary III.

The reported increase is unusually large, because where a church fidled to report the -,
blank is filled fh>m the report of the previous year. This change has been introduced this
year to make the statistics as to Sabbath Schools conform, in this regard, to the atatiaties given
as to the church members.

Bemevolent CoMTRiBunoNB.— Last year, $1,188,137.76. Net Increase ($118,764.20 in*
crease in thirteen States, less $60,877.57 decrease In eighteen Sutes, as in Summary IV),
$52,876.63. Amount thia year, $1,241,014.89, as in Summary HI.

CoMFABUOHB. I. A» to Cftiircftcs. — 1. The Increase in the fi«m6er of ohurches la toss
than usual.

2. The increase in vMwherekip is greater than in either of the preceding five yeanu

8. The number of additions by profeteion is larger than in either of the preceding aaveil
years.

4. The increase in Benevolent Cmvtribuiione is graUfying.

II. A» to minUtert.'^l, The number slightly increaaea. The increaae appears to be main^
of men not in paatoral service. The number of pastors has diminished ; of acting pastors !&•
creased. The miOority of ordinationt continues (for the fourth year) to be vMumt instalte-
H-tn.

2. The number of dea(^ qfmUUsteri ia 60

i8;6.]

List of Congregational Ministers.

185

LIST OP CONGREGATIONAL MINISTERS IN NORTH

AMERICA.

BXPORTED BY THE 8EVBBAL STATE ORGANIZATIONS.

Tbb Natiohai. Council, in 1871, nnanlmotiBly adopted the following : —

**JU9olvedt That all mioisten in our denomination ought to be in orderly eonnectton with
•ome mlniaterial or eedeaiastical organization, which shall be able to certify to their regular
itanding in the ministry .''

The following appears among the By-Laws : —

" The Council approves of an annual compilation of the statistics of the churches, and of a
list of such ministers as are reported by the several State organizations.**

The following list, in conformity to the above, is made up from the o^pAaNrfieoZ lists printed
by the State Associations and Conferences (not from the preceding tables), sometimes changed
by letters fircMn the Secretaries, with the names of persons regularly ordained since the issue
of the State Minutes. Any omissions (unless by accident) are due to the fact that no organi-
sation reported the names of the omitted.

Licentiates are not included in this list, nor are ministers of other denominations, unlesa
fbey are also members of some Congregational organization, although they may be tempo*
rarily supplying our churches. A list of Licentiates follows this.

Names without post-of&ce address are followed by the name of the State reporting them in
parentbeeea.

Letters for foreign missionaries are forwarded by the respective Boards. See MUtUmary
Herald and American MUHonary for i»artioular directions.

Abbe, IVederlck B., Dorchester, Mass.
Abbott, Charles H., Huntley, 111.
Abbott, Edward, Cambridge, Mass.
Abbott, Edward F., South Ward»borq*, Vt.
Abbott, Ephraim E. P., Merlden, N. H.
Abbott, Jacob, Farmington, Me.
Abbott, Jacob J., Ysrmouth, Me.
Abbott, Lyman, 160 Nassau St., New York

City.
Abbott, T. C, Lansing, Mich.
Abemethy, Benry C, Altona. 111.
Adair, Samuel L., Osawatomie, Kan.
Adams, Aaron C, Wethersfitrld, Ou
Adams, Amos B., Benzonia, Mich.
Adams, Benjamin S., Cabot, Vt
Adams, Calvin C, Pecatonlca, 111.
Adams, Daniel E., Wilton, N. H.
Adams, Edwin A.^. B. (;. F. M., Auttria.
Adams, Ephraim. Waterloo, lo.
Adams, Fredlc H., New Hartford, Ct.
Adams, George M., HoIliston,Mass.
Adams Harvey, Fairfax, lo.
Adams, John, Hillsboro' Centre, N. H.
Adams, John C, Falmouth, Me.
i^dams, Jonathan E., Bearsport, Me.
Adams, Joseph, Corry, Pa. '

Adams, Lucien H., A. B. C. F. M., Central

lurkey,
Adams, Neheroiah. Boston, Mass.
Adams, Thomss, Wlnslow, Me.
Adams, William W., Fall River, Mass.
/kiken, Jumes, Haverhill, N. H.
Aiken, John F., Pawlet, Vt.
Aiken, William P., Vergennes, Vt.
Alcou, William P . Barton Landing, Vt.
Alden, Ebenezer, Jr., Marshfield, Mass.
.Alden, Edward H., Albert Lea, Minn.
Alden, Ezra J., Mt^dina, O.
Alden, Edmund K., South Boston, Mass.
Alderson, James. Central City, lo.
Aldrieh, Jeremiah K., Rye, N. H.

Alexander, Walter S., Pomf^et. Ct.
Allen, Abram Barken Alpena, Mich.
Allen, Asa 6., Clear Lake, lo.
Allen, Cyrus W., West Hanover, Mass.
Allen, Kphraim W., Haverhill, Mass.
Allen, Frederick B., Calais, Me.
Allen, Frederick H., Hartford, Ct.
Allen, Qeorge K., Norton. Mass.
Allen, Krwiu W., Pitcher, N. Y.
Allen, John A., Odell, III.
Allen, John W.. North Woodstock, Ct.
Allen, J. Wing, Leslie, Mich.
Allen, Samuel H., Windsor Locks, Ct.
Allen, Simeon O^ Brooklvn, N. Y.
Allen, Warren, 0«wego N". Y.
Allender, John, Qlenwood, lo.
Alley, Frederick, Wllber, Neb..
Alley, William, Waukegan, III.
Alvurd, Augustus, West Ornnville, Mass.
Alvord, Frederick, Nsshua, N. H.
Ames, M}ircu8. Lancaster, Mass.
Amsden, Benjnmin M.. Manchester, lo.
Amsden, S. U., Peru, Vt.
Anderson, Charles, No. Woburn, Mass.
Anderson, Edward, Quincy, 111.
Anderson, James, Miinchcster, Vt.
Anderson, Joseph, Waterbury, Ct.
Anderson, Kerr C., Milwaukee, Wis.
Anderson, Kufus, Boston, Mass.
Andrews, Edwin N., St. Charles, III.
Andrews, G-eorge W.. Talladega, Ala,
Andrews, Israel W., Murietta, O.
Andrews, Samuel B., Lanesvilie, Mass.
Andrus, Elizur, Angola, Ind.
Angler, Marshall B., Ipswich, Mass.
Annis, Auron H., Walnut Creek, Kan.
Anthony, George N., Peabody, Mass.
Apthorp, Rufus. Ruck Falls, lo.
Archer, M. D., Genoa Bluffs, lo.
Arms, Hiram P., Norwich Town, O,
Arms, Josiah L., Woodstock, Ct.

i86

List of CongregcUional Ministers.

[Jan.

Arms, Wllliftm F., Sandorlnnd, Ma«s.
Armsby, Lauren, Couocil Grove, Kan.
Arrastrong, Frederic A , Greenvjlle, 111.
Armstron^r, Henry, La Poachc Crossing, La.
Armstrong, James, Hopkin<«, Micb.
Armstrong, J O., Wesiern Springs, 111,
Armstrong, Robert 8., Hamil on, Minn.
Arnold, Arthur K., New Rutland, 111.
Arnold, A. 8 , Newton, lo.
Arnold, Henry T.. Providence, R. I,
Arnold, SctU A., Morris, III.
Ashley, George U., North Sprlngflcld, Mo.
Ashley, J. Mils, Sedgwick City, Kan.
Ashley, Samuel 8-, New Orleans, La.
Atherton, Isaac W., Cloverdalo, Cal.
Atkinson, George U., I'ortland, Or.
Atkinson, John L., A. B. C. F. M.. Japan.
Atkinron, William B., Cariha<4e. 111.
Atkinson, Wliliain H., A. B. C.F. M., Weat-

em India.
At water, Edward E., Now Haven, Ct.
Atwood, Eugene F., Arcade, N. Y.
Atwood, Edward 8., Salem, Ma«s.
Atnood, Lewis P., No. Rochester, Maaa.
Austin, David R., South Norwaik. Ct.
Austin, Franklin D.. Dunstable. Moss.
Austin, Henry A., PlvaMnuton, Mich.
Austin, Lewis A., iMcridun, N. U.
Austin, Hamucl J., Wnrrcn, Mass.
Avery, Frederick D., Columbia, Ct«
Avery, Honry, Tonica, 111.
Avery, JarcU R., Groton, Ct.
Avery, J"hn, Ccntml Village, CU
Avery, Wi Ham P., Chapin, lo.
Avoiy, William T , Couwav. Mass.
Ay or, Charles L., Somernvillo, Ct.
A>er, Franklin D., Concord, N. H.
Ayer, Jo«»oph, Somcrsvlllo. Ct.
Aycrs, Milan, Hamlio, Kan.
Ayers, Frederick H., Long Ridge, CU
Aycrs, Rowland, Uadley, Mass.
Ayers, Walter H., Lebanon, N. H.

Babb, Thomas E., Oxford. Mass.
Babbitt. James H., Waits^field, Vt.
Bachcler. F. K. M., Kliliigly, Ct.
Bachtull, W. B , vVursaw, 111.
Backus, Joseph W., Thomaston, Ct.
Bacon, Edward W., Bprixi^flcld, 111.
Bacon, George B., Orange Valley, NT. J.
Ba-'on, Leonard, New Haven, Ct.
Bacon, Leonard W.. Geneva, Switx.
Bacon, William F., Laconia, N. H.
Bacon, Wllhnm N., Hhoreham, Vt.
Bacon. William T., Derby, Ct.
Bailey, Amos J., Hennepin. 111.
Bniley, Charles E., Benzunia. Mich.
Bailey, Georyo H., Grli^gsville, 111.
Bailey, John G., Windsor, Mo.
Bainuni, Geoige W.. Bunker Hill, lU.
Bnird, Enoch K., Mallet Creek, O.
Baird, John G., New Haven, Ct.
Baird, John W., A. B. C. F. M., Turkty,
Ba rJ. Robert G., Lansing, Mich.
Bake, Henry P.. Lockport, N. Y.
Baker, AblJuh R., Dorchester, Mum.
Baker, Ariel A., Kldora, lo.
B iker, Edward P., San Francisco, Cal.
Baker, Kphraim H., Mendota. III.
Baker, John W. H., New Sharon, Me.
Baker, Joseph D., Plymouth, 111.
Baker. Bihis. Standisii, Me.
Bakt'r, Smith, Lowell. Mass.
Baker, William L, Sheftield, 111.
Baker, Zobina. Waushara, Kan.
Baldwin, Abraham C, Hartford, Ct.
Baldwin, Charles H., Medford, Mnsa.
Baldwin, Curtis 0-, Bensonia, Mich.
Baldwin, David J., Iowa BWU* lo.

Baldwin, D wight, A.B. C.F.M., Hawaiian

lalandd.
Baldwin, Flljah C , Branford, Ct.
Baldwin, Henry N., W'/anet. 111.
Baldwin, Joseph B , West Townahend, Vt,
Baldwin, John T., Yreka, Cad.
Baldwin, 'lliomas, Plymouth, N. H.
Baldwin, William O., Main«. N. Y.
Bale, Albert G.. Melrose, Mass.
Ball, John A., River Falls, Wia.
Ballard, Addison, Ea^ton, Pa.
Ballird, James, Grand Rapids. Mieh.
Banfield, John A., Woodland. Cal.
Banks, George W , Guliford, Cc.
Barber, Alanson D , Clarendon, Vt.
Barber, Amzi D., Chagrin FalU, O.
Barber, E., Kan.

Barber, George W., Milwaukee, Wto.
Barber, Luther H., Hanover, Ct.
Barbuur, Henry, London, England,
Barbour, William M., Bangor, Me.
Barclay, Thomas D., Kent, Ct.
Bard, George I., Meredith, N. H.
Barker, Isaac, Rockford, Mieb.
Barker, Nathaniel, Wukificld. N. H.
Barker, b'amuel P., Ionia, Mich.
Barland, Thomas, Eau Cl.drc, Wis.
Barnard, Alonzo, Bcnzonia, Mich.
Barnard, Klihu C, Moline, HI.
Barnard, Pliny F., Westminster, Vt.
Harnard, Stephen A., Lansing, Mioh.
Barnes, Erastus 8.. Unionville, O.
Barnes, Henry E., Worcester, Mass.
Barnes, Jeremiah R., Zumbrota, Mian.
Barnes, John R., Earlvillo, III.
Barnctt, Jame^, Glasgow, lo.
Barnum, Georgr^, Wauseon, O.
Barnum Samuel W.. New Haven, Ct.
Barrows, Allen C . Kent, O.
Barrows, Charles D., Lowell, Mats.
Barrows, Elijah P., Oberlin, O.
Barrows, Georgo W., Elixabethtown, N. T.
Barrows. John H., Lawrence. Mass.
Barrows. John O., A. B. C. F. M., ffeftem

'Jurkey.
Barrows. Simon, Osceola, Neb.
Barrows, Waller M., Salt Lake City, Utah.
Barrows, William, Reading, Mas*.
Barrows, William IL, Hamp'on, lo.
Barntow, Charles, St. John«, Mich.
Bart-au, Sydney H., ZumbroU. Minn.
Bartleit. Dwight K., Albany, N. Y.
Ban let t, Edward O., Piiu<field, Masr.
BartleU, Enoch N., Colorado Springs, OoL
Bartlctt, Joseph, South New Market, N. H.
Bartlett, Lc.avltt, Olathe, Kan.
Bartlett, Lyman, A. B. C. F. M., Turkqf.
Bartlett, Samuel C, Glencoe, HI.
Bartlett, William A., Chicago, 111.
Bartlett, William C, San Francisco, CaL
Barton, Alannon 8., Middlebury, Vt.
Barton, Walter, Suffield, CU
Bascom, Flavel, Ottawa, III.
Bascom, George S., Peru, 111.
Bascom, John, Madixon, Wis.
Ba^^sett, Edward B., Columbus, N. Y.
Basf>ett, John F., Dublin, N. H.
Bassett, William E., Now Haven, Ct.
Batchelder, John 8., Webster, Mara.
Bates, Alvan J., 8aundersxille, Maaa.
Bates, Henry, Plymouth. Neb.
Bates, James A., LowoU, Pawtucket Falli,

M ass.
Bates, Joslah, Santa Barbara, Cal.
Bates, S. Lysander, Newbury. Vt.
Batt, Willi im J., Htoneham, Mass.
Baxter, Benjamin 8., Mauston, Wia.
Baylisp, Samuel. Biooklyn, N. Y*
Bayley, Frank T., Oanandaigna, ST* T«

.]

List of Congregational Ministers.

187

John B., Portland, Ot.
Thomas, New Hampton, lo.
AMXon C, Millloffion, Ct.
Edwin li.. Col.
Georgo L., RooUtown, O.
John W., Norfolk, Ct.
Nathaniel, Woodstock, Ct.
ly, Theodore, Hydesvlllo, Cal.
n. Char lea C, Boatot), Mosa.
n, Warren H., AmbcrAt, Mats.
David M., South Framingham, Mass.
Bbsnezcr, Fort Falrlield, Me.
Phineas A., Chandlerviile. 111.
Augustas P., Syracuse, N. Y.
, Edwin 8., Brooklyn, Ct.
Spencer K., Andover. Mass.
, WUiiam H., South Killingly, Ct.
»ley, Bron^on B , Hartford, Cu
iley, Josiah, San Prairie, Wi*.
ith, Edward G., Waterbary, CU
ith, George A., Neodesba, Kan.
ith. John EI., Maasena, N. Y.
-d, R. C, Vermont ville, Mich.
, Habbard, New LlAven, Ct.
it, Charles, Georgetown, Mass.
tVt Edward, Brooklyn, N. Y.
er, Frederick W., Wellavllle, N. Y.
sr, Henry Ward, Brooklyn, N. Y.
5r, Jamna C, Poughkeep*le, N. Y.
er. Thomaa K., Eimira, N. Y.
pr, William H., Cblcagf>, lU.
lan, James Ct Byron, IlL
1. Henry, Park ville, L. I.
liram. West Chester. Ct.
ames M., North Hadley, Mass.
fewion H., A. B. C. F. M.. EaBtem

Robert C, Darien, Ct.
Samuel, Attloboroagh, Mass.
Samuel B.. MansAeld, O.
3alathiel D., Sterling, 111.
n, Irving L., Murriaania Station, N. Y.
lict, Lc'Wli*, Aurora, HI.
lict. Thorn us N., Aqucbogue, N. Y.
lict, William A.. Sutton, Mass.
tr, Edward A., North Sprir gfield, Mo.
!tt, Ethan O., Crawfordsvilte, lo.
!tt, Henry 8., Nashville, Tenn.
>tt, John, Calrolen, Mo.
»tt, Joseph L , Niagara, N. Y.
tt, Matthew, Baraboo. Wis.
in, Almon, Centre Harbor, N. H.
»n, Henry, Binghamton, N. Y.
tn, Hnmcr H., CrawfbrdsviUe, Ind.
Geoive, Sen(>ca. Kan.
<n, John K., Oakland, Cal.
•n, Joseph A.. Oakland. Cal.
•n, I^dyard E., Unknown,
r, James S., Red Bluffk, Cal.
^y, Daiiit'l. Port Sanilac, Mich.
'. AuguAtuff, TeUiam, N. H.
ford. L<-vi F., Europe.
icU. Simon S., Fort Atkinson, Wis.
e. Jacob A., Milford, Ct.
ell, John B., Turner Junction, 111.
ow, Andrew, Southboroafrh, Mass.
ow, Apahel, Hancotk, N. H,
ow, Dan.! W., Piich^jr, N. Y.
•ifncr. J. K., Mendi, iTeatem Africa.
gs, Richard S., Dalton, Mass.
an, IrnC , Toledo. O.
mm, Charlei! M., Millburn, 111.
•am, Egbert B.. Rockvillc, Ct.
i.am, Hiram, Jr., A. B. C. F. M., MU
neaia.

lam, JopI S , Dubaque, lo.
lard, Willam M., Washington, D. C.
I»aae, Great Barrington, Mass.
WlUiua, AfTio.

Blrge, Eben C, Londonderry, Vt.
Bisbee, Charlea G., Syracuse, Neb.
Bisbee, John H., Hnnilngton, Mass.
Bi«ibee, Marvin D., FisherviUe, N. H.
Biscoe, George S., Tipton, lo.
Biscoc, Thomas C, HolUston, Mass.
Bissell, Charles H., Troer, lo.
Bissell, Edwin C, A. B. C F. M., AuttrUh
Bisscll, Oscar, Marlborough, Ct.
Bisffcll, Samuel B.S., NorwalK. Ot.
Bittinger, John Q., Haverhill, N. H.
Blxhy, Alanson, AshviUe, N. Y.
Bixby, Joseph I'., Norwood, Mass.
Bixby, Solomon, Petersham, Ma«s.
Blagden, George W., Boston, Mass.
Blair, John J., Milltown, Me.
Blaisdell, James J., Beloit, Wis.
Blake, Charles M., San Francisco, Cal.
BUke, Henry B., Wilmington, N. 0.
Blake, Jeremiah, Oilman ton, I. W.,N.H.
Blake, Joseph, Gilmanton, N. H.
Blake, Lyman H., Mcthuen, Mass,
Blake, Mortimer, Taunton, Mass.
Blake, S. Lcroy, Concord, N. U.
Blakeley, Josioh B., A. B. O. F. M., Foo*

Chnw,

Blakely, Qtiincy, Campion, N. H.

Blakeslef, Newton T., Mason City. lo.

Blakeslee, Simuol V., Oakland, Cal.

Blako^ley, Linus, Topeka, Kan.

Blanchard, Addison, Camborlnnd Mills, tfe.

Blanchard, George P., Saco, Me.

Blanchard, Jonathan, Wheaton, III.

Blenkarn, William T., Dover, 111.

Bliss, Ashcr, Onoville, N. Y.

Bliss, Charles R., Wakefield, Mass.

Bliss, Daniel, Beirut^ Sitria.

Bliss, Daniel J., Peru, Mnss.

Kliss, Edwin E., A. B. C. F. M., Turkey,

Bliss, J. Henry, Clinton, Ct.

BlisH, Beih. Berlin, Ct.

Blodgutt, Constantino, Pawtuoket, R. I.

Blodgutt, Edward P., Greenwich, Mass.

Bludgett Henry, A. B. C. F. M., North

China.
Bloodgood, Abraham L., Monroe, Mich.
Boardman, George N., Chicago, 111.
Boardman, Joseph, North Craftsbury, Vt.
Bodwell, Joseph C, Hartford, Ct.
Bodwell, Joseph C, Jr., Stockbridge, Mass.
Bodwell, Lewis, Clifton Springs, N. Y.
Bolster, William H., Wtscnt-set, Me.
Boltwood Henrv L , Princeton, III.
Bonar, J>imes B., Now Miiford, Ct.
Bond, A Ivln, Norwich, Ct.
Bond. Elios, A. B. C. F. M., Hawaiian

lalanfh.
Bond, John J., West Spring Cret-k, Pa.
Bond, William B., New Braintree, Mass.
Bonney, John R., Bronson, Mich.
Bonney, Nathaniel G.. Falls Village, Ct.
Booth, Edwin. Ada, Mich.
Borchers, Krncst F.. North Yarmouth, Me.
Borden. Kdnnund W., Mlflland. Mich.
Bordwell, Daniel N., Olivet, Mich.
Boss, Thomns M., Tutnam, Ct.
BoBwell, John R., Union Centr.», N. Y.
Bosworlh, Quincy Nf ., 01m*tod, O.
Bohworih. W. A., Dcering, Me.
Bourne, James R , North Stonlngton, Ct.
Hoiirne, Shcrnjn-'hub, Patc^^on, N J.
Bouton, Nathotiiol, Concord. N. H.
Bowers, Albert. Huntington, W. V.
Bowers, John M., Parkcr«»»urg. lo.
Boworsox, James O., Fitrhviile, O.
Bowker, Samuel, Salem, N. H.
Bowler, Stephen L., Machias, Me.
Bowman, George A., South Windsor, Ct.
Buyd, Pliny 8., Amssbnry Mills, Mass.

i8S

List of Congregational Ministers.

[Jan.

Boynton, Oharlea 6«» (SnoiDnati, O.
BoyntoD, Francis H., Raynham, llasa.
Boynton, Oeorge M., Newark, N. J.
Boynton, Lyman D., Nashoa, lo.
Brace, Jonathan. Hartford, Ct.
Brace, Beib 0., Fhlladelpbia. Pa.
Bradford, Amory H., Montclair, N. J.
Br>idford, Benjamin F., Seneca Falls, N. Y.
Bradford, D. B., Bangor, N. Y.
Bradford, Moees B., Mclndoe's Falls, Vt.
Bradley, Charles F., Derby, Ct.
Bradnack, Isaac R., Buff<ilo, K. Y.
Bradshaw, John, Chicago, IIL.
Brad«haw. J. W., Batavla, III.
Bragdon, John, Hillsborough Bridge, N. H.
Brainard, Ezra D., Middlebury, Vt.
Brainard, Timothy G., Grinncll, lo.
Braman, Milton P., Auburndale, Mass.
Branch, Kdwin T., Grand Ledge, Mich.
Brand, James. Oberlin, O.
Brandt, Charies B., Farmington, Ct.
Brastow, Lewis O., Bnrlington, Vt.
Brastow. Thomas E.. Sherman Mills, Me.
Bray, William L.. Clinton, lo.
Breckinridge, Daniel M., Fort Dodee, lo.
Breed, Charles C, East Pawpaw, UL
Breed, David, Middlebarv, Ct.
Breed, D. Payson, Uiica, Mich.
Breed, Samuel D., Rochester, Mich.
Breese, James T., Milwaukee, Wis.
Brcmner, David, Boxrord, Mass.
Brewer, James, Lee Centre, 111.
Brewster, William H., Geneva, HI.
Briant, 8. Ingersoll, Hartford, Vt.
Brioe, J. G.. Winchester, Ind.
Brid?man, Henry M., A. B. C. F. H., JfHca,
Bridgman, L.. Richland, Dak.
Brier, James W., Sen., Grass Valley, Cal.
Brier, James W., Jr , Grass Valley. Cal.
Briggs. William T., Bast Douglas, Mass.
Brigbam David, South Plymouth, Mass.
Brigham, Levi, Troy, N. H.
Brintnall. Loren W., Independence, lo.
Bristol, Richard C, Colorado Sprinsrn, Col.
Bristol, Sherlock, San Buenaveutura, Cal.
Broad, L. Payson. Baldwinsville, Mass.
Broadwell. Homer J., Stanwich, Ct.
Bromfield, Edward T., New York City.
Bronson. (Jeorge F., Clinton, Wis.
Brooks, Charles H., A. B. C. F. M., TViritey.
Brooks, Charles S., South Deerfleld, Mass.
Brooks, William B., West Haven, Ct.
Brooks. WilUam M., Tabor, lo.
Bross, Harmon, Crete, Neb.
Brown, Aaron, Coalville, O.
Brown, Anselm B., Ft. Wayne, Ind.
Brown, Alvin H., Jackson, Mich.
Brown, Edward, Wadsworth, O.
Brown, Henry E., Mich.
Brown, Hope, Rockford, 111.
Brown, J. Newton, Talladega, Ala.
Brown, Josiah W., Charlton, Mass.
Brown, Oliver, Kidder, Mo.
Brown, Robert, Leavenworth, Kan.
Brown, Silas C. West Bloomfield, N. Y.
Brown, Theophilus S., Croton, Mich.
Brown, Thomas L., liorkton. III.
Brown, Wiliard D., Gilb«rtville, Mass.
Brown, William B., Newark, N. J.
Browne, John K., A. B. C. F. M., EcuUm

Turkey.
Browuville, John W.. South Bridgton, Me.
Bruce, Henry J., A. B. C. F. M., India.
Bruce, Wallace, Winnebago Agency, Minn.
Bmniige, Hiram A.. Great Bend, ^n.
Brunker, James. Salineville, O.
Brush, Jesse. Berlin, Ct.
Braske, Augustus F., Charlotte, Mich.
Bryan, Georga A., Weatbrook, Ct.

Bryant, Albert, West SomerviUtt* Mm«.
Bryant, Sidney, Vermillion, O.
Bryant, Stephen O., Qrandvllle, lOeh.
Buck. Samuel J., Grinnell, lo.
Buckham, James, Burlington, Vt.
Buckingham. Samuel G., Springfield,
Budington, William I., Brooklyn. N. Y.
Bufftim, Frank H., East Hartford, Ct.
Bugbey. Will S.. West StowarUtown, N. H.
Bulfinch, John J., Freeport, Me.
Bull. Richard B., Geneva, Wis.
Bullard, Asa, Boston, Mass.
Bullard, Charles H., Hartford, Ct.
Bullard, Ebenezer W., Stockbridge, ICasa.
Bullions, Alexander B , Sharon, CU
Bumsteaid, Horace. Atlanta, Ga.
Bunnell, John J.^iddleville, Mich.
Burbank. Justin B.
Burbank, Lysander T., Hemdon, Va.
Burdeti, Gabriel, Ariel, Ky.
Burnard, William H., Aleona, lo.
Burnell, John C, West Farmington, O.
Burnell, Thomas S., A. B. C. F. M., MO'

dura,
Burnett, C. C, Fairfield. lo.
Burnham, Abraham, East Concord, N.H.
Burnham, Charles. Fayeltevllle, Vt.
Burnham, Jonas. Farmington, Me.
Burnham, Michael, Fall River, Mass.
Burr, Albert, Kan.
Burr, Almon W., Hallowell, Me.
Burr, Austin H., Franklin, N. H.
Burr, Knoch F.. Lyme, Ct.
Burr, Wlllard, Oberlin, O.
Burr, Zalmon B., Southport. Ot.
Burrows, Edwin B.. Mt. Vernon, O.
Burt, Charles W., Mott*s Corners, N. Y.
Burt, Daniel C, New Bedford, Man.
Burt, David, St. Paul, Minn.
Burton, Horatio N., Sandusky. O.
Burton, Nathaniel J., Hartford Ct.
Bush, Charle« P.. New York City.
Bush, Frederick W., Covert, Mich.
Kushee, William A.. Brookfield, Vt.
Bushnell, Albert, Chicago, 111.
Bushnell, Alexander, Blandinsville, HI*
Hushnell. Georg^^, Beloit, Wis.
Bushnell, Horace, Hartford, Ot.
Bushnell, Horace, Cincinnati, O.
Bushnell, William, Boston, Mass.
Buns, Henry, Creston, 111.
BuBser, Samuel E., Saranac, Mioh.
Butcher, William R., The Dalles, Or.
Butler, Daniel, Waverly, Mass.
Butler, Edward P., Lyme, N. H.
Butler, Franklin, Windsor, Vt.
Butler, Jeremiah, Fairport, N. Y.
Butterfleld, Horatio Q., New York Oily.
Buxton, Edward, Webster. N. H.
Byington, Bxra H., Brunswick. Me.
Bylnijton, George P., Westford, Vt.
Byington, Swift, Exeter, N. H.
Byrd, John H., Lawrence, Kan.

Oadwalader, John, Lake City, Minn.
Cadwalader, Morrii, Pil?o Grove, Wis.
Cady, Calvin B., Georgia, Vt.
Cady, C. Sidney, Strongsville. O.
Cady, Daniel li., Arlington, Mass.
Cakebread, George, Mount Pleasant, lo.
Caldwell. James. Post Mills, Vt.
Caldwell, William E , Clio, Mich.
Calhoun, Newell M., Cleveland, O.
Calhoun, Simeon U.. Sffria.
Calkins, Lyman D., West Springfield, Mass.
Callan, Michael J.. Hadlyme, Ct.
Cameron, Daniel W., Minerville (Moriah),

N. Y.
Cameron, John H., New Riebmond, WU.

I8A1

List of Congregational Ministers.

p. Clwrlei W„ Waahes

., Wli.

Cinipbell, Alonniti _ _ _
Oiii-pbcll, DanlLl A., PIqo Kivor, WH.
Ciinijil.Dl1, Unbrle], ULnneapolli, E I>..UInn.
C«oipb*ll, Houry V., Franco. lonii, N. B.
Cmpboll, Ji.n)»i, Cerncn. Mich,
,. „_ 1_. ).port,Mi»«.

CmnpbcU, Ksndolpb, Newb Dry port,
Ompbell. W. A. 1,., Uxwn, tia.

CinQeld, PliU^VuhliTgfa"l !□.
-CuiAeld, ThomU H., Uutcatlni'. Ii>.
CupivD, Wllltun g„ A. B. O. F. M., Jfndt
CuEy, iMic B , HiinUbiirgt. O.
CirlloD, Iinel, tlUck, Uo.
CirmlobMl, Jobs U^ Bpub, VHb.
CuprnUr, Cbarlu D., Fnbody, Mui.
Citpsatitr, KlbriilBi) O. ■ WlDttinm, Ii>.
Cupemsr, £. irHiie, Bituisy, N. U.
Cupeour. H., Dmliy. K. T.
CWpar. Andrei*, Lawrepcs. Run.
Orr.WlllUmO., BinislradPr—'* w '
Cur, VllUwn T., New Bxno,

Cuur, Clark, Lawrence, If aM.
Cular, Nalban F., Bsllawi Falli. . k.
Caner, ('bnbael, Nortb Bcrgeo, M. Y.
Cue, Albert U.,Bharc>B,wri.
CaH, Hulan F., Brlsfleld, 111.
Cuae.HonMtoll., AUen-anmca. w<..
cue, Rnfiu, Eobbardah

CullD, WllJlaiD E.. Oni ,

OanniD, Obulea, Lomhanl, lit.
Cbadfliwk, Emery O.. Wellfleet, Ifui.
DuifeTiTbeniaa, Morsan. O.
Cbalmen, Jolm B., Blddcrord, «.».
Cfatlmere. Wllllun I., Klrettaead, L. I.
CtawnberWn, Benwetl C. H. Btoamficld, O.
CbamberlalD, Chartea. Baal Oranby, Cl.
CbUDberlaln, Edward B., Sbaron, Vt.
ChamberUIn, Jubn P.. Oueo, Wl>,
Chamberlaltii Jailiaa U.,OriDncll. lo.
Chamberlain, Leander T., Chknga. 111.
Cbamberlln, William A., Onetda. III.
ChanplalD, Oliver P., Sleepy ETe, Minn.
Chandler, Angnatni, BTntllcboro', Vl.
~ -- - dcrioD,. KenilTigton, N. H.

Chan

, Lneli

Chapln'

Ohipln, Nalhati
Chapln. Eoiwel

Chapman

Chapmui

, jDBeph, Sailnn'

tlrcT, Vt.
1. Minn.

'Tmoaa, Uaaa.
S. H.
r, MlDH.

^k W.. Rocky Hrll, Ct.
Clnfiton N. H.

Cbsae, Let I a., Dnmmeriton. VI.
Cheeaeman, John U., Frtdcnla, Ku.
CheHbrnugh, Amoa S.. Veroon, CU
Cbew, Jamea, Ottawa, Ban.
Cblekering, John W., Wakeflcld. Maai
Chlckerlng. John W., Jr., Waahington, D.i
Child. Troman D., Taledo, lo.
Cnlld, Wlllard. Crown l-olni, N. T.
CbthU, Alexander C, Orfordrllle. N. H.
CMIda, Jamea B., Bo. Byfletd. Uaaa.

lan, R.. ManDlDg, Jewell City, Ct.
e, WaihlnatoD, Uanebeater, ET. B.
... ,1 w ■"•lery Point, Ma,

'.. A. U. A., JfmiH.

B.. XewFalraeld.Ct
!>..8talTord, CI.

ClalHin, Qfoi

iW.,Wa.flrlj. r
Clapp. Lniher, Waiiwaloia, W
dark, Albert W., A. B. C. F. &
Clark, Allen, Biidcepo ~

Oark, Ell B.. Chlcopea, Uau.
ClBTk, Frank Q., Klndge. N. H.
Clark, Oeorge, Oberlln, 0.

, Joili

nn. Mair

Clar:

Clar , ,__ .

Olark,Ne1ion,Btl11 Water, Minn.
Clack, Orlando. Vinton, lo.
Clark, Be re no D.. Temple, N. H.
Clark, eDlDmoD.FIalnfleld.Uaai.
l;lark,Thaidore J., tfonbflcld, Uav
Clark, William, Amhcn', N, H.
Claik. William, Newbory. Vt.
■^lark, William J., Reno, Her.

Clark,

n. B.I.

Clark, Samnel W., Warwick. UaM.
Clark, WilUnm H., arl«wold, Ci.
ClarkMin, Jobn F.,Haillnn, Neb.
Clay, Daniel, Terrebonne, Lt.
Clayca. Dana. Wakefi' Id, Hau.
ae»1aiid, Jnmi'K B., EenalnRton, Ct.
a, Wmiaoi K., Ealor>,N. Y.

Cobb, Botnn, K...

Coble'lgh, Ncl.on F„ Mnrsha,.lj, Vl. '
Coehian, Robert, Aunlnborg, O.
Cochrtn, Warren, (Neb.)
C.idloglon, (JeoreaS.. Dell Rapldi, Dak.
Coe, David H.,Now York Clly.
Cngln. Wnilmn S., Boiford, Ma.i.
Co^well, EUi.tC ,K<:ithwood, K, II.

Colbom, Ba'nry H., WaaUogion, N. H.

190

List of Congregational Ministers.

[Jan.

Oolbnrn. MofM M., St. Josepli, Mich.

Colby, John, Fltzwllliam, N. H.

Ck>1o, Albert, Coruisb, &[e.

Cole, Koyol M., A. B. C. F. M., Eattem

Turkeif,
Colo, Samuel, Rnndolpb, O.
Coloman, Ono A., Lanark, 111.
C itcraan. William L., Spencer, To.
Collie, Joseph, Delavan, Wl*.
Collli r, John L., North FaltfleM, O.
Collinn, Aui;u8tu« B., Norwalk, Ct.
Collins, Charles T., Cleveland. O.
Collins, William IT., Quincy, 111.
Colmnn, George W.. Neponsot, I\\.
Colton, Anron M., Ka<«thampton, Mass.
Colton, KrastuB, Winington. Ct.
Colton, Theron O., Hunson, Mioh.
Colton, Willis 9.. Washington, Ct.
Coltrin, Nathani'l P., Sandoval, 111.
Colwcll. John W., W, Concord, X. H.
Comly.Ezra, Tynon Mills. lo.
Coroslock. Diivillo W., Adrian, Mich.
Conant, ('harlcs A., E.ist Amherst, Mass.
Conant, Liba, Orford, H. IT.
Condon, Thomas, Forest Grove, Or.
Cone, Luther H., FprlugfioM, Mass.
Coiiklingr, Bonlamin D., Whitewater, Wis.
Connell, David, Plymouth, Vt.
Connt'tt, Altred, 8ol»berry, Tnd.
Conrad, Ch )rle« E., Quincy, 111.
Con \crKC, John K., Burlington, VI.
Cook, Jonathan B., Bcbmn, K. H.
Cook, Nehemiah B , Ledyard, Ct.
Cook, yilas P., Ludlow. Vt.
Cooledgo. Charles E., Weotminotcr, Mass.
Cooley, Henry, Springfield, Mass.
Cooley, Henrv E , North Leominster, Mass.
Coolev, O. W., Glen wood, Jo.
Coolidgo. Amos H., Leicester, Mass.
Cooper, James W., Lockport, N, Y.
Copoland, Jonathan, Dunlap, lo.
C»peland, Jonathan, liochestcr, N. Y.
Coidell, James G., Schenectady, N. Y.
Cirdley, Richard, Flint, Mich.
Cornell, William M., Boston, Mass.
Cornwcll, Uanc D., Hancock, N. Y.
Corwin, Eii. Jacksonville, 111.
Conch, Paul, Jewett City, Ct.
Coulter. Cyrenlus N., Atwood, Mich.
Countryman, Franklin, Prospect, Ct.
Covey. John H., O'Brien, lo.
Cowun, John, Kssox, Vt.
Cowan, John W., Marblehead, O.
Cowles, Chauncy D., Farmington, Ct.
Cowlcs, Uonry, Oberlin. O.
Cowles, John G. W., Cleveland, O.
Cowlt's. John P.. Ipswich, Mass.
Cracrafl, J. W., Korwalk^ O.
Cragin, Charles C.. McGregor. lo.
Cruig. Henry K., Falmouth. Mass.
Crane, Charles D.. Watcrville, Me.
Crane, Kihan B , South Meriden, Ct.
Crane, Kendrlck H., Goodrich, Mich.
Crane, Henry C, Franklin, Mass.
Crane, James L., Bedford. Mich.
Crane, Jonathan, Kalamazoo, Mich.
Crang, Frederick, Astoria. Or.
Cravath, Brasius M., A. M. A., New York

Ciiy.
Crawford, A., Big Hill, Jackson Co., Ky.
Crawford, Otis D., Bedford, Mass.
Crawford, llobert, Deorfidd, Mass.
Crawford, Sidney, Lyons, lo.
Creegan, Charles C, wakeman, O.
Cressman, A. A., Clarksfield, O.
Crier, George, North Norwich, Ct.
Croft. Charles P.. Hartford, Ct.
Orosbyt James H., Lincoln, Me.
Crosby, JoaiAh D., Ashbornham, Miss.

Cross, Gorham, Rlcbvllle, IT. T.
Cross, John, Farraington, lo.
Cross, Joseph W.jWorcester, ]
Cross, Mose-* K., Waterloo, To.
Cross, Koselle T., Hamilton, N. Y.
Crofs, Wellington It., Orono, Me.
Cross, William H., Holllter, Cal.
Croswell, Micah S.. Sonoma, Cal.
Crowley, T., Rocklln. Cal.
Crowth'T, Thoma*, Brooklyn, N. T.
Crum, John H., Antwerp, N. Y.
Crumrlno. John T.
Cruzan.John A., Wllllam^port, Pa,
Cummingn, Ephraim C., Portland, Me.
Cummingfl, Henry, Strafford, Vt.
CummlngH, Hiram, Pilot Hill, Cal.
CummingA, J. M., Civil Bend, lo.
Cunnlngnnm, John, Sweden, N. Y.
Currier, Albert H., Lynn. Ma»s.
Curtice, Corban, Tllton. N. H.
Cunis, Asher W., Fast Troy. Wis.
Curtis. Charles D.. Hocklngport, O.
Curtis, Kthan, Camden, N. Y.
Curtis, Walter W., North Walton, N. Y.
Curtis, William O., Kichmond. Me.
Curtis, William, Calumet, Mich.
CurtisR, Chorles B., Jnck-onville, Fla.
Curtiss, Daniel C, Fort Howard, Wis.
Curtliis, George, Ilarwinton, Ct.
CurtUs, Oils F., Avoca, Wis.
CurtisiP, S^mnel I., Union, Ct.
Ciirtis% William B., North Guilford, OU
Cushing, Christopher, Boston, Mass.
Cushman, Cherer L , Phillipston, Man.
Cuehman, David Q.. Bath. Me.
Cui<hman, John P., Troy, N. Y.
Cuehman, Rufus 8., Manchester. Vt.
Cutler, Brainerd B., Wendell, Mast.
Cutler, Calvin, Aubnrndnle, Mass.
Cutler, Charles. Burton, O.
Cutler, Ebenezor, Worcester, Mass.
Cutler, E. R.. Moldcn.Ill.
Cutler, Temple, Athol, Ma«B.
Cutler, William A., D.ill«s City, HI.
Cutler, William H., £a«t Marshfleld, Mass.
Cutter, Edward F., Belf »st. Me.
Cotter, Marshall M., Went Medford, Mats.
Cutting, Charles, Ledyard, Ct.

Daggett, Oliver F.,New London, Conn.
Daly, James A., Painesvilic, O.
Dame, Charles. Centre Point, lo.
Damon, John F., fcsenttle, W. T.
Dana, J. Jay, Hinsdale, Mas*.
Dana, Malcolm McG., Norwich, Ct.
Dana, Samuel H., Newton Highlands, Man.
Danforih, James K.. Philadelphia, Pa.
Dangremond, Gerrct, Fremont City. Midi.
Daniels, Charles II., MontnKUe, Mass.
Daniel!*, Daniel, DundafT, Pa.
Daniels, Henry M., Dallas, Tex.
Daniclson, Joseph, haugerties, N. Y,
Danner, Edgar V. II., Cuyahoga FaUs, 0.
Darling, George, Waupun, Wis.
Darling, L. A., Tongaloo, MIks.
Darling. Walter E., Kennebunk, Me.
Daucorab, Alfred B, Winchester, Maat.
Davenport, John G., Bridgeport, Ct.
Davidson, David B., Grinnoll, lo.
Davidson, Joseph B., Centrevllle, Pa.
Davics, D., Paris, O.
Davies, David D., New York City.
Daviee, David E., Wanamie, Pa.
Davies, D. F., Brazil, Ind.
Davies, Daniel T., Taylorville, Pa.
Davies, David, Parisviile, O.
Davies, David R., Brady's Bend, Pa.
Davies, Edward. WatervlUe, N. T-
Davlw, George, Nabraaka City, Vab.

1976.^

List of Co^regationat Ministers.

T)mr\m, 3. P., DMnllle, Fa.
DiTtH, John A., Pilrlot. O.
SiTln, M. E.. Cambrl.i, WI*.
DiTlM, R. U., Laclede. Ifo.
I>iTle*. Thomiu E., Uiiionvllla. 01.
Dane*, -rbamu «., R™ki»irt, He.
D..Tin, Thwnaa W.. Dawn, Ua.
I>avl>, RliiailiaD, Auburn, Uaaa.

~ 'Hn,Ko«ln(ton. N, H.

\« D., A

U.. Jap.

I>air<>| 1-erlt'T B.','B*<Je l^rli, UaH.
I)a>^, R. Hrntf, GruDbj, Unx.
ItaTtMn, Cbarlx, GreenTillr. lis.
DarlMin, Jonph, RletrKla, Fa.
Carivin, J«ipb B.. UlFtiritl''. Pa.
Dmmer, Kaennar, Dtthton, Uai*.
Diwinn, J.>t,n B.. Odd, Uleh.
X>iy. OMn<^ £.. Kc-iTHavan, Uu
I>"I, Guy B.. Brii(gep--Tt, Ct.
D... Henry N.. N™ H.ven, 01,
Dsr- Hlmm. Chnlhnm, Ua«.
Da*. Pt]ilcmon R., Wat Aron. Ct.
Day, KtHlnry C., Llahnn, N. Y.
Dir. Theedon I., ODdford, C
Day. WarrsD F .Unltni Clly, Uieh.
Dtmn, BcnJomlD A., IfiMty, lo.
Dean, Oanliaar, Wan Oreera, TX. Y.
Dna, Henry B., Chteago. 111.
Dean, OIlTor S.. Indlnnanolli. Ind.
Dean, Snmael C.. Bieole Ctij, Neb.
Dean, W. H., San Franeluo. Cal.
Dean, Wllllnm HI., Bmnereel, Uae*.
Dwuia, Jaip», WeatinorcIiinLl. N. Y.
D'-Berolae, Qabdel H., Norlh Biook

IleKorelt, Heman P., WMIborn', Ua-a.
D^Foreu, Hanry B.. Council BIdA, la.
DcF^reit, Jubn K. H., A. B. C. F. If.,

Dcwty, William, Bri.ml, N. y.
Dcitcr. GrapiiHe M . V-llcln. Cal.
Deitor Umrj St., Sow BoLifoM, Moa
Dcitcr, H. Uorlon, Tauiiloh, Uui.

n, Or

IHeKlnMn, Coi

Dtskeni.aD, Otacn 0..'Owatonnn,M!nB.
"■— ' " ■■— E.. Kliiln, III.

larnuiia F.. Chkacn- III.

Ferdinand W., OraH Lake,

Dlrkliraon, Koadlah U., Sauth Evremoi

Dicklnron, Obfd, BalecD. Or.
Dkklnaon, S.imuol V., Blue laland. 111.

Dtekinaonl William K.', W.l|>n1a,'N.'H.
Dleklnaon. William O., Croatnn, 111.
Dik*, tjaiBUel W., Waat Hand.ilph, Vk
Dlkeman, ChaTiM F., HlUiboro', In.
DllJpy, Aleitndar B.. Orwiia. N. Y.
J'illay, Smidu^I. Renn Centre, Kan.
Dliji.n, J. Lewli, Providence. It. I.
Dlmock. Samuel R. , Central Clly. Col.
Dlnfwell. Jamea, Aabflrld. Ifaaa.
Dtnnnnre, John, WliMkiir, Ue.
IMlon, mnm HI, Blpon, Wla.

Diidie. Ao.tln. fearlon. Vt.
DoitEO, Ri'njiiniln. Wolla-ton, MtH.
MaAws. D. n.. Wllmlnilon, N. O.
Doiliio, Oeoree H.. Hebron, Ct.
Daitgc, Jnhn W., Y-rmouih, Uai*.

B, Chsrioe F., Pnn

1. O. F. 1C„
r, Ooorpi T., Heading, Uaaa.

DouEhe

a., Colerai

_ _ , -lama*. Pulnikl, N. T.

Douuloa, Tboiraa. Cambridge. 111.
Donglni-, I'ruman O., <1aiige, In.
DoUiiliM. Frnnclt J.. Oeiron. Wli.
Douvlnea. John A.. W^iiarford. Ut.
T>ouglnu, Holomon J.. New Haven. C

T. Willli

1 W., Doin

DDwdon. Wm. H., Eaat JnffTey, N. H.
Downa. Aicl, Rirerliead, L. I.
Do<rni, Charlei A., Lebanon, H. H.

Drako Ch^irka W., Angola, N. Y.
Droko, Cyrun B.. HoyKllon, VI.
TrnVB, UII'B It . Ulddliiboro', Maaa

*, John, Big Hill, JnckaoD Co., Ey.

nuncan, AndrcwO„8iuinillI.',Cal.
Duncan, John C, htouibtnn.Wli.
Duncan, Thomm W.. Nelaon, N. H.
Dunlinm, Dwlght, Napoli, N. Y.
Duiibnm, liaac, BrLdii.'waicr, Uxia.
Donning, Albert E..Boau>n Hlihlandi, Uaai.
Dunnli«, HomerK.. Boulb Korwolk, CI.
I>uren, Cliiirlca, (4 run by, Vl.
Durfoe, Cnlvin, Wi]llanii.unn, Mai*.
Duatan, George, t>terbaro', N. H.
Dutton. Albert I.Eut Li^igmendsw, Uaaa,
Dutton, Homea. Northborougli, Uaaa.
liwlgbl. Edwnrd B.. Hadlcy, Uoi.
DwiKhl. V. KTcn «. Ornnrgi, 111.
Dwigtii, Tlmolhy, .^'ew HaTtm. Ct.
Dwiuoll. lan.ol E., 8acr:.mi'nto,Ca].
Dwhinall. Solonion A., lleednburit, WIl,
Dyrr. Rdmuiid. Alamo, Uleh.

List of CfHgrf£ationai Ministers.

Uml

p. Wim»ni R.
DsTll A.. Di
Cf mi a., Fal

IviDlDKOtt. Wui

Plan Uyi lid, Ct.
bury, CI.

K»tr>n, Jnmi.«D., PortUnd. Or.
KatOD, Joifph M. R.. UedlleLd, &
E>laa, B:>miiel W.. LsncMlcr, \\
EbK Ednard, Plain field, II).
Bo .b, Jamm H., Augn.ui, Me.
Bddy, Hlrum. Jerai-y CJly. N. J.
Eddy. KHchirr, Dctrull. Ulch.
Edgar, John C.. Hoalli, Uaaa.
Kdaon, Honry K., I>6iTidnrk, lo.
Ednarda, Ooarge L., ^siang Ho]

Edwi

I, Ktat
XwKit, John, Shar<

' Lrda.Joniihui.PhlladcIpbl*,
— - —-'-ird, Prln— — '■•

I. F. 11., Wtltrrt

Bdi
Ed'

Ed

EdnnU, Thnn , ..

Bdwirdi.WIltlun, Sjr»

Edvirdi, WIlllBm P., Ulnenl Rldi«, O.
Belli, OusMnE, SkokOTDlifa, W. T.
Belli, Dudley B , SabulL lo.
E«lla, Myron. Bkokomliti, \7. T.
Bnleaton, Nathaniel H,, ECaDald, Ot.
Elder. Hugh, Bslcm. Uom.
Eldcrklu, John. HIddleluwn, Ct.
EldriHlge, Emirnui D., KenilngloD, (f. H.

ElUot^ Henry's.. Btonin^ni Cl.

ilonbory, Ct

Ely, Joa.

ID M., Oborlln, O.
lorth, Alfred A., Waterloo, lo.
ir. Hiram. Olivet, Mich.

. u Chenango Forki.N.T.

,., RMShenter, N. T,
lerlo £.. tfechmnle Falla, Mo.
Encrick, Jomb, Betheada, Ky.
EmeriDi., Airred, Loncatler, Uasa.
Emcraon, Charlea H., Cnlghloa, tfeb.
Bmeraon, Edvard B.. Rtrairord, Ct.

Emeraun. Thgmu A., DfjiIdUcs, Ua>a.
Emery, JoihUB. North Weymoulh, Mnaa
Saery, Bimuel H., Ko. Ulddlebsro-, lia
XmcDDni, Ami) B., Jamaica, Vt.
Emmona, Henry V.. Hall .well, Ua.
BmraDDi. Jobn, Alpine, Ulch.
Enller, Qeerte R. , rraokliu. K. f.

Eitabnnk. Joaeph.rpallanll, ulch.
Elbrldgp, Albert, OAlcago, III.
EuaLli, WUlUm T., BprEigflold, IlH*.
E>ana, B. liaui, Oabkoab. Wl>.
E™db, O. p., Wyiuliklll. N. If.
Ev*na, Daola! A., DrltuiD, Pa.
Enna, Daild E., Plynionlii, Pa.
Evana, E. B., Hyde Park, Pa.

T»ni| John F.rCape Klliab^ih, Me.
nun, Lewla O., Briatol, Ue.

Enoa, R. J.,Long Greek, lo.

Robert, Remi
int. Thonaa, Mineral luu^, u.
ini, Tbomaa W., Columbua City, to.
jla, NMbauiel E., CaHnth, Mlab.
iru, Renben, Ranaom, lllcb.
Tdell, Robert, Fond du I^n, W\t.
.'—<- Aa B., Ludlow 111.

Charlee H., Bn>akljm^IT. T.

kia B., Ludlow 111.

liarlei U., BnMklyn.
KvcrrU, Robert, Bemaen, if. Y .
Enni, Horlli E., P^tUBeld, 0.

E».:],jr ■ ■ "

Sdward C, Eufleld, Uua.

■irbanka, Edward T., 8

. jDbnabnry.TL

\., Indiana, Fk.
T., Uariford, Wli.
Bemeo, Mich.

Falrchlld, 'Edward H.

Falrchlldl Edmund'e
Falrfleld. Frederick^
PaltHeld. Minor W.,:
Falrley. Samuel, Berkley, lU
Palei, E. F.. Carthage, Mo.
l-ilkner, Blahop, Brooklyn, S. T.
Fatnham. Luther, Boitoa, Man.
Falnaworth. Wllaon A., A. B. a F. IL.

ICeiCn-n Turteii,
Farrar, Henry, Oilead, Ue.
" '-•■- '., DeU River, S, T.

1, Aaa,A

nd, [feb

, J, MUton, Wla.

■R«tt, Jobn, Cedar Bprlagi, ICIeh,
irtei, Frandi, Olbo, lo.
r, Henry C, Townaand, Uua.
f, L.'vl L.. Mou Run, 0.

luel G..O

m,m.

Fellowi, Bileiiui a.. Wanregnn. OL
Fenn, William H.. PoriUnd. Me.
Feriln, Clark K., Hlnetburgh, VL
Fetrl*. H. Q., Hrodhead, Wii.
Ferrla, Leanard Z., Oorham. Me.
Feiaeuitan. Bsmuel C, Bluafard, OU
FeiHudan, Thomat K., Fonnlngton, Ot,

Field, A

n. Uubuq

andford, Mail.

amaaCWilml
FiBld.'ThoraaaP.','Noii

FlSeld, Lel>beiiaB„Eearnay Jan«tlo(i,Kiib,
Fliber, Caleb E., Applelon, Wla.
Fl«her, K. W„ Pariafivlllo.N. Y.
Fliher. George E., BanJh Hadley Falla,IIaM
Fliher, George P„ Sew HawnJJt.
Flaber, Qeorgo W., PeaeedalB,Bi L
Fiiher, Oronl)., Cleveland, O,
Flahar, a. V. S., Mooaaha, Wli.
Ftiher, AVillivn F., Rocky Hill. Ot.
Flail, Fnnklln W., Obicaco, III.
Flak, Perrin B., Bprlngfleld. VI.
Flake, Albert W., naherrUle, S, H.
Flake, Daniel T., HewborrpDrt, Man.
Flake, John B., Anamaia, to.
Flake.JobnO., Bath. Me.

FItsh,' Albert, Canlial Olv, Wb.
Flb'h, Charlea H., Nortii Oorriwall, Ct.
Fltah, FnmUln B., BuMford, Ot.

]

List of Congregational Ministers,

193

alvlii R., Blateirllle, R. I.

unet n., Topafleld, Mas*,

rthar G., W. Btafford, Ot.

Iward 8., BoatbHmpton, Mam.

irlee, Jubu W., katit Sa^naw, Mich.

Lnfos C, North Andover, Uaaa.

t. Charles N., WMtmoreumd, N. EL

r, Adin U., Fmitpoit. Mich.

r, B W., Hartland, Mich.

phraim, Jr., EUnsdale, Maaa.

G. A., Jr., 8u>ckholin, N. Y.
V^illinm A., Chesterfield, Mai>8.
, Qeorge De F., Kortbford, Ct.
, Omar W., Newburyport, Maas
Jesse L., Morria, Mina.
Siram, Kockford, IIL
ioratio, Qaincy, 111.
i^aeias. Sacramento, Cal.
tVUIlnm W., Mentor, O.

Bamnel B.. West Wioatad, Ot.
1, Uenrv, Norwich, Ct.
Irancls F.
ame^ T., San Bernardino, Cal.

I, WUIiam, Baeksport, Me.
eorse A., Chichester, N. H.
Addison P., Chelsea, Masc.
Amos* Putney, Vt.
J>avis, Winchendon, Mais.
Bden B., Lowell, Mass.
John, Sedgwick Ci(y, Kan.
L. M., Grand Hapi^, Wis.
Kich««rd B» Osborne C<t>, Kan.
RoBwell, Newton, lo.
Hanfurd, Lake Mills, Wi«.
, '*t^y» Miilbury, Mass.
, WiiUam C., Durham Centre. Ot.
mond K., Deaiie's Comers, UL
red W., Kidgeway, Kan.
, C. W., Atlanta. Ga.
n, Benjamin. Chelsea, Ml'h.
Lucien U., Weymouth, Masts.
James M., Mecca. O.
John, Montreal, Que.
John G., East Toledo, O.
unuel R., Sonthfleld, Mass.
'o, J. G., Cottonwood Falls, Kan.
d, Samuel M., Newton. Mats.
n, George K., Abington, Muss,
n, Illram, lo.

n, .lohn K., Cantcrbuiy, Ct.
n, Joseph. York, Me.

II, Joseph A», Buscawen, N. EL
Edward B., Milwaukee, Wis.
George H., Jolinson, Vt.
Herman A., Milford, N^b.
lijrndon 8., Franklin, Vt.
8. h'rankUn, Tewksbury, Mass

)aac M., Golden Prairie, Jo.
3eni>on Merrill. Beverly. Mass.
Alyah L., Des Moini s, lo.
>ai)iel C, KiiUiigly, Ct.
>Aniel D., Le Mars. ]•>.
^wis P., Raymond, Wis.
•orge v., Kuygit'S, O.
>lland B., Claridon, O.
.\merlous, A. B. C. F. M , CtmiroA
'It'

Francis L., Hamilton. Minn.
Homer T., St. Johnsbury, Vt.
Joseph, Vershire, Vt.
Kobcrt W., Htowe, Mais.
n, Bradford M., Palmer. Mass.
n, Jeremiah E., Souihbrklge. Mass.
Daniel L., Newton Centra, Mass.
, Robert, White aty, Kan.

;^llliam L., Hartford, Ct.
imand. Madison, O.
sham, Lee, Mass.

SECOND SERIES. — VOL. VIIT. NCX It

Gale, Sullivan F., New Marlboro*, Mass.
Gale, Wakefield, Kaethampton, Mass.
Gale. William P., Btellapolis, lo
Gallagher, WilUam, Jr., Bloomington, II!.
Galloway, J. F.. Hamilton, Miss.
Gallup, James A.. Madison, Ct.
Gammell, Serene D., Boxford, Mass.
Gardner, Aojitin. West Suffleld, Ot.
Garland, David, Bethel, Me.
Ganiian, John H., Shutesbury, Mass.
Gar re te, Bdmand Y., La Crosse, Wis.
Usrretson. Ferdinan<i V. D., Bangor, Me.
Garver, Austin 8., Greenwood, Mass.
Gaskell, Junius T., Hartland, Wis.
Gates, Charles H., Kennehunkport, Me.
Gate#, Hiram N , Omaha, Neb.
Gates, Lurin 8., A. B. C. F. M., Wutem

India,
Gates. Matthew A., Warner, N. H.
Gay, Ebeneser, Brldgewater. Mass.
Gay, Joshua S., Centre Harbor, N. H.
Gay. William M., Reed's Ferry, N. H.
Gaylord, Joseph F., Manistee, Mich.
Gaylord, Reuben, Omaha, Neb.
Gaylord, William L., Chicopee, Mass.
Gear, Daniel L. Philadelphia, Pa.
Geer, Heman, Edinburg, O.
Gerould, Samuel L., Gofli$town« N. II.
Gerry. Elbridgc. Bethel, Vt.
Gibbs, Charles. Cedar Falls, lo.
GiddingM, Edward J., Uuosatonie, Mass.
Giddings, iSolomon P., Washington. D. C.
Gidmau, Richard H., Morris, Ct.
Gilbert, Henry B., Mott's Corners, N. Y.
Gilbert, James B., Durant, lo.
Gilbert, Luman C, Faribault, Minn.
Gilbert, N. P., Ilubbardton, Vt.
Gilbert, Simeon, Chicago, HI.
Gilbert, William H., New Haven, Ct.
Gill, William, Mantonville, Minn.
Gillespie, Thomas, Bristol, Wis.
Oilman, Edward W., Bible Douse, New

York City.
Oilman, George P., Watcrtown, Ot.
Gilmorf, J.. Believue, lo.
Gladden^ Washington, S{>rintrfield, Macs.
Gleadon, Anson, Brooklyn. N. Y.
Gleason, Charles U., Sumcrs. Ct.
Gleason, Georg«- L., Mancbevter, Mass.
Gleason, Jnhn F., Williamsburg. M>u«s.
Gllddun, Kiah B., Mamotiold Centr. , Cu
Glldden, N. Dimic, New EUiven, Mich.
Gllnes, Jeremiah, Luneuburgh, Vt.
Goldsmith, Alfred, Went Avon, Ct.
Goodtll. Constans L.. St. LouIh, Mo.
Goodeil, John H., Spenrertown, N. Y.
Goodeoough, Arthur, Wliichesier, Ct.
Goodenow, Smith B., Earl, 111.
Goodhue, Daniel, Burlington, Vt.
Goodhue, Henry A., Webt BumHtable, Mass.
Goodhue, Nathaniel G.. Johnston, Wis.
Goodman, Williton, Nelson, Ind.
Goodnough. Algernon, M., Vallcjo, Cal.
Goodrich, Chauncey, A. B. O. F. M., Sorth

China.
Goodrich, Darius N., Ada, Mich.
Goodrich, John E , Burlington, Vt.
Goodrich, Ltwi-, Warren, Me.
Goodsell, Dana, Philadelphia. Pa.
Goodwin, Daniel. Masoi, N. H.
Goodwin, Edward P., Chicago. III.
Goodwin, llcnry M.. Olivet, Mich.
Goodyear. Geoige, Temple. N. H.
Gordon, Thomas, Fanniiigton, Pa.
Gould, Edwin S., Providenc**, R. I.
Gould, George H., Worccbter, Mass
Gould, Henry A , Hammond, Wis.
Gould, Mark, Nelso , N. 11.
Gould, Samuel L., Bethel, Me.

13

List of Cengrrgational Ministers.

.., Bandwlcb. lU.
.i»nbufgb, Vl

0»Te([ Koiwvll, HbuU, ^M,'
Orawf, J. F.. B.ulford, lo.

Gray! CsItId. Oenuin. KAu!

Qi\j, D. »., Euirens CItv, Or.

QniT.JiimtrB, Oullfuid,0.

Qny, John, l.ynUon. lU.

Qriy.John. SdlbiD, Nob.

Qrecley, EdwirQ 11., Oonoord. S. H.

Onnley, lilcpheii d. S., MiuHela, N. tl.

Oi*>^u«, Albrg L., KltfB, H. Y.

Greene, Diinlcl C, A. U. C. F. M., Jnpafl,

UnEiie, Henry Ci., B*11ardTS[e, Uuw.

ll<:b>rd a., OrsBj
GrWDL-, Wllllsm U., Ocltui
tireeDl.af, Juieph, New Cr

od.JoU

w Ulir^n

, , i.Mue.

-Oregg, Jamei, Uuiuboldi. lo.
Qrkk, Jwum D., Hanfard, CL
Qrenry, Lewii, IJncola, Aeh.
tiflffiu, Kdwud U., WilliknuiloirD, UiH.
'" ~ ~ ■llford, tX

>, Ot,

OilDln.Hoiry L.bei
Uriffla, Nitbiuilel H., n uiiai>»u>»i<, jb— «
UiilUa, Perliry M., VWioiii, Kin.
brlfflltai, Jlenry, Nilliih. Nob.

G(itUiii*,aiiffiiii,HcwiK)it,B^r>

U[lffltfamJiuiwg,tlandu>ky,I(. V.
Oriffliba, J. 11., UoUu.d Pnuul, M. T,
UriBlUia. JuJiii U., Uuncadiia, N. T.
UrlUtba, TbnnKU U., Turin, X. V.
UilBKa, (A'VtfrDLtt Briitol, Ou
<intar, L«v<-Teita„ Tarry vllle,Gl.
Qrluoall. JuaUb U., UituDeU, lu.
OrUwId, John a., llotlaiia, VI.
Gnia, Joupta, Ottawa, 111.
Utuivatior, Cinirlw P.. Asbfurd, CI.
Oro.vuii<>r, Uama, Jactw.uvllle. 1,1.
Qrcut, Henry 11., Conaonl, Muai.
(Jnuii, Uwl., Wat Braiileboro-, Vt.
OiuuL, Sunuel K., Uoson. Nob.
Oruvrjr, »abuii> W , Tonilium, Uo.
Uruah, J W., <;butenu|ii.y, N. Y.
UQlld,Oba.l.iL., BucEUpdUou.
build, Kufuilt..aa]v., Ill
Qullck. JubD T., A. B. O. F. M., NorA

Qullelt, Lulber II.

luIicK, Tli,.>aiu I,.,

k.D.c.r.u„Js

.."b. C.F.M., SJ

■ " 0. if. M . ;^

ir, UuH.

B, lU.

Harkelt, eimran, Templo, Ue.

lladtcy, Andrew J . To.Xunny, O.

iladl'y, J.KKM U., (;>inpt<Hi, M. II.

Half, tiuuhi^n, Uay illiure. L. X.

Hall, AlexaiiJcr U., BerUn lltlKhU, O.

Uiiiiie*, riia<nu v.. Sonli H<,u.uiod, N. E

UalTe, Juh>. P., Janagrilli. Wla.

H^, Joba Q., c-faeain. Vt.

HMey. Knuik, BaMinnk, IS. H.

Haley, jDbD Wu lyusilwruuKh, Uwa.

Hall, Al*iuid«T, PlildTlll'-, Ct.

hall. Allred B., Weit Hi- Id.-n, Ot.

Hall, £dwlD. Jr., Rowndjile, Wla.

U>1U B. Udwin, Fttlrhami. Cl.

Hall, Eliot C, Klantone, N. Y.

Hall, Owrge R., LltilatuA, lfi>ai.

Hall, QardciD, Hortbaisplon, Uaa*.

Hall, Haman B., Oberlln, O.

Hull, Jamea, Scallte. W. T.

Hull, Jam» £., lW(^kUDd. 11a.

Hail, JtHrlei, OnpaurOald, S. H.

Hall. IUtUq ci., LaWD RMga. III.

Hall, Klchard, St. fauU iltnn.

Hall, Bubun B., Caoibndfepoit, Uoaa.

Hall, Hubert V., N.-wpotL Vt.

Uml, UuaKll T., PliiaTord, Vu

Hall, Siunuel K.. GiuwDliiBton. Vt.

H<ill, Bbvrman. Uauk Itapld', Minu,

Uill. William. V«»j.llKi, N. Y.

llalley, Kben, Cit.cl[iiiatl,l>.

Balliday, Joieph C, Eul WeyoioDlb.MaM.

HalUday, tiau.u^l II., hruoklyn, N . Y.

U.lloek, U^'lit Q., Went Wlnated. Cl.

HallDcb, Will lam A.. BloaniScld.CL

IlHmlluiu3. Fraoklln, Bogioo Ulohluida

Uau
Hamlilon, Jobn A., NorwaUc. Oi.
UimUiou, Henry U., Wi;a;fgrd. llaM.
Humlllon. William, ElprlngtIeld.lUH.
Hiimlen, Chuaiirey L., Anrora, <
Haoillu, Aualln if., VVMlarrilla.
HunUa, Cyrui.A. B. O. r. 11.,

HamUo" Cyroa. Bruoklyn. N. Y.
Hainmoiid,Cbarl», U..naan, Uaaa.
Uamnuxid. Hi'nry L . Ciilugo, 111.
UammUDd, William B., AeuihDet, Uaw.
Uammuud, William K, Oranby, Ot.
Hampum.C. A., Mlniivap..lla. ttlnn.
Haiicutk, Charli'*, S:rawti'-rry Puiirt. Ii>.
Hand, Frederick ,\., Dorcbe.ler, U .a^.
Haud, Leroy 8., Polk City, lo.
Uanka, tih'druan W., Camiirldga. Maaa.

liirdii>B. Cbarl
— "Bg, Hour

>rKill.«,Ill.

K. O K. M . /aifli.

llardlna, Joliu W., LuDpneHlow, llaM.
Hard)..!, Sawali. Auburudals. Mtu.
Hardy, Uanlel W„ Blowe, Vt.
Uaiily, Uwres, Ua<li«>D, N. Y.
U.rdy, Vltfiru. M„ Murrl-rtlla, VU
Huker. lllfflin, Kaat uaklnnd, Cui.
IIarlow.lCdwlDA..KDig)ita(lUe lia.
HatloH, Uiiciln, Nsuab.* KalU, Ka<>.
Harlow, B<ifua K. Medway, Uaaa.
Harman, Klljob, WliicheaWr, N. H.
Harper, Aimer. Puit Byron, HI.
Uarrab, cbjulea C, BruokBeld. Uo.
HarriiiBlon, Cbarlea K., Lanenatar, N. H.
BarrlDftDU, Kll W., Nonb Bervrlj , Ila4«.

^.ge.l'n.vic

a. K.I.

Harria, Jamea W., KyanavlUe, Wla.
Uartla, Jubn L., Ilranltille, llaaa.
Harria, Leonard W., Oolebrouk, K. H.
Uiirn*, Samuel NewU>Ten,CI.
Uariiaon, Cliarlva L., EarlTille, 111.
Ilarrlauu, iteurga J., lliliuu, Ct
HariiK>n,P.,BilllnghBm Uay, W. T.
UuTlniu, KamueL lltuOeld, llaaa
Harrlaoa, Wlillun Q., Spring Urnn, Wu
Han, BurdeK, Fair Ilaten. Ct.
Hart, Kdwln J., Collage UroTc. ItlnD.
Hart, Hoory B., Weld. lie.
n.rt, Hunry K, Wapplng, Ol.
Uari, William, Bilb, Ue.
liarl, William U.. Llttla Comptun, R. I.
HaruborD, Jo*«ih W., HlDadal.'. III.
Uanataurna, Vaula J., UfaBida, Mate.

i8;&]

List tf Ccngr^atumal Ministers.

Banmll, ClMTka, A. B. 0. F. U, CMk>.
Hanwell, Joh-, SoDthbarr, Ct.
Harwr, UhutH A^ UMdretciini, IT.T.
Hwin. Wbedock H., Haw TMk Cit*.
Hmey, WllUu F- KlevttUe, lo.
HwvoMl, ObHla K.. Eut Orlnr*. Uh^
Huwoad, Saaat B., 8priB«tliiM. Ho.
BukclL(l>DryC.,Columbui,0.
Bukdl, Jubn, Bb««p>cot Bridsr, !£•.
IlMkall. T. «^ Deimr, Col.
BHkdl. WUUun H., WcU FalmoDlb, l£a.
Huklru, B«nluB*n F.. VMi, III.
HukiiM, Robert W.. Ottn, N. H.
UuhU. Blabard, Udcfjrtlira, In.
Bitch, Ellu W.,Eut Barkiililr.), Vt.
Hitch, Rvnbmi. C9uth>in Oenlre, O,
Hathiiray, Dulal, But ChelHi, Ulefa,
HuhawiLji, Scorn W., ^koirh«cui, U«.
Hsnn, John, Cliaritnii. tUu.
Bnch*. Danlal W., Eul Hann. Ot.
Havta, Bdw«4. Maw Hihd, Ct.
Bam, Joalkh T., LllehlMd, Ua.
UaokM. WInlMd 8., F^baren. Hut.
Hawka. ThmiB B, ilarlatta, 0.
Burin, John P. 'TtleottTilLe, Ou
Bar, Jamea, Dwbj. Tt.
Baj, C. 8., Orratal Laks, ni.
Uaitaa, St^bn H,, BoMOO. ll>aa.
Bajfbrd, Andraw J>., Otbit • Mllla, tT. T.
Hi^ari, BUnao*. OUna, K. U.
Bayward. WUllam H., Uagnolla, lo.
Bum. AllMi, FomlVet, Vu
nand, AnitlB, Jeiicbo Oenln. Vt.
Bana, Anl W., Ulddlehnm. Ct.
Haaoo, Hanir A., BlUarica. Hum.
Bawo. Ttaotb* A., Goihen, Ut.
Baaoi, WUUmi 8.. SortbDeld, Vl.
HailviroDd. Wabalar, Bierelt, Unaa.
Baadlej, PtilBMaC., Bodon, UaM.
Baalar, Joacph W- Iowa aiy, lo.
Baatoa, lawe E., ncmont, Nib.
Hrimar, Obatlaa D., Brouklyn, S. T.
Bdnu, Stapben D.. Lima. In.
Hendcnon, Datld, OalDMvllta. N. T.
Handrlakaon, WltUam A.. Culuuibna, Wll.
B«H7, WllJlam D., JamHio-x. N. Y.
Bapwonb, Oearva B.. Naw York Ctly,
Hwbcn, Ch*r1«( D., Leb»Doi>. II.
Ei'braehtar, F., Btockbiidie, Wli.
H«tick, Edward E., Chelaea, Vl.
Barriek, Edvird P., SfaFrmaii, Ct.
Horriek, Ocorxa F., A. B 0. V. U., Ttifkm.
Bamck, Hmry, Konh W.nid-ioeli , Ot.
Harrick, Jamaa, A. B. 0. F. U., J/'uf^ni.
Harrick, J<din B., tiODIli H.dlit), Uua.
HaiTlek, Hamoal E., Boiton. Uans.
Barr^Ek, Stipheu L., Orlnnall. lo.
Harrick. Will lam D., Uacdiier, Man.
Bcrrlik, William T., Weil Charlcalon, Vk
Btriba*. BUbod B., Sanbary. Ct.

Batriek. AnJm J., PmioD, Ct.
Balilcr, Bnry, Onnd Vlaw. la.
Bannl*, Aaron, Carthaaa, Ind
Hewllh BUaa W., Peealunto, 111.
Bey wood, Tbonuu.PWeTKjn, N.J.
Hlbbard,4AaflH, Falnuuunl.Si-b.
UlObard, Dnld B., Loodun. N. B.

Baven, Uleh.

tAn,Vl

fl«"dy Creek. N.T.

Blcta,Joho .

Blcki, LoDla W.. Woodaioek,
Bleki, Rleb>r4, BakenfleM, Vt.

Hlddfn, Ephnlo N,, Until*! way, Uaaa.

B1((1b<, IJldBa B , UDDtlhtUrD, 01.

nUley, Flamy O., Cantiton. Vt.
Hlgley, Henry U.. Filendahlp, M.T.
HIatey, Henry P., Belull, Wi..
Hllea. Joeeph B., Syrwnon. Ku.
HIH, Calvin O.. Hxmlltoii, Uioi.
Hill, Charlea J., MlddXlown. Ct.

Sill] Edwin B I'AUanCtc' lu!
Ill, JameiL, Lynn, Uaaa.
Hill, QenrKe, Kanlleoke, Vt,.
UtII, Qeorie E.. Bouthport, CI.
Blltard, Ellai B.. Plymonth, Ct.
BUIa, Aeron U , Rsve 'na. tl.
HlUa, WilUam 8., York, SA.
Hillyer. 8. Lee, WiKXIbildKr, V. J.

Ulna,

,0 D.. I

H;;s„rcr,;;;4rrB*i«kFn

ek,"wn.

Hlnaui, Horace B., (Wli.J
BI<eheoek.Ab..>.a^V.Eu

■eka. Cal.

HlMheock. Henry C, Keno.

ha. Wl..

Ultebaoek. tClUn H., A. B.

C. F. U., tTtU-

B"l^*?t«. Ne» H.™.

,Ct.

dly.

Hobl)l!'8(mon l' "

Hoddlo, Henry, McPheriDn

Ctnlre. Sua.

HodgiK, Jamci, Bhlrlnnd, 11

N.H.

Hof, Philip J., BOKobvLW

Holl.ruok.'Anio., HBrrUrtU

'y H.

Holhruok, John C , Syracuae, N. Y.

BolbrDok.MinlnK.Lung.

on^<1l>l.

Holcomba. Qllbrn I., Doa

er'i Or«e, 111.

HoUday.H.nryU,Aln)x, U

ich.

Holler, PUU T., Hukhiouitsd, Ct.

Holll.ler,PhU.nd«H., Ilan

ei«k, Mich.

Holmae, Morrli. Antrim, N. II.
Bolrnei, Henry U., liouihbora', Msea.

Holuiei. 0U>. Lak

ood, Jacob, LynnB'ld CeDliv.
iiooker, Edward ■• , Ulddlvhurr. > i.
Hooker, Edward T.,Out]eUin, Vu
QoDket, Henry B.. Boaloo, Mu*.
HupUna, Heiirr, Wenlflrid, Uu..
BupUiii.)lark, WlltamMown, Un.>.
Hopklnaon, Banjunin B ,l.yliie. CI.
Oopley, Sunntl W., Slnekhrldgv, UaM.
Hoppiu, Jamex U., Kcw Haien. CI.
Rumbrooka, P. B., Eaatbanplon, Ct.
Hoifurd, Henry B., Hadaon, II.

nuamar, Bumuel D.. eonlh Xadck, Uaaa.
BoOEh, Jtaae W. , Bute Barbara, Cal,
Bough, JoelJ.,Danbary,Ct.
HoQib, Lam 8 , Eut Lj-ra*. Ct.
Bougbton, JaiDF* U., Gurllnglon, Vt.
HouHbton, John C, Bllll Klver. U>k>.
HODEbtDD, William. Vimoua, Wis.
Houghlon, William A.. Herlln, Mom.
Honae, J. Henry, A. B. C. ¥. U., Europian

ruriev.
Hon>e, William. Barrlnilon, K. I.
Hauelon, Hlrom, Dftr Ida. Ue.
" " - "----t, Orion, Mich.

196

List of Congregational Ministers,

[Jan.

Howard, MtrUn S.» Wllbrabam, MaM.

Howard, Kowlaad B., New York Citj.

Howard, William, Nortbfield, Ct.

Huwe, HenJamio, Ipawich, Maaa.

Howe, E. Frank, Terre Haute, lod.

Howe, George li., Prin^ton, Maaa,

Howes, Herbert B., Turner*t Fall*,

Howland, Bamuel W., A. B. C. F. M., CVy-
Ion.

Howland, William 8., A. B. O. F. IL, Ma-
dura,

Howland, William W., A. B. O. F. M., Ceg-
Ion,

Hoyt, James A., Poatville, lo.

Hoyt, James P., Newton, Cu

Hoyt, James ti.. Port Haron,Micb.

Hubbard, Charles L . Merrimack, N. H.

Hubbard, ChauDcey H., Beiinington, Vt.

Hubbard, David B., Canton Centre, OU

Hubburd, George B., Pecntonica, 111.

Hubburd, James M., West Bomerville, Mass.

Hubbard, Thomas 8., Rochester, Vt.

Hubbell, Henry L^ Ann Arbor, Mich.

Hnbbell, James W., New Haven, Ct.

Hobbell, Stephen, Ht. Carmel, Ct.

Hubbell, William B., Enst domerville, Idasa.

Hudson, Alfred 8., Easton, Maaa.

Hudson, J. M , Earivillc. lo.

Hughes, D. b.., Coaldale, Pa.

Hughes, £. R., Rem»en, N. Y.

Hughes, Isaac C, Long Creek, lo.

Hugbson, Simeon 8.. latchogue, N. Y.

Hiilbert, Calvin B., liiddlcbury, Vt.

Hull, Irwin T., Gallatin. Mo.

Hume, Edward 8., A. B. C. F. M., TTtftem
Intiia.

Hume, Robert A., A. B, C. F. M., Ahmed-
nuggar.

Bumphrfy, Chester C, Albion, Neb.

Humphrey, John P., £a»t 8t. Johnabury,
VU

Humphrey, Simon J., Chlctgo. 111.

Humphroyit, George F.,No. Amherat, Mass.

Huiigerfurd. Edward, Merideu, Ct.

Hunt, Li-wit M.. Galesburg, Mich.

Huut, Myron W., A. B. C. F. M., North
China.

Hunt, Nehemiah A., Sterling, Minn.

Hunt, Nathan 8.. Bosrah, Ct.

Hunt, Ward I., Columbus, Mich.

Hunter, Henry T., Hortland, Vt.

Hunting, B. 8., SublelU>, III.

Huntington, C. A., Neah Bay, W. T.

Huntington, Elijah B., bouih Coventry, Ct.

Huntington, Geome, Oak Park, 111.

Huntington, Henry 8., Galesburg, 111.

Huntress, Edward 8.. Derry, N. H.

Hurd, Albert C, Montville, C^.

Hurd, Alva A., Scotland, Ct.

Hurd, Kay ettc, Montour, lo.

Hurd. Pbtio R., Detroit, Mich.

Hnrlbut, Everett B., Hayward, Cal.

Hurlbut, .iohn E., Mittlneague, Mass.

Hurlbut, Thaddeus B., Upper Alton, 111.

Huson. John T., Kidder, Mo.

Husted, Jobn T., Tipton, Mich.

Hutchins, Charles J., Pctaluma, Cal.

Hutchins, Henry L., New Haven, Ct.

Hutchins, Kobert G., Columbus, O.

Hutchinson, Henry H., Kuightsville, Cape
Elizabeth. Me.

Hutchinson, John C, Cummington, Mass.

Hyde, Azariah, Galesburg, 111.

Hyde, Charles M., Haverhill, Mass.

Hyde, Henry F., Kockvillc, Ct.

Hyde, James T., Chicago, 111.

Hyde, Nathaniel A., Indianapolis, Ind.

Id0, Alexis W., West Medway, Mass.

Ide, G^rge H., Hopklnton, Maaa.
Ide. Jacob, West Medwav, Maaa.
Ide, Jacob, Jr., Mansfield, Mas*.
Uaros, William E., San Franciaoo. Oal.
llfley, Horatio, South Freepoii, Me.
Ingalts, Alfred, Smithville, N. Y.
Ingalls, Frtmcls T., Atchison, Kan.
Ireland, William, A. B. a F. M., S. vA

AfH<M.
Irons, William, Cannon, Mioh.
Irwin, Corydon 8., Anita, lo.
Isham, Austin, Rozbury, Ct.
Ives, Alft'ed K, Castine, Me.
Ives, Joel 8., East Hampton, Ct

Jackson, A. T., Weaverville, OoL
Jackson, B. F., Pittsfield, IIL
Jackson, J. 'I .. Oomiab, N. H.
JackHon, William C , Brentwood, N. H.
Jacobs, Henry, Barctett, III.
Jacobus, Isaac, Juuotlon Oity, K*n.
Jaggar, Edwin L., Aubumdale, Maaa.
James, Nathan B., Carrollton, La.
James, William, Woodbaven, L. I.
James, William A., Marysrilie, O.
Jameson. Epbriam O., East Medwuy, Maaa.
Jameson, James, Ma^piolia, Wia.
Janes, El^ah, Bdpre, O.
Janey, Frederick, New York City.
Jeffers. Deodate, Com stock, Mich.
Jenkins, J. H., Harmar, O.
Jenkins, Jenkin, South Bend, Minn.
Jenkins, Jonathan L., Amherst, Maaa.
Jenkins, John J., Palmyra. O.
Jenkins, Owen, Bangor, Wis.
Jenkins, Richard VV., Winthrop, Ma.
Jenkins, Thomas, Radnor, O.
Jenkins, Wlntbrop, Jermyn, Pa.
Jenness, George U., Wakefield, N. H.
Jenney, Elisha. Galesburg, 111.
Jenney, E. Winthrop, A. B. C. 7. M.,

Europfan Tiirkey.

ennings, Isaac, Bennington Centre, Vt.
Jennings, WiMam J., Coventry, Ot.
Jennisou, Edwin, Winchester, N. H.
Jennlson, Joseph F., Canton. Maas.
Jerome, Theodore C.» San Buonaventan,

Cal.
Jeaup, Henry G., Amherst, Maaa.
Jewett, George B., Salem, Maaa.
Jewett, Henry U., Redwood, Col.
Jewett, John E. B., Pcnperell, Maaa.
Jewett, Spofford D., Middleflold, Ct.
JeweU, William U , Concord, N. H.
Jocelyn, Simeon 8., Brooklyn, N. Y.
Johnson, Albion H., South Braintree, Maaa.
Johnson, Alfred P., Plattevillo. Wla.
Johnaon, Charles 0., Smyrna, N. Y.
Johnson, Edwin, Bridgeport, Ct.
Johnson, Frank A , Cheater. N. Y.
Johnson, George, Sterling, Minn.
John^on, Gideon B., Halo, 111.
JohnS'jn, Henry C., Dallas Oity, III.
Johnson, Hiram K., East Providenco, R. L
Johnson, James G., Rutland, Vt.
Johnson, .J. R., San Andreas. Cal.
Johnson, Samuel, Rodman, N. Y.
Johnson, Wilbur, Royalaton, Masa.
Johnston, John, (N. Y.)
Jones, Albert N., Jackson, Me.
Jones, Benjamin, Granville, O.
Jones, Cadwalader D., Boacon, lo.
Jones, Charles, Saxonviile, Maaa.
Jones, Clinton M., Eastford, Ct.
Jones, Darius E., D.iveuport, lo.
Jones, Daniel I., Belpre, O.
Jonfs, David, Gomcr, O.
Jones, David, Richville, N. Y.
Jones, D. D., Judson, Minn.

1 876-1

List of Congregatiimal Ministers.

Jones, DarU K , BoilwrT, Ct.
Jonw DaTid U., Arciw ^>.
Jonaa. Dirtd 8., AleundrlK. O.
JMN*, D. J«r«D*. EUhwikH, II).
JoDM. I>. Todd. SbsniiDdDab, Pb.
Jonaa, B. W,, Jnhiiatnvi. Pa.
Jonai. Knocli, Dcbdrld. Wli.
Jonaa, Tr^nklln 0., Franklin, Ct.
Jonaa. Oror^ U.. If >i> CambiU, Ifo.
Jonaa, Oriffllb. KtUon Flati, M. T.
Jonaa, OniUTna W., Wl<itarpait, He.

Jonea, Ita /, L
JoiHa.Iiali If.iIrwtnBtulon, F>.
Jonaa. J., Newbnrg, O.
Jonaa. Jamaa. fil. I^li. Ifo.

Jon«; join', cidTelind.o! " *
Jonaa. Juhn A., 8al«n, Neb.
Jonea, Juhn B., Oak Hill, O.
Jonia, JeliB H., Delaimn, O.
Jooca. John L , AHinta, Cal.
JoDaa, Joaeph S.. Fnnland, [ad.
Jonea, J. VaDndre, Rln( P 0>, Wla.
Jooea, Lcinntl. Uasnnb, HI.
Jonea. LaaUn H.,Canir*i Cltf.TTeb.
Jonea, Newto-i I., Onlrcrllie, Haw.

!;,«"

Jonaa, WlUlam W., Qlandale, Wla.
Jordan, BbeneiaT 9., Browndeld, >!•,
JumUn, WlUbun R , Rovln. ICau.
Jnehan, Gfor^, Goihan, luaa.

jBllach, Fiederlek W,. I>nTi>npart, To.
JndUD, BllniiTiM U., 8r)v«i1>, O.
Jollan, Malttaew O., New Bsdfbrd, Uui.

KeelFT. Senaes 11., WesI Nrvburr, Ua*
Kwler, Si^ H., Monnt Vernon, S. H.
Keep, John B,, Hartford, Ct.
Keep, Hanna R., Da]b>n. He.

Kslle*, Qeoncn W.. Kui 1
Sriloff. Klyah. Harpawe"
KaUog;, Martin, Bertele<
KalloR. flrlranna H., Ba
Kalaar, Frank D., Warbti

K*h«, H«iii7(<.,Wobui

Kalaar, Hlntn L., Hollli, N. II._ _

■I NewSr-ld, Ue.

Kendall. Henry L.. \Virn.,1e.
Kendall, B. C, W. BruoiBeld

Kent. 0.^bu B.. mputi
Kent, K. -

Kaiea, BoaKll 1
Kaner, Calrln,
Kidder, ' -

Inn CIlT. Ind.
,9t.Jo>eph, Uo.

11 U., t

luraiid, Wla.

Kidder,' J^nll.rNDnlea, Uicb.

Kllbon, Churtea W., A. B. C. F.M., 4frita.

Kllboom, Jamea, Etaalne, Wli.

Kllbogro, Jamaa K.. A. B. O. F. U., Mm.

ttren, NorUlfm ifexico.
Klmtall, CUeb. HedwBT, Ifaaa.

Kliaball, Oeorfa P., ChlnBD. III.
Kimball, Jamaa P., H>rd*DTll]*. Uua.
Kimball, John, Ban Fnnetoeo, Oal.
Kimball. Wnodborr B.. Walli, Ua.
KIneald, WlUlain, LearenwoTtli, Kan.
Kl.>(. Hanrr D., OnatoTna. O.
Klngmnn, italUiaw, Ambrrit, Uaaa.
Ktngabarr, Obarlea A.. Mnrtnn, Uaaa.
Kingabniy, John D , BndTatd. Mua.
Kln^abarr- Joalih W., No. Res'llng, Ifaai
Klnnlef. laaae 0., Wciterillts, O.
Kline, Oeone W., Obarleatom, K. H.
Klnn», T. 0 . Bellerue, Minn.
Klnier, Addlaon D., Union, la.
Kirk, Kabert, DanbT. III.
Elrklind, KHai E„ Olaego I^e. Mich.
RItehel. ODmaUni L. PhtladBlphla, P*.
KItchell. H. D , Wejbrldge, Vi.
Klttrwln, JoalBh K., Plorenea, lUtlr,
Knapp, flaorfa a, A. B. O. F. U., eaiUr

Knl^fal, Klhrldn. Fort Fairfield, Me.
KnUht, Merrick. H>naiig, Ob
KniKbt.F. B,e>Iem, Or.
XDlght. Richard, Bonlh BadIrT Falli, :
Knonae, Wlillam H " — "'— - "•

KnooUon, Frni

Fid. Gre<

., Deep Rlwr, Ot.

.Ion, Stephen, tfon

11.VI.

reSrsTT.

KuTi, H. D,Flndlev,
Kyle, Fell I, Kid r" '
K) ta, Joaeph, Buiwu, m.ii.

Labaree, Benjamin. Oharlratown, K. H.
Laharee, Jnhn O,, Bandolpb, Uaaa.
Ludd, Ald.n. Roiburjr, Vt.
Iddd, Ot'orn T., Milwaukee. Wla.
Ladd, Henr* M., W>llon, N, T.
Lidd, Horailo O., Plrmsuth, M. H.
Laird, Jamea H.. Otjerlln, O.
Lake, I.nt, Toung.iowii, O.
Lamb, Edirard S.. Colli niyl lie, Ct.

LtmKiD, Charlei U., Worcenter, Mau.
Lanoa-ler, Daniel, New York Cllr.
Lsndfear, Rodolphna, Hartford, Ct,
Landun, Oaortfa M., UmneapulU, E. D.,

Minn.
Ijuic. B. B , MltchallTllli', lo.
Lane, Daniel, Belle Plain, lo.

Lane! John W.,'whaMlV. MRa>.
Lane, LarTnon B.. WellCnnon, O
I.angwurihr.l>aaiiF..Cheliii "

Lunpheai

T., Beverly.' ya!
,n.«abiir,,ilaa..
Olanwnod. Ulni

I.each, .loieph A., Keene. N. H,
Leami'd, D>lBhlW.,A. B.C. F.M.,J<>;>ail.
Leavlit, Burka P.. Portland, Me.
Leavltt. George R., Canibrld^port, Mui.
LeaiUl, HoraooH., A. B.O.F.M., Japan.

Laaiitt, William B., Noitbamplon, Maaa.

198

List of Cft^rtgatumal ifmisUrs.

[Jaa-

J, J«»:«3l^ Amboy. EL

]»«BuM|iMt, J«jho» Lma^9^r^ S. H»
L«tf» Luctv* ' *•. I^u<«u. Micta.
L^. SwntMi. X«w Ip»«-cu. y. EL

Lm, William 3.. P«mIwML CL

L«r«« John W . Lm. X. X

T-tfuPiUf^t DrtAvao L . yorthdvid. Mi:
li4«MianI«S4ivin,5waiu > '•rtmuKih,
Ltf^iuc^i* II&n£jRL P . Tiudbdii,
Le«MiJkr*i« ' ; m*Y . A. J. C. ?• M^
L**i«»r»i. >*• VO>en C S^jm-'ur. Ct.

Le*.*, H.-'*^»r'i It . Hy-K- Pare. Px

L^w!*, .ri.'hfj r., Tailni-djjw. O.
Ldwii, Kichani. LuUmicton, Vi«h.
Low is WJ.liam S.. PUrae« :on, ^Cjeft.
L.fCKv^tt •Jiuii'^* n.. Iliiiwuiba. ELu.
Laiculn. Jolir* K.. Bauijwr. M-.

Littl*-, Arthur. Footl 'in L*:, Wii.
LittJe» OiM-Ie«» Li»wim lo.
Litil»-li«i«It • 'z'«»» !?«n«ca» lo.
Litu, raonwr, LAn«iQir. lo .
LiT«rmor»f, Ajrrjn EL. Xorth H.tvn. Cl.
LiT»TTn«"rw, A.h«rt, Miller** F.iIU,. Vmw.
LIvinipMon. Wiiliam W.. y.> Caa"»vr,
Li<'y«U J«»hn, ayricaiHJ. 5. T.
Llovd, W: 11 m A^ RaTem-w^Hi. Tl.
Luckt*. Willkim £ . A. B. C. F. M.,

Lockwo.^U (refirfe A.. <>xfori. Me.
LorkwiAMl. John H., Brr>«>k.3rn, K. P.. y. T.
Lotfan. liolKrt W.» A. B. C. F. M., Mtarv-

Lonir Fr»«lcnck, Frew*H*jr?h, N". T.

L-.Du:- y, i£ -«• M.. F'tr ^:. £.1

Lo<^mij», A!pha L. I'., M.u;. •'", EL

L4ii.ai:«. A"^'ii» G.. «inM*nrie * _ Vitt

L«j«>mi*. E:;hi,Ch«#:.»r:*^t.i. III.

LiH.mij*, H«*r.ry. Jr , Pjn;j»:k *-p*i^, X. T.

L»>«.m'«. Th.-ron, M>tnom«)r.«*« b jli*, Wta.

Lop»?r. S:t»ph<n A., Hatilrme, Ct.

Lor I. Danie-I B-, L«baroa', Cl-

L.)r.i. E P.. Mobile. AU.

Lori* .J'jh:i M., Ro«:kiani!. Mam.

Lor-i, Th'>rn*4 X., S mfar.i. Me.

Loni. W::iLua H., MonipeMer, Vu

Lort?.;/, Am.Ma, Fotcr^y.r. Me.

Lori'.iir, H«:nry d.. Pbip«banr» Me.

Lori..^. II-r?Virt A.» FoX(rr/ft, Me.

Lorr.if,.r^««»ph, Eaat O'Udeld, Me.

Lorinz. Levi. Waeeea, Mian.

Lo'hrop, <;Tiarle« D., Amh<*rsf, Ma«s»

L/-y;ire^, 3Urpiien F.» Ton bridge. Vl.

Lrtnn-'-.tiry. H.»nry A., Shirley Village. Maw.

Lot*.-, William DeL., Kast datrinaw, Micb.

l/>v-:oy, G-one E., Car.dij, N. H.

Lowrt. Jo-Iih E.. Oakdil*>. Neb.

l»w:n/, fIenr7D.,C<>n'reRa(iddtatk>a,Pa.

Loxrry, H.-un:.el E., Xewton,

Lu-n:*. FIiZMirl. Crofon, Mich.

Lnc*:, r>»onArd, We*tford, M:

Lam. carnn-*! Y . Mannnril e. X. T.

Lyl*^, Wlliam W., Duxborr, MaM.

Lyman, .\ildiiioa, Kello««, lo.

L\man, Albert J., Bro-jklyn, N. Y.

Lyman, Charlen N., Onava, lo.

Lyman, David B., A. B. C. F. M., ^airaiuni

LyauM, Kpbraim, Minne^^Ua, Minn.

LjBBan, Geurge, Qtntth Anthervt,
Lyman, Honce. Forva: Chore, Or.
Lymsn. HooiingtMi, Triaagia. N. Y.
LvmaB. PayaoD W^ BtflcfacrtowB, tfaai.
LyraMB. Tknothy. Ladktw Milla, Maaa.
LjTDcfa, G. B., BcaafiMt, N. C.
Lyon, ABxi B.. We»t Sewbary, Vt.
Lyon. Jamtf* H.« Gantr.il Falla, R. L

r, G«arfe, Ofaiey, HL
,r, B. D.» North EU^IfeTQIe, O.
MarfiiD. €h:triee» Lyndon. £l.
Mack. J«i#iah A.. Cunaor^ UU
Mae-*ab, WilUam, Warren Centre, Pk.
Ma^jU, atHUcrove W., OimwaD. Vt.
Xa^oim, Geonte F., GriaiicII,Io.
Mahau. Aan. Adrian, SOcfa.
Maile, John L., Chf^bnyna, Iflc^
Makepeace, Ftank B., Giooeeetrr, ICwib
Mailury, ChaHea W , HooaatOQic, Maia.
M.til»r\, W. W., Memphia,. Tenn.
Maltbv. Emaraa^ Tanntoo, Maaa.
Mandeil, Wttliam A.,GanibrU««. Mm*.
Mann. Am, Carliale, M:iaa.
Mann, Joel, New H^vaa, CL
Mannin^^ AbeL Goffiftown* X. B.
Manntntc. Jaeob M... Boatoa. Maaa.
Ma::ainif. funnel, Mercer ^.
Manaon. Albert, Quaaqacton, lo.
Marbie. William U , Gmndj Centre, lo.
Mirlen. Aognirtiu L , Fletmoott N. H.
M arien. <:r«orfe X., Baog^ir, Me.
Manifi, Henry. A. B. C F. M,» Cmtrmi

MATkiiam. EL F , Savannah* Gn.
Mar»h, Alfred F^ Shdhome, Maaa.
Mar»h. Abraham, W««»t Woodirtocfc«Cl.
Mar»h. Ohari«*« £., SaBsmer Hill, IlL
Mar^h. D. Dana, Georgetown, Maaa.
Marah, Dwtgbc W., Owego, X. T.
Mor^h. GeiTge D., A. Bw C F. M., JBkr»>

Mar«h. H«^nrv, Soaierwt, Mich.
M ir»h. J.;hn"T., Crown Point, N. Y.
Mipih, JoMfph. Thfitord. Vt.
Marth, Lert G.. Bangor, Me.
Manh, Loring B., Sterling. Maaa.
MxTffa, S. H., Fonf«t GruTei, Or.
MAT^hall. Chapman A., Creaeo, lo.
M irvhall. Henry G., Chariemoot. Mmu
M irvhall. Jaaae^. Aeworth, X. H.
Mjr^ceo. Francis E., Ifttnbnm' rillt. Vm
Mania, Benjamin X., Xaw York <^ty«
Marttn, E. H.. Csatle Rock. CoL
Martin, M'^aea M.. Mazomanie, WiM,
Mtf<in, S Ion, We»l Fairlee, Vt.
Marts. WUlL-un G., Kaleicb, X. a
Martrn, Sandford S.. Xaabna, X. H.
Mar.yn, W. Carioa, PurtHmonth, X. H.
Marvin, Abijah P., Lancaater, Maaa.
Manrin. Sylraaua P., Woodbrldge, CL
Mavon, Jaimea D., Foreat City, lo.
M:kaon. JaTan K.. Thoniaaton, M«.
Maaoa. Joseph, ivodftey, IlL
MaMin,L. T., ElIii«too. X. T.
M St hews, Lutber P., C»>)ei»barf, lo.
Matthews, Ckleb W. (Minn.)
Macihewa, R. J., Fair Haven, VL
Maitliewa, S. Sherburne, (Maaa.)
Matthew*, William D. A.. ChleafO, 10.
M attf«.m, Albert, Bavaria. Kan.
Maxw(*ll, Ahram. Re i Cloud, Xeb.
Mar, Oaear G.. Baraboo, Wia.
May, T. Melboom**, Concord. X. H.
Maynard. Ulric.Caatletoo. Vt.
Ma>n«. Xicholaa, Platrtville, Wia.
Mc Arthur, Heurv G.. Bi'loit, Wia.
M -i^all, Salmon. E«at Haddam, CL
McCheaney, Jamaa H., Grand Marab, WIb.

List of Congregational Ministers.

199

id, FAge F., Nortbport, Mieh.

ng DhdIqI, Haoovcr Cod., N. H.

D. J. Clinton. Fa«t Arlington, Vt.

gliev, AuAtin N^ Metomora, 111.

Kobert L., Toalon, 111.

ck, T. B., Princ«»ton, Ind.

11, Alexander 8., West St. Looii,

n. F., I>0(1g« Centre, Mino.
igh, Oscar C.» dheboygan, Wis.
Chnrlec O.. Hallowell, Me.
Robert, Toledo, O.
f, (^ninuel V., Ludlow, Mass.
, Elbridge P., Brockton, Mass.
, Robert, New Ix>ndon, Ct.
id, Henry H., Brooklyn, N. Y.
id. Jamee, Hpringfiela, O.
id, Moaes Q.. Panna, Mich,
fonathan, ]Na«bua, N. EL
in. Robert, Mount Pleaiant, lo.
. Charles C.. Rockport, Masa.
Jamea A., Grand Raptda, Mieh.
William, Brooklyn^. Y.
John, Ceredo, W. V.
eilaa, Bradf<ird, Vt.
e, Alexander, Cambridge. Macs.
$y, Silas, Booth Boston, Mich.
rv. John A., Rlrhflclrl, O.
ilin, Daniel D. T., LltchfleId,Ct.
Allen, Litchfield, Ct.
James, South Weymouth, Mtaa.
John K.. Oakland, Cal.
Andrew J., Waldoboro, Me.
Norman, Brandon, Wis.
7t John Nj Vermillion, Dak.
. Anson, Topsfield, Mass.
t, Robert O. 8., Brockton, Maaa.
r, Peter. Topeka, Kan.
Iiarlea M., Andover, Mass.
ariua. New York City,
enry B., Saccarappa, Me.
iram, Oberlin, O.
George J., Howctl's Depot, N. Y.
Tames H., Dorchester. Mass.
Tohn O., Boston Highlands, Mass.
>avid O.. North Cambridge, Masf.
iiicien D., Lancaster, Mnas.
John H.. North Scituate, R. L
Jharlps T., Atkinson, N. H.
Joseph. Randolph, O.
JoMeph H., Datrh Flat, Cal.
Edward H., Uipon, Wis.
. Qeorge F., Qroenville, N.H.
Benj-irain B., Sandy Point, Me.
Charles H., West Brnttleboro', Vt.
Charles W , Spring Valley. Minn.
Elijah W., Cannon Falls, Minn.
Oeorve R.. Adrian, Mich.
Jamf s C, Davenport, lo.
Fames H., Andover. Mass.
John \j,t Marlborough, N. H.
J. Lewis, No. Chelm«ford, Mass.
Jn«iah, South Franklin, liiaas.
Selah, Andover, Mass.
Thomas, Bloomfield, lo.
Truman A., Wayland, Mass.
William A. Alfred. Me.
in, Daniel, Boston, Mass.
in, William E., Ripon, Wii.
Elbridge W., Hardwick, Maas.
Wi'liiim C., Saratogo. C^*
I, James R., Newton, lo.
, Nathan T., Trumbull, Ct.
, Samuel J. M.. Wilton, Ct.
, I»>aac C., New Haven, Ct.
, W. N., Antioch, Cal.
, George, Milton Hills, N. H.
N.ithanitf 1 . Worcester, Maas.
dward C.» Muntdair, N. J.

Miles, Harvey, Russell, N. Y.
Milcf, Thomas M., Wlnrted, Ct.
Millard, Joseph D., Pleasanton, Mich.
Millard, Norman A., Chicago, III.
Millsrd. Watson B., Memphis Tenn.
Miller, Daniel, Glen Arbor, Mich.
Miller. Daniel R.. Oberlin, O.
Miller, Joel D., Leominster, Mass.
Miller, Richard Emerald Grove, Wis.
Miller, Robert D., Hartland. Vt.
Miller, Rodney A., Worcester. Mass.
Miller, Ssmnel, Deansvllle N. Y.
Miller, Simeon, Springfield. Mpss.
Miller, WilHsm, KillinKworth, Ct.
Millikan, Silas F., Maquoketa. lo.
Mllliken. Charies E., Littleton, N. H.
Millo, Charles L , Norway Me.
Mills, Elisha W., Rockf.rd. Mich.
Mills, J. G., Post Mills, Vt.
Mills, Henry, Canton, 111.
Milne, (Horge C, Mt. Carmel. Ct.
Miner, Henry A., Madison, Wis.
Miner, Nathaniel, Salem, Ct.
Miner, Ovid, Syracuse. N. Y.
Miner, Samuel E., Monroe, Wis.
Mirick, Edward A., Neodesha. Kan.
Missildine, Alfred H.. Lebanon, Mo.
Mitchell, Ammi R., Cannon City, Minn.
Mitchell, Charles L., Brooklyn, N. Y.
Mitchell, Janics M., Lenora, Minn.
Mitchell, Thomas G., Madison Bridge, Me.
Moblcy, Hardy, New Iberia, La.
Modeset, Welton M.. FowlcivUle, N. Y.
Mollenberk, Bernard, (Mich.)
Monroe, Benjamin F., Lost Nation, lo.
Monroe, Thomas B., Akron, O.
Montague, Bnoa J., Fort AtkiriKon, Wis.
Montgomery, Andrew, Abingtoii, Ot.
Montgomery, Giles F., A. B. C. F. M., Cen^

trai Turkey.
Montgomery, John A., Morris, III.
Mooar, George, Oakland, Cal. '

Moody, Eli, Montague, Moss.
Moody, Howard, East Andover, N. H.
Moon, Charles E , Fismilton, Mo.
Moore, Albert W., Bri»t'»l, N. H.
Moore, Benjamin, Piano. III.
Moore, Edson J . Harwich Port, Mass.
Moore, Henry, Martin, O.
Moore, Nathaniel S., Westpori, Ma«s.
Moore, William E. B., Bolton, Ct.
Moore, William U., Hartford. Ct
Morehouse. C M., Evansville, Wis.
Morehouse, Darius A.. Ess. x. Mass.
Morgan, David c^., Montello. Wis.
Morgan, George F. G., Uio Vifita, Cal.
Morgan, John, Oberlin, O.
Moryan, John F., Portland. Me.
Morgan, Stillman, Bristol, Vt.
Morliy, John H., Sioux City, lo.
Morley, Sardis B.. Pitisfleld, \f ass.
Morong Thomas, Melrose Hiclilnnds, Maaa.
Morrill, Stephen S , Harvard. Muss.
Morris, Edward, Sherman, Tex.
Morris, E. J , Neath, Piu
Morrif>, George, Dixon. Cal.
Morrio, Henry, Binvhaniton. N. Y.
Morris, Myron N., West Harifoi.j, Ct.
MorriM, Richard, Allen's Grove, Wis.
Morrii*, Ozia« S., Cumminifton, Mass.
Morrison, Martin V. B.. Canton. Dak.
Morrison, Nathan J., North Springfield. Mo.
Morrison, Samuel, Sheboyyan FaUs, Wis.
Morse, Alfred, Austin, Minn.
Morse, Charles F., Thetford, Vt.
Morse, Henry C., Union City, Mich.
Morse, James |B.. Genoa Bluffs, lo.
MorsH, Georve II , Henniker, N. H.
Morton, Alpha, Oakham, Mosa,

zoo

List of Congregational Mini

[Jan.

Morwn WllJiftin D., ffievter, Ct.
Utjm^M. It uhUtu, X«w I'rettou, Ct.
U*/-**, Johu i' ,( ■||"t/»fi, lo.
Mvi/ /.!>»• fiM W.. Jouliii. Mo.
M<«l'i4r, WtiitHm, I i«ll«, ICich.
M^Ntfvr. 'J'ii«<>4/>r« 'J'.. Hm Jo*^ Oal.
M gf M-il, .r II,, lliirntK, X. Y.
Mvf.Mlif .liMM-r/h it » KiMikHn, Vt.
Mm'**'/", Krr/firl. k, Iltt'Maiii Nock.Ct.
Uhhvtu. iiyroti A , NeputtMft, Mass.
UuikU, lUrvfy <i.. lAniar. Ilo.
Mi4r4<«i:ti JIhvM, New llAvnii,CU
Mi«i|»ti), 'riii'iiiMn I>.| <lriirtby. Ct.
MijirMv WIiiIhiii II. II.. lloston, Mbm.
M<j««, .ImiimmII., (O )
llyira, Hlrmii. ()uwk> r City, Kan.
M,ii« .full II a, KkShUo, 111.
Mytltk, OMbtirii, UMtlU'tuwn, Vt.

N-ll, JitMiuM, mtiroil, MIoli.
iVuanii, ( HiHi ItM I*. II., ( 'Ik Uea» Mam.
Nuaiiii, iliitiii II.. Ktt»t HiiilthA* Uh Pa.
Ncualiiiu. ilti»0|th II., A. II. (\ V. M , Japan,
Niilaiiii. (It'iiitfit W , HhuUitburir, WU.
NuUtiit, riilinuiill, hflVvvti-r. .V. V.
Ni-wu«tiMlt. <l«<tiiM<i h.. Now Iiavvn, Ct.
Nimiifiiili. 1 ullipi. IV'iiuniK Kan.
Ni-MiH NV rllliigi >ii Kiiau harlomont, Haaa.
Ni wliiitl, Kilt ii< At'i- daiibrhUr, Mat*.
Ni<Hiiiait, Hli |iliitii \l.. 'rAuiitoii, Maaa.
N' wiuii, iliiliit, |ittiMtU«liil>iitt N. Y.
N'ltlii'U. ( liuiliv, Ni-vi iIiIimIu, Ot.
Nli^liiiU, cUaili-ii 1... Hii>\\i>vlU«», M*.
NI. luiU, h H., Ui'ikliotl. 111.
NIotiuU, Nallmii It . Ititiiiol. Vt.
NiiU'U. \\a«liii isuiii A., liiki- l^>r••t,lU.
NU ktTiiUii, N. !•- , K\a ••' UilK l^a.
NItUI. nimkiaa, ViiW-t*uiii. Mich.
Nfl»U», I'hiirU'-, KmnkU'i N. Y.
Ni>l>Us hvU.iiit \V.. li lilts M.iiui.
Ni>l>lvi bVv\lviKk A. N»'W llnvvii, Ot.
NoMo \li««v>ii, li.| S*»vttU«M. \l4uu1.
NoMo, TN-'UMi* K . S.im l'ii«"v*i<iv>t»t i,\d.
Nvrvrx***. K1.4VIU1 V., I ni.m, Mc»
Nv'r\'K»*«, I iiri«,>:i r , iJrwU*> , i\»L
NorvT^wa. S. iJcnnl, vV: w »\ , \. U.
N.«rn*. Au*i:ii II.. ^'4r^%^•I^ Mich.
Norn*. John :*.. Miw-lovi, W'i».
North. Suuo«m, i litttxii. N. Y.
Northoott. T. t\. \\\M».:*Uvk. l!l.
Northrop. YU'iiry l>.. H.irti". rU» vX
Nor'hrL'p. J,ii*u'» A . »U:i>vilK', l^>,
Norwo. Eiiw \ry\ \^ttio% . Mj

Nort*»n. Frank hn B. WU >

Nortun. U. B.. :^an ,h^iu».\ i'al.

NortoD, .lohn F . Nativk. Mm*.

y irton. Sinlth. Uipi>a. W)».

Iforfam. Thorn \* S.. Ute^.

Nortn^a. Wiilioiu W . AU-taiiUrU, Utau.

Ifoarw. Ri'bert. AI«sIo. lit.

Noyvw. Oani**! .1 , llsiiowr. N. II.

XopM, I>r'iol r . Ntfwliurvi»or., M

Noyr». irnnKm W.. \Vo»«.lbury. i^.
Noy«a. .Io«eph T., A U. O. K. M.. J/'4«(Wrd. i
Xovw*, :S<flih W.. N.'rth va»ni*. Mk'h. ;

Xuttlnj, itt^>r»t^ U . Ho fti*t, NY. 1

Nuttiiiar. J 'hn K . Ati-ti>ib>tr«, <.>, I

NuttiDc* l&ufUa. LV t rvut. M ich .

OaktfT, J«n«.a. Elk Point. P.ik.

Ob««r. WI ll.im F.. Nowctwi:«. >f#.

O'Hrr, BtfDj.kinin. I'"ti'r»h:uii» \lM».

OlOa, Ahu«r I\. Kll.ntftin. N. Y.

< "-li^ Heory H , Wo-it l>»vor» Vl.

O I'-rvnahaw, ^jinuo!. rri;-cvion, ^Inii.

Olm-ti.-', Ffmnkl- I W.. Ea*i To^nah^na Vt.

Oig«>T. E:i«eti« r.. Oirii.U K tpi<]a, M.ch.

Orcact. zSaiQiivU rornnt^oQ, Cl. ■

OrUway, Jolrua, S.t.ou, CU

Ordwaj, Bamcl, Kevanw, HI.
OolK^ra, 0«« B., South Sanlurd, We.
Onbom. WlUfam H.. Tpailftnil, Mtdk.
Oabfrne, Crrna P.. Andonr. If aaa.

< laffood, Edward B., Wc«C BrookavUK Mt-
Oa«ood, Henry H., jrapl<«. M«.

OffxMl, Reab*-n D., Limliurton. He.
Opmo", Win T., New York City.
O.l*, larael T., Exeter. N. H.
(Itla. Konnan !«., Ithaea, HIeb.
Oila. Oren F., Prorlde- ce, R. L
O'tnaan, H. Aagnatna, Boothwkfc, Maw.
Orcrton, A. A.. Mnaeoda. Wi*.
Oviatt, Ooorgv A.. Hndbnry. If ■■•.

< >wena, Eran, Jrnni*^n, Wis.
Owf n«, Ow^o, Blrmlngfajun, Pa.
Oweit*, Tboraaa G.. Bowenabarv, IIL
Owenr. Tbomaa If., New York Mills, N. T.
Oznard. Frederick, BandwMi, ~~

Pnckard, Abel K., Oreele7,Ool.

Parkard Alpheue 8.. Bmnawldk, M«w

Packard, DnTld T.. Loa Aofeloa, Oal.

Packard, Edward N., ETmnaton, III.

Packard. Theophtlna, Maoteoo, 111.

Pndd(»ck, Oeoi^B A., Rockford, lo.

Pa^e AlTah C. Elgin, ni.

Pago, Kenjmmin G , FrlendTille, Vab.

Page, Charlea E., Ciardon. O.

Page, Henry P., A. B. C. F. M., Bmnptmti

Turkfy,
Page, Jeave, Atklnaon, N*. H.
Page, Robert, We»t Fkrmlngton, O.
I*aine, Albert, North Kalrooaib, MaM.
Paine, Bernard, Fozboro*, Maaa.
Paine, .John C, GroTeland, MaM.
Ptilne. Iicvi L., Bangor, Me.
Paine, Rodney, Topeka, Kan.
Paine, Sewell, Montgomery Centre, Vt.
Pair.e, William P.. Holden, Mi

PaliiU'r, Charles C, Stafford Sprliin, CI.
Piklmer, Charlea M., Meriden, a, n,
raim.r, Cbarlee R., Bridie* port. Ct.
Palmer. Edward 8., Knoxville, Pa.
l^dmvr, Edwin B., Ipawlch, Maaa.
Palmer, Elliot, Portland, Ct
Palmer, Frederic, Revere. Ma»a.
Palmer. George W., Carroll, lo.
1^1 mer, Horace W., Wcat Andover, O.
» 'aimer, John A.. Sheldon, lo.
IHilmf r, Jamea M., Boston, Maaa.
Palmer, Ray. Bible Hoaae, New York Chy.
Palmer, WAliam 8., Norwich. Ct.
l*aiigbom. Darid K., Crary'a Milla, N. Y.
l*ann«U, C. H. U., Brooklyn, N. Y^
l*Hrla, John D., A. B. C. F. IC,

Park, Austin L., Gardiner, Me.

Park. Calvin E., Weat Bozfbrd,

Park. Charles W., A. B. C. F. M., Tndim*

Park. Kdwarda A.. Andorer, Maaa.

l^irk, WUItara E., Lawrenee, Maaa.

P^i ker, Alexander, Humboldt, lo.

l^arkvr, Benlamln W., A. B. C. F. M., Ba-

waiitsn IsiantU*
Ftu-kvr. Charlea. Coral, Mich.
Pmrkvr, SdwiB P., Hartford, Ot.
l^krkvr, Henry E., Hanover, N. H.
IVtrker, Henry H., Honolalo, BdmaUam

Piirkvr, J. Homer, Pontiae. Mich.
Psirker, Horace, Arer, Maaa.
INkfr. John D.. Wyandotte, Kan.
I'Hrkor. Leonard S.. Aahbamham, Maaa.
Parkfr. Onon, Flint. Mich.
I>kr^vr, Koawell, North Adams, Mleb.
l^Lrkvr, KiMiwell D., M mhattitn. Kan.
INrkor, William W , Weat Boylatoo, ~
l^arlur, Wooeter, BeUhat* Me.

1876.]

List of Congrrgatiottal Ministers.

Fukbont, Owrln F., Lenox, IfaM.
ParklnwMi. Bnval, WHbl.tgton, D.O.
Farmrlc*, K. Hamr. I.ang R1d», Ou
Funelsa, Hwirv M., Iowa Falta, to.
Pannalon. Howard iC. MMOpa'nmla, O.
PariBelH. JunH B , Wlnflefd, Kan.
PainrkT.ltcHciP., A. B.O. F. IL, EaU

Pamitlw. aimaosi Oaw^o, N. T.
P>rTT. HnisphrFT, Thannnn, O.
Patty, W„ KortooTllIf, Cnl.
PaRfT>P"n"B.,ThnaO>ki, Uleh.
Paraona, B«n)IulD F., WoonKckm, R. I.
Faraou, B^baBiur G.. Byflcld, Haw.
Panona, Hanrr U., Boaion. HaM.
Paraou, Jaho, LfbanoD. H«.

FaniMi*, QeoTgc C.. RaUvlii,
Panndge, John W., Screnton, i->.
PanrtdHe, U C, Nonfa BennliEUiii. Vt.
Fanrldn, Samusl n., Onenaerd, S. H.
Patilak. Henry J., WotN'ewton, Uaii.
Piano, Uanln K.. Woal WlllUn»aeld, O.
P>Uh, Barua. Ontario [nd.
Patchin, Joha, Wril Bloomfleld, S. T.
Putvi, krM«. CorlMe. Utam.
PaBrn, Wmian A , lUymnnd. ff. H,
PalloD, Jama L , Ornnirtll*. Uleh.
Patton. WIKIam. Vfs> HHTm, Ct.
Pauon, Wnnam W. Chlom. 111.
PajDc, Xdward B , Brrkeliy, Cal.
Parna, Joirph U .Wauki-rin. ID.
PsmbCHtT, Alliart B., BlrBlhun N, H.
P«a1>odr>Oarln, Chicago, III.
hahody, Ol.ailoi. Bprinirflpld. U*».
PauaoB, Jaoea B., Uonl Clair, H. J.
Fwraon, Banal M.. Fulo, 111.
pBarara, SwBual W., Alfred. Us.
Feaai, Aaron O.. BDUirnd, VI.
FWsk,HanilallR.,A.B.dF.U., Madvra
Peak, Whitman, New Ha.en, Ct
Peckbam, JoHpb, KInntnn. Km.
Pc«b1», Daild, I'orltr'i Bluff, Ala.
PeeiB, Jonah W, Netin, In.
Feel, Stephen D,. Aihtabuln, O.
l-affen, AiroD B., Ilraciit. Unit.
Pelrec, Cliarlei U.. Uiddh-Hcld. Uau.
Prlonbel, Frmiicle N., Nallck, Uau.
I^IIOD, Oeorge A.. Orolon, N. T.
Pendleioo. Hrnry U .Cbenai.Ill.
PaDfleld. Bamuel, Nore. 111.

PereETtne, I'bllip, CotaiirK, Ulna.
F*rtliii, Aiiil B. P., Wan, Uau.
Pe>klai. Benjmnln F., Union QroTe, Wla.
PerUiu, Kdnr, OaponhnKan, N. V.
FarUni, Franc a B., arantvlltn, Uiuw.
Porklra.FrwIerieT.. TJItDO.H.H.
Perkliu, Oeorga A., Lnnenborgb, Tl.
Perklri, Oeorw O., Mat: lo.
Parkin*. Henry It , NetrOlonfMtoi, Ua.

e.Ct.

I.. Olorei
ParHn.Lavalclw. W-o

Perry; DaiM, HVichnile, U'api.
Periy, l>. Brilnerd, CT--X-. N"b.
Perry, Dadd C., Culumba*, O.
Farrr, Ha'pb. Asaom, Uih.
F«TT, Trornati B.. Cumberland (
FrirrKHi, William n.. Cai>n<

Pbtip-, Auatin, Andoier, M«-a.
Phalua. Frederli! B., Low.ll, Vt.
Pbtlva, e.unuel W., Lombard, III,

n, Uau.

Phelpa, Wlnthrop H., Bo. EirremODt, Uau.
Phllllpi, Daniel, Wale.. Maai,
Phllltpi, Ororie W., Worcealec, Uaii.
PhllUpa. John. Cenlralli, Km
Pbllllpi, Lebbent It.. Grown,
PhllUrl, Bamnrl, Dlaoo, Ulch
Phllllpi,Beni, DDdeerllli "
PhlUlpi. Thomaa H , Ar
Phl'inej. (teotge W.tit

Fhlppi. WlUlani H., Toqaonoek. Ct.
Plct,tt, Uyraa. jM^y city. N.J.
Pickett. Juirpli W., beaUolnsi, To.
PIsree, Aaa C., Brooklleld Centre, Ci.
Pierce, Osorge. Jr.. Kewtonvllle, Uau.
Fierce, Oenrge J., Weniworth.y. B.
PlerM.John I>., ypellantl, Ulcta.
Pierce, John E , A. B. C. F. U., Eatlrin

Flenx'TLeRoy U.. Bemardelown. Uaai.

Fl>.rcei Wcbiter K.. 8nniB™i'.°Mui.

Pierce, William, WfM BuiWn, Ue.

Fierce, WIIIIbdi a.. Champaign, 111.

Plerwjn, Iiaac, A. B. C F. U , .VsrlA CAlno.

Plaraon, B. W , Palninvllle, O.

Plpr«>n, Wllllnm H.. No. Bomerrllle. Uaaa.

Pike. Alpheaa J., Snak Crntre.Mlno.

Pike, Uira B., Nonh Boothbey, Ue.

Pike, (lu.lavnt It., M acadeBt.,N. T.CHy.

Pike, Jihn. R"wle;. Uv*.

Pike. Joilah W. C. Holland, Uau.

Flnk>'rtan.Adun,Orlon.Wli.

Pinketion, JJjron W., A. B. aF.M.,S<.iitt

Piper, Caleb W., Bandleflrld. UnM.
Pllkln. Paol II.. Farmlniuu, N. B.
Flil-y, Btephen O., A. B. a F. U., SOMlh

Plail,'Dennl-. South Norwalk, Ct.
Flail, Henry D,. Danven, VI.
„,_.. ■-• --H.,Cllinai,KaTi.

■•■H-?-):

'1(11, Uer

I., Ulsar

I'.N.J.

Pomeroy, Lcmnel, Uuecotah, Rati.

Pond, BenJ.mlD W., Waahlngton. D. C.

Pond. Chaunccf N.. Wnnaeon, O.

Pond, Knoch, Bangor. Ue.

Foil d, Jetrm lab Evatti, QanpdBn.Ue.

Pond. WlllUm C. Ban Francf'co, Cal.

Poor, Daniel J.. Lpamliigion. 111.

Pope, Charlee H.. OekUiid, Cal.

Pope, 0. Stanley, Si'luia, Ala.

Pope. Hovant W.. Black Rook, Ct.

Porter, Edward Q., I.eilngton, Uaaa.

Forlar, Ocorce, Fremont. Keb.

Ponar, Ollei U.. Oornayille, lo.

Porur, Henry D.,A. B. O. P. M., fl"or«

Chins.
Port, r, Jeremiah, FonBIH, lod.Ter.
Porter, Nolaon D , Carroll. lo.
Porter, Noah, New Haien, Ct
■■orter, 8>.mDe!, Lironle, Uloh.
Porter, SrniBel F., Orl.kany. N. T.
Porter. William, Belolt, Wii.

List of Congregatiomal Ministers.

IJan.

P^0t, Trvus V . F*» Lo::i«. Mo.
PotlAT. I>»- iel ¥^ Br-.» vkck. Me.

Poatr, W L *ri. BMr:.vi»r . O.
P^V;0, I>-3kUrl 9.. H.:.-i»f'XL, O.
P'/tvi'.. Wj. .»« g , Mb-ioaa. lo.
Pcrw^U. I«ue P^ Gr««r;«T. CoL

Pov«-]'. Johs J . B*Xi Fr*z^ri«co« C^
pyv«ll, Joho >.. M4^/r1, Minn.
P^w^l', U^-w*^! .fi B.. A d\ace, O.
PowdL, KhT». eijra^**, i».
PowelJ. Wri itfL, Mlffl r.. Wis.
pi/v«rr»t I>^ii i"< WortLinjrton, M»m.
Pnu, A Ci'M B.. N«b'a*ca C ir, X«-H.
Pratt, Kdw *r-l H., Ea«t W«x>d-u>ck, <JL
Pratt, Fran?!* <>., MiddJ4;boro% M^aa.
Pratt, G^O'-gv II.. Acawam, Maa*.
Pratt, HoraeT. Sor hfi-ld. Vl
Prau, J ]>irirs^. 6tr>nir, Me.
Plran, Lie well ru, North Adanu. Maat.
Pratt, MJ'terU., Andorer. Maa#.
Pratt, Far*o'i« tJ., lX»r-*-t, Vt.
Pratt, T\wtA'iT»: C, Hancock, X. IL
Pr«Dtlac, Norruan A., Aurura, IIL
Prcatotj, K. T.. Newton, lo.
PreatOD, Jo«ej>h P.. Bovliny Greon N. T.
Price, Levi* v.. Tic Kideroea. X. Y.
Prince, Xevll A., North E'ifie.d, (X
PrffM*, laaa/- K.. Keho!>'^th. MaM.
Pritchard. I>av 1 E., ICome. X. Y.
Proctor, Pet«;r P., .Sew Iberia, La.
Pnflden, The'*d'>re P., Lantlnf, Mich.
Pugh. J. W.. Pari», O.
Poirh, Tbomart. Kairfleld, Neb.
Pollen, Henry, Winneconnc, 'VHi. *
Puleffer, Daniel, Danbury. N. IL
Putnam, Aui<tin, New Ilari'ii, Ct.
Potnam, George A., Mnibury, Maaa.
Putnam, Hiram B., Halem. Maaa.
Pyke, Charity, Waterbury, Ct.

Quaffe, R^itKTt, Elroy. WIji.
Quick, Abra'n J., Ilochchter. N. H.
Quint, AlunZ'j U., Nuw Bedlurd, Mam.

Badcliife, T^'onard L., Spartangbanr, Pa.
Radford, Walter, Independence, K »n.
Band, Edward A., Houth Ronton. Maaa
Hand, WIIM.ira A., Bonth St-abrook, N. II.
lUrid, William II , M mchc^ter, N. II.
lUnkln, A. L., Tular<>, Cal
Rankin, Elwiurd E.. FairHcId, Ct.
Rankin, J. Eamea, WaDhldirton. D.C.
Rankin, Bimuel, G. W., Ola-tonbury, Ct.
Ranney, Timothy E.. North Troy, Vt.
Ranalow, Eujfi'ne J , Wella River, Vt.

1

Ray, Charlei B., New York City.
Ray, John W.. I^kc Clly. Minn.
Raymond, A'fred C, New Haven, Ot.
Raymond, Edward N., Fairmont, Minn.
Rea, Frederick, Dunham, Ct.
Rea, John T., Bridfftctn, Me.
Read, Ilerlx-rt A., Manthall, Mich.
Redoofr, Richard, Sherman, Mich.
Redfield, Ch.irleB, PUInflold, Vt.
R«dlon, Amof. Abbot, Me.
Reed, Albert C, FIuthinK, L. I.
Reed, Arthur T., Medina. ().
Reed, Charleii F., Nnpiorvlile, III.
Reed, Edward A., Springfiold. Mast.
Reed, Fre<l(rick A., Eaat Taunton, Mass.
Reed, G. C, Lindenvillc, O.
Re<*d, JuUuH A., Columbus, Neb.
Reed, Myron W., Milwaukee, Wis.
Reed, William 0., Beverly, Mas*.

Reti. Ajd>m, Sali«Viivj, Ct.
Rei'.. Lew.* H.. Eaat Oanaaa, CL
Relrea. Beidaaia J.. Westport. OU
Rea'Ji. Jam, gbmiirB Momii. lo.
Brjikoids. G«««|c CL. A. B. a F. IL, MM-

em T^trbry.
Reroolds. Lamlaian* Anlnmi, Meu
Rtyaold^ WiOiaa T., North Binva, OL
iii«e. Charle* B., Danref* Centre. Mass.
RlM-. Edwix^ W., Pbiladelphia, Pa.
Rire. Juhn, Hematite. Mo.
R:ee. Wali< r. LuDOBborg, Xasa.
Rich. AloDxo B.. Weat Lebanon, K. B.
Rjchar.ln, AoMia, BoatOD. MaM.
KJcfaardf, Ch&rlaa H., Madteoo. Wla.
R:c*iard», .Icbn L., G3iScafo, liL
Kictiarda, John P., Bowensbaiv, DL
Richard*, William M.. Piinoi^Mi, WK
RicliardaoD. Albert M.^ f ^wreree. Kaa.
Ric}mrdK»n. Chariea A^ Blae Raplda, Kn.
Rii-h«rd«on, Cjroa. Eeeae. K. H.
Richardson, D. Warren. Seat BridnewMsr,

Mass.
Richardson, Klias H., Hartford, CL
Richardson. Gilbert B.. Eaat Alstaad* S.H.
RichardM>n, Ue-.ry, Oiiend, Me.
Richardson, Henry J., LIuai4d, Mn«a.
Richardson. M inin L.. dturbridce, MSM
Richardton. Merrill. Mllford. Maw.
Richardson. Nathaniel, West Oloneestsr,

Mass.
Richardson. Banford, A. B. C F. M., Wfti-

era 7V«ri«y.
Richardson. William T., Kelloggarllle, 0.
Richmond, Thomas T., Taunton. Msas.
RifTtrs, AIfr«d !«., A. B. C. F. M., SWUt

.Agency. D.Jcota.
RiiTKs, Thomas L., A. B. C. F. M.,Furt8al^«

Dak.
Ri .dell, Gilbert, Toledo, lo.
Ri'chie. Georire, Big Rock, lo.
Rohbino, Alden B.. Muiicatine, lo.
Kobbins, Anson H., Lodi. O.
Robbins, El^ah, A. B. C. F. M., Stmtk

Africn,
R<.>bbiuii, H. n.. Alden, lo.
Kohbin*, Bilas W., Manchester, CL
Roberta, Bennett, Traer, lo.
lioht-ru, G. I^wis, Treroont, III.
Roberts, Jacob, Aubnmdalc, Maaa.
Kobcrtu, Jafne<« G., Kanpat* City. Mo.
IU>bert«, IJndscy .\., .Atiiens, Ala.
Roberts, Mori is, Rom sen, N. Y.
Roberts Thomis E., Keene, N. H.
Robie, Benjamin A., Groton, Mass.
Kobie, Edward. Greenland. N. H.
Robie, Thomas S., Walpole, N. H.
Robinson. B. R., Mt Pala'ine, Hi.
Robinson, Henry, Guilford, Ct.
Robinson, William A., Homer, N. Y.
Rockwell, Charles. Backingham, CL
liockweii, BomueU New Britain, Cu
Rockwood, George A., Rensselaer FiUls,

N. Y.
Rockwood, Bamuel L., Hanson, Mass,
Rodgcrs, George, Gllmanton Iron Wotks,

N. H.
Rodgers, Levi, Claremont, N. H.
Rodman, Daniel B., Montclair, N. J.
Roe, Alvah D., Af;on, Minn.
Rog'TK, Enoch B., Eureka, Kan.
Rogers, Henry M., Webster, Maaa.
R'>geri«, John. Wells River, VL
Rogers, John A. IL, Beroa, Ky.
Rood, David, A. B. C. F. M.75M* 4/Hea.
Rood, Hcman, Hanover, N. H.
Root, Augustine, Taunton, Mass.
Root, Barnabas, Am. Miss. Aaaoo*t» Jf«Mft.

List of Congregational Ministers^

203

•d W., Chenango Forki» N, Y.

P., Perry Centre, N. T.
1, Lanark, III.
am L., Andover, Maaa.
Orland, Ind.
•m 7., Cheshire, lo.
im W., Kockford. III.

D. W., Little Falla, Minn.
athiK*. Woroeeter, Maaa.
^., Belfaiit, Me.
a A., Clayton, Oal.
!or<e R., Marietta. O.
eph 8., JPanldlngville, Mo.
nas H., San Mateo, Cal.
eph, San Fraticisco. Cid.
nooan 6., Saratoga Springe, N.Y.
amael, Qarland,Pa.
>rge B., Norfolk. N. Y.
Ireland T., Mt. Pleasant, lo.
ton, Darlington, Wia.
I E.. Chicago, Hi.
.. Cleveland. O.
larles B., Cleveland, O.
harles A., Cannon Fdlln, Minn,
dward N.. Dartford, Wis.
>^f8 Ty Sanbornton, N. H.
ikial, Holbrook, Mass.
nk, Kalamuzoo, Mich,
iry A.. Colebrook, Ct.
liiam, Washington, D. O.
Iliam P., Memphis, Mich,
nry F , Sudbury, Vt.
n C., McLean, Bi.
iam H., Oberlin, O.

(}., Elkhom, Wis.

P., Centre, Wis.

A.. Talladega. Ala.

tert W., St. Johnsbury Centre,

)rge B., Burlington, Vt.

E., Hudson, Wis.
Henry H., Neb.
mund P., Belolt, Wis.
ward P., Depere, Wis.

les C, Duluth, Minn.

lam. Burlington, lo.

los J., St. Albans, Vt.

Feorge E., Hartford, Ct.

ta W , Metamora, O.

irendon M., Cheyenne, Wyo-

Alonzo, Clinton, Mich.

Joseph, Westport, Ct.

I D., Belmond, lo.

alU, Bast Bridgewater, Mass.

las B.. Thomaston. Ct.

och, Raynham, Mass.

. C, Oak Grove, Wis.

Illlam H., Worcester, Mass.

mk D., Brookllne, N. H.

orge W.. Milwaukee, Wis.

ger M., Jacksonville, III.

, Henry H.. Charlestown, N. H.

Drge 8. F., Chicago, 111.

in H , Mancelona, Mich.

n W., Canton, Mass.

liam U., Hannibal, Mo.

Iliam T., Godfrey. 111.

^philUB P., MIddfeboro', Mus.

arsons. JanesviUe, Wis.

niel, Hopkinton, N. H.

Henry A., A. B. C. F. M., Aum-

)hn, Lagrange, Mo.
John B., Peace, Kan.
Feorge, Paztnn, 111.
7illiam. Worcester, Vt.
»iahai, Hartford, Wis.

Boofleld, William C, Korwleh Town, Ot.
Seotford. John, I»nlsvi]le, Kan.
Boott, Obarlee, Chepaohet, R. L
Seott, Darius B., Lynnfield, Mass.
Scott, George H.^lyroouth, N. H.
Seott, George R. W., Fitchburg. Maaa.
Soott, Nelson, Baat Granville, Maas.
ScoviUe, Samuel, Norwich, N. Y.
Bcribner, Leonard M., St Mary's, Kan.
Scudder, Bvarts. Great Barrington, Maas.
Scudder, Henry M., Brooklyn. N. x .
Scudder, William W.. Glastonbury, Ot.
Seabury, Edwin, Walpole. N. H.
Seabary, Joseph B., Lowell. Mass.
Beavrave, James Ct Haverhill, Mast.
Searle, Richard T., Windsor, Vt.
Beaton, Charles M., Colchester, Vt.
Seaver, William R., Muskegon, Mloh.
Seccombe. Charles, Green Island. Neb.
Beeley, Ravmond H., Haverhill, Mass.
fc^eelye, Jufiua H.. Amherst, Mass.
Seelye, Samuel T., Easthampton, Mast.
Belden, Calvin, Aurora, 111.
Belden, Edward G., Manchester, N. H.
Sellers, Edwin B.. Chattanooga, Tenn.
Sessions, Alexander J^, Beverly, Maaa.
Sessions, Joseph W., West minster, Ct.
Sessions, Samuel, St. Johns. Mich.
Severance, Milton L., Orwell, Vt.
Bewail, Albert C, Willi>unstovro, Maaa.
Bewail, David B., York, Me.
Bewail, John 8., Bangor, Me.
Bewail, Jotham, Limerick, Me.
Bewail, Jotham B., Brunswick. Me.
Bewail, William, Norwich, Vt.
Bewail, William S., St. Albans, Me.
Seward, Edwin D., Laclede, Mo.
Seymour, Bela N., New Ipswich, N. H.
Seymour, Charles N., Tulland, Ct.
Seymour, Charles R., Newburyport, Mem.
Seymour, Henry, Bast Hawiey, Mass.
Seymour. Joel M.. Brookfield, Mass.
Shnfer, Archibald B., Oberlin, U.
Shannon, Oscar J., Emporia. Kaa.
Sharp, Andrew, Twinsburg, O.
Sharp, Joseph B., Vineland, N. J.
Shatiuck, Amos f ., Uollis, N. H.
Hhattuck, Calvin S., Mlllville,N. Y.
Shaw, Edwin W., Lawrence, Mich.
Shaw, Horatio W., Sabetha, Kan.
Shaw, Luther, Tallmadge. O.
Shay, John H., Beardstown, 111.
Shcdd, Charles Waseca, Minn.
Sheldon, Charles B., Excelsior, Minn.
Sheldon, Stewart, A. H. M. S., Yankton,

Dak.
Shepard, Thomas, Bristol. R. I.
Hhepley, David, Providence. R. I.
Bherrlll, Alvan F., Omaha, Neb.
Hhcrrlll, Dana, Forrest. 111.
Sherrill, Franklin G.. California. Mo.
Sherwin. John C. Monomonee, Wis.
Bhiere, Philip B., Maynard, Mass.
Shlnn. Robert F., Quincy, 111.
Shipherd, Fayette, Oberlin, <).
Shipman, Samuel B., Cleveland, O.
Shlpman, Thomas L., Jewett City, Ct.
Shirley, Arthur, Conway ^as4.
Shirrell, Samuel D.. Fair Haven, Vt.
Shoop, Darius S., Bellevue. Mich.
Shorey, H. Allen, Spencer, Mass.
Bhurtleff, David. Bhirley. Mass.
Slgston, William H., Le Raysville, Pa.
Bikes, Lewis E., Pleasant HiU, Kan.
Silsby. J., Marion, Ala.
Simmons, H. C, Marshall, Minn.
Sims, J.. Nevada, Cal.
i^lnnett, Charles N., Lebanon, Me.
Bkeele, John P., West Bloomfleld, N. Y.

List of Comgregaticnmi Mimsters.

[Jim.

tai'lh. CartH, AkniB. O.
BMhb, cbulM. Andonr, Max.
Bnlth. Ohwlf* B, WrM Utd^irC HiM.
Mtk. OhMtH B , HwtprlW, 7L
flmlib. Ktea, Middkbnn, Vt.
Sallh, U*vd A, rtemliKtn^ <X
gndtb, PdnM O, Ran. Uw.
Batui, Bdnrl P., WwMnpoo, D. C
Snltb. EdwtB. Bun. IUh,
SBllh, Kdwiii O.. ltorn*>B, 10.
Bmlth, K. H., Woiftton. ni
B-Bhb, HiJ«b P . ThmrtlT.. \<s.

Boitlh, HforrB.. Or«

t>nillh,HiDi]i.Ob«rLiti.
BmltMnH.TopckK.
Smlib, Inm W.. hi'.,

imbrldieport, lUia.

801th, J. 1
Smllfa. Joli
Bmltb, J<.li

■nan Cltj. D

;.n.ilnBiMj^.J.

■niU>, WmiKn A., Uorti

). N, Y.

Bmllb, Wllllui

.T„ New

ll«, S. T.

>,. Edn, Is

6«nb»on__„,

Him.

KookgCL

Sp«r. f^m^»» V, norftU. „

^pru. WmiuD K., Iiaabwloo, TS. H.
3pMnv a Lrwi. B, CkukMon, K
St.'tnua. I. tl P.. BUaUn, lUeb.

- . - - XMbrJjIa, T«u>-

S^ram, 3. Q^ Omik*. Scb.
Spoooer, Cb>(I« S.. OU<«l. Uleb.
Epmr, Ormarr B^ Trtw-ttt Cltj, lllch.

iiprnfw, Wllllim p., A. B. C. Y. v., A'c^

Sprtatt ttrmu W., mtebbnrj, Kul

epila«, SunaF^ Eut EUrtTard, Ct.

Bprak, W. r.. Df'inll, Vii-b.

Bpykrr. SimBn, Ithic*. Wl*.

eqB<R«, XoraiD J., Nnnh MuchMcr. CL

Sbau. n«ni7 T,. BriMol, Ct.

autford, R. 6-, Filiburs. Nfb.

eis..hT. cbuic* A., A. B. c. r. Ifq jnnft

i^Unl.

fs.scr-«-^

Suplet, ri.tl IL. Prl
eiArbnek, ChMi«« C.

•iia£t»...

sum

»,7,

.Dul>l,A.B

a p. u., ir«(vti Tww

BU-UI

• .CbvlnC,

rnlili. Hue.

Borll, Wllltam W.. Kmhford, Minn.
SueUdd. Fluyd. Midway, Ok
snow. Amioa. MUi^r'. fun, f,. I.
Hnuw, Benjimln Q , A. B. C. T. M., i/Lr»-

Souw, BarOimIn P., Airrcd. Un.
Bncrtr. BVanklln U., Ijwreo™, Kwi.
floow, lfai>wtll K., Wm.re, III.
Hnowdtn, J. E., Oikuloou, to.
Bonwrrllia, W, O,, Oonnth, VI.
8.>utbgiita, ObulH il.. Oedbain. Mm.
--" h. AU«, W<>odat«^ Ot.

iPlparrii, ,T«>i> Q. D.. ClRir Wnlcr, ICUio.
SU'-iint. J«l>h H., Kppln^, !J. H.
iSiarrri, Wllliun A., AmhrnL K*h.
fiubbin-, CbirlH G.. South Adani*, UaM.
t'lt-bblni. Vllu C-, BpilBiAald, Uiw.
Blcrllng. Owrr*. Waylwd. Ulih.

eipiEdt, .Auhal A., Prali*, IIJ.
Sktcu, nruyA., Bil(bIon,lI«M.
SWeu, RenrD IL. Topi'lu. Kan,
iSI*i'n(. Jtdf dUb v.. Belidt, WU.
Menu. Uwd; A.. CohaHcl, Uur.
SuveuuD, John O., ElUironb, Ct.
t'lswan, Amu*, MluArd. Vt.
eitnn. JfiMilib D., LIIU* V^laj, S. T-
ttuwul. niHIim C, LockfRird. CU.
Slick el, e. C.. Hnnuumrrr, Ala.
fiUfi, kdmund IL, BuMhHUr, Is.
Sitmiori. HEDrr A.. lllDri>*po11>. yfDB.
SuKkbridft, Wm. 8.. Konb Bcitui^ B. I.
Bloddtrd. J«De> P., Bynii, tU.

Btoddart. Will Ian

iiitoD. S. H.

BtdDO, Edirard P.. Pimbruka, N. Q.
Blotie, Owrg* North Trgy. Vl.
tilana. Hiu-Riy >(.. Wlnrbeater, Mau.
BLane, Jamci P., HlghgUo, Vu
etonr, Joh<iF., Uaniprtier. Vt-
BIc.D*, l^n a, Cutleton, VL
Buna, Rlobird C., Bankrr SID, m.
BMne, RoUIB «., BnwkHn, NTV.
Blone. TLnolby D. P.. H«inwr, Us4L
eionr, H-nrj O.. Oakhlll, Kb.
fllORr. J. B., Lwkpoi^ HI.

1876.]

List of Congregational Ministers.

205

Btorn, Henrj M , New York City.
Btom, Riehard 8., Brooklyn, X. Y.
Btorrs, tiylvetter D., Quinoaro, Kan.
BtoQtenbnni, Luke I., Schooley's Monntaia,

IS. tT.
Btow«, Calvin B.,Hartford, Ct
Btowe. John M., Hobbardston, Macs.
btowell. AMJab, Brvlng|Uas8.
Btowell, Alexander D., Weat Groton, N. T.
BtTBMnburgh, George, Rnnhville, N. Y.
Btratton, H. W., Albany, Or.
Btratton, 8. Fay. Whealon, III.
Btreet, George £., Bseter, N. H.
Street , Owen, Lowell, Mas*.
Htreeter, Sereno W., cay brook, O.
Bulckland, Micah W., Prentis.vulo. Pa.
Blrieby, Michael B., A. M. A., N. Y. City.
Btrong, A. D., Oberlin, O.
Strong, Cbarlea. Arcade. N. Y.
Btrong, David A.^D wight, HI.
Btrong, Bdward, We«t Koxbury, Maaa.
Btrong, Elnathan K., V^nltham, Mats.
Btrong, Gay C, O^tkalU, lU.
Btrong, Jacob H., Banta Cruz, Cal.
Btrong, James W., Northfleld, Mlon.
Strong, John C, Chain Lake Centre, Minn.
Btuari, Robert, Green Mountain, lu.
Btargea, Albert G., A. B. C. F. M., Micrth

neHa.
Bturgea, Thomas B., Greenfield Hills, Ct.
Btargess, Frederick K., Gardiner, Me.
Btartevant, Julian M., JacknonviUe, 111.
Btartevant, Julian M., Jr., Denver, Col.
Btartevant, William H., West Tisbary,

Bomner, Charles B., Monson, Mass.
Htminer, Charles B., Chicago, 111.
Swain, Aagastas 0., West Warren, Mass.
Swain, George F., PeppereU, Mass.
Swallow, JoM'ph B., Alford, Mass.
Sweetaer, Beth, Worcester, Ma^s.
Swift, Alfred B., Bnosborg, Vt.
Swift, BUphalet Y., Denmark, lo.
Switzer, Christopher J^ Bummer Hill, N. Y.
Bytveater, Charles B., Feeding Bills, Mass. .

Tabor, Rodney L., Alameda. Col.
Talbot, Bei^min, Council Bluffs, lo.
Talbot, Henry L., Durham, N. U.
Talnott, Daniel B., Bangor, Me.
Tanner, Bdward A.. Jacksonville, III.
Tappan, Bei\)amin, Norridgewock, Mc.
Tappao, Charles L., Sandwich, N. H.
Tappan, Daniel D., Ipswich, Maes.
Tarbox, Increase N ., West Kewtun, Mass.
Tarleton, Joseph W.. West New bury, Mass.
Tatlock, John, Plttsflcld, Mass.
Taylor, Chaancey, Algona. lo.
Taylor, D. T., Alburgh, Vt.
Taylor, Kzekiel D., Welshfield, O.
Taylor, Bdward, Binghamton, K. Y.
Taylor, Horace J., A. B. C. F. M., AficrO'

nesiom
Taylor, James F., Saugatuck, Mich.
Taylor, Jeremiah, Providence, U. 1.
Taylor, John G., Nebraska City, Neb.
Taylor, John L., Anduver, l^ass.
Taylor, John P., Newport, K. I.
Taylor, Lathrup, Wbcaton, III.
Taylor, Nelson, l^ockport, Lu.
Taylor, Wallace, A. B. C. K. M., Japan,
Taylor, Wallace M., New Ycrk City.
Tebbe.u. Arthur U., BluehiU Me.
Teel, William H., Lanonviliv, Maas.
Tevle, Albert K., Florida.
Teller, Daniel W., iiidgefleld, Ct.
Temple, Charles, Otsego, Mich.
Temple, Josiah H., Framiugham. Mass.
Tenney, Charles, Chester, N. 11.

Tenney, Bdward P., Ashland, Mais.
Tenney, Francis V., Baugus Centre, Mass.
Tttuneyi 11. M., Bteubenvilla, O.
Tenney, Leonard. Barre, Vt.
I'enney, Marcus D., We«ttnorelandt Kan.
Tenney, Bewail. Blls worth. Me'.
Tenney, William A., Freetown, Mass.
Tenny, Erdiz, Westboro*, Mass.
Terry, Calvin, Haverhill. Ma«s.
Terrv, Cassius M., St. Paul, Minn.
Tewksbury, George A., Plymouth. Mass.
Tewksbury, George F., Gorbam, N. U.
Thaoher, George. Iowa City, lo.
Thacher, Isaiah C, Wareham, Mass.
Thain, Alexander R., Dundoe, 111.
Thayer, David H., Bast Wiiidttor, Ct.
1'hayer, Henry O., Woolwich, Me.
Tbayvr, J. Henry, Andover, Muss.
Thayer, Peter B., Garland, Me.
Thayer, Thacher, Newport, U. I.
Thayer, William M., Kranklin, Mass.
Thayer, William W„ fit. Johnsburv, Vt.
Thomas, Cbauncey B., Amherst, Mass.
Thomas, David, Big Rock, 111.
Thomas, Duvid^Gomer, lo.
Thomas, Hugh B., IMtUburg. Pa.
Thomas, Isaac, Cumberland, Md.
Thomas. John 8., Bbensburg, Pa.
Thomas, Ozro A., Richford, N. Y.
Thomas, Reuen, BrookUnc, Mass.
Thomas, Richard P., Springfield, O.
Thomaa, liobert D., Columbus, O.
Thomas, William, Succeas, N. Y.
Thome, Arthur M., Memphis; Mo.
Thompson, Augustus C, Boston Highlands,

Mass.
Thompson, Charles W., Danville, Vt.
Thompson, Frank, Windham, Ct.
'Ihompaon, George, Leland, Mich.
Thompson, George W., Strntham, N. U.
Thompson, Howard S., Kellugg, lo.
Thompson, J. Charles, Pine Run, Mich.
Thompson, John C, Norwalk, O.
Thompson, John, South Abinirtun, M»ss.
Thompson, Leander, North Woburn, Mass.
Thompson, Mitchell, Helena, Texas.
Thompson, Nathau, New Braintreo, Mass.
Thompson, Oren C, Detroit, Mich.
Thompson, Robert M., Columbia, O.
Thompson, Samuel H., De bolo, Wi-.
Thompson, Thomas W., A. B. C. F. M.,

JSorUi China.
Thompson, William, Hartford, Ct.
Thompson, William 8., Acton, Mo.
1 hompson, William J., Newinuton, Ct.
Thornton, James B., Oakhill, Me.
Thrall, Homer, Litchfield, O.
Thrull, SAmucl R., Galesburg, III.
Thur«toii, Henry W. L., Goshen, N. 11.
Thurston, John R., Wliiimsvide, Ma.-s.
'1 hursion. Philander, Dorchester . M.i*».
Thurston, Richard B., New llaven, Ct.
Thurston, 8tephen, Seaisport, Me.
Thwiug, Bdward P.. Brooklyn, >. Y.
Thyiig, John XL, GreeuHboru', Vt.
Tillouon, George J., Rocky Hill, Ct.
Timlow, Heman R., Souibingion, Ct.
'J Ingley. Edwin 8., Huniingion, ^ass.
Titigley, Marshall, Blair, Neb.
Tinker, Anson P., Auburn, Me.
Titcomb, Philip, Plympton, Muss.
Tiicumb. Stephen, Farmington, Mc.
Tltsworth, Adoniram J., Westfi»'ltl, Mass.
Titus, Bu((ene H.. Georgetown, Ma^s.
Tobey, Isaac F., BrownsdHle, Miun.
Todd, James D., Granite Fall«, Miun.
Todd, John, Tauor, lo.
Todd, John B., Now Haven. Ct.
Tolman, George B., Brooktield, Vt.

List €f Congmgatioiml MhmUn,

(Jan.

Tiioua, BEeiisr^, HjDTQon, Va^
T-imJTuww, r. L«-qpiP. ytm*»bary, Cl-
T vm^iKlTM. >/im-a, SLrvMuw, IlL
T Mi^vtiM, ?ran ?., Oriira Point, y. T-

T-Ji.^ I««T y.. Ini-M Orj, IIL
T .rr^. C3un« Ct CbvIotLe. Vs.
T .rr»7, Cur>« W^ O.l ami'r, O.
T->rF»y Hanry A. P., &tr.ia^*n, V:.
T'WT^y, /iwepc TarmnatiL, lie.
Ti'»«,'-tofcri»fli A., drirh Chfeaago, EL
Ti'w:«r, Ti4ma«. M':**^:. Mieh.
T-v-v3M!C«i, J'lei'r*. 5'crJL Ajii2wr«e. O.
Tr»."y. Alfr»H L-. ♦jrorxan^-w-*, Wmu
Tf tcy, Oiwb B., Wilmoc 5". B.
Tr**jy, lr%, Bco^trgtoa, WLt.
Tri«!T, WLluoc, Lwtjn, I!:. ,

TrMk, X.hn L. B^ Hcly^ke. XaM.
Trttt, ChartM B., «>r-:«aw{eb, Ct.
Tr»tf fSifUli B., Bo<«tor, Mim.
Trvm^Tidfp John P.. Scar.'lish, Me.
Tnuavilt. H- C!»y, P^.tJaiVIphia. !•«-
Toec, 4^r*mj W., Jewett C:ty. Ci-
TiMkftr, E>i«xun«r, Band'.Iph Co-s ry, lad. i
Taek«r. ^ .■•-<» T., Cbiamtm F^ I , ILkM.
TxvkKT, tJrhard A-. D .^ey. X. C. I

TiMker, WiUiao J-, JTew York C::y.
Tofte, jAfnev, Moruon, MaM.
Tiur,<K:, Bob^rt 5C.. Wyacdotte, KLin.
Tops^CT, ficnry M., Ontaro. 111.
Ta/a«r, Am, <>tkaiMO«a, lo.
Tamer, fMwin B., HaniJbU. ¥o.
Tarier, J'mUIi W., Clereiao'!, O.
Tbtimt, WilUam W., llartfor . Ct-
Tothi!!, Bdward B., Martinez, C 1.
TothUt, Oifonfe M., Kaiainaz.ii^. Ui- b.
Taule, Harmon If., Worthia^t'. ; , Kina.
TaVle, WU'lam O., Ware, Mu^.
Tazbury, Franklin, Brandon, V:.
Twlnlnf, Kinnley, ProTtdecce, B. I.
Twiurbeli, .Jo«.^ph H., Ilartfori, O.
Tvitebeii, Boyar, New M jcieh, II nn.
Iwitrheil, Ja# fa E., Clcve?an.i, C.
Twr»mbly, Aii-xander d., Charlr-etu w ,
Tjkr, Amory il., M'-<nM>n, Me.
Tyler, Charle* M., Ithaca, N. V.
Tyler, Henry M., Fitchburg, Mm-.
Tyler, J'.aiab, A. B. C. F. M., 6*mtk Afriea,
Tyler, William S., Amherst, Ma«s.

UDderwfXrd, Aloion, Irvir.gton, X. J.
Uoflerwo'/d, Jo^^'i^h, Eaet Uardv:ck, Vt.
Ubderwr^od, Bnfuji B., Brooklyn, >'. T.
Updyke, Stephen G., Pent Water, Mich.
Upton, iltnry. New Preston, CL
LV»on, C. E., Lewin, N. Y.
Upton, John B., LakeTlUc, lo.

Valll, Henry M., Portland, Mc
Vaill, Wil.lam K., Er.field, Mace.
Valentine, Peter, Ml. Sterling, Wis.
Van Antwerp, John, Canandalfpxa, Mich.
Van Auken, Ilelnia« H., Aofii*ta, tlleh.
Vsn de Kreekp, Gay, Boston Highlands,

MaM.
Van Home, Mahlon, Newport, B. I.
Van Norden, Charles, St. Albans, Vt.
Van Waifner, Allen J., Klmwood, HI.
Van Wagner. James M., Sodalia, Mo.
Veitz, Christina P., Crete, Neb.
Verney, Jamts, West L^roy, Mich.
Vetter, Juhn, Nelson, O.
Vinton, John A., Winchester, Mass.
Virgin, Hsmael H., 2au £. 124th St., New

York City^
Vuientlne, Thomas J., Ottawa, 111.
Voorhees, Louis B., North Weymouth,

Vocaw. £. &, Bnukfyu* O.

City, la.
WainwQriu. TboBB* A^ BnadoB, Wk.
Ws^ncr. -r^hn U^ Hawlvj. F)l
Waiawrt^hc G«orp W_ Danfitrd, Wb.
Waxbe, Hcary B., 3tw Tork City.
Waiu. Birwn O, HopklBtao, N. T.
WafcKf#.L WillSaB. La Harpi.-. m.
Wa^ccc:. Daaa M.. Oraoffe \ aOry, N. J.
Walccc /en»miaJl W- Upon, Wl*.
Wauio, LiiTi F^ rrsBfc&rt, Micfa.
Wal.ir.a. iHmiA W^ Boatoo, Mass.
Watei, Fr-ti a.. Kiiwriii*, CaL
W^Le*. Henry A^ LtHMUl-^ster, Maia.
Wilkcr. Altacr. WalU gf -nl, Vc
Wa^^r. durlca ^^ H* lyoke, V—
Walicer. Elkaaah. Forert t^ruve. Or.
Wi Jur. «>for:fe F.. H<>U.acon, Masa.
WAlter. Gecrftt £., Brazxlttboro', Vt.
Wak^r. 'ieor^ W., Gn« ■» Mia^ PSa.
Wa.£«r, Hcne« D., fcrii^watcr, "
W^I^r, H. M. (U.:
W Jk^r, Jame* B., Wbcatoe, ITL
W*i^'. A :*«ph K-, A. B. C- F. M.,
Wa:ker. WSLiShb. ASderiy, Wis.
Wal^rr, WilliiBJ. Wiiton, Wi*.
Wallace. C.^ ru W.. Maoehcater, N. S.
Wa.Liee, Pmenoa W., B«lmoiit» UL
Wklsbe, H. C^ «JroTllIe, C*L
W3lU:n, WJLam. Wjoming, HL
WAra-too. Chancs S., Elkhjut, Ind.
Wa- •!. Eari J., Gnftoo, Vt.
Warl, Jo^ph, Yankton, Dak. Ter.
Ward. William H., /arfepearfeaf, Nav TedL

UtT.

Ward, W. PttTTsey, Gnrlna, La.
W^rCeil, Prack A.. Greenfield,
Wirner. Aaron, Amherst, Mass.
War:.er, G»rorfe R., Ti-og Juo.
Warner. Lvman, East Han'and, CL
Warner, I*ri!:y F., Fort sfcott. Kan.
M arrer , AIp^a, Koscoe, III.
Warre: . H. Vailette, GnuiTille, HL
War' en, Israel P., Lewi*toc, Mc.
Warren, James H., Son Francisco, Od.
Warrec, Le Boy, Grand Rapids, Midi.
Warren, Warren W., Volney, N. Y.
Warren, Waters, Three Oaks, Micb.
Wanvn, William, Gorham, Me.
Warren, William H., Springfield, O.
Wasbbam, Asahel C., Syracuse, X. T.
Washbom, George, Ckmttantiiu^e.
Waehbura, George T., A. B. C. F. M., Jfo-

Wastell, William P., Clinton, MIcfa.
Waterman, Alfired T., MarahaU, MidL
Waterman, James H., Feaaokee, Wis,
Waterman, William A., Marion, lo.
Waterworth, John A., Ntrw Windsor, HL
Waters, Geurge F., Bithel, Ct.
Waters, OUs B., Hersey, Mich.
Watkin, William. Iowa Cl^, lo.
Watklna, I>aTid F., A. B. C. F. M., Wttttm

Mexico,
WatUns, WnUam, Old Mao*i Creek, Pa.
Watson, Albert, Dover. N. H.
Watson, Charles C, Hinsdale, N. H.
Watson, Cyrus L., CIIAon, 111.
Watson, John P., Mashspang, Ct.
Watson, Tbomaa, Wilmington, K. Y.
Watu, Jamee^belby, Mich.
Weage, J. J., Thawville, III.
Webb, Edwin B^ Boston, Maes.
Webb. Btepben W., Great FkIU, N. H.
Webb, Wilson D., New York.
Webber, Edwin S., ^^ aiaga, ill.

List of Congregational Ministers,

Ticyj

J. S.f Breckenrldgp, Minn.

Qeorge J., bheflield, O.

Jobn Cm Wbeaton, 111.

Robert M., Ber.in, Wis.

, Peieff Lansing, lo.

o«ei C, MHnafielU. Ct.

illlani M.» Marin*; Mill-, Minn.

amea, Danby, N. V.

ilajrton, Keokuk, lu.

, JtMboa W., Mttideii, Ma***.

, Wbceler M., Smith Centre, Kan.

kbbel B., Fairfield, lo.

Borge W., Marietta. O.

in«i», Northbi logo, Ma»j».

ihu U., King«ton, K. I.

ilion, Fwlu>n, Wit.

Me« n., Lower Wnterf>rd, Vt.

jfuA P., Maaon, K. U.

•eocer H., A. B. C F. M., /fuila.

lorace A., Menom uif-v, Wis.

mea W., Ooarga, Iil.

B.. Wa»hingtun, lu.

•bert, AltuD, 111.

tld, William, Morrii^nin, N. Y.

It, Willimu D., MnDn<»\llle, N. T.

, Ansel W.| lluclkiAnd, Ma»s.

Uenrv C, Sharon, Mas-.

>y, Charles, Nasliu.., N. II.

, VVUliam W., ^t'posii, N. Y.

Cro*b> U., A. B. C. b'. M., Bangor,

£. P., Oeorgetcwn, Col.
John K., St., L uls, Mo.
Orville G., Buuut Ht-ro, ML
8. 11., Wawrbury, Vt.
c, Kdwlu, Wiooo^ki, Vt.
c, Uufus A.. Inland P.>iid. Vt.
igbt, John B., South ParU, Mt«
Ueorge, New YuricCiiy.
b,Cyrut B.,Shulburuc i«*alU,Mi
barfes A., Tcuiplvton, Mum.
eorge U., Cf rint.ill, lu.
aac C, Xc'wmarkci, N. H.
ibn W., Btllfvue, (>.
jrenzo J., liipon, NV1«.
jrman. Deertiuld, N. U.
rrin vv., We>muuth, O.
rlaodo H.. LouUou, Eiig.
UQuel J., Cornwnii, c'U
td. M. 8., IiidliU)rtp..lid, Ind.
, Jobn, Wrst AttluburuuKb,
Edward P., De WiW, lo.
Lymuo, Philudi^'l,« i.i, I'u.
, John B., Lyndon, Vu
e, Alfred A^, Anlt •, lo.
Henry M.,B«lult, Wis.
Joel F., A. B. U. F. M., 3Acro-

James M., Lynn, Mn^H.
>re, William U., Brooklyn, N. Y.
Charles, Deunv viilc. Me.
•y, Charles M.,*8pvuccriJort, N. Y.
•y, EUphalui, Wuahm^iun, O, C.
•y, JosejDh, Beiliti. Ct.
ty, MarUu K , Juck^Hiuvillc, 111.
y, N. U., (lo.)
y, William, New ll.iven, Ct.
I, Joseph D.. M>inclu-«ier, Vt.
aniel, Naiuk, Ma^n.
Vsber H., Westerly, U. I.
rohn, Twln»burg, ii.
). M., Ti*rre llauu-, ind.
el W., Peacbam Vt.
ward P., Newport, Vt.
Bmolclyn, ^<. i'.
lyman A., A. U. C. F. M., BoulQi

. C, Charlotte, Vi.

loses 11., Brovk yu, N. Y.

Willdnaon, Reed, Fairfield, To.
Wilkinson, Robert H.. North Stamford, Ot.
Willard, Andrew J., Burlington, Vu
Willard, Henry, Plalnyiew. Minn.
Willard, Jsroes L., Westvllle, Cu
Willard, John, Marlborough. Ma«8,
Willard, Samuel O., Colchester, Ct.
Willcoz, O. Buckingham, Stsmlurd. Ct.
Willcox, William 11., Reading, Mast.
Willett, Wahlon, Farin, Tezao.
Wiiley, Austin, Nortbfield, Minn.
WiUey, Cfaarlea, Bloomingtou, Wis.
Willey, Isaac, Pembroke, N. H.
Wilky, Samuel H., Santa Cruz, Cal.
Willey. Woicester, Andover, Mass.
Williums, Aaron. San Frar> Cisco, CaL
Williams, B. H., Waterville, N. V.
Wiliiams, Charles H., New Haven, Ct.
Williams, Edward F., Chicago, UL
Williams, E. M., Minneapolis, Minn.
Williams, Edwin 8., Minneapolis, Minn.
William*, Francis, Chaplin, Ct.
Williams, Francis F., Boylston, Ma^s.
Williams, George, Janeaville, Wi«.
Williams, Horace K., Almont, Mich.
Williams, Hugh R., Plaiufield, N. V.
Williams, Jomi, BanKor, Pa.
Williamn, John H., Murblehead, Mas««
Williams, John K., West Rutland, Vt.
Wiilianu, John M., Ji fferson, 111.
Williams, John P., Sugar Creek, O.
WilUams, J. W., Pursoo Station, Pa.
Williams, L. B., Glen wood. lo.
WilUams, Mark, A. B. O. F. M., NoHk

China.
Williams, Mosely IL, Philadelphia, Pa.
Williams, Nathan W., Providence. R. I.
WiUiama, Robert G., Caatleton, Vt.
Wiliiams, R. R., Minersvllie, Pa.
Williiims, Thomas, Providence, R. I.
Williams, William B., Freedom. Wis.
Williams, William D , Lorain, O.
Williams, Wolcott B., Cbartott*-, Mich.
WillUtun, MarUn L., Gnlesburg, 111.
Wlllii, John T., Hayward, Cal.
Wilson, Edwin P., Watertowu, Mass.
Wilson, Uowen C, Windsor. i'A,
Wilson, Jobn G., Tamwortli, N. II.
Wilson, J. T., Port I^yden, N. Y.
Wilson, Levi B, Valley Falid, Kaa.
Wilson, Levin, Cynthiana, Ind.
Wilson, Lewis, i^etersburg, ind.
Wilson, 'J'homas, Stoughton, Mass.
Wiuans, John, Freedom, O.
Winch, Caleb M., Corinth, Vt.
Winch, George W., Enfield, Ct.
Winchester, Warren W., Brldp..rt,Vt
Windsor, John H., OraAon, MuSr.
Windsor, John W., Batavia, 1 I.
Windsor, WUliam, Marshsiltown, To.
Winshlp, Albert K., Somervilie, Ma^s.
Winslow, Horace, WllllmHnllc, Ti.
Winslow, Lyman W., Peshtigo, Wl .
Wiosor, Richard, A. B. C K. M., hi iia.
Winter, Aloheus, Round Hill, Ci.
Wiren, Andrew, New Swede. •, siv.
Win, David, HIpon, Wis.
WUwall, Luther, Windham, Mc.
Wiihlngion, Leonard, Newl<iiiyp'>it,
Wolcott, John M., Cheshlns (;i.
Wolcott, Snmuel, Cleveland, O.
Wolcott, WiUUm H., Dudh y, M. ss.
Wolfsen, Ludwiff, I'lymtuiii, WIk.
Wood, Abel S., Kokon o, In i.
Wood, Charles W., C nip. Il> , Ma.>8.
Wond, Kr.inklln P., .\c ». , Mmss.
Wood, Giorge I., K li gi^n, Ct.
Wood, HorHCC, GilMiin., N. 11.
Wood, John, Aoion, Maas.

, Jj^

■ja.

— *

— - L

1. -;. i-

-. 1..

r

' ,i

1 '

t

* • I

i .. I

i . , f .. . .; . • .» <•

.-s

V . ^ rf-

. l< - - • ■• _ - Jl -»"

• ',\r '-l.il - - - A.— 1-

* ■ * • ■ . «

•• *^ ■ •* - . . . »
fi-. ■ -- ■ v; . -: ..-■ -■ J

11..":. J, f.-- w.,iu.«.

Licentiates.

209

:, David 8., Ct.

I, O. B.t Aobarn, N. H.

1mm, LawruMM, Kmn.

Sdward C. MaM.
).» Dooglau, Kan.

Ainr«d T., Neodetha, Kan.

Owen. Oberlin, O.

ftleb B.» Ot.

. L., Brook, lie.

3bn A., Ml

). T., Poplar OroT», III.

Daniel W., Maas.

eorge C, Ot.

KuUand, N. Y.

7oah. Alabama Fnmac«, Ala.

Fubn N.^llton, N. H.

W. A., Windsor, Wit.

, CharlM. MaM.

Vank J., MaM.

Richard H., Prof.. Amberft« MaM.

a. Robert J., MaM.

» Edward A., Toledo, O.

I, P. J., Anniston, Ala.

n, Alfredi Kingman, Me.

John R., Childersburg, Ala.

)avid MeO., MnM.

R«^r\janiin B.. Sandy Point, Me.

rno. M., North Kid^evllle, O.

R. D., Holland, Vt.

hn L., Prof., Marietta, O.

B,WilHam L., Prof., Amherst, MaM.

Ohnrlea L., Ct.

I. H., Marsbfleld, Minn.

1, WiUlam D., Ot.

b, F. W., Dover, Kan.
N. B., Brighton, O.

L. R., Ct.

A. B., South Weare, N". H.

?'randa, Knfleld. N. H.

B'l^arnln F., Ma-<B.

I, wTlHam C, Brooklyn, N. Y.

(emadotte, Ct.

i. Btuart, Tator Yale College.

Rvarta, WabaanMe, Kan.

psti-r B., Ct.

rank C, Ct.

Hnrrison, lay preacher, Newton
, MaA8.
John C, Prof., Hanover, N. H.

Rand, L. F., Keene, N. H.
Rice, Richard A., Ct.
Rieb, TbomM H^ Prof., I>wiston, Me.
Richarditon, C. Y., Paola. Km.
lioberta, JamM H., Winfleld, Kan.
Roberta, John A., Ct.
Robinaon, Stephen H., OL
RoMnaon, Thoraaa, Mms.
Rogers, w. O^ MaehiMport, Me.
Ropea, 0. J. H.^Mmm.
Rowley, C. H., Norwood, N. Y.
Ruffln. Henry, New Orleans, La.
RuMell, John E., Putney, Vt.

Sanborn, Bdwln D., ll. d., Prof., Hanover,

N. H.
Sawyer, JoMph H., KMthampton, Mmm.
Sootfleld, Henry C, Louisville Kiin.
Sherburne, Edmund C, Waterford, Me.
Skeels, H. M., Garden Pralrfe, m.
Skinner, Edward, Milford, Kan.
Bile, J. Scjrmour, Kan.
Smiih, Edward P., Msm.
Smith, F. H., Brougbton, til.
Smith, John B., Mms.
Smith. J. B., Prof., Atlanta, Ga.
Smock. W. D., Kzlra, lo.
Snell. Kichard B., Ct.
Steele, OharlM B., Msm.
Stlmson, Robert B., Ct.
Stlnchfleld, M., Lovelt, Me.
St. John, Joseph, Robbinston, Me.
Stone, M. D., Wlodbam, Vt.

Tenney. J., Prof., .\lbany, N. Y.
Terry, Roderiek, MaM.
Thomas, John, Ct.
Thompson, Albert H., Ct.
Thurston, Charles A. G.. Boston, \fiui«.
Todd, Alvin E., Mt. Washington, Masi*.
Tomblen. CharlM L., M>im.
Tucker, Hibbard A., Ou

Upton, A. G., Oberlin. O.

WalM, Frederick H., Ct.
Ware, E. A.. Pres. IJntv , Atlanta, Ga.
Waters, T.. Franklin, Mass.
Watklns, Harrison, Byron Station, Ga.
Watklns. W. H. H., Llncklaen, N. Y.
Williams, David L , Marshfleld, Me.
Williams, John, Crab Creek, O.
Williamson, J. D., Msm.
Wilson, George H., Hulden, Me.
Woodcock, Charles B., Brewer. Me.
Woodruff. William L., CMileton, Vt.
Wright, B. F., Dm Plaines, 111.

5ND SERIES, — VOL. VIII. NO, I.

14

2iO National and Siati Ofqnntzations of the Churches. [Jaa

THE NATIONAL AND STATE ORGANIZATIONS OF THE

CHURCHES.

THE NATIONAL OOUNOIL OP THE OONGBBaATIONAL CHURCHES OF THE

UNITED STATES. — Organixdd Noyember 17, UTl.

Delegate! are sent by the cburchee in their reepeetlTe local Confereneaa (on* delagvte ftir
each ten chnrchee and major fhustlon thereof)t And by the churehee In their reapective State
organizationa (one delegate flrom each, and one for each ten thonaand oommnaieaota and
miOo'* fraction thereof). The National Beneyoleot Societies and the Theologioal Bemlnarlaa
are also represented by honorary delegates (one each).

Offictrit Rev. Alonco H. Quint, i>.i>.t Now Bedford, Mass., Secretary; Rey. WQIIani H.
Moore, Berlin, Conn., Registrar; Charles Demond, Esq., Boston, llasa., Treatarw; Hon.
Chsrlcs T. Bassell, Boston, Mass., Auditor.

FrovisioncU CommiUee : Rot. Edward P. Ooodwln. d.d., Chicago, DI. (Chairman) ; Hon.
Lafkyette S. Foster, ix.d., Norwich, Conn.; Hon. Nelson Dingley. Jr., Lewlaton, Ke.; Hon.
Edward S. Tobey, Boston, Mass.; Rev. Andrew L. Stone, d.d., San Franelaoo, Oal.; Hon.
Warren Currier, St. Loois, Mo. ; Alfred S. Barnes, New York City ; and, exH^fieiU^ the Bm«
retary. Registrar, and Treasurer.

A Special Committee, to confer with other ecclesiastical bodies on comity: Rer. Leonard
Bacon, d.d.. New Haven, Conn.; Rev. David B. Coe, d.d., New York City; Rev. Aldin B.
Robbins, d.d., Musoatlne, Iowa. ,

A Special Committee, to Inquire whether the best interests of Congregatioaallsm do not
require the disuse of the Society (or parish) system : Rev. Samuel Wolcott, d.d., Clavalaod,
Ohio; Rev. Zachary Eddy, d.d., Detroit, Mich.; Edward Buck, Andover, Maaa.; Bar.
George B. Bacon, d.d., Orange Valley, N. J.; Rev. William H. Moore, Berlin, Conn.; Bar.
Pres. James W. Strong, d.d., Northfleld, Minn.; Gen. Charles H. Howard, Chicago, III.

Stated kfeetingi, — every third year firom 1871. Special meetings to be called upon Iht
request of any five State organixations of churches.

Alabama : Sec Georgia.

California, General Ashociation or.— Organ! zed October, 1857.

Officer* : Rev. Jamos H. Warren, d.d., San Francisco, Registrar and Treaaarar; Rev.
William C. Pood, San Francisco, Statintical Secretary.

SeMgion 0/1876 : Gllroy, Tuesday, October 3, at 7| o'clock, P. M.

Colorado Absociation or CongregationalChurcbes.— Organized March 10, 1808.
Officers : E. E. Hartwell, Denver, Secretary and Treasurer.
Session o/1870 : Thursday, October 26. Plaee not fixed.

Connecticut, General Association of.— Organized May 18, 1700.
Officers : Rev. William H. Moore, Hartford, Registrar nnd Treasurer.
Session of 1876 : Nor walk, Tuesday, June 20, at 11 o'clock, A. M.

, Geheral Conference op. — Organized November 12, 1867.

Officers : Rev. William H. Moore, Berlin, Registrar, Statistical Secretary, and Annalist.
Session of 1876 : New Haven, probably in November.

Dakota, the Congregational Association of. — Organized in 1871.

Officers! Rey. Joseph Ward, Yankton, Corresponding Secretary; Rev. Stewart Sheldon,
Taokton, Recording and Statistical Secretary.

Session o/1876: Yankton, Thursday, October 19.

District of Columbia : in New Jersey Conference.

Georgia, Alabama, Tennessex, and Mississippi : The Central South CoNFesEHOt.

— Organized October 25, 1871.

Officers' Rev. Geo. W.Andrews, Talladega, Ala., Moderator; Rev. Edwin B. Satlers,
ChatUnooga, Tenn., Recording Secretary; Rev. Henry S. Bennett, Nashville, Tenn., Statis-
tical Secretary and Treasurer.

Session qf 1876 : Chattanooga, Ttnn., ** second Thursday of November (9), at 71 o^ock,

F.M."

1876.] StaU Organisations of tJu Churches. 211

Idaho : In ths Ooir<»aoATioir al Absooiatioh of Oboboh.

IxxiHOn, Qbhxkal Amociation of. — Organized Jane 21, 1844.

Ogiomn » Rev. Martin K. WtalUleeej, JaokeonTille, Registrar and Oorrespondiog Secretary.
8itM9Um </1870: Quinoy, " fourth Tueeday In Kay,** at 7^ o'clock, P. M.

IJTDIAHA, OmCRAL ASSOCIATIOII OF TBX CkmORBOATlONAL OBUHOBES AMD MlMUTKSa

in. ~ Organised liarch 18, 1868.

0§ioen » R«T. Nathaniel A. Hyde, Indianapolis, Secretary and Treasurer.

Session </1870 : Michigan Oity, Thursday, May 11, at 7\ o'clock, p. m.

Iowa, Okmbkal Assooiatioh of. ^ Organized November 0, 1840.

Q0leer§ i Rev. Joehua M. Chamberlain, Orinnell, Register.

Setrttm qf 1870 : Dee Moinee, *' fLrsi Wednesday alter the fourth Wednesday In May "
(81), at 7i o'clock, P.M.

KAjraAii, Okmkbal AssociATiOir of.— Organized August, 1860.

Q0ieer»* Henry W. Ohester, Lawrence, Treasurer and Permanent Clerk; Rev. Richard
Oordley, D. D., Lawrence, Statistical Clerk.

8t9»Um qf 1870 : Atchison, ** second Wednesday after the fourth Wednesday in May,"
June 7, at 7i o'clock, p. m.

KBBTUCKT, THX BTATB ABSOCZATIOB of OHRUTIAJI CHUBOaES ABD MiNIBTBBS IB.

Organlaed • . .
S^tHtm </1870 : No report.

liOmsiABA: Thx BaornwESTEBB C05FBBbbcb. — Organized January ao, 1870.
Q0lctn and Seuion of 1870 : No report.

Maibb, Obbbbal Cobfebbbcb of. —Organized January 10, 1820.

Cyibcrt « Rer. Solomon P. Fay, Bangor, Moderator ; Rev. Ezra H. Bylngton, Branswlck,
Oorresponding Secretary; Dea. Elnathan F. Duren, Bangor, Recording Secretary and Chair-
man ofOommlitee of Publication.

SuiiUm <{^1870 : Portland, Tuesday, June 27, at 0 o'clock, a. m.

Mabtulbd : In New Jbbset Cobfebbbcb.

Mabsacuusbtt^, General AssociATioif of the CoNOREaATiosiAL Churches of.—
Organized June 29, 1803, as a ministerial body ; including also Conferences of Churches
June 10, 1808, by union of the Abeogiatiob and General Conference (which was
organized September 12, 1800).
OgUxrn i Rev. Alonro H. Quint, d. d., Now Bedford, Secretary; Rev. James P. Kimball

Baydenville, Registrar ; George IS. Clarke, Falmouth, Treasurer.
SMtiOH 0/187G : Lowell, " third Tuesday of June ^ (20), at 4 o'clock, p. m.

Micrigab, Oenebal Association of.— Organized October 11, 1842.
Qgtcert I Rev. Phflo R. Hurd, d. d., Katon Rapids, Secretary and Treasurer.
SeitUm o/1870 : Pontiac, " third Tuesday In May " (10), at 7 o'clock p. m.

Minnesota, General Congbsqational Conference of. — Organized October 28, 1860.

Officers: Rev. O. A. Hampton, Minneapolis, Recording Secretary and Treasurer; Rev.
Nathan C. Chapln, Rochester, Correspoudiog Secretary; Rev. Richard Hall, St. Paul, Stitis.
tieal SecreUry.

8€$9Um q/'1870 : Austin, "second Thursday of October " (12), at 7 o'clock, p. m.

MxssisaiFPi: see Georgia.

MisaooBi, Genebal Association of the Congbeoational Churches of. — Organized
October 27, 1806.

Officer* I Rev. C. C. Harrah, Brookfleld, Secretary and Treasurer.
SeuUm <^1870 : St. Joseph, Thursday, October 19, at 74 p. m.

Nbbbaska, Congbeoational Association or.— Orgaulzed August 8, 1867. '
Officer* * Col. Charles Matthewson, Norfolk, Moderator; Rev. Harmon Blo«s, Crete, Stated

Clerk and Treasurer.
Seuion </1870 : Kearney, ** fourth Thursday In October" (20), at 74 p. m.

Kbtada : in Gbbbbal Ajmooiation of California.

212 SiaU OrganizatioHs of the Churches. [Jn.

Kkw HAMPsmiE, OnxmAi. Amociatkmi or.— Orguilaed Jane t^ ISm.

Qffictrtt Rer. Franklin D. Ayer, Ooneord, SeereUrj; Bev. Samnel L. e«roa1d, Goft-
town. Statistical 8ecr«tarj and Tnararer.

SftUmofWl^x UtUetoB, Mondij •••ftor tlie tecoiid Babbsth in 8<pH«b<r* (11), HM

O'olOCkt A. K.

ItEir jBRflKT, Qerekal AsflOciATiO!! OF. — Organised June S, 1800.

Qfieert: Rct. Ljman Wblting, d. d.. Phlladelpliia, Pa., Moderator; Rer. Oeoiie lf.BB|»
ton, Newark, N. J., Becrv^tary ; Rer. Samuel L. Hillyer, Woodhrldge, N. J., Treaaanr.

SMMon 0^1876: WUUaauport, Pa., TacMiay, October 10, at 74 o'clock, P. X.

Ksw York, Q snEmxi. AseociATioa or. — Organised Maj 21, 18M.

Ofictr»: Rer. James I>eane , Weetmoreland, Secretary ; Rer. Dwigbt W. Marvli, >.n«
Owego, BtatbUoal and Publishing Secrvtary ; Rer. William A. Boblneon, Hioawr, TraiMM.

8eUiom<tf^A1^ : Lockport, Tneeday, October 17, at 7 o'clock, P. M.

NOBTa Caroliva.— No organisation.

Ohio : Cokghegatiosial Coxfbrxskcr op. ^ Organised Jane 24, lSft2.

Qgloer$: ReT. A. ELasting« Roes. Columbos. Registrar, Statistical Seoreiary, and Treasmri
B«T. L O. Fraser, £a»t Tol«do, AsslsUnU

S€M9ion qflSl^ : Columbus, ** second Tuesday of Jane ** ( 13), at 7 o'clock, P. M.

OmEOOH, CoxGREOATiosiAL Ab»ociatiox OF. ~ Organised 1848(?).
Qfictr$: Rev. William R. Butcher, Dallas, Registrar.
8es9ion qf ISTO : lN>nland, Tuesday, June Su, at 11 o'clock a. m.

pRBHSTLYAinA. — Ko General Aseoeiation. Sereral local organisations, tIs. —

I. The Cokgrcqatioiiai. Amociatiosi of Weciterm Penmstlvaiila, A. R Boii,
Cmmbridgoport, Register, — connected with the Ohio Oo^FERE]fCS.

H. The Welsh Cokgregatioval Ak80ciatiom of Eastern Pemhstltaela.— Oi-
ganised in 1^40. Rev. Tbonian 0. Edwards, Wilk-*»barre, Secretary.

Ses9ion 0/1876, Neath, Bradford Co., in September.

III. The Welsh Cohgregational Association of Westers PEHVBTLTA!iiA.-~Rw.
John O. Thomas, North Kbensburg, Secretary ; Evan Davies, Pittsburg, Treasnrur.

jSe*»ioH qf 1870, Bbon»burgh, Cambria Co., in September.

Other churches are eonuecied with New Yore, Ohio, and New Jerebt.

30ODE Iblaud Gokgregational Comference. — Organized May 8, 1800.

Qfictrs t Hev. C. Blodgett, d.d., Fawtucket, Stated Secreury ; Dea. B. Kuigbt, Provi*
dence. Treasurer.

jSeation q^ 1870 : Barrlcgton, Tuesday*, June 13, at tt o'clock, a. m.

gOO^B Caroldi A. — Not associated.

•jt^pH ESSEE : 5eeGEORGLA..

•M^AS, Co5GR£GATi03f al AssociatiO!* OF. — Organized December 4, 1871.
Oji*^" ^^^- Bethael C. Church, Goliad, Stated Clerk.
5e««<<^ ^ ^^"^ • Oorpus Cbrlsti, Thursday, July 13.

TjfjM. — Not associated.

'Us^noTfTt Oeheeal Coxtextioh of Congregational Miiiistsrs and CncscBEi or.

.^ organized June 21, ITM. Incorporated June IS, 1873.

QMcert: Dea. 0. F. Thompson, Brattleboro', President; Rev. Joseph Chandler, SaztoB^
•DiTer, Secretary; J. O. Emery, Montpelicr, Treasurer; Ke\. P. T. Pratt, Dorset, Corrt
rt>ondlng Secretary.

g^gion qf 1*76 : Newport, Tuesday, June 90, at 10 o'clock, a. m.

ViROUi"^ : in New Jersey Ooit fbrejice.

goiOTOW Territory : in Oregon Association.
^^gf -^lUQiTnA : in Ohio Conference.

yg,2f...Tbe churcbes are in the OoNGEBQATioirAL ahd Prbsbytbhiav Oortv-
Hn^ OF WiECOWsni. —Organised Oetober — , 1840.

}Licer» • R«^' Henry 0. Hitchcock, Kenosha, Stated Clerk and Treasnrer ; Ber. Boof J'
w taffue Fort AUlnson, Permanent and SUtlstical Clerk.
'*5JJJ|)£I» V ^•^•- 0»bkosh, Thursday, September 38, at 74 P. ».
WTOViVO. - Wo orgsnlsstion.

1876.]

State Meetings. — National Societies,

213

MEETINGS IN 1876, IN ORDER OP DATE.*

Tharsday, May 11, at 7) o'clock, p.m.
Taeaday, kay 16, at 7) o'clock, p. m.
Taeaday, May 23, at 1\ o'clock, p. m.
Wedneaday, May 81, at 1\ o'clock, p.m.
WedDOidayf June 7, at 7^ o'clock, P. M.
Tuesday, Jane 13, at 7 o'clock, P. M.
Tueaday, June 18, at 0 o'clock, a.m.
Taeeday, June 20, at 11 o'clock, A. M.
Tuesday, June 20, at 4 o'clock, p. m.
Tuesday, June 20, at 11 o'clock, a. m.
Tuesday, June 20, at 10 o'clock, a. m.
Tuesday, June 27, at 0 o'clock, a. m.
Thursday, July 18.
Monday, September 11, at 7| o'clock, p.m.

In September, day not fixed.

In September, day not fixed.
Thursday, September 28, at 7 ^ o'clock, p. m.
Tuesday, October 8, at 7| o'alock, P. m.
Tuesday, October 10, at 7^ o'clock, p. m.
Thursday, October 12, at 7 o'clock, p. m.
Tuesday, October 17, at 7 o'clock, p. m.
Thursday, October 10.
Thursday, October 10, at 7| o'clock, p. m.
Thursday, October 20.
Thursday, October 26, at 74 o'clock, p. m.
Thursday, November 9, at 1\ o'clock, p. m.
Probably In November.

* The dates given In many of the Minutes published by the State Associations are
erroneous, no allowance being made for leap*year.

Loufalana,

No information fan

Indlaaa,

Michigan City,

Klehigan,

Pontiac,

Illinois,

Quincy,

Iowa,

Dee Molnea,

Kansas,

Atchison,

OMo,

Oolumbus,

Bbode Island,

Barrington,

Oonneetieot, Asaodatlon, Norwalk,

Maaaachuaetta,

Lowell,

Oregon,

Portland,

Vermont,

Newport,

Maine,

Portland,

Texas,

Corpus Ohristl,

New Hampshire,

Littleton,

Pennsylvania, —

Welsh, Baatem,

Neath,

*• Western,

Xbensburgh,

Wiaeonain,

Oithkosh,

Oattfornia,

Gllroy,

New Jersey,

Wllllamsport, Pa.,

Minnesota,

Austin,

New York,

Lock port.

Dakota,

Yankton,

Mlaaonrl,

St. Joseph,

Oolorado,
Nebraska,

Kearney,

OeoT^fia, ete*.

Ohattanooga.Tenn .,

Oonnectlcut, Conferenee

, New Haven,

NATIONAL CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES, RECOMMENDED

BY THE NATIONAL COUNCIL.

I. Amehicah Board op COMMiBmoysRa roR Foreign Missions. — Organized In 1810.

Corretponding Seerekuries i Rev. Selah B. Treat and Rev. N. George Clark, d. d.

JYefuurer t Langdon S. Ward, — all at Oongregatlonai House, Boston, Mass.
DiUrtct Seeretarie* I

Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont, — Rev. William Warren, d. d., Gorhare, Me.

Oonneetteut. Maasachuaetts, and Rhode Island, — in charge of Rev. Selah B. Trent.

New York City, and the Middle States, including Ohio, ~ Rev. Charles P. Bush, d.d.,
Blbla House, New York City.

niinois, Indiana, Iowa. Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Mlflsonri. Nebraska, and Wis*
eonain, — Rev. Simon J. Humphrey, 112 West Washington Stre*$t, Chicago, 111.

IFbaieft** Board (auxiliary to the above) : Mrs. David C. Scudder, Miss Ellen Carruth,
Foreign SeeretarieM; Miss Abble B. Child, Home Secretarv i Mrs. Benjamin E. Baton,
Tr^tuurer i and Mlsa Emma Carruth, AttUtant TVtasurer, 1 Congregational House, Boston.

204

List of Congregational Ministers.

[Jan.

Pkentelbnrv, W. H., Waoonsta. Mich«
Bkinnor, Alfred L.» Buckuport, Me.
Skinner, George W., Wellsville, Kan.
Bklnner, Thomas y.,Milford, Neb.
Sluhon, J. L., Whltinir, Vt.
Slater, Charles. Woodbam, 111.
Slyter, S. S., Smyrna, Mich.
Small, Uriah W., Turner, Me.
Smart, WiUinm S., Albany, N. Y.
Smith, Andrew J., Watcrford, Me.
Smith, Andrew J., Neosho, Mo.
Smith, Arthur H., A. B. C. F. M., North

China.
Smith, Asa 6., Rocky Hill. Ct.
Smith, Asa D., Hanover, N. H.
Smith, Axro A., Irnubnrjf , Vt.
Smith, Bczaleel, West Hartford, Vt.
Smith. Burritt A., Mid<Uetown, Ot.
l^mith. Cnrlos, Akron, O.
Smith, Charles, Andover, Mans.
Smith, Charles B., West Medford, Mass.
Smith. Charles S . Montpeller, Vt.
Smith. Kben, Middlebury, Vt.
Smith, Edward A., Farmlnut )n, Ct.
Smith, Kdward Q., Essex. Maps.
Smith, Edward P., Washington, D. 0.
Smith, Edwin, Barre, Mass.
Smith, Edwin G., Morrison, 111.
Smith, K. H., MorHson, 111
Smith, Elijah P., DanylUe, lo.
Smith, Kzra N., Solon, Me.
Smith, Francis P., North Wolfeboro*, N. H.
Smith, George, Danbury. N. H.
Smith, George, Genesee, Wis.
Smith, Henry.

Smith, Henry R., Greenfield Hill, Ct.
Smith, Hinds, Obeilin. O.
Smith, Ira H., Topcka. Kan.
Smith, Irem W., Oti^, Mass.
Smith, Iiiaau B., Bother, Kan.
Smith, Isaiah P., Cambridgeport, Mass.
Smith, James A., Unionviile, Ct.
Smith, James F., Bcechcr, III.
Smith, James W., A. B. C F. M., Hawaiian

Itlands.
Smith, J. Malcolm, Carson Citv, Mich.
Smith, J. Mori^an, Grand Rapid', Mich.
Smith. John C, Winchester, N. H.
Smith, John F., A. B. C. F. M., Turkey.
Smith, Joseph, Mlnot. Me.
Smith, Judson, Oberlin, O.
Smith, I^woll, A. B. C. F. M., Havoaiian

Jslanda.
Smith, Mortimer. (O.)
Smith, Moses, Jackson, Mich.
Smith, Nathaniel, Gcneseo, 111.
Smith, Nicholas E . Plainfleld, N.J.
Bmiih, Oscar B., Lone Rock, Wis.
Smith, Thomas 8., A. B. C. F. M., Ceylon,
Smith, Wilder, Rockford, III.
Smith, William, Oswego, N. Y.
Hraith, William A., Morrlsville, N. Y.
Smith, William J., Newell, lo.
Smith, William B.. Auburndale, Mass.
Smock, W. D.. Ezira, lo.
Smyth, Egbert C, Andover, Mass.
Snell, M. Porter, Washington, D. C.
Snell, William W., Kushford, Minn.
Suelson, Floyd. Mldwav, Ga.
bnow, Aaron. Miller's Place. L. I.
Snow, Benjamin G , A. B. C. F. M., MicrO'

neHa.
Snow, Benjamin P., Alfred, Me.
Snow, Franklin H., Lawrence, Kan*
Snow, Ro^well K., Wayne, 111.
Snowden, J. E., Osknloosa, lo.
Bomervilie, W. C, Coventry, Vt.
Southgate, Charles M.. Dedham, Ma«s.
Southworth, Alden, Woodstock, Ot.

Sonthworth, Benjamin Wells. Me.
Bontb worth, Ed war J B., Cresco, lo.
B'tuthworih. Edward, Palmyra, Wis.
Bouthworth, Franci*, Portland, Me.
Kpalding, Gt^orge B., Dover. N. H.
Spalding, Samnel J., Newb ryport, Mass.
Spauldlng. George, Northfleld, Mum.
Bpaulding, Lysander T., Broad Brook, Ct
Spanlding, William A.. Lynn, Mass.
Spear, Charles V., Pitt»field. Mass.
Spear, William B., Dnnbarton, N. H.
Speare, B. Lewla B., Charlestown, Mass.
Bpelman, L vi P., Stanton, Mich.
Spence, Adam K., NashvUle, Teno.
Bpencer, J. G., Omaha. Neb.
Spooner, Charles S.. Olivet, Mich.
Spoor, Orange H., Traverse dtj, Mioh.
Sprague. F. M., I..eon, Wis.
Hpragne, William P., A. B. O. F. M., Kurik

China.
Spring, I^everett W., Fltchbnrg, Mass.
Spring, Samuel East Hartford, Ct.
Sprole, W. T.. Detroit, Mich.
Spyker, Simon, Ithaca. Wit.
Squires, Norman J., North Manchester, Ct
SUau, Henry T., Bristol, Ct
BufTord, R. S., Fairburg, Neb.
Stanley, Charles A., A. B. C. F. M., Korth

China.
Stanton, George F., So. Weymouth, Mass.
Stanton, Robert P., Greenville. Ct
Staples, Piatt R., Friendship, Wis.
Starhnck, Charles C, Keatskatoos, Neb.
Starr, Milton B.. Benlcla, Cat.
8t4irr. Otis A., Montevideo, Minn.
Staver, Daniel, A. B. O. F. M., Western 7W-

kfv.
St. Clair, Alanson. Shelby, Mich.
St. Jdhn, 8amuel N., Geureetown, Ct
Btearnn, Charles C, A. B. C. F. M., fFtsUm
Turkey.

Btcarns, Jesne G. D.. Clear Water, lOun.

Stearns, Joslah H., Epplng, N. H.

Stearns, Wi.liam A., Amherst, Mass.

Stebbin^, Charles E., South Adams, Mass.

Stebbins, Milan C.. Springfield, Mass.

Sterling, George, Wayland, Mich.

Stevens, Alfred. West Westminster, Vt

Stevens, Asahel A., Peoria, 111.

Stevens, Henry A., Brlichton^Maaa.

Stevens, Henry M., Topeka. Kan.

Stevens, Jedediah D., Beltilt, Wis.

Stevens, Moody A., Cohassety Mass.

Stevenson, John O., Ellsworth, Ot.

Stewart, Amasa, Pittsfbrd, Vt

Stewart. Jeremiah D., Little Valley, K. Y.

Htewart, William C, Lockeford, Oal.

Stick el, E. C, Montgomery, Ala.

Ptiles, Edmund R., Sf anchester, Jo.

Stimsoo. Henrv A., Minneapolis, Minn.

Siockbridgo. wm. S.. North Scituate, B. L

Stoddard, James P., Byron, 111.

Stoddard, .Tudi^on B., Oentrebrook, Ct

Stoddart. William. Boscobel, Wis.

Btone, Andrew L., San Franclnco, Cal.

Stone, Baman N., Fryeburg, Me.

Stone, Clarendon A. Hopkinton, N. H.

Stone, Kdward G., New Castle, N. H.

Stone, Edward P., Pcmbruke, N. H.

Stone, George, North Troy, vt.

Stone, Harvey M.. Winchester, Man.

Stone, James P., Highgate, Vt.

Btone, John F., Montpeller, Vt

St(>ne, T^evl H., Castleton, Vt

Stone, Richard C, Banker HilLIlL

Stone, Rollin 8., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Stone, I'lmothy D. P., Hanover, Mass.

Storer, H^nry G.. Oakhlll, Me.

Storcr, J. E., Lockport^ HI.

List of Congregational Ministers.

205

ry M , New York City,
lard 8., BrooUyn, N. T.
ester D., Quindaro, Kan.
t, Lake i., Schooley'a Mountain,

In E., Hartford, Ct
1 M., Hubbardston, Maat.
•ijab, ErvinggMaM.
Bxander D., Went Groton, N. T.
fh, Oeorffe, Ruithville, N. Y.
. w., Albany, Or.
Fay, Wbeaton, III.
rge JS., Exeter, N. H.
m, Lowell, MiiM.
ireno W., cay brook, O.
Micah W., Freotia-valo. Pa.
chael E., A. M. A., N. Y. City.
D., Obertin, O.
irlea. Arcade. N. Y.
dd A., Dwigbt, m.
ward, We«t iioxbury, NTaaa.
athan E., Wnltham, lia«s.
yC, Oukalla, lU.
ob H., Santa Cruz, Cal.
nea W.. Northaeld, Minn,
in C, Chain Lake Centre, Minn.
>ert, tireen Mountain, lu.
Ibert a., A. B. C. F. M., Micro*

lomas B., Greenfield Hilla, Ct.
rederick U., Gardiner, Mc.
Julian M., JackHonville, Hi.
Julian M., Jr., Denver, Cul.
WUiiam H., West Tiabury,

tiarles B., Monaon, Mats.

larles E., Chicago, 111.

BfuatuB 0., VVeat Warren, Maaa.

>rge F., Pepperell, Mass.

Otfcpb E., Alford, Mass.

)eth. Worcester, Maos.

ed B., Enosburg, Vt.

halet Y., Denraark, lo.

irlstophvr J., Samiufr Hill, N. Y.

Jharles S., Feeding Hills, Maaa. .

Iney L., Alameda, Cal.
[ijamin. Council Bluffs, lo.
nry L., Durham, N. 11.
iniel id., Bangor, Mc.
Iward A., JuckitonvlUc, III.
eojamln, Norridgewock, Me.
harles L., Sandwich, N. H.
aniei D., Ipswtcb, Mass,
crease N., West Newton, Mass,
oseph W., Weat Newbury, Maaa.
Dhn, Pitisficld, Maaa.
auiicey, Algona, lu.
T., Alburgh, Vt.
ekiel D., Welshfield, O.
ward, Binghamton, N. Y.
>race J., A. B. C. F. M., Aflcr<h

mea F., Saugatuck, Mich,
remlab, Providence, K. 1.
hn G., Nebraska Ciiy, Neb.
hn L., Anduvcr, MaA«>.
hn P., Newport, R. I.
thrup, Wh«.aton, III.
Ison, i^)ckport, La.
allaco, A. B. C. K. M., Japan*
allacu M., New York City.
\rthur 11., Blucliill Me.
urn U., Lanctivillc, Miuts.
ert K., Florida,
liel W., KidgeHehl, Ct.
buries, Otsego, Mich.
)siuh H., FramiDghum. Mass.
larlea. Cheater, N. U.

Tenney, Edward P., Ashland, Mats.
Tenney, Franoia V., Baugua Centre, MaM.
Tenney, H. M., Bteubeoville, O.
Tenney, I^onard. Earre, Vt.
I'enney, Marcua D., Westmoreland, Kmu
Tenney, Bewail, Ellaworth, Me*.
Tenney, William A., Freetown, Mass.
Tenny, Erdix, Westboro*, Maaa.
Terry, Calvin, Haverhill, Mass.
Terrv, Caaalns M., St. Paul. Minn.
Tewksbnry, George A., Pl> mouth. Maaa.
Tewkabury, George F., Gorham, N. U.
Thacher, George. Iowa City, lo.
Tbacher, Isaiah C Wurehtiro, Maaa.
Tbain, Alexander R., Dundet*, 111.
Thayer, David H., Euat Windsor, Ct.
Thayer, Henry O., Woolwich, Me.
Thayi r. J. Henry, Andover, Muaa.
Thayer, Peter B., Garland, Me.
Thayer, Thacher, Newport, H. I.
Thayer, William M., Franklin, Maaa.
Thayer, William W., St. Johnaburv, Vt.
Thomas, Cbaunc^ B., Amherst, Mass.
Thomas, David, Big Kock, III.
Thomas, David, Gomer, lo.
Thomas, Hugh E., PltUburg, Pa.
Thomas, Isaac, Cumberland, Md.
Thomas. John S., Ebensburg, Pa.
Thomas, Ozro A., Rich ford, JS. Y.
Thomas, Reuen, Brooklinc, Maaa.
Thomas, Richard P., Springfield, O.
Thomas, Kobert D., Ckilumbus, O.
Thomas, William, Success, N. Y.
Thome, Arthur M., Memphisj Mo.
Thompson, Augtiatus C, Boston Highlands,

Mmss.
Thompson, Charles W., Danville, Vt.
Thompson, Frank, Windham, Ct.
Thompson, George, Leland, Mich.
Thompson, George W., Sirutham, N. U.
Thompson, Howard S., Kellogg, lo.
Thompson, J. Charles, Pine Run, Mich.
Thompson, John C, Norwalk, O.
Thompson, John, South Abinvtun, M»sa.
Thompaon, Leander, North Woburn, Mass.
Thompson, Mitchell, Helena, Texas.
Thompson, Nathan, Nc-w BrMiniree, Mass.
Thompson, Oren C, Detroit, Mich.
Thompson, Robert M., Columbia, O.
Tliompson, Samuel H., Do boto, Wl>.
Thompson, Thomas W., A. B. C. F. M.,

A'ortA China.
Thompson, William, Hartford, Ct.
Thompson, William 8., Acton, Me.
1 hompson, William J., Newin^ton, Ct.
Thoruton, James B., Oakhiil, Me.
Thrall, Homer, Litchfield, O.
Thrall, S'lmuel B., Galesburg, HI.
Thur«ioiJ, Henry W. L., Goshen, N. H.
Thurston, John R., Whiunsviile, Ma.-s.
'i huraton, Philander, Durchester, Mi>s.
Thurston, Richard B., New Uavi^n, Ct.
Thurston, Stephen, Searsport, Me.
Thwiug, Edward P., Brooklyn, iS. Y.
Thyiig, John U., Greennboro', Vt.
TilloUon, George J., liucky Hill, Ct.
Timlow, Heman R., Suuibinglon, Ct.
Tingley. Edwin S., Huntington, Mass.
Tliigley, Marshall, Blair, Neb.
Tinker, Anson P., Auburn, Me.
Titcomb, I'hilip, Plvinptun, Mass.
Titcomb. Stephen, Farmlngton. Mc,
Titswortb, Adoniram J., Westfi^'ld, Mass.
Titus, Eugene H., Georgetown, Maxa.
Tobey, Isaac F., Brownsdaic, Minn.
I'odd, James D., Granite Fail*, Miun.
Tudd, John, Tauor, lo.
Todd, John E., Now Haven. Cr.
I Tolman, George B., Brooklleld, Vt.

206

List of Congregational Ministers.

[Jan.

Tolmau, Richard, Hampton, Va.
TomlinroD, J. Logan, 8)msburv, Ct.
Tompkins, James, Kewanee, 111.
Tompkins, Prann P., Crown Point, N. Y.
TompklDB, George T., Magnolia, lo.
Tompkina, William R., Wrcntham, ICafa.
Tones, Innac N., Dallas City, 111.
Torrey, Cbarles C^ Charlotte, VU
Torrey, Charles W., Collamer, O.
Torrey, Henry A. P., Burlington, Vt.
Torrey, Joi»epb, Yarmouth, lie.
Towie, Charles A., Bouth Chicago, 111.
Towlsr, Tbomas, Otsego, Mich.
Towosend, James, Nfonh Amherst, O.
Tracy, Alfred L., Oconomowoc, Wis.
Tracy, Caleb B., Wilraot, N. H.
Tracy, Ira, Bloomington, Wis.
Tracy, Wllllnm, Lacon, III.
TrasK, John L. R., Holyoke. Mass.
Treat, Charles R., Greenwich, Ct.
Treat. Belah B., Boston, Muss.
Trowbridge, John P., Standldh, Me.
Trombull, H. Clay, Philadelphia, Pa.
Tuck, Jeremy W., Jewett City, Cl.
Tucker, Ebenezer, Randolph County, lod.
Tucker, Joshua T., Chicopce Full , Moss.
Tucker, Richard A., Dudley, N. C.
Tucker, William J., New York Ciiy.
Tu/ts, James, Monson, Mass.
Tunnell, Robert M., Wyandotte, Kan.
Tupper, Henry M., Ontario, 111.
Turner, Asa, Oskoloosa, lo.
Turner, Edwin B^ Hannibal, Mo.
Turner, Joslah W., Cleveland, O.
Turner, William W., ilartfor.i Ct.
Tuthill, Edward B., Martinez, C'>1.
Tuthill, George M., Kalamazoo, Ml< h.
Tuttle, Harmon B., Worthingtur, Minn.
Tattle, William G., Ware, Mub».
Tuxbury, Franklin, Brandon, Vt.
Twining, Kinsley, Providence, R. I.
Twltchell, Joseph H., Hartford, Ct.
Twitcbell, Koyal, New Muuieh, Minn.
Twltchell, Justin E., Cleveland, C.
Twombly, Alexander 8., Cbarlestowi), Mass.
Tyler, Amoiy H., Monson, Me.
Tyler, Charles M., Ithaca, N. Y.
Tyler, Henry M., Fltchburg, Maso.
Tyler, Josiah, A. B. C. F. M., South Africa.
Tyler, William S., Amherst, Mass.

Underwood, Almon, Irvlngton, N. J.
Underwood, Joseph, East Hardwick, Vt.
Underwood, Rufus B., Brooklyn, N. Y.
Updyke, Stephen G., Pent Water, Mich.
Upson, Ucn^, New Preston, Ct.
Upson, C. K., Lewis, N. Y.
Upton, John R., Lakoville, lo.

Vaill, Henry M., Portland, Me.
Vaill, William K., Enfield, Mass.
Valentine, Peter, Mt. Sterling, Wis.
Van Ajitwerp, John, Canandaigua, Mich.
Van Auken, Helmas H., Auguiita, iHlch.
Van de Kreeke, Guy, Boston Highlands,

Mass.
Van Home, Mahlon, Newport, R. I.
Van Norden, Chorles. St. Albans, Vt.
Van Wagner, Allen J., Klmwood, 111.
Van Wagner, James M., Sedalla, Mo.
Veltz, Christina F., Crete, Neb.
Verney, James, West Leroy, Mich.
Vetter, Juhn, Nelson, O.
Vinton, John A., Winchester, Mass.
Virgin, b»amnel H., 220 E. 124th St., New

York City.
Voientine, Thomas J., Ottawa, HI.
Voorhoes, Louis B., North WeymoQtb,

Vorce, Juba H., Derby, Ct.
Vose, James G., Providence, B. I.
Votow, B. H., Brooklyn, O.

Wadhams, Jonathan, Oharlet City, lo.
Wadsworth, Thomas A., Brandon, Wik.
Wftgner, John U., Hawley, Pa.
Wainwright, George W., Danford, Wis.
Waite, Henry R., New York City.
Waite, Hiram H., Hopkinton, N. Y.
Waketleld. William. La Harpe, lU.
Walcott, Dana M., Orange Valley, N. J.
Walcott. Jeremiah W.. Ripon, Wis.
Waldo, Levi P., Frankfort, Mich.
Waldron, Daniel W., Boston, Mass.
Wales, Fred U., Riverside, Cal.
Wales, Henry A., Leominster, Mass.
Walker, Aldaoe, Wallingford, Vt,
Walker, Charles S., Holyoke, Mass.
Walker, Elkanah, Forest Grove, Or.
Walker, George F., Holliston, Mass.
Walker, George L., Brattleboro', Vt.
Walker, George W., Gov's Mills, Pa.
Walker, Horace D., bridge water, Mass.
Walker, H. M. (O.)
Wulker, James B., Wheaton, III.
Walker, Joseph E., A. B. C. F. M., jPbodboiff.
Walker, William, Alderly, Wis.
Walker, WilUam, Wilton, Wis.
Wallace, C>ms W., Manchester, N. H.
Wallace, Patterson W., Belmont, IlL
Whlshe, H. C, Orovllle, Csl.
Walters, William, Wyoming, HI.
Worburtou, Charles 8., Elkhart, Ind.
Watd, Earl J., Grafkon, Vt.
Ward, Joseph, Yhukton, Dak. Ter.
Ward, WUilam H., Jndependetitt New York

City.
Ward, W. Putney, Gretna, La.
Wnrtield, Frank A., Greenfield, Maaa.
Warner, Aaron, Amherst, Mass.
Warner, George R., Tougidoo, Miss.
Wunicr, Lyman, East Hartland, Ct.
Warner, Pliny F., Fort Scott, Kan.
•Warren, Alpha, Uoscoe, III.
W^arrei , U. Valleite, Granville, lU.
Warfen, Israel P., Lewii^ton, Me.
W^arren, James H., San Francisco, Cal.
Warren, Le Roy, Grand Kapids, Mich.
Warren, Warren W., Volncy, N. Y.
Warren, Waters, Three Oaks, Mich.
Warren, William, Gorham, Me.
Warren, WllUam H., Springfield, O.
Washburn, Asahel C., Syracuse, N. Y.
Washburn, George, Vonntantinoplt,
Wabhburn, George T., A. B. C. F. M., Ifo-

dui a.
Wasteli, William P., Clinton, Mich.
Waterman, Alfred T., Marshall, Mich.
Waterman, James H., Pe%vanke«, Wis.
Waterman, William A., Marion, lo.
WaterworUi, John A., New Windsor, HL
Waters, George F., Bethel, Ct.
Waters, Otis B., Hersey, Mich.
Watkin, William. Iowa dty, lo.
Watkina, David F., A. B. C. F. M., We$t«m

Mexico,
Watkina, WlUlam, Old Kan*s Creeks P*.
Watson, Albert, Dover. N. H.
Watson, Charles C, Hinsdale, N. H.
WaUon, Cyrus L., Clifton, 111.
Watson, John P., Mashspaug, Ct.
Watson, Thomas, Wilmington, N. Y.
Watu, James^helby, Mich.
Weage, J. J., Thawville, 111.
Webb, Edwin B., Boston, Mass.
Webb, Stephen W.. Great Falls, N. H.
Webb, Wilson D., New York.
Webber, Edwin S., ^^ atagag 111.

]

List of Congngational Ministers.

207

r, J. 8., Breckenridge, Minn.
r, Ctoorge J., bheflivld, O.
r, John C., Wbeaton, ill.
r, Robert M., Benin, WU.
■n, Peter, Lansing, to.
MoAet C, Munsfieia, Ct.
(VlllUm M., Marine MiU-, Minn.
Jamea, D»nby, H. Y.
, Clayton, KenkolE, lu.
ui, JoAbaa W., Muideti, Mims.
in, Wbeeler M., Smith Ceutre, Kan.
Aabbel ».. Fairfield, lo.
Qeorge W., Marietta. O.
Jameiii Nortbbilage, Masji.
Jobu U., Kiogeton, U. I.
Milion, Fi.iton, Wit.
Mosea fl., Lower Witterf >rd, Vt.
Rufus P., Maion, N. IJ.
Spencer R., A. B. C. F. M., India,
Horace A., MenomiiM'c, Wis.
Fiunee W., Onarga, III.
P. B.. Washington, lu.
bLobert, Alton, 111.
Held, William, Morrii4tnin, N. T.
velt, WilliHui D., Munu»\ille, N. Y.
Ac, Anael W., iiocLiand, M4*>b.
I, Henry O., Sharon, Mua^.
rrby, Coarlef, Nashu.*, N. II.
r«-, William W., DepuaK, N. T.
rr, Cro«b> H., A. B. C. b'. M., Bangor,

ir, E. P., Georgetown, Ool.

>r, John K., St., L uls, Mo.

IT, Orville li., Sonih Hero, Mt.

ir. S. H., Waterbury, Vl.

tck, Edwin, Winoorki, Vt.

ick» Rofuii A., Itflauil Pwiid. Vt.

ivright, John B., South Paritf, Me*

le, Ueorge, New York (jliy.

mbfCyruH B.,Shi)lburno b*ulU,MaM«

Charles A., Tumpletoii, M«ui«.

George H., Grim it U, lu.

I«aac C., Newmarket, N. U.

John W., Bcllfvue, u.

Lorenro J., Rlpon, Wis.

Lymun.Deerfiuld, N. U.

Orrln W., Weymouth, O.

Orlando H., IJouUou, £ug.

Samuel J., OornwHil, Ci.

lead, M. S.,Indlanrtp..litf, Ind.

ill, John, Wrst AtiluborouKh, Matt.

g, Edward P., De Wilt, lo.

g, Lymun, Philudd^. U, t'a.

an, John S., Lyndon, Vu

ore, Alfred A., Anit •. lo.

y, Henry M., B»lolt, Wis.

ly, Joel F., A. B. C. F. M., 3/lcro-

»

I, James M., Lynn, M>t>>s.
mote, William H., Brooklyn, N. Y.
It, Charles, I>enn> villu, Me.
isey, Charles M., Bpeiicerport, N. Y.
jsey, Kllpbalui, Wushmgion, D. C*
isey, Joseph, Beillii, Ct.
s»ey, Martin K , JuckAouviile, 111.
»ey, N. U., (lo.)
jscy, William, New Uaven, Ct.
tm, Josepli D., Mnncliesier, Vt.
Daniel, Naiick, Ma^M.
, Ashcr H., Westerly, U. I.
, John, Twiu^burg, u.
, S. M., Terre Uauu-, ind.
lEcl W., Peacliam V t.
Sdward P., Newport, Vt.
^., Brooklyn, N. V.
, Hyman A., A. B. C. F. M., Souih

Urn

, J. C, Charlotte, Vi.

, Moae* U., Brook yu, N. Y.

WilkinaoD, Reed, Fairfield, To.
Wilkinson, Robert H.. North Stamford, OL
Wiliard, Andiew J., Burlington, Vu
WUlard, Henry, Plainview, Minn.
WlUard, James L., Westville, Ou
Willard, John, Marlborough, Ma'*B,
WilUrd, Samuel G., Colchester, Cu
Willcoz, G. Buckingham, Stamford, Ct.
Willcox, William H., Reading, Muss.
Wlilett, Wahlon, Pari*, Texan.
Wtlley, Austin, Northfleld, Minn.
Willey, Oharlet, Bloomingtou, Wis.
Willey, Isaac, Pembroke, N. II.
Willey, Samuel H., Santa Cruz, Cal.
Willey, Woicester.Andover, Mi.ss.
Wuliums, Aaron, San Fraticisco, CaL
Williams, B. H., Waterritle, N. Y.
Williams, Charles H., New JElaven, Ct.
Williams, Edward F., Chicago, 111.
Williams, E. M., Minneapolis, Min».
Williams, Edwin S., Minneapolii-, Minn.
Williams, Francis, Chaplin, Ct.
WilliamB, Francis F., Boylsion, Mais.
Williams, George, Janesidlle, WI1.
Williams, Horace K., Almont, Mich.
Williams, Hugh R., Plaiufleld, N. Y.
Williams, John, Bangor, Pa.
WiIllamM, John H., Marblehead, Mas**
Williams, John K., West liutland, Vt.
Wlillams, John M., Jefferson, III.
Williams, John P., Sugar Creek, O.
WilUams, J. W., Parson Station, Pa.
Williams, L. S., Glenwood, lo.
Williams, Mark, A. B. O. F. M., North

China,
Williams, Mosely H^ Philadelphin, Pa.
WilUams, Nathan W., Providence, U. I.
Williams, Robert G., Castleton, Vt.
Williams, R. R., Miuersville, Pa.
Williams, Thomas, Providence. R. I.
Williams, William B., Freedom, Wis.
Williams, WiUiam D , Ix>ra1n, O.
Williams, Woicott B.. Charlotte, Mich.
Willldton, Martin L., Galesburg, ill.
Will«, John T., Hay ward, Cal.
Wilson, Edwin P., Watertown, Mass.
Wilson, Gowen C, Windsor. Ci.
Wilson, John G., Tamwortli, N. II.
Wilson, J. T., Port Leyden, N. Y.
WUson, Levi B, Valley Falls, Kuu.
Wilson, Levin, Cynthiana, Ind.
Wilson, Lewis, Petersburg, Ind.
Wilson, I'bomas. Stoughton, Mh«s.
Winans, John, Freedom, O.
Winch, Caleb M., Corlulh, Vt.
Winch, George W., Enfield, Ct.
Winchester, Warren W., Bridport,Vt
Windsor, John H., Grafton, Mas<>.
Whidsor, John W., Batavla, I 1.
Windsor, William, Marshalltown, lo.
Winship, Albert h.., Bomervilie, Mars.
Wlnslow, Horace, WHlimnntlc, f'l.
Wlnslow, Lyman W., Peshtigo, WI .
Winsor, Richard, A. B. C. K. M., hi lia.
Winter, Atpbeus, Round Hill, Ct.
Wiren, Ajidrew, New Swede.i, iie.
Wirt, David, Rlpon, Wis.
Wlswall, Luther, Windham, Mo.
Withingtoti, Leonard, Newl>uiypuit, Matt-
Wolcolt, John M., Cheshire, (Ji.
Woicott, SHmuel, Cleveland, U.
Woicott, WlUlnm H., Dudley, Mi ss.
Wolfsen, Ludwlflr, IMym«utl., Wi»..
Wood, Abel S., Kokon <>, In 1.
Wood, Charles W^., C niii. il< , Ma<s.
Wo(»d, Franklin P., .\e i. , 2J'ies.
Wood, George I., K ti gion, Ct.
Wood, Horace, Gii«»uii<, X. li.
Wood, John, Aoiob, Ma^s.

208

Mimstvrs; Licentiates.

[Jm

Wood, Will C. Wonham, MmM.
Wo4i<iburv, Frank P.. Kivkf.nd. lU.
Woodbury, WeluUtT, Skou hoip^n, M**.
Woodirock, Harry £., Toncauuii.-, Kan.
Woodtiull, .It hn A., lmilo:>. Ol.
Woodman Bot*. William, Gra. d D'.an;, yieh.
Woodruff, J. D., l.i-b%n<M', X. Y.
Woodward, U<Mri;t> U.. lV.i>io, lo.
WoodwATil, John II., kilion. Vu
Wood worth. Charl^* I.., B^niton. MaM.
Wood worth, Dariu«. Wr»t Wi iiAmngtrldfO.
Wood worth. lluriKV l*.. IVx-orah. lo.
Woodworih. Ia vorvtt S.. Canrp«,U«.s Uaa*.
>Vood worth, WiiliMn W.. \\n\i ■. O-
Wooll^y, J.»#*'ph ^„ rA«;uck«>t, K. I.
Woolney, Thi?t>dorv !».. New !Uv<--. Ol-
WoiOfiHT, Ua,io U., Au^urI:d.Jo. \l»*».
Woici-»ter. »lohu 11.. l*iii'.:-'j:tvvi. Vl.
W«rd»««.,lv«i-o A. s?., O r 1. SAio' .
Worroll. Ho '.ianiin K.. r.-airii' i. i v. 111.
Wrijrht. All. I U.. IVri: »ii.l. Mc *
Wrijfht. AlUrt O.. Kwx Lake. Wi*.

Wriffht, Chaancey D., Atomi, Id.
Wright, OwAioB £., AnMln, lOm.
Wright, Epbraim M., But H^mptni.WMt
Wiiifh', li^rge F.. Andowr, MMfc
WrWM, Jobu K. M., L'pton, MMk
Wright, JohnMn, Tabor, lo.
Wnghi. Newell 8., Saliiburr, Man.
Wright, SamQcl 6., l^ecch Lake,iaB.
Writrht. William B., Boston, lla«i.
Wiight, W. E. C. Danver*. Maia.
Wiight, William ti., Olasionbory. (X
Wyckoff, Aifonxo D., Chebanie, UL
Wyckotr, JamvB D., RoaerlUe, 111.
Wyckuff. J. L. 11., Woodbuiy, CL

Yeomnnf, Nathaniel T , Brlatol, N. T.
Young, Aibi-rt A., New Lisbon, Wli.
Young, John H., Ironton, O.
Young, Samuel, North H-.*nmiond,H.T.
Younga, Chrlktopber, Aqnebogoe, N. T.

Zabriakie, Francia N., Si^brook, GU

LIST OF LICKNTIATKS RErORTED.

Ano tte f UowiQff 1<»T. n.-te, — I. It Jo*» not agree in number with Snramary Ii
all ordaiae i »in« the li-t* w« re n p nM arc h»'rv dro;^iH>d. 2 The Poat Office addrtueim
of. en dolu.-i ve, — tLe I'laco bil.g ih tt of texp ^rary *L'rA-lc>e only. 3. Namea followed bySUtt
only, are of per^na approbaii-d in liie Stale min;ione»i, no reaidenee being reported. 4. Tbf
llat la icc.-mp.cie, beoauae aome Stat«*« make no tul! report ol Licentiatca.

Aduna. Al*^r. D.. Sioux F.-Ua. P^k.
Alb^% S'...-n, Pr, f.. V: ; I . l»;:ry, Vt.
Alka. Ali'O 1^. Ai'.e . M.lm. *
AUenl.i .)ci:. -J. \V.. KaM.
Ande-*o .. L». K.. O.ik Cr.ek. Wj*.

Bailev. E. !>.. F!g W.xvl*. T.l.

BalUrd. \Vaier.1., W^L ^^ ;io. N. V.

Bar.'.um. Aucu**» -e. i'.-i:-.-l r. -N. V.

Bar:l.t!. K. il.. Br.MoI. N. U.

Bdr.lt.::. W.llLuu J., lay prt»a.*hor. Lee,

ya»a.
Batchil r. Ward, l?rJit \, HI.
Bevkwi;- . C. A.. Ka^tpiT:, .\ie.
Ben; »mi::. Lre^^rg- W.,0.
Ben* .It!, K., D..tr I»ie. Me.
Be"a'<n. T:. rm.'n, Kvmuliri, .VU.
Bickf jrd. WATren F.,'i»la.;a Fa;.«. Me.
Biefcll. Fra-.s L.. Cu
B..ike,u. 0.,Ki '..
Blake, Henry W.,Maaa.
Boals, JohuC., Ct.
Boiea, Willi im E.. Maaa.
BrairiarJ. Ezra Jr., Prof.. Mlddib :r}-. Vu
Brooke, W. M.. Nora Spri :*ri«. 1 ■.
Brown, C. »>.. Potl'.'r\il.e. M..*h.
Bui-kh.im, Ma-.thew 11.. Pre«ide>:t I'niver*

sity, Burlington, Vt.
Buifum. Joohua, Miaa.|
BuUuer, Au»iin L., Ct.

Cheney, K., Powauke^, Wla. '

Co'ea, 6ul-.m.in M.. Ct. \

Cra<g, U. P.. lihghom. Me. ,

Craw!orJ,C. H., o>ccoi.i, N". Y. i

Cro-by, Jimva H., Ltiicol , Me. I
Ofoweil, Edw-drd P., Prof., .Vu.hera:. Maaa.
Or^weU, ZenasNortnlieia, Mc.

Ouri*a. Gilbert A., Ct.

l»:ok. n*o:j. timrge F., ^aaa.

l>:oke »oa, cJci-rge L., Norfolk, ICaM.

E .t.^n. Edwsrd D., ICaaa.
K^'.ward-. .lo:':uhan, Medwny, Me.
E lrt>i,:, . H W., Becket, Maaa.
K\ai*, John G.. Kendu-keag, Me.
E\a .^. W. J., Church Hill, <>.

Fiild. J. P., Kidder, Mo.

Fi. i-tcr. Clan*: I w, Princeton, Me.

Fi*k. Wilbur. Fr.eborn, Minn.

Fiake. Jo*epli E.. M;i»a.

Fi*her. ^.»ro:i !>., Ci.

Fi:«, Churl'* K.. Top^ileld, Me.

FulUr, Wy..tt, To-ladcga, Ala.

iTOchenam. D., EIH*, Kan.
Gordon, Char lea K., M.ai«a.
Gretiey, Frank S.. Pulaaki, N. Y.
Giitfwold, Frank J., Cl.
Guemaey, CharKa \V., Maaa.

Hale, I<ewia. Onekama. Mich.
HaK, A. E.. Pa:ion N. H.
Ha. I. C. L.. Sprinpiield, Dik.
Hall. Ch.irlo« 1.., M.iaa.
H i:n-in, CharUa 11., O.
Han, J. M., Mound City, Kan.
HivUen. Fn-d.-rick S.. Ct.
H.iyw..rd, J., IVflauee, Kan.
Ueniinenwav, Juhn, Brli^hton, Me.
Ulcka. Lew ia W.. Ct.
Uindle>, Gev»rge, Princeton, Me.
Hlnklev. W. H., Uevsiaburg, Wia.
Ulrd. John W., Maaa,

THE

Congregational Quarterly.

Whole No. LXX. APRIL, 1876. Vol. XVIII, No. a.

WILLIAM ALFRED BUCKINGHAM.

The face of Gov. Buckingham has become very familiar to
the people of New England, and indeed of the whole land.
By his personal presence in so many places, and on so many
occasions of public interest, great multitudes of this living
generation have seen and known him. By the aid of art,
his picture has been taken up and circulated through the
whole country. It is a &ce which, once seen, is not likely
to be forgotten, or confounded with the faces of others. It
stands out, by itself, clear to the eye and clear to the memory.
There was a manly beauty, not only in his features, but in his
whole person and in his bearing, that made him a man to be
remembered. An inherited and cultivated politeness, a gentle-
manly dignity, a winning and courtly action, were joined in
him with great force and executive ability. Whether presid-
ing at some public meeting, or mingling in the social gathering,
or meeting his neighbors in the common thoroughfares of life,
there was a grace, a decorum in every word and in every
movement.

One chief reason why he was so widely known personally,
and will be so widely remembered, is, that he ranged through
so large a field of activities. It is rare that any one man
moves in so many different spheres, and comes in contact with
his fellow-men at so many varied and diversified points. In

Entered according to Act of CongreMi in the year 1876^ hj Chkistophbk CushiitGi in the

Office of the Librarian of Congreati at Washington.

SICOND 8SRIBS.— VOU VIIL NO. 2, 1 5

2i6 William Alfred Buckingham, [April,

the first place, he was a man of very large business, well
known in the central circles of trade and commercial activity.
When he entered prominently into public political life, he came
as one providentially raised up to meet the terrible exigencies
of our late war of the Rebellion. He had been two years
Governor of Connecticut (1858-60) before the outbreak, and
by party usage would then have retired. But the troub-
lous clouds which began to loom up on the horizon made
Connecticut afraid, in this crisis, to change her leader ; and so
for six years more, through all that dark and changing conflict,
he sat at the helm and guided the State. That divine wisdom
and foresight which gave Abraham Lincoln to the nation in
those trying years, gave William A. Buckingham to the State
of Connecticut. He had been in office long enough before
the Rebellion to know the place and its duties, and, with the
opening of the war, he became a pillar of strength, not only to
his own little State, but to the nation itself.

Passing from the round of State offices and honors, he
became in the last years of his life a member of the Senate
of the United States, and had a wider though not a more
important field for the exercise of his abilities.

But this man, moving in this public sphere, the observed of
all observers, had yet other and more quiet ranges, where he
was equally at home and widely known. He was one of the
deacons of a large Congregational Church in Norwich, and
one of the teachers in its Sabbath School. And by the law
of Congregational comity and fellowship, this man, who was so
eminent a layman in a local church, was naturally called to
perform important and varied services in the sisterhood of
churches. He was the presiding officer at the conference ;
a director or the president of various benevolent organizations.
He was called to be first of the moderators of the National
Council of Congregational Churches meeting in Boston in
1865, — just as his remote ancestor. Rev. Thomas Buckingham,
was one of the presiding officers at that notable synod in Say-
brook, in 1708, which constructed the Saybrook platform. In
these various ecclesiastical connections he was brought into
familiar acquaintance with multitudes of people who may not
have known him in political or business life.

1876.] William Alfred Buckingham, 217

And in this connection it is pleasant to remember that Con-
necticut has had other governors in the past, who did not
forget their daily duties in their own local churches, while
sharing more public honors and offices. Gov. Buckingham, in
this respect, preserved the traditions of a simpler age, amid a
generation more given to change and show. Roger Wolcott,
Colonial Governor from 1750 to 1754. was an active member of
Rev. Timothy Edwards' church in East Windsor, a man of
large acquaintance with the Scriptures and of devoted piety.
That wonderful boy, Jonathan Edwards, son of Timothy,
through all the years of his childhood, doubtless heard from
the lips of Roger Wolcott impressive expositions of Scripture
doctrine and duty. They went in and out together at that
rude meeting-house where Timothy Edwards began his min-
istry in 1694.

Gov. Jonathan Trumbull, in the goodly town of Lebanon,
where Gov. Buckingham was born, was a pillar and tower 01
strength in the local church over which Rev. Solomon Wil-
liams was so long pastor. No public activities and cares ever
made him forget his private religious duties to God and his
fellow-men. If he wrote a letter to the Continental Congress,
or to his beloved Washington, chief of the army, it was likely
to be as good a letter religiously^ as it was discreet and wise
in a dvic point of view.

In more recent times, William W. Ellsworth, in the years
while he held the office of Governor of Connecticut, kept his
connection with his large Bible-class in Dr. Hawes' Church of
Hartford, meeting them Sabbath by Sabbath in the plain old
lecture-room, after a careful study of the lesson for the day.
Other cases might be noticed, but these will suffice. It is in
such characteristics as this that the glory of old Connecticut
is found.

The earliest ancestor of Gov. Buckingham on these New
England shores was Thomas Buckingham, who in 1639 ap-
pears as one of the " seven pillars " around whom the ancient
church of Milford, Conn., was organized. The formation of
the First Church in New Haven had just taken place, and the
plan adopted was that seven men, including the pastor, should
first bind themselves together by religious ceremonies and

I

m^paa^szac^oBk taasjbc ir'^firi as hbbi uTi ir Swift Duif^ and
famry »sc t&eoeaaorj t£> :^ nrmfrrwr «£ a Coogrcgatiooal
tkxstd^; best tsere vats ax riraicTTr ni ft mat dcnmd of
iecrjcrjG^ beazrtjr and pi^JtEjetj, 5^5aar was a sacred Old Tes-
Vaat&t nxsmbcTf omd tbcj wociif iK^si vith diat. Bat the
moft im^jnxnt zad vital idea vaa^ as sn tbe i»ur^i>irj»;^|^| of
the first cbarches in tbe Ifa^^arfTTSctts B^, tibat a Cdngiega-
tiofkal Clrardi cocjd firing mto being aznrviicrc, widKmt
tcffnd to set iormsy if oaly there vas a iittie companr of God's
pet>i>Ie w!k> desired to be banded togtciier in this gqodljf
fiellr/arship.

Bctt tbe pattern of organizadoo at Nev Haren was GO|aed
for tbe charcb in Milford in that same jear. Indeed, the cer-
eoumy cA Cfrg^mizadicfii lock place in Xev Haven. Mr. Peter
Tntddtn^ tbe pastor, with William Fowkr, Edmmid Tapp,
2^bariab VMiitman, Thomas Bockingfaam, Thomas Welch,
and John Astwood, were the ** seven pQIars " which wisdom
had ''hewn out" for the construction erf this chorch in the
wilderness.

Dr, Sprague makes a mistake in a note in his AnmaJs, where
be confuses this Thomas Buckingham with his son, afterwards
minister at Saybrook. The first Thomas Buckingham was
only a prominent layman, like his distinguished descendant
two hundred years later.

This man's son. Rev. Thomas Buckingham, was minister
of tbe ancient church of Saybrook (the technical name of
the church is now " Old Saybrook ") nearly forty years, from
1667 to 1709. The year before his death was made famous in
Connecticut by the enactment, on this spot, of the " Saybrook
Platform. " Yale College, founded in 1700, had its early Com-
mencements here. Mr. Buckingham was one of the trustees
of the College. Yea, more, he was one of the ten ministers
who met at Branford, in 1700, with their arms full of books,
which they laid down upon a table, saying, "I give these
books for the founding of a college in Connecticut " That

18/6.] William Alfred Buckingham. 219

was the beginning of what was afterwards known as Yale
College, and these ten ministers were the first trustees.

As we have said, the early Commencements were held at
Saybrook, though the students were not all taught there. It
was " the day of small things," and the few scholars were
quartered out here and there in the families of such ministers
as were competent to instruct them. But in the month of
September the trustees and the scattered students (at least
such of them as were to be graduated) gathered at Saybrook,
the Seniors to go through their exercises of graduation and to
receive their degrees, and the trustees to attend to the business
of the annual meeting. It was a day of rough roads and hard
travelling, and it was desirable to cover as many public duties
as possible by one journey. In the year 1708, in the month
of May, the civil government of Connecticut thought there
ought to be in the little Commonwealth a new ecclesiastical
code ; and so this civil government (not the churches) ordered
a synod to be convened at Saybrook, in connection with the
next annual Commencement. The trustees of the college
were eminent ministers, and they would serve the purposes of
the synod, so far as they went, and save other men from
making the toilsome journey. In fact, the synod only num-
bered sixteen, — twelve ministers and four laymen; so that
besides the trustees of the college, only a very few men were
called to make any journey at alL

We have no partialities whatever for the work which that
body of men accomplished. The Saybrook Platform stands
to-day only as a striking historical monument, showing a drift
of those times. Many of the churches of Connecticut never
would accept it, or be governed by it. It humbled and dis-
honored the laity, and threw an almost despotic power into
the hands of the ministers. It was more Presbyterian than
Congregational, yet not either. But it came into being in the
course of historical events, and is not to be judged by these
days, but by the days preceding and attending its origin.
Thomas Buckingham, minister of Saybrook, was the assistant
moderator of that synod. He died in the year following. The
Congregational Council that met in Boston in 1865, composed
of more than five hundred ministers and laymen, gathered

220 WiUiam Alfred Bmckingham. [April,

from every part of our wide Congr^ational field, with Gov.
William A. Buckingham as Moderator, did work which we are
quite sure will better stand the test of after times.

Rev. Thomas Buckingham, of Saybrook, gave a son to
the ministry, eminent in his profession. This was Rev.
Thomas Buckingham, a graduate of Harvard College in 1690^
and pastor of the Second Church in Hartford between thirty
and forty years, dying in 1731. Rev. Stephen Buckingham,
also a graduate of Harvard in 1693, and minister at Norwalk
from 1697 to 1727, was a nephew. He died in 1746. On
the death of Thomas, of Saybrook, in 1709, Thomas, of
Hartford, was immediately chosen to fill his place on the
Board of Trustees of the college; and in 17 16, Stephen, of
Norwalk, was also elected a member of the Board. Thomas
was a member for twenty-two years, and Stephen, sixteen.

As evidence of the good estimation in which the Bucking-
bams were held in the early colonial days, we find among the
Public Records of Connecticut such items as the following.
"This Court [1699] grants the Rever'd Mr. Thomas Bucking-
ham of Hartford, two hundred acres of land where it may be
had without prejudice to any former grant or the settlement of
any plantation. "

And agaiiv in 1704: "This Assembly doth grant to the
Rev^ Mr. Thomas Buckingham, of Saybrook, [here follow
four other names, and then], Mr. Thomas Buckingham Jun'
Mr. Daniel Buckingham and Abimeleck the sonne of Joshua
of Saybrook aforesaid, that they shall have a patent for a
certain tract of land lying and bounded as foUoweth," etc.
[Here the locality is given, showing it to be in Eastern Con-
necticut, bounded easterly or northeasterly by the Willimantic
River, which the record calls Wallamantick^ This Abimeleck,
the " sonne " of Joshua, was an Indian. Joshua was the English
name for Uncas, and the son was favored and befriended for
the services done to the English by his father.

We now start anew with Rev. Thomas Buckingham, of
Saybrook. We have spoken of his son, Rev. Thomas, of Hart-
ford, and his nephew, Rev. Stephen, of Norwalk, because they
were men of prominence in their generation. Thomas, of
Saybrook, had other children : among them Daniel Buckingham

1876.] William Alfred Buckingham. 221

through whom the line of Gov. Buckingham is to be traced.
Saybrook for some generations was the home of this branch
of the family. To commence with our own times and move
backward, the line will run thus, and the figures will show the
year of birth. William A. Buckingham [1804] was the son
of Samuel [1770], who was the son of Samuel [1740], who
was the son of Daniel [1698], who was the son of Daniel
[1672], who was the son of Rev. Thomas, of Saybrook [1646],
who was the son of Thomas, one of the " seven pillars " of the
church of Milford, (1639). All this history is made very clear
in the Genealogy of the Buckingham Famiiy^ compiled by
Robert H. Chapman, of Saybrook. We have seldom seen a
volume in this line more neat and admirable in its arrange-
ment.

Deacon Samuel Buckingham was united in marriage, near
the beginning of the present century, to Joanna Matson, of
Lyme, and became a citizen of Lebanon, Conn. Six children
were bom into this household, of whom William A. was the
second. There were two daughters and four sons. One son
died in infancy ; the other children all lived to mature life.
Two yet survive, — Dr. S. G. Buckingham, of Springfield, and
Israel Matson Buckingham, of Norwich.

Of such ancestry and parentage William A. Buckingham
was born, in the town of Lebanon, Conn., on the 28th^ of
May, 1804. No better town could have been selected for his
birth and early education. On the one hand, the place was
full of Revolutionary memories and traditions, and on the other,
it was devoted to literary and intellectual culture to a very
remarkable degree. From this quiet town, on the hills of
Eastern Connecticut, an influence went forth, through all the
years of the Revolutionary struggle, such as flowed from no
other place, large or small, in all New England. This was the
home of Gov. Jonathan Trumbull, who held the office of gov-
ernor from 1769 to 1783, and then resigned, having been for fifty
years, in one form or another, without interruption, in the
public service. By the peculiar charter of Connecticut, the
colonial governors were chosen by the people, and not ap-

1 The Genealogy in the Buckingham Family is in error in giving his birth as on
the 25th.

222 William Alfred Buckingham. [April,

pointed in England, and so Gov. Trumbull was on the side of
the people, while the governors generally in the other Colonies
were appointed abroad, and, at the opening of the Revolution-
ary strife, acted for the home government and against the
people. This, of itself, tended to give Gov. Trumbull a pecul-
iar prominence in that war, and to make Lebanon a peculiar
place. Gov. Hawley, of Connecticut, in his address delivered
in the Hall of Representatives at Washington, after Gov.
Buckingham's death, says of Gov. Jonathan Trumbull, ** Every
other colonial governor went with the king. Brother Jonathan
stood by the people and they stood by him from the beginning
to the end, — the square, straight, solid, brave, indomitable
old man."

When to his official position we add his sterling qualities
of character, lifting him into a clear and radiant atmosphere,
his large and comprehensive views of the situation, his calm
confidence in the future, even in the darkest hours, his unsul-
lied patriotism, his immense activity, it may well be doubted
whether any other man in all the thirteen colonies, Washing-
ton only excepted, had so much to do in shaping the destinies
of that long and wearisome conflict as he. This man, the
elder Gov. Trumbull, was dead at the time of Mr. Bucking-
ham's birth ; but another Jonathan Trumbull, his son, was
governor of Connecticut from 1798 until his death in 1809.
Col. John Trumbull, the painter, brother of the last named,
had already achieved a European as well as American reputa-
tion by his celebrated pictures, now to be found in the Trum-
bull Gallery at New Haven. William Williams was also alive,
but an old man, in young Buckingham's early childhood. He
was a son of the old minister of the place (Solomon Williams),
a signer of the Declaration, and bore a very prominent part in
the war of the Revolution, both as a military officer and in
civil affidrs.

Senator Ferry, of Connecticut (who now has followed the
subject of this sketch to the unseen world), in his eulogy upon
Gov. Buckingham, delivered in the Senate of the United States
just after his death, most graphically described the ancient
town of Lebanon. We have room, at this point, for only a few
of his eloquent words. He said : —

1876.] William Alfred Buckingham. 223

" There is no spot in the world where the conditions which
mould a human life are more auspicious than those which existed
in his native town from fifty to seventy years ago. Its natural
aspects were simple and peaceful. . . . The air of the place
was full of patriotic associations. It was the home of many
prominent characters of the Revolutionary period. Chief
among these was the family of the TrumbuUs. The plain
frame house in which they had lived through two generations
of distinguished service, and the old ' war-office/ as it was
called, where the elder Trumbull had transacted his public
business during his long administration of State affairs,
remained landmarks of the past until a period even now
recent. Schoolboys entering the latter looked with awe upon
the marks of spurs still to be seen on the side of the counter
where orderlies and express riders had sat awaiting the gov-
ernor's orders during the War of Independence. In that house
Washington, Franklin, Jefferson, Lafayette, Rochambeau,
and many other old-time worthies had been guests. French
troops had gone into winter quarters here, and five regiments
had been reviewed by Washington himself on the spacious
street. More than five hundred men from that little town had
been in the Revolutionary armies at one time, and every house
was fiiU of their reminiscences."

Dr. Buckingham, of Springfield, in a private letter written
some years since, says of the place : " The old Trumbull tomb
contains the dust of 'Brother Jonathan' ; ^ Faith Robinson, his
wife, of the Leyden stock ; Jonathan Trumbull, the second
governor, and William Williams, signer of the Declaration of
Independence, and was enough to awaken patriotism in any
boy, as he wandered through that old burying-ground." But
when we pass from these historical memories and associations
to contemplate the ancient town in another aspect, we have a
result still more surprising. There is not probably, in all New

1 Many readers will know, what others may not, that the expression, " Brother
Jonathan," now so common, came from the familiar intercourse of Washington
with Gov. TrambnlL Drake, in his " Dictionary of American Biography," has
doubtless stated the matter correctly, when he says that he [Trumbull] "was
relied on by Washington as one of his main pillars of support The phrase some-
times used by him, ' Let us see what Brother Jonathan says,' is supposed to have
originated the humorous term frequently applied to the United States."

224 Willtatn Alfred Buckingham. [April,

England, another place of the same population that can point
to so many eminent graduates of colleges among her sons, as
Lebanon. Some happy, favoring influence early set this stream
in motion, and once started it flowed on, broadening as it ran.
Some of the ablest ministers of New England, and some of
her ablest lawyers and judges, came from this town. Among
these earlier ministerial names we find such as these : Dr. John
Smalley, Dr. Eliphalet Williams, Dr. Elijah Parish, Dr. Ezj-a
Stiles Ely, Dr. Ralph R. Gurley, and Dr. Walter Harris. In
civil life the result is no less remarkable. Jeremiah Mason,
that giant among lawyers, among the very greatest certainly
that New England has reared, had his birth and early educa-
tion here. John Wheelock, ll. d., the second president of
Dartmouth College, and son of Dr. Eleazer Wheelock, the first
president, was reared at Lebanon, where his father was settled
in the ministry. This and some other of the eminent names
belonged to that part of the ancient town now known as Co-
lumbia. Not far from sixty ministers were sent forth from this
one township, with its different ecclesiastical parishes, and the
whole number of its graduates cannot fall far short of one
hundred.

Lebanon has given to the State of Connecticut five gov-
ernors, who have held the office nearly one third of the time
for the last hundred years. These are Jonathan Trumbull, the
elder ; Jonathan Trumbull, his son ; Joseph Trumbull, nephew
of the last named ; Clark Bissell (also Judge of the Supreme
Court, and Professor in the New Haven Law School), and
William A. Buckingham. It passed into a kind of adage or
pleasant saying among the people of Lebanon, that "they
supplied Norwich with butter and eggs, and the State with
governors. " This same town also gave Gov. Dewey to the
State of Wisconsin.

There was here enough certainly to stir the imagination of a
child, and to awaken in him a sense of the value of individual
character. But it is, after all, to the home life that we must
look for the choicest and most decisive influences in moulding
the character of a child ; and here young Buckingham was as
fortunate as he was in his general surroundings. Mrs. Stowe,
in her Men of Our Titnes^ has finely drawn the outlines of

1876.] William Alfred Buckingham, 225

this parentage. " His father was a thrifty farmer, a deacon in
the church, a man of remarkably sound judgment and common-
sense, and a public-spirited man, abounding in hospitality.
His mother was one of those women in whom the strong
qualities of the Puritan stock came to a flowering and fruitage
of celestial quality, a rare union of strength and soundness.
She had a mother's ambition for her children, but always di-
rected to the very highest things. * Whatever else you are,
I want you to be Christians,* was one of her daily household
sayings. Her memory is cherished in the records of many
words and deeds of love and beneficence, written not with pen
and ink, • but in fleshly tables of the heart,' in all the region
where she lived."

This mother came from the old town of Lyme, fruitful in
good influences and in good character. The mother of the
present Chief Justice of the United States, Morrison R.
Waite, was her sister ; and in that town he himself had his
birth and early education.

One of the pastors of the Lebanon Church (his name is
not given, but from the circumstances of the case we judge
it to be Rev. John C. Nichols, settled there from 1840 to 1854)
gives the following most impressive testimony as to the char-
acter of this woman : —

" When I became pastor of the church, I was struck wher-
ever I went with the love and gratitude which all poured out
at the mention of one individual. That individual was the
mother of our now good governor, — a noble son of a noble
mother. Beneath every roof her name was most affectionately
mentioned, as her memory is now sacredly cherished. I
wondered how she had thus endeared herself to the hearts of
that people. But when I saw her at the bedside of the sick
and dying, ministering like an angel from above to their relief;
when I saw her gifts scattered wherever they were needed ;
when I saw how little she spent upon herself and how cheer-
fully she gave to others, I understood the secret."

The oldest child in this household was a daughter, about three
years older than the subject of this sketch. A sister standing
in such relations of age is not to be overlooked in computing
the influences which circle about the mind and heart of the

326 William Alfred Buckinghatn. [April,

growing boy ; and especially in this instance these influences
are not to be forgotten, for all witnesses agree (and the facts
are within the personal knowledge of the writer) in ascribing
to Abigail Buckingham a saintly beauty of character. Her
thoughts, hopes, and aspirations were not in the line of com-
mon earthly ambitions, but were set towards choice and re-
fined culture, and a heavenly purity of heart and disposition*

Such were the aspects and conditions of life within the
house when this boy first came to years of childish thought
and activity. But the world without was also attractive and
beautiful. Though the town, in some parts, is as rocky and
rough as the ancient mountain of this name that furnished
cedars for the temple of Solomon, yet the cattle find sweet
pasturage in these rocky fields, and strong hands have subdued
large portions of the territory, until it spreads out in fertile
beauty, in corn-lands and mowing-lands, neat and refreshing
to the eye. Like many of the ancient towns of Connecticut,
the centre of Lebanon is well up on the hills, where the winds
blow freely, and where the eye may look off in almost any
direction. It is a quiet old place now. In our times the
"gods of the valleys" have prevailed over the "gods of the
hills." The manufacturing villages, the railroads, and the
cities have drained the very life* out of these old hill-towns.
But no one can pass along that wide and generous street in
Lebanon Centre, — so wide that it is quite a little evening
walk to go across it, — and not feel that this was a place of
ancient dignity and respectability. Without exaggeration, it
may be said that land enough was thrown open in making this
street to constitute a farm of large dimensions. The five regi-
ments which Washington reviewed there could march and
countermarch in those great spaces without any impediment
The houses stand at frequent intervals on both sides, and
ancient trees spread their covering branches for friendly shade
in the summer, and to make weird music when the winter
winds sweep through them. The farms, on which successive
generations of hardy freemen have toiled, slope off to the east
and west, — a picture of beauty to the eye of the traveller
coming into the place from either direction.

Four miles away westward, but still in the same town, is the

1876.] William Alfred Buckinghatn. 227

old ecclesiastical parish of Exeter, with its meeting-house
planted on wellnigh the highest hilL Two or three miles
southerly is another ecclesiastical centre, the old parish of
Goshen. Some miles to the north was the ancient Lebanon
Crank, where Dartmouth College first had its birth as " Moor's
Indian Charity School " ; and after a few years' existence in this
form, and imder this name, was moved up into the wilder-
ness of New Hampshire in 1769, and planted at Hanover.
Lebanon Crank was another ecclesiastical parish, over which,
more than a hundred years ago, the famous Dr. Wheelock was
settled. This part of the primitive township is now set o£E,
and forms the present town of Columbia.

We have given, perhaps, an undue portion of the space
allotted us to what might be called preliminary details. But
Gov. Buckingham's public life was so very public that it is
" read and known of all men," and if we should go over it, in
minute specification, we could hardly hope to deepen the im-
pression already upon the minds of the people. We have
thought it more important to reveal what is not so generally
known, — the ancestral traditions, and the household and town
associations out of which he came ; to show how truly he was
a product of our New England life and habit, and that, too,
under most favoring conditions.

For the first eighteen years he was a farmer's boy, — up early
in the morning to milk and drive the cows to pasture, and
bring up the wide-horned oxen for the labors of the day. He
brought back the wandering sheep, when they had climbed over
the stone walls into the street, or into other people's lands ;
he took care of the tender young lambs when the cold storms
of the early spring came upon them ; he ploughed and hoed,
and helped still further to civilize those hard and rocky fields
on which other generations had wrought But this was not
the whole of his life. The district school was busy, and win-
ter evenings were long; and seven or eight miles away, at
Colchester, Bacon Academy was doing its work, a work which
even then it had long been doing, and is active in the same
way to this day ; and hither the youth could repair for that
higher instruction which the district school could not give.
Gov. Buckingham was well educated in early life, though he

228 William Alfred Buckingham, [April,

did not, like so many of the youth of his town, " go to col-
lege."

At eighteen he taught a winter school in Lyme, his mother^s
birthplace. Hardly any young man at that age teaches
school without receiving, at least for the first winter, as much
education as he imparts ; and the more thoroughly he works
for others, the greater is the advantage which he reaps for
himself. He was wanted for the same school another season,
but he thought it better to help his father a little longer, for
he was now getting ready to embark upon mercantile life. At
twenty he went into a dry-goods store in Norwich as clerk,
where he remained two years. At twenty-two he went to
New York as clerk in a wholesale store, but soon returned
and established himself in Norwich in the dry-goods business
for himself. In 1830 he became a carpet-manufacturer, mak-
ing that style of carpets known as " ingrain." He continued
in this business eighteen years. In 1848 be went into the
rubber business, and became a leading member of the Hay-
ward Rubber Co., having its workshops at Colchester. This
place was sixteen miles from Norwich, where Mr. Buckingham
still kept his residence, with no railroad communications what-
ever. All the raw material had to be carried from Norwich
by teams, and the manufactured goods brought back in the
same way. But it made Colchester a busy place ; for many
hand^ were employed, and the company was exceedingly pros-
perous. Mr. Buckingham was its treasurer and largely its
business manager. From the thriving condition of his affairs
in this connection he became a stockholder, and to some extent
a manager, in eight or ten different manufacturing companies,
so that he now touched the great business world at many
points.

Up to this period of his life (about 1850), though he had
been an active and somewhat prominent Whig and Republican,
he had had little official connection with political life. He
had been chosen mayor of Norwich in 1849 ^^^ * ^^^m of two
years, and was again elected for a two years' term in 1856.
But about that time the Republicans of Eastern Connecticut
began to turn towards him as a candidate for governor. He
would probably have been nominated at the convention in

18/6.] WilluiM Alfred Bttckingham. 229

1857 had not a heavy snow-storm prevented many of the del-
egates from Eastern Connecticut, especially from Windham
County, from reaching the place of meeting. This was re-
garded afterwards as a providential event ; for if he had been
nominated and chosen in 1857, he would, by party usage, have
gone out in 1859, ^^^ some other man would have been in
office in i860, when the war broke out. It is the deep convic-
tion of the people of Connecticut that no other man could
in that crisis have done what he did. . His previous large
connections with business enabled him to command resources
in this pressing exigency upon which other men could not
have laid hold. He was nominated and chosen governor, as
before stated, in 1858, and the little Commonwealth did not
dare to drop him in i860, and so he was governor for eight
years, and in some of those years was elected by such sweep-
ing majorities as the Republicans of that little State may not
soon see again.

We have no wish or purpose to exalt Gov. Buckingham
unduly above many other governors in the Northern States.
Not a few of them have left noble records, and this is not a
place for rude comparisons. Nor can we venture even to enter
upon that war record in detail. It is too voluminous. From
the first outbreak, when he hurried Gen. Aiken, afterwards his
son-in-law, away to Washington, to assure President Lincoln
that the troops were coming, through all those gloomy four
years, till General Lee*s final surrender, he was boundless in
his activity. He seemed a man as truly raised up for the
exigency as did his great townsman. Gov. Trumbull, in the
years of the Revolution. Is there anything weak or super-
stitious in the thought, that the God who of old prepared
Abraham and Moses and David, by a peculiar early experience
and discipline, for the great part they were to act in the history
of our race, was just as distinctly preparing him in those early
years, on the hills of Eastern Connecticut, for the great crisis
that came upon this nation in 1860.^ Was it a mere chance
that enveloped his childhood in such an atmosphere of patriot-
ism ; that opened his eyes to look upon the monuments of the
illustrious dead, and upon the faces of men yet living, who had
done so noble a work for their country in her great struggle for

230 William Alfred Buckingham. [April,

liberty ? We do not so understand the events of human life.
Such men as Abraham Lincoln, John A. Andrew, William A.
Buckingham, and others, were chosen, trained, and prepared
for that sharp crisis of the Rebellion, as truly as Moses was
fitted and appointed to lead the children of Israel out from the
house of their bondage.

In the year 1865, when the war closed, Gov. Buckingham,
after seven years of service, was re-elected governor for the
last time, by such a majority as even he had never received
before. It was the crowning testimony of his fellow-citizens
to his faithfulness and to the great value of his services. He
filled the office for the eighth year ; but the war was now over,
and he desired to retire. From 1866 to '69 he had a kind of
respite from public cares, but in the last-named year he was
chosen a member of the Senate of the United States for the
full term of six years. We shall not stop to dwell upon the
particulars of that senatorial service, but will leave others to
tell the story, before we close.

Let us turn back now for a few moments, to view him in his
domestic relations, and in the more quiet walks of his large
and beneficent life.

Gov. Buckingham was united in marriage, Sept. 27, 1830, to
Miss Eliza Ripley, daughter of Major Dwight Ripley, a prom-
inent merchant of Norwich in the early part of the present
century. In this happy relation he lived thirty-eight years,
his wife dying April 19, 1868, greatly beloved and cherished
in the large circle of kindred and friends among whom she
had so long lived. They had two children, — a son, Wil-
liam Ripley, who died when two years old, in 1838 ; and a
daughter, Eliza Coit, now the wife of Gen. William A. Aiken,
who was an honored Aid of the governor in the years of the
war.

In the Broadway Church at Norwich, Deacon Buckingham
was even more of a " pillar " than his great ancestor, Thomas
Buckingham, had been in the ancient church of Milford. It
was largely through his agency that the church was organized.
He made public profession of his faith in Christ in 1830, and
connected himself with the Second Church in Norwich, of
which Rev. Alfred Mitchel was then pastor. He continued in

18/6.] William Alfred Buckingham. 231

this connection for twelve years, and was most useful and
haiq>y in it. Meanwhile Mr. Mitchel had died, and after
another brief pastorate, Dr. Alvan Bond, now venerable with
age, in 1835 had entered upon his long ministry. The con-
gregation were most cordially united under him, and the
a£Eairs of the parish were eminently prosperous. In no divi-
sive spirit, but simply because he thought, for the honor of
Christ and His cause, that Norwich ought to have another Con-
gregational church, he made a report to that effect in 1838,
which, four years later, resulted in the going forth of a colony
to establish what is now known as the Broadway Church and
Society. He gave to the new society an organ, and built for
it a Mission Chapel, besides all that he had given for the main
edifice.

He is said to have been the largest individual donor to the
Norwich Free Academy, an institution founded upon a truly
catholic basis, and justly the pride of that unique and beau-
tiful little city. His gifts to this institution, built by the
subscriptions of many, are said to have amounted to about

For the reorganization and uplifting of the Yale Divinity
School, which, after Dr. Taylor's death, fell into some measure
of neglect and decay, he made the generous offering of
^25,000. Through this donation, and others which have fol-
lowed, that institution now occupies a prominent position
among our theological schools. As governor of the State
of Connecticut, he was a member of the corporation of Yale
College, as his ancestor. Rev. Thomas Buckingham, of Say-
brook, had been more than a hundred and fifty years before.
In 1866, just after he had ceased to be a member, that corpo-
ration worthily bestowed upon him the degree of LL. D.

He was a corporate member of the American Board, and
officially connected with several of our benevolent societies.
As an instance of his faithfulness in all these more quiet
walks of usefulness, the following circumstance may be men-
tioned. At the time of the union of the "American Education
Society " and " The Society for the Promotion of Collegiate
and Theological Education," which took place in May, 1874,
under a new charter from the Legislature of Massachusetts,

SECOND SERIES. — VOU VIIL NO. 2. l6

232 William Alfred Buckingham, [April,

Grov. Buckingham was elected its president At the same
time he was frankly told that the Society did not wish to impose
new burdens upon him, amid his many private and public
cares ; that it wanted his name for the weight and dignity
in it ; and that he need not feel constrained to attend the
quarterly meetings except at his own convenience. The first
quarterly meeting fell in the July following ; and very unex-
pectedly to the directors, but to their gjeat gratification, their
new president was on hand in Boston, at the moment, and
presided at the meeting.

These details might be almost indefinitely extended, but we
must hasten to a conclusion.

Gov. Buckingham died in his own home at Norwich, on the
night of Feb. 4, 1875. He had completed his "threescore
years and ten " which the Psalmist so long ago fixed as the
" days of our years." Such had been his failing health and
strength in the months preceding, that he had not been able
to join his associates in the Senate at Washington during that
session. But the news of his death was quickly conveyed to
them, and all that could be done to the honor of his memory
was promptly done. Some great men have died out of the
Senate of the United States within the past few years, and
fitting tributes have been paid them, but it may be doubted
whether any one has drawn more upon the fountains of ten-
derness than he. In the speeches both in the Senate and the
House there is a remarkable absence of what may be called
formal and conventional. They are such words as mourners
speak when the eye is moist and the heart full. It was Satur-
day, Feb. 27, when the commemorative service was held in
the Senate, and Senator Ferry said : —

" I love to contemplate that portion of his life when, a simple private
citizen, he was doing the work which he found to do, without thought
of the greater future which awaited him. No opportunity to do good,
great or small, escaped him. He taught little children in the Sunday
School. As deacon of the church, he was its almoner to the poor, and the
distributer of the sacred emblems to the membership of its communion
and to the stranger within its gates. He helped to found academies, build
up public libraries, provide or feeble churches, promote temperance
reform, endow colleges, and to send the light of Christian civilization to
the remotest comers of the globe. And all this so quietly, so naturally,

1876.] William Alfred Buckingham. 233

as it were, that, proceeding from him, it seemed nothing extraordinary.

Moreover, there were ever flowing from him streams of hidden beneficence,

giaddeoing many hearts and drying the tears in many eyes, whose story

never will be told till the secrets of all hearts shall be revealed.

» ••••••••

** An incident which occurred on the day of his funeral may perhaps
fitly close these reminiscences. All the morning, in the home where he
had so long dwelt, his body lay in its still repose, while friends and
acquaintances from his own and adjacent communities passed in long pro-
cession through the silent room, taking one last look at the face of the
departed. It was an impressive scene : great dignitaries were there, cab-
inet officers, senators, representatives, governors, and judges of the land ;
young and old, rich and poor, men and women, the wise, the brilliant, and
the beautiful. Among them all was observed a humble negro couple
advanced in years. With bowed faces they paused at the coffin, gazed
upon the calm features with tears streaming down their dusky cheeks, and
passed on, bursting into irrepressible sobs as they moved from the apart-
ment. No one knew the story of those tears, but from what I know of
the dead I am sure that there was a story in them, and I call to mind the
words of Him who said, ' Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the
least of these my brethren, ye have done it unto me.' "

No one spoke more tenderly on that occasion than Senator
Howe, of Wisconsin. These are a few of his moving words : —

"Mr. President, I put on no sable, none of the trappi|gs of woe, to
stand by the bier of Buckingham. I recall no single trait in his character,
no incident in his career, to bow me with a sense of humiliation. On the
contrary, the memory of all the years I knew him fills me with exultation.
To be sure, as I look to the chair he occupied, I miss the breathing bene-
diction which always seemed to emanate from it while he sat there. As I
look into the saddened faces of the Senate, I see clearly * he is not here.'
But not one angel only, a multitude rather which no man hath numbered,
aU in shining garments, assure me 'he is risen.'

"And then, sir, I remember with grateful pride that he was an American
Senator.

" One incident in his life I will venture to recall, which not inaptly
illustrates his enduring excellence. By command of the Senate I was
with others assigned but three years ago to aid the deceased on the inves-
tigation of alleged abuses in the customs service in New York. It was an
irksome task, yet we prosecuted it for weeks. Daily we were splashed
with the foul humors engendered in the slandered politics of a great city.
Malice unwound a hideous web before us, shot with a thread of fact to a
shuttleful of falsehood.

" During the whole trial I did not once hear from him a censorious
remark or even a petulant exclamation. It was evident he was human,

234 William Alfred Buckingham. [April,

and that he felt . . . Bat the poultice of a night relieyed the snffering, and
each succeeding day restored him to his work, showing no more trace of
scars from the inflictions of the yesterdays than the son bore which
lighted him to his work.

'*Mr. President, I have long felt to regret that I never heard Jenny Lind
sing, that I never saw Rachel act They must have been marvelloos speci-
mens of art Gov. Buckingham was a grand piece of nature. I shall
always regret that I could not have known him in domestic life. I am
persuaded that was his masterpiece. I never saw him in the presence of
a child, but I partly know what he was as a father. Once he spoke to
me of a daughter, and no June morning ever suffused the eastern sky with
a more genial radiance than that which broke over the £eice of the fiuher
as he told me how good that daughter was."

Senator Pratt, of Indiana, bore this happy testimony to the
quality of that public service which Grov. Buckingham had
rendered to the country: —

<' He was a statesman in the best sense of that term. What makes a
statesman ? Not knowledge alone, however wide, deep, varied, and all-
comprehensive ; not mere quickness of apprehension to detect the latent
fallacy in argument or proposition ; not large experience with men and
subjects in the legislative forum, nor familiarity with parliamentary rules ;
it does not consist alone in great powers of debate. All these may coexist,
and yet something be wanting to complete our beau ideal of the statesman.
What is the* lack .^ What is still wanting? I reply, Perfect integrity,
broad philanthropy, and an ardent patriotism, which, discarding selfish
aims and local benefits, seeks to elevate the whole people ; to make them
wiser and better, and to promote their material welfare.

. •*..•••■

" To this highest type of statesmanship he belonged whose memory we
honor to-day. He was not a great orator, upon whose utterances men
hung with bated breath ; he did not mingle frequently in debate ; he did
not aspire to the honor of leadership, nor was his education as cotx^>re-
hensive as that of many, — he made no pretence to superior mental cul-
ture. But he possessed that practical knowledge of the affairs of the
country : its varied industries and wants ; its internal and foreign com-
merce ; its growing manufactures ; its vast agricultural and mineral
resources, and especially that knowledge of our relations with the various
Indian tribes, to which subject he gave so much of his attention as the
chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs, as to eminently qualify him
to be a judicious adviser in this body, and to frame appropriate laws upon
these subjects.*'

The following touching incident came out in the speech of
the veteran Gov. Morton, also Senator from Indiana: —

1876.] William Alfred Buckingham. 235

''Just before the close of the last session, and before his departure, he
came across to my seat where I am now sitting, and said, ' Well, we are
about to separate. I hope we will meet next winter in better health.' He
said, 'I am an old man, and feel that my race is nearly run.' He said,
* There are only three of us left who served as governors of our respective
States throughout the entire war,' referring to himself, to Gov. Curtin
of Pennsylvania, and to myself. He said that Yates and Andrew were
gone, and that we, notwithstanding our utmost hopes, must soon follow ;
and taking me by the hand expressed the hope that we should meet the
coming winter in better health. We parted to meet no more."

The commemoration service in the House took place the
same day, Feb. 27, and while we would like to quote from
the speeches of Mr. Starkweather^ and Mr. Kellogg of Connec-
ticut, as also from that of Mr. Wilson of Iowa, we have space
only for the following passage from Gov. Hawley of Con-
necticut He said: —

^ I do not know that men would call Gov. Buckingham a great man,
but he is like many others who are revered in history. Sometimes men
sit down and dissect the character of George Washington, and tell us he
was not great ; but the world persists in remembering him, walking about
his character, pointing out all its virtues, and admiring its symmetry and
power. So of our lamented friend : I do not know as we can call him a great
orator, or a great writer, or great in anything especially ; but you can look
at no element of his heart or head in which he does not appear excellent.
As a son, as a husband, as a father, as a brother and friend, all who knew
him speak of him in terms of the most devoted affection and respect.
They say there was none like the old governor in all these things, and
as he moved among his fellow-citizens his appearance commanded their
respect. Strong in his affections, kindly and courteous in his manner,
he attracted the love of all about him.

" Our troops always went out so well equipped that on reaching the field
they were immediately stripped of some of their surplus. Interested in the
widows and orphan children of the dead soldiers, and urging upon the
Legislature the care of them, sending his agents continually to inspect

^ There is a singular and sad story connected with Mr. Starkweather. Mr.
Ferry and Mr. Starkweather — the former in the Senate and the latter in the
House at Washington — both made fitting and beautiful addresses commemora-
tive of Gov. Buckingham. A few months later, as already noticed, Senator Ferry
died When the service of commemoration for him came, Mr. Starkweather was
to have been one of the speakers, and he had committed to paper the remarks
which he intended to make. But before the day came, Mr. Starkweather too was
numbered with the dead. His address was read in the Senate Chamber amid the
solemn stillness of the assembly.

236 WiUiam Alfred Buckingham. [Aprils

the condition of our troops, and communicating with them constantly by
messengers and telegrams, from the beginning to the end, I do not
know what more our Commonwealth would have asked of William A.
Buckingham."

When the great leaders of the race

Come forth upon the earth.
Not from the loins of haughty kings

Do they derive their birth ;
They are not nursed in princely halls,

And with choice dainties fed ;
They do ,not wear the robes of state,

Or sleep on downy bed.

Out in the open world of God,

Where Nature's pulse beats strong.
They hear the wing^ tribes of air

Pour forth their morning song ;
They feel the glory of the hills.

The glory of the sky,
And watch the nightly pomp of stars

In splendor marching by.

They know the great, rude heart of man»

With all its homely cares.
They know the sorrows and the joys

The toiling peasant shares ;
The wants, the passions, the desires,

The hatred and the strife, —
They learn this lesson, broad and deep.

Taught by our common life.

• • • • •

So God makes kings in quietness,

Unconscious of their might.
Until the fulness of the time

Unfolds them to the light

Increase N. Tarbox.

fiostan.

1876.] The Doctrine of Sanctification at Oberlin. 237

THE DOCTRINE OF SANCTIFICATION AT OBERLIN.^

The theological views of Rev. John J. Shipherd and his
associates, the original founders of Oberlin, were in no sen3e
peculiar. These men were all from Congregational and Pres-
byterian Churches, holding the type of doctrine known as
New School views ; and these views they exhibited in a prac-
tical form, in the way of aggressive revival movements and
measures, rather than in definite dogmatic statements. The
doctrine of human ability, however, they distinctly insisted
upon, and held the sinner responsible for his own conversion
or regeneration, under the provisions of the Gospel. Mr. Ship-
herd himself, and most of the early colonists, had been brought
into sympathy with the views of Mr. Finney before they had
ever seen or heard him, but they had not, in their own think-
ing, clearly drawn the line between the Old and the New
School doctrine.

After Messrs. Finney, Mahan, Morgan, and Cowles joined
the enterprise, the public instruction and the prevailing senti-
ment became very decided and pronounced. These men were
all earnest preachers of human ability, and of the personal,
voluntary responsibility of the sinner for everything about
him that can be reckoned as sin. In no other respect did
their views differ from those that prevailed in the Congrega-
tional and Presbyterian churches of the land. They were
aggressive and earnest men, accustomed to aim at immediate
and definite results in their preaching.

The preaching of Mr. Finney through the larger towns of
New York, and to some extent of New England, and in the
cities of New York, Philadelphia, and Boston, had moved the
public mind as no other preaching had moved it for a genera-
tion. From the midst of this great movement he came to
Oberlin, a community of a few hundred people, mostly of one
heart and one mind, gathered for the very purpose of learning
and doing the will of God. Preachers and people were still
warm from the great revival movement of those times, and
impressed with the idea, often expressed, that the millennium

* A paper read at Oberlin before the Theological Institute, July 29, 1875.

238 The Doctrine of Sanctification at Oberlin. [Aprils

was about to dawn. They believed that the " revival state,'*
as it was called, was the norraal state of the church, and that
the absence of the intensity of experience which characterizes
the revival was evidence of backsliding and worldliness.

In the year 1835 Pro£ Finney began his work here,
sustained by Pres. Mahan and the other professors. The
field for the expenditure of this immense personal power and
energy was very limited, and the legitimate result was an
intense religious activity within this narrow sphere. The anti-
slavery conflict naturally absorbed a part of the energy, and
the daily work of study and of outward progress in the school
and in the community was pushed on with zeal ; but the
outward and material movements could not satisfy those whose
soul were on fire with zeal for the honor of God and the sal-
vation of men from sin. There was only here and there a
sinner to be converted ; hence the religious activity naturally
took the direction of the elevation of the standard of religious
experience. Higher attainments and a more entire consecra-
tion were urged and enforced. Christians were set upon the
work of self-examination, of testing their Christian hope ; and
it was not a rare thing for a large portion of the congregation,
after a searching sermon by Prof. Finney or Pres. Mahan, to
rise up in acknowledgment that they had reason to apprehend
that they were deceived as to their Christian character, and to
express their determination not to rest until their feet were
established upon the Rock.

In all this no intinjation was given that it was the privilege
of believers to put away sin entirely in the present life. No
such hope or expectation was encouraged. Prof Finney, on
one occasion, stated publicly that he would go a hundred miles
upon his hands and knees to see a man who lived without sin.
The first practical discussion of the question of such a possible
attainment occurred in the summer of 1836, in a meeting of a
missionary society composed of a few young men who had
expressed a purpose to enter upon foreign missionary service,
and who held a weekly meeting in furtherance of their spiritual
preparation for the work. The views of the Antinomian
Perfectionists, published at New Haven, Conn., in a periodical
called Tlu Perfectionist^ had served to raise the question

1876.] The Doctrine of SancHfication at Oberlin. 239

of obligation as to the degree of holiness which Christians
might attain. Although these views in general were intel-
ligently and earnestly rejected by the young men, they dis-
cussed the question in the light of the New School theology,
which they had fully embraced, and reasoned that as all
sin is voluntary and inexcusable, a dutiful obedience to God
requires its utter rejection, and that the aim and purpose of
the believer should be to present an entire obedience. The
question was not discussed in a theoretical way, but in earnest
application of the principles to present duty, and with much
prayer. The young men had the apprehension that they could
hope for no further progress in the Christian life unless they
were ready to come up to the convictions of present duty.
This had been enforced from the pulpit with irresistible logic
and power, in the illustration of such texts as this, " He that
tumeth away his ear from hearing the law, even his prayer
shall be abomination " : and does not the law most clearly
require abstinence from all sin ? Are we not taught that God's
** commandments are not g^evous"? Does not the Psalmist
say, " I have sworn and I will perform it that I will keep thy
righteous judgments"?

With such reasonings as these, a half-score of young men,
each in a solemn prayer, entered into covenant to do the will
of God with all the heart They contemplated the step as an
advance upon their previous consecration, and went forward
with solemn earnestness to the work. They quietly announced
their purpose among their friends, but ma^e no profession of
any attainment Indeed, they did not look upon the matter as
an attainment which was to distinguish them from other
Christians, but simply as an attempt to do what it was their
duty to do. Their undertaking was generally regarded with
disapproval, but as they never afterwards alluded to the sub-
ject, either publicly or in their own meetings, it soon ceased to
excite remark, and was generally forgotten.

In the autumn of the same year the entire community of
citizens and students was moved in a religious revival, and one
of the most pressing inquiries before the minds of the people
was how to overcome temptation and to become established
in the Christian life. On one occasion, after a sermon enfor-

240 The Doctrine of Sanctification at Oberlin. [April,

cing the duty of a higher consecration, a young man arose
and inquired with solemn earnestness to what extent he might
hope to overcome temptation, and how far he could trust the
Saviour for help in his hour of need. Could he ask Him to
give a complete victory, or must he expect to go on stumbling
as he had hitherto done ?

No one dared to tell him that he must not expect too much,
or that the Saviour had not promised to supply every need.
Pres. Mahan especially was profoundly moved by the inquiry,
and gave himself to prayer until he apprehended, as he thought,
the fulness of the love of Christ, in an experience to which he
still looks back as the turning-point in his Christian life, the
hour when he was brought out of darkness into God's marvel-
lous light The view of Christ as our "wisdom, righteous-
ness, sanctification, and redemption," and the joyful experience
resulting, became the theme of the preaching from that time
onward, and the idea gained strength that there was a special
experience which it was the privilege of every Christian to
attain, which stood in marked contrast with the previous Chris-
tian life, — an experience of joy and freedom and peace and
stability, over against the former darkness and constraint and
stumbling. All the leading ministers seemed to enter into
this joyful experience with a sense of enlargement.

The experience was variously designated. A frequent term
used was "the blessing," indicating a view of it as a gift
rather than an attainment. Some adopted the language of
Wesley, and called.it the experience of "perfect love." This
was a favorite term with Pres. Mahan, and the first little
volume which he published on the subject was entitled
Christian Perfection, Prof. Finney preferred the term " sanc-
tification," and commonly employed this in his writings.
Prof. Morgan found that the Scriptures referred such an
experience to the gift of the Holy Spirit, and his essay on the
subject, published in the Oberlin Quarterly^ was entitled
The Gift of the Holy Ghost. Prof. Cowles wrote a series
of articles in the Oberlin Evangelist, afterwards gathered into
a small volume, entitled The Holiness of Christians in the
Present Life. The idea was much the same under these vary-
ing forms of expression, namely, that there is an experience

1876.] The Doctrine of Sanctification at Oberlin. 141

attainable in the Christian life, subsequent in general to con-
version, in which the believer rises to a higher plane, secures
new views of Christ and His salvation, obtains victory over
weaknesses which had before marred his character, and attains
a stability to which he was before a stranger.

This experience was presented as an object of pursuit, for
the attainment of which special provision is made in the
Gospel, and abundant promises are held out. The "new
covenant" was in this view especially contrasted with the
rfd, as an arrangement for securing the full sanctification of the
believer, promising to put the law into the mind and write
it on the heart, thus securing to him the obedience required
by the old covenant. There was little said about sinlessness in
connection with this experience. Perhaps Pres. Mahan was
less cautious than others in this respect, and sometimes gave
the impression that it was his privilege and duty to testiiy
that under this new experience he was free from the conscious-
ness of sin. Others occupying public positions carefully re-
firained from such expressions ; and confession of sin was, as
before, an element in public prayer. Still less was said about
perfection. Most of the professors avoided the word as liable to
convey a false idea, and as utterly inappropriate to their sense
of weakness and unworthiness, and of the vast range of ex-
perience beyond, which they had not yet traversed. They
claimed that they had only begun to test the fulness there
is in Christ, and were pressing on in faith and expectation.
Pres. Mahan did not differ from others in his view of
the state attained in this respect, and was careful to define
the term " perfection " as implying merely completeness of trust
and entireness of consecration, a voluntary state wholly
acceptable to God, leaving still imperfection of view, errors
of judgment, and liability to temptation, — such liability as
existed in the case of the angels and of our first parents,
and even in the case of the Saviour himself.

Pres. Mahan, more distinctly than others, insisted upon
a "sanctification of the sensibility" as involved in this ex-
perience, and claimed such a result in his own case, — that
imfirmities and passions which had once held him in bond-
age were slain, and that former temptations, which had

^|3 The Doctrine of Sanctification at Obeflin. [Aprfl,

ippeoded to these tendencies and infirmities, had lost their
p^ver; that he could stand in the presence of disturbing
forces which had formerly overcome him without the slightest
perturbation. This subjugation of the propensities he con-
ceived as involved in the promise of the new covenant, — "A
new heart will I give you and a new spirit will I put within
you, and I will take away the stony heart out of your
flesh and I will give you a heart of flesh." In his latest
work, just published in London, Out of Darkness into Lights
he says, " Under our renovated propensities and new disposi-
tions, tendencies, and tempers, or ' divine nature,' it becomes
just as easy and natural for us to bear the fruits of the Spirit
as it was under our old ones to work * the works of the flesh.'"

This view of the sanctification of the sensibility was rather
characteristic of the teaching of Pres. Mahan. It seemed
to involve a supernatural and almost mechanical action upon
our human nature, restoring it to its normal state before
the fall, — all, however, in response to our faith. Prea.
Finney, while not disclaiming this idea entirely, and some-
times presenting facts and experiences which were in
harmony with it, insisted more upon the moral power oi
Gospel truth upon the believer's heart He found deliverance
from temptation and from the power of sin in the views
which the Spirit gives of Chri^ The truth as it is in Jesus
was to him the power of God unto salvation. " Sanctify us
through thy truth" was the burden of his prayer and of
his teaching ; and this was the prevalent idea with the
other leaders of thought here.

In connection with this presentation and inculcation of a
special experience, the reading of biographies and experiences
looking in the same direction was encours^ed. The me-
moirs of James Brainerd Taylor, of Hester Ann Rogers, of
Carvosso, of the Wesleys, and the experiences of President
and Mrs. Edwards, and other similar works, were very gener-
ally read, and often referred to in the pulpit ; and such expe-
riences became the type or model of the Christian life
which was encouraged and approved. Care was taken, indeed,
to guard against the idea that we should seek to reproduce
such experiences in form. It was generally maintained that

1876.] The Doctrine of SancHfication at Oberlitu 243

each must be led of the Spirit in his own way, and could
never exactly walk in the path of another ; yet it was inev-
itable that these special forms of experience should be sought
after and cultivated.

The immediate outcome of this movement upon the Chris-
tian life here, was undoubtedly a general quickening of the
spirituality of believers, and a better apprehension of the
Gospel work in delivering from sin and giving the soul
power, over temptation. A more distinct and higher appre-
hension of Christ as a Saviour from the power of sin, as well
as from its penalty, was not only theoretically accepted, but
to a great extent practically realized. This was the general
result, not temporary merely, but permanent. But beyond
this, in many particular cases, a special experience was at-
tained which was accepted as the desired " blessing." Many
devoted themselves to its pursuit as the great want of their
souls, and some seemed to attain it There were remark-
able transformations of character in connection with the
work, a great enlargement of spiritual power and energy,
the effects of which have remained in some cases from
that day to this. These persons were generally spoken of
as having obtained the blessing, sometimes as having ex-
perienced sanctification ; and at length, in a limited circle,
there grew up a tendency to separate believers into two
classes, — those who had experienced sanctification, and those
who were only justified.

At an early day — in 1839 or 1840 — a praying circle was
organized of those who had attained this special experience,
and their meetings wqre called " band meetings." They
were intended to gather only those who had made these
special attainments, numbering, as I think, less than a score,
that they might counsel and aid each other, and unite
their force in the promotion of the work. Occasionally
one was invited in who had become specially interested, and
was regarded as a seeker of the blessing. The select few
felt a greater freedom when gathered by themselves than
in the common prayer-meeting, and could speak more freely
of their experiences. No one of the professors belonged to
this bandy and it was generally imderstood that they did

244 ^^ Doctrine of Sanctification at Oberlin, [April,

not think it best to have an exclusive gathering of the kind.
It was soon discontinued.

The Oberlin Evangelist was established in the interest
of these new views in January, 1839, and was published
until the autumn of 1862. Its subscription list stood at five
thousand for several years, but finally declined, until the
paper was suspended for want of support The work of
those who contributed to its columns was wholly a labor
of love. The office editor only received compensation. The
principal writers were Prof. Finney, Pres. Mahan, and
Prof. Cowles, and each presented in his own way the new
ideas on sanctification.

These views were held forth as something new, — not in
the sense that they were not apostolic and scriptural, but
in the sense that they had been lost sight of in the gen-
eral teachings and experience of the church. The Chris-
tian community generally received them as something not
only new, but as false and mischievous ; and thus a dis-
cussion arose, and spread far and wide, and warnings and
testimonies against error were uttered by leading men and
by presbyteries on the subject of the " Oberlin heresy," and
for years it was a question whether the Oberlin church
and Oberlin men should have a recognized standing with any
religious body in the land. The pressure from without
tended to the establishment of an Oberlin sect. This ten-
dency was wisely resisted here. It was thought better
to accept for the present mere toleration, — and this very
sparingly granted, — and wait for the future and God's prov-
idence to bring a heartier fellowship. That day came at
length, either from a change here or abroad, or, as is most
probable, from a better understanding on both sides.

It is not my purpose now to follow this discussion in its
relation to thought and feeling and action abroad, but to
trace the movement in its relation to experience and thought
at home. The view presented will embrace matters of feet
and matters of judgment, and on some points there will
naturally be varying opinions. For the statements offered
no one is to be held responsible but myself.

In the first place, the visible impulse of the movement to

1876.] The Doctrim of Sanctification at Oberlin. 245

a great extent expended itself within the first few years.
The special experiences connected with it became less
prominent and less sought after. Those who had enjoyed
these experiences, especially those whose characters com-
manded most confidence, seldom alluded to them as pecul-
iar, or as separating them firom the great body of Chris-
tian people. Their views of the gospel were enriched, and
they could speak of a living and present Saviour, because
they had seen Him and felt His power. Those who went
out as preachers, under the impulse of this fresh experi-
ence, came at length to see that the old gospel contained
their message, and they found it more useful to present
the living and present Saviour, than to set forth sanctifi-
cation as a special theory or a special experience. So far
as I am informed, not one among them all continued for
any length of time to be recognized as a preacher of these
special views. They did not repudiate their former views,
and have never done so ; but they probably found them
less divergent than they had supposed from the common
faith. They could preach the truth as it is in Jesus more
effectively than by giving to their doctrine the odor of
Christian perfection, or the higher life. Whatever the mo-
tive that operated, the result was as has been stated.

At home, if I have not misapprehended the case, there
came to be less confidence in the style of Christian culture
involving a special experience, which the movement in-
troduced. It became more and more a matter of doubt
whether the seeking of sanctification as a special experience
was on the whole to be encouraged, and it was not in
general an occasion of satisfaction when a young man gave
himself up to seek "the blessing"; and when he obtained
what seemed to him the thing he sought, there came to be
less confidence that he had made substantial progress. It
was found that such experiences were not always associ-
ated with the most stable and symmetrical character. Indeed,
if I have rightly observed, it came at length to be the
feet, more than at first, that persons of less balanced char-
acter were more likely to share in the special experience.
It soon appeared, too, that persons who had not partaken

246 The Doctrim of Sanctificatian at Oberlin. [April,

of the peculiar experience, in its intense forms, were just
as earnest and effective Christian workers in the different
departments of Christian labor as those who were supposed
to be specially favored.

In the earlier stages of the movement, numbers of per-
sons suffered in their health from the too great intensity of
emotion in connection with their religious exercises. In
some cases a life-long detriment was the result The feeling
at length began to prevail that the idea of a special sancti-
fication induced a religious culture that was too subjective
and introspective, and that it was more wholesome to take
the believer out of himself and away from this direct emo-
tional self-culture to the great objects of his faith, the grand
fects and truths of the gospel out of which salvation springs.
Thus the interest in the movement as to these special forms
of experience gradually subsided ; and persons who came
to Oberlin were heard to remark that they had waited for
months and perhaps for years to hear a sermon on the doc-
trine of sanctification. Those who had watched the movement
from the beginning heard sermons on sanctification every Sab-
bath ; but the peculiar forms of presentation were dropped for
general purposes, and only at rare intervals were we favored
with a sermon on sanctification in proper form.

It was probably true that the preacher felt that the want
of impressibility upon this theme on the part of the peo-
ple was a mark of spiritual declension, but he instinctively
perceived that other forms of presenting the truth were
more effective. The day has never returned when our
preachers have felt called upon to resort to the earlier forms
of preaching upon the doctrine of sanctification. Not that
the preaching has been different in substance, — only in
form. An occasional sermon upon the baptism of the Spirit
has been the nearest approach to the earlier type.

Thus far we have followed out the change in the practical
working of the doctrine. Side by side with this change, and
conducing to it, there was progress in the formal conception
and expression of the doctrine. The earlier view involved the
prevalent idea that the ordinary exercises of the regenerate
man are in some way defiled by sin, — that his holiest exer-

1876.] The Doctrine of Sanctification at Oberlin. 247

cises need forgiveness, until by death or in some other way he
becomes entirely sanctified. The attainment of entire sanc-
tification, therefore, would involve the elimination of this ele-
ment of sin, and render the Christian entirely acceptable to
God in his moral condition.

In the ordinary New School view the obligation to this
attainment must be immediate and pressing, and the ability
must be where the obligation is The only reason why any
believer is not perfectly sanctified is the failure to exercise a
perfect faith, — of course a voluntary responsible failure. The
way is perfectly open to urge the immediate fulfilment of this
human condition of sanctification. Unbelief is the only ob-
stacle, and unbelief is voluntary, — a positive sin. This view
provides, too, for a clear distinction between the sanctified and
the unsanctified Christian. The obedience of the one is com-
plete, of the other partial. The one exercises perfect love,
the other imperfect.

Hence it is to be expected that a remarkable experience will
attend the rising from a partial to a complete obedience, or
from an imperfect to a perfect faith and love. It is like a
second conversion, and involves the same conditions, repent-
ance and faith. Hence there is a natural and obvious ground
for a division of Christians into two classes, sanctified and
unsanctified. It involves, too, the unscriptural possibility of
serving God and Mammon, of following Christ while forsaking
only a part of what we have ; but such a conception is essen-
tial to any radical distinction between a sanctified and an
unsanctified believer.

In the earlier stages of the special interest on sanctification,
the question of the simplicity of moral action was brought
forward for discussion. The first and foremost advocates of
the doctrine of simplicity were Samuel Cochran and his
brother William, — the latter afterwards professor here, —
members of the College Class of 1839. The first public pres-
entation of the doctrine here was by William Cochran in an
address before the Society of Inquiry in the spring of 1841,
and before the Society of Alumni the same year at Com-
mencement. This very able address was published in the
Oberlm Evangelist^ and was very generally accepted here as

SSCOND SX&IBS. — VOL. VIIL NO. 2. \^

248 Th€ Doctrine of Saftctification at Oberlin. [April,

conclusive on the subject. These views were afterwards ex-
panded by Prof. Cochran, and published in a series of articles
in the Oberlin Quarterly Review. The leading instructors
and preachers all embraced the view, with the possible excep-
tion of Prof Cowles, and from that day on it became a feature
of the Oberlin theology. The doctrine maintains the impos-
sibility of a divided heart in moral action. The sinner, in his
sin, is utterly destitute of righteousness, and the good man, in
his obedience, is completely, entirely obedient : sin on the one
side and obedience, on the other belonging only to voluntary
states. The division of the will between the two contradictory
moral attitudes of sin and holiness is a metaphysical impos-
sibility. Such, in a word, is the doctrine, which it is not my
purpose to attempt to prove, but to exhibit in its bearing
upon the doctrine of sanctification.

One of the most obvious consequences of the doctrine is
that conversion is entire consecration ; that the earliest obe-
dience of the converted sinner is entire obedience, and that
his moral state is entirely approved of God. The very first
exercise of faith involves all the faith that under the circum-
stances is possible, and therefore all that is obligatory. There
is no partial faith, in the sense in which faith is a duty, nor, in
the same sense, any imperfect love. The sinner in giving his
heart to God gives it all, — makes no reservation ; any holding
back corrupts the whole action.

The difficulty with the converted man is not that he has
•' kept back a part of the price," that his obedience is
partial while it exists, but that he lacks establishment in
righteousness. He is deficient in knowledge of the Saviour,
of himself, and of the devices of Satan ; old habits of
thinking and feeling and acting have more or less power
with him. Hence he is weak, a babe in Christ, and lia-
ble to be overcome of temptation. Hence his obedience
is interrupted by more or less frequent falls, and he must
repent and be forgiven and restored, — reconverted in the
sense in which Peter was " converted " when restored from
his sad lapse. He is ''weak in faith," not in the sense
that there is any voluntary lack in the commitment of the
soul to God, but weak in the sense that he has a limited

18/6.] The Doctfifte of Sanctification at Oberlin, 249

apprehension of the grace and provisions of the gospel, and
of the power of Christ to help in every time of need. He
accepts Christ for all that he sees Him to be, or he does
not accept Him at all. He cannot accept Him as his jus-
tification without accepting Him as his sanctification. In-
deed, there is no justification without sanctification; and
there is no sanctification except '' through the faith of Jesus
Christ"

The idea, then, of rising from a partial to a complete obe-
dience, from imperfect to perfect faith and love, in the sense
in which these are voluntary and responsible acts or states
to be required of men, is incompatible with the idea
of simplicity of moral action, and hence is not admissible
in the Oberlin theology. The work required in Christian
progress is growth in grace, enlargement of views, experi-
ence of Christ's power and of one's own weakness, — all
resulting in establishment of Christian character, and more
and more complete deliverance from these interruptions of
obedience, — an obedience more and more constant until it
becomes permanent and suffers no interruption.

In this view every believer is sanctified, in the sense
that he has utterly renounced sin in his acceptance of
Christ, and given Him his whole heart. This is sanctifica-
tion in the Scripture sense, and all believers are called
saints in the Bible, that is, sanctified ones. We hear noth-
ing in the Bible of justified people that are not sanctified.
We read, " Whom He did predestinate them He also called,
and whom He called them He also justified, and whom He
justified them He also " — sanctified ? No, but "glorified."
Sanctification is wrapped up in the justification, or rather
logically precedes it, and glorification follows. The work of
edificatitm which follows conversion is of vast consequence ;
it is the growth from infancy to manhood. But it can be
accomplished by no one act of will, no immediate exer-
cise of faith. There is no promise in God's Word upon
which a believer can plant himself in present faith, and
secure his stability in faith and obedience for all the future,
so that we can say of him that he is permanently sancti-
fied. We can say of one that he has grown in the grace

250 The Doctrine of Saftctification at Oberlin. [April,

of Christ, that he has made attainments in knowledge and
experience and stability. We may judge, at length, that he
is permanently sanctified ; but God alone can know. It is
not a question of his own consciousness. Consciousness
can give the fact of entire consecration, which is the es-
sence of conversion : it cannot give the fact of permanent
sanctification ; that is in the history of the future, not
in present consciousness. Consciousness can never give
**a state of permanent sanctification," but only present
sanctification ; and present sanctification is all that can be
required of the Christian. There is no obligation to be
permanently sanctified in any other sense than the child is
under obligation to become a man. He must hold on
his way ; and as God gives him time and opportunity, he
will grow stronger and stronger. We cannot address to
the believer the exhortation, " Be permanently sanctified."
No such admonition is found in» the Scriptures. We arc
exhorted to endure unto the end, but that cannot be done
all at once. We are encouraged " by patient continuance
in well-doing" to "seek for glory and honor and immor-
tality," to abide in Christ " as the branch abideth in the
vine." This is all that can be done, and it cannot be
done by one act of consecration. Consecration is the be-
ginning, and it must be continued to the end.

We find, then, no line of division, uix)n this view of
Christian character, between sanctified and unsanctified
Christians. All Christians while in the exercise of faith are
sanctified, nor is there any clear line between the simply sanc-
tified and the permanently sanctified. The child becomes the
man at length, but there is no natural line between childhood
and manhood. There are as many different degprees of attain-
ment and establishment in Christian character as there are
different individual lives in the church of God.

There are, doubtless, experiences in the Christian life bring-
ing great and apparently sudden enlargement, — such quicken-
ings of the spiritual apprehension, such baptisms of the Spirit
of God, as bring in a flood of light ; and from that point
onward the Christian life may proceed in a higher plane, with
a wider view of spiritual things. But we cannot at will secure

18/6.] The Doctrine of Sanctification at Oberlin. 251

such experiences. The responsibility of attaining them is not
ours, except that we can walk in the highway of holiness along
which God arranges these spiritual landscapes. Pilgrim can
hold on his way from the City of Destruction to the Celestial
City, but it is not for him to determine at what point his nar-
row path shall lead through the Slough of Despond, or down
into the Valley of Humiliation, or over the Delectable Moun-
tains : each comes in its place, and which is best for him he
cannot foreknow.

People sometimes speak of these glorious experiences which
come after long and patient struggle with trial and temptation
as if they were just as much within their reach at the begin-
ning as at the end, and they ought to have seized the blessing
at the first rather than the last. No, we might as well look
for a harvest without the seed-time. " He that goeth forth and
weepeth, bearing precious seed, shall come again with rejoicing."
So these heavenly visions, these views from the top of Pisgah,
come after years of patient walking with God in the wilder-
ness, and every faithful step brings us nearer. These enlarge-
ments seem sudden. They are sudden in the sense in which,
after a toilsome climbing, enveloped by a cloud, to the summit
of Mount Washington, upon a lifting of the cloud you g^aze at
once upon the whole mountain region in all its grandeur.
Every step of the toilsome climbing brings you nearer to
the vision, and the suddenness of the experience is only ap-
parent So far as a mountain vision is concerned, God might
lift us to the summit by His own power in the twinkling of an
eye. It is not so clear that He could bring us to the visions of
His own glory without the antecedent experiences. There are
no spiritual elevators in which men can place themselves at
will, and, without an effort, be lifted to the third heaven of
holiness ; and if we could be thus lifted, who can guarantee
that we should be maintained at that dizzy height } Perma-
nence in holiness God works in His children through tribula-
tion and patience and experience and hope. The baptism of
the Spirit does not set aside this discipline : it works through
this the peaceable fruits of righteousness. The day of Pente-
cost could not come to the world before the Saviour's advent,
nor to the individual disciple before the years of quiet teach-

252 The Doctrine of Sanctificaiion at Oberlin. [April,

ing, the crucifixion, the resurrection, and the tarrying at
Jerusalem.

But I must not extend these suggestions. Such facts and
views gather about the doctrine of the simplicity of moral
action, which took its place in the Oberlin theology side by
side with the doctrine of special sanctification already adopted.
The incompatibilities soon appeared, and a more or less suc-
cessful adjustment followed, — in some cases complete, in
others partial.

Here in our own family, under the roof of our Alma Mater,
we may speak with freedom, but with loving reverence, of the
labors of those who moulded our thoughts and shaped our
lives in those days of earnest endeavor and intense experience.
A brief allusion to these endeavors will not be received as
unkindly criticism, but rather as a grateful recognition of the
conscientious fidelity with which our teachers led forward their
pupils.

In the writings of Prof Cowles I do not find evidence that
he ever consciously embraced or announced the doctrine of
the simplicity of action. His little work on The Holiness of
Christians in tJte Present Life, first published in the Oberlin
Evangelist in 1839, sets forth, at the outset, what the holiness
required of Christians is, — a voluntary, abiding consecration
of all the powers to the service of God. Love, in the sense
of benevolence, he makes the fulfilling of the law, — just
what we can render, nothing more, nothing less. He then
considers the point from which the Christian starts in the pur-
suit of holiness, ascertains where regeneration places him and
what are the lowest conditions of discipleship. He says,
"There is no room for mistake or question ; the doctrine of
sincere and full consecration to Christ, as the unalterable con-
dition of discipleship, could not have been made plainer. . . .
No man can combine the real service of Christ with the service
of sin. . . . Christ will have the whole heart or nothing" ; and
he adds, " Can this be less than real devotion of the heart, yea,
of the whole heart to God } And is it indeed true that real reli-
gion can begin with nothing less than entire, yes, really entire
consecration of our moral being to Christ?" Thus he main-
tains that the holiness required is rendered in the consecration

1876.] The Doctrine of Sanctification at Oberlin. 253

involved in the first step in the Christian life. He does not
so distinctly state that what is required of Christians, beyond
this, is to hold on their way, to abide in this consecration, but
devotes the remainder of the treatise to an exhibition of the
provisions made in the gospel for the attainment of holiness,
and the encouragement we have for its attainment Yet he
does not speak of any special ex[>erience which is to trans-
form the unsanctified into a sanctified believer. The whole
bearing of the treatise is to encourage to all Christian fidelity,
and to show what helps there are for the performance of
Christian duty.

Profl Morgan distinctly and fully adopted the doctrine of
the simplicity of moral action ; and his view of sanctification,
as presented in his writings, perfectly harmonizes with this
doctrine. His published views are contained chiefly in two
essays, found in the first volume of the Oberlin Quarterly
Review^ published in 1845. One of these essays treats of the
holiness acceptable to God, and maintains that it is the doc-
trine of the Scriptures, of the Old Testament and the New,
that there is no obedience or holiness which does not, for the
time, entirely fulfil the requirements of the law; that the
first obedience of the new-born soul is love to God with all
the heart, and that the obedience of the most mature saint is
the same, and nothing more ; that such obedience is the
condition of all discipleship, — r *' Except a man forsake all that
he hath he cannot be my disciple." He shows that all ortho-
dox teaching naturally takes the same form. He quotes to
this efiEect from many writers, especially and abundantly from
Pres. Edwards, utterances like this: "They that are God*s
true servants do give themselves up to His service, and make
it as it were their whole work, therein employing their whole
hearts and the chief of their strength. Phil, iii, 13. 'This
one thing I do* " Again, " He that embraces religion for its
own sake embraces the whole of religion."

Of course, upon this view, what is needed in the case of
the converted man is establishment in righteousness, per-
sistence in obedience. As conducive to this result Prof.
Morgan shows, in a second essay, that the baptism of the
Spirit is provided, and he attributes the transformation in the

254 The Doctrifte of Sanctification at Oberlin. [April,

case of the apostles, after the day of Pentecost, to the gift of
the Holy Spirit. He teaches that such baptisms are to be
looked for under the gospel dispensation, and all the stability
and graces of the Christian life which result from these. He
does not seem to encourage the pursuit of sanctification as a
special experience, but does inculcate prayer for the bestow-
ment of the Spirit.

Pres. Mahan published his work on Christian Perfection in
1839. This little volume was written under the influence of
the generally accepted view in regard to Christian character.
His conception of the common experience of the Christian
was, that faith and love and obedience are all imperfect, coming
short of the requirements of the law, and that entire sanctifi-
cation implies an obedience or consecration that is both entire
and permanent. He seems to assume, although he does not
distinctly state it, that entire obedience will, of course, be
permanent. In maintaining the entire sanctification of Paul
against the objection arising from his dispute with Barnabas,
he argues that even if Paul sinned on that occasion he might
have been entirely sanctified afterwards. He encourages
seeking sanctification as a special experience, and g^ves his
own experience as an illustration.

Soon after this Pres. Mahan accepted and maintained the
doctrine of the simplicity of moral action, and his later writings
are intended to harmonize with the doctrine. In the preface
of his last work, just published in London, he speaks of the
joy and peace and. strength which are the portion of God's
people, and says : " If all this is not true of any believer, it is
because he is living below his revealed privileges, and is thus
living because he does not * know the things which are freely
given to us of God.' It contradicts every true idea of the
Christian character to suppose that a true believer in Christ
will walk in darkness, knowing that he may walk in the light ;
will remain weak, knowing that he may be girded with ever-
lasting strength ; and will continue carnal, sold under sin,
knowing that he may enjoy the glorious liberty of the sons of
God." The volume is largely a record of his own experience,
and he seems to attribute the darkness and depression and
stumbling of his earlier Christian and ministerial life to the

1876.] The Doctrine of Sanctification at Oberlin. 255

fact that he did not know intellectually what blessings were in
the gospel for him. He was praying and seeking and strug-
gling for years, and at last was delivered by a revelation to his
thought It was a new conception and not a new consecration
that brought him relief; and he signalized the discovery by
the expression used by Archimedes on a similar occasion, " I
have found it." The result of that new idea was permanent
peace and rest and victory from that day on ; and all that
seems to have been needed for the same attainment long years
before was that somebody should have given him this idea.
Thus all those years of conflict and of darkness would have
been saved. He does not seem to blame himself for that
darkness.

The truth probably is that no word of man or of angel, or
even the illumination of the Spirit, could have given him the
idea. " Tribulation worketh patience, and patience experience,
and experience hope." The experience of one soul cannot be
imparted to another by any words. Sanctification cannot be
put upon a man like a garment ; it must be wrought in him
by the co-operation of his own will, and in the exercise of all
his powers. One can aid another by his suggestions, his sym-
pathy, and his prayers ; but he cannot relieve him from the
necessity of fighting the battle for himself.

Prof. Finney had published his views on the subject of
entire sanctification before he had adopted the idea of the
necessary unity of moral action. His first conception of
entire sanctification made it an advance from the imperfect or
partial faith and obedience attained in conversion, to the com-
plete obedience or entire consecration which the law requires.
His original definition of sanctification was entire consecra-
tion ; and all his arguments on the attainability of sanctifi-
cation and the methods of attaining, applied to entire conse-
cration and to that alone.

Before publishing his Theology he had reached the idea of
the necessary simplicity of moral action, and this view he has
incorporated into his Theology, giving the resulting modifica-
tions of all the doctrines, but with less success, perhaps, in the
case of sanctification than of the other doctrines. The oriffi-
nal definition of sanctification as entire consecration cannot

256 TAf Doctrine of Sanctification at Oberlim. [AprQ,

stand, because entire consecration is involved in conversion ;
and every converted person would be entirely sanctified. In
defining regeneration he says, " It implies an entire present
change of moral character, that is, a change from entire sinful-
ness to entire holiness." Theology, p. 413. Of course, then,
something beyond entire obedience or consecration must be
involved in entire sanctification, if it is an attainment beyond
conversion. This fact Prof. Finney accepts, and in his read-
justed statement he adds to the definition of sanctification the
element of permanence. He says (p. 595), "Sanctification
may be entire in two senses: (i) In the sense of present full
obedience, or entire consecration to God ; and (2) in the sense
of continued, abiding consecration or obedience to God. En-
tire sanctification, when the terms are used in this sense, con-
sists in being established, confirmed, preserved, continued in a
state of sanctification, or of entire consecration to God. In
this discussion, then, I shall use the term "entire sanctification "
to designate a state of confirmed and entire consecration of
body, soul, and spirit, or of the whole being to God."

By this definition, then, and by the necessity of the case, the
entire sanctification which is to be sought by the believer is
permanent consecration, and all the argument and instruction
upon the subject should correspond with this definition. With
this view Mr. Finney begins his treatise on sanctification ; but
if I read aright, he soon falls back to his former view of sanc-
tification as simply entire consecration, and almost the entire
argument applies to that, and to that only. I may be per-
mitted to present a few instances.

The Troy Presbytery, in their manifesto on the Oberlin error,
had argued that if one should attain sanctification he could not
know it. To this Mr. Finney replies (p. 589), " Indeed ! Does
God command man to do what he cannot know that he does,
even if he does it } This would be passing strange ! " He as-
sumes that entire sanctification must be a matter of conscious-
ness. This is true of entire consecration, not of permanent
consecration. Nothing but a revelation from God can assure
one that he is permanently sanctified. This element of per-
manence lies beyond the sphere of consciousness. It is true
that the Troy Presbytery had confounded entire sanctification

1876.] T7u Doctrine of SancHficatian at Obertin. 257

with entire consecration, and Mr. Finne/s reply might be fair
as an argumentum ad hominem, but he does not so state it ;
and he afterwards maintains at great length that consciousness
can testify to entire sanctification. (pp. 750-5.) Again he
argues (p. 595) that sanctification must be a voluntary condi-
tion. But this is true only of entire consecration. That
condition of permanence which is to be added to entire conse-
cration is something beyond a voluntary state. All the volun-
tary action is involved in entire consecration.

Again (p. 598), he maintains that sanctification is attainable
on the ground of natural ability, and says that " entire sancti-
fication consists in perfect obedience to the law of God.'*
Not so ; entire consecration is perfect obedience to the law of
God. Permanent sanctification, or establishment, is more than
this.

Again (p. 599) he says, " It is agreed " that this state must
be attained " before the soul can enter heaven," No : conver-
sion, entire consecration only, is the condition of entering
heaven. We have no reason to suppose that the penitent
thief was sanctified in any other sense.

Again he argues (p. 606) that the law requires a state of
entire sanctification. No : all that the law requires is entire
consecration. It does not require establishment or perfnanence
as an immediate duty, any more than it requires the child to
become at once a man.

Again he admonishes ministers (p. 614) that they are bound
to set up some definite standard of attainment ; and to insist
upon anything less than entire sanctification is to grant an
indulgence to sin. This is true, if entire consecration is
sanctification ; otherwise not He who insists upon entire
consecration grants no indulgence to sin.

Again (p. 635) he says, "This state is to be attained by
faith alone. Let it be forever remembered that without faith
it is impossible to please God, and whatsoever is not of faith is
sin. Both justification and sanctification are by faith alone."
But here we are perplexed. The justified man is in the exercise
of faith, and he is not sanctified because he lacks faith, and
this lack of faith is sin. This is not in harmony with the doc-
trine of unity or simplicity of action. It implies a faith or

258 Tlu Doctrine cf Sanctificatum at OberUn. [April,

consecration that is less than entire as a condition of justifica*
tion. The true believer has exercised faith as a condition of
justification. What more can he do as a condition of sanctifi-
cation ? If that is all, every true believer is entirely sanctified.
Mr. Finney sometimes states that we must receive Christ as
our sanctification as well as our justification. But can true
feith receive Christ in part, and refuse to receive Him for all
that He is known to be ? Then a divided heart or mixed moral
action is possible. If it be said that the faith is defective be-
cause Christ is not known intellectually as our sanctification,
then the ignorance is the difficulty, and that defect of faith
is not sin, and knowledge instead of faith becomes the condi-
tion of sanctification, as it doubtless is.

In Lecture Sixty-Three Pres. Finney seems to take this view.
He considers the temptations to be overcome, and the sources of
the motives and forces by which victory is to be attained ; and
the whole reasoning implies that it is a matter of growth and
gradual attainment, and not an instantaneous acquisition by
faith. He finds that sin results from an undue development of
the sensibility in the direction of appetite and passion, and
the remedy is to secure a counter-development in the direc-
tion of spiritual realities. To this end, he says, knowledge
is requisite, — knowledge of temptation, its nature and sources;
of ourselves, our weakness and wants ; and above all, a knowl-
edge of Christ in all the various relationships he sustains to
His children ; and then, in forty-four closely-printed octavo
pages, he sets forth, with wonderful interest and fulness and
power, these various relations, to the number of sixty-one, which
the believer must apprehend in order to his permanent sancti-
fication. The work laid out involves a life-time, if not an eter-
nity, of study and experience. It is, of course, implied that
this knowledge is to be attained under the ministration of the
Holy Spirit '; but it must be wrought in the believer as a mat-
ter of realization and experience, and faith must co-operate at
every step in the appropriation of this divine knowledge. The
whole conception in this Lecture is incompatible with the idea
of immediate permanent sanctification by faith alone.

Mr. Finney assumes at almost every step that Christians
must be entirely sanctified in this life in order to enter heaven ;

1876.3 The Doctrine of Sanctification at Oberlin. 259

yet on page 608 he maintains that the Old Testament saints
did not receive the promises of the New Covenant ; that
these were reserved for the saints under the gospel ; and these
promises secure entire sanctification. This argument leads
us to apprehend that the Old Testament saints are not to
enter heaven, because they were not entirely sanctified.

Thus the careful reader will see that Mr. Finney, in prepar-
ing his essay, had not adjusted his views of sanctification to
his accepted doctrine as to the nature of moral action, and
that the treatise, in almost all its features, belongs to a system
of theology maintaining mixed action. Indeed, no other
system of theology can provide for immediate sanctification as
a special experience distinct from conversion, a matter of
present obligation to the believer, to be sought and attained at
once by faith. Of all theologies now prevailing, the Oberlin
theology is least adapted to yield such a doctrine ; and so far
as this doctrine now prevails among us in limited circles, it is
sustained, not by the Oberlin theology or the Oberlin teaching
or preaching, but by the writings and periodicals and teachings
introduced from abroad, especially of the Wesleyan school.

Pres. Finney's concluding paragraph is full of truth and
wisdom, as follows (p. 765) : " But before I close my remarks
upon this subject, I must not fail to state what I regard as the
present duty of Christians. It is to hold their will in a state
of consecration to God, and to lay hold on the promises for
the blessing promised in such passages as i Thess. v, 23, 24,
* And the very God of peace sanctify you wholly,' etc. This
is present duty. Let them wait on the Lord in faith for that
cleansing of their being which they need to confirm, strengthen,
settle them. All they can do, and all that God requires
them to do, is to obey Him from moment to moment, and to
lay hold of Him for the blessing of which we have been speak-
ing, and to be assured that God will bring forth the answer
in the best time and in the best manner. If you believe, the
anointing that abideth will be secured in due time."

This is sound doctrine, in harmony with all present Oberlin
theology. It is the theoretical and practical outcome of the
Oberlin Doctrine of Sanctification.

James H. Fairchild.

Oberlin^ O.

'J^

[Afri.

ZATTD 3 AC OX.

V — ^ -Se '-ssBSt -TOBstbie'fi

.1

Mr. Bacao: and ilia wife: bcgnt
iirmirr i^fttnfir =^iit tram lus oroc&ers niMiM^i in Maw^ftrifi

:* !art -n hfs -ifrecnth ear. .viio was >^ti»»i \%*t\ to
vrn^ahlr lif ri teacher iiter learning' rtie CEippewr J;

prrjfeflor in :he Vnivessitvoi Iranana, and, in. his okL age a.

af nrv r^o«sr. r,€^ \cmsr betore nia nparti, ^ome rcaxUectiDna of
thaf o»im«y. His narrative is ^ \Tvid in its simpiicxtyv ^»H
30 ^nesfestive ^t jid ::nies. diat I vTinnnr re^mn fmwt
.irribm^ s#?inc 'jcnrtioiis or ir: —

: rr^n liarrffr -eiif low r uopcied that I wear witk va«r fWK^,i> ^

<Tm«r *haf Affce met he ^vvsneet :c. .is I caiiid becoflBBiiT tor fa^ .j k»

;r^!<i icw^y !imon$f :he 'nctfans. <uid noi^at be oaefni ia vazioas uns^. Tiw
M!«f<^o»!ar7 Sr»r:«?y ibn '▼ished rne 'o "^o. My nnr^ was vcrr iinwiTTTHi *
h*f rm^rf 1^ -ne 'f> -wnain rill ! >nmild be rwezttr-one^^ md I n»a^ nmr aMo.
:n 'I'-fo % ^'raf !<^l. 3>it bv ne mfaence oi Dr. ^^a^-^rw^ i nwf^ otbenL he
'^.f^rs^^ritrri. '. vis inof^nsreft -or -iie oomer, — iiad ao dmliea fit te-
M^rv-IVn^v rf<?r*? lEta^n Dr. dackus zsme nj :ixe rescne : he a«>^ otfaess
;(:i7<» me 3i afCKv! 3»itfit. so Jiat I rtniid oass v^rr weil .^«wM»g stzauDexaL
>fr. B-tron surf Alice -i^kme :'or ne — remained one rnght at uncle's^ We
^;tr*M r»rrt ^ay. It ^rw .lard laftiuig Tom ±e ounxiT. . . . SHff \
TTW aft^rf */> ajn. T^en wsim s«smetlitxi«^ Lonmitic in: learin^ hsmic; peflL^»
rt^v^ *o rfitiini. to ^ to the ^rear West and live anMin^ tie IndBm^ Icam
ffKfr lanqfiia^. an<f lead dmaa si God. Ob onr wa]r we rrdu^ gg^ ^h^
f>y^r<vr, bade hfm tarewefl aad leceived ixis hu^mw^ ^ gr^tt M*rf «Qod
man :

*' The ^^reather was very cold, hot we cfid oot sofer; we fei^ a sood
^ef jfh ;«n<1 Msm j^ood hordes. Aldioogh we did not leave BcthJefaem tiH
A^Ttf n<yvn, wt were ^ Canaan before dark, — stopped ^ a mnsy amntry
fav^rt. We were a larg;e company all tngedier in die bar-room - some
^ftf^ drmkitij^, s*>n»e telling stories, and some swearing. This was new
^fid fpifh^f painfal t^ Alice and me. Wc had never stayed at such a pbce
Yf^frrr^. What W(» here saw was common in nearly aQ the public houses
wy,^ff wf" ^fypped. At that time everything^ was done by sleighing. The

' tff A/*^} FJ^rk'i^, a^<»rwards President <A Hamiiton College, was pai^fpr of the
(hufth itt ^hfeheitt at that thiM.

1876.] David Bacon. 261

roads were fulL Sometimes we would meet thirty or forty sleighs loaded
with wheat going to Albany and Troy to market This made travelling to
the West rather unpleasant. We, however, got along very well — had fine
sleighing till we got as far as Geneva, where the snow left us. We
dragged along on bare ground and in mud to East Bloomfield. Here we
remained till the spring, when the roads were settled. Nearly all the
first settlers [in Bloomfield] were from Connecticut ; many from Bethle-
hem, old acquaintances of our family. They were intelligent, strong-
minded farmers, most of them Christians. Mr. Williston and Mr. Bush-
neU [missionaries from Connecticut] had been there, and God had
displayed the glory of His grace in those ends of the earth. We were
treated with great respect and kindness. Alice and I were a kind of
wonder to them. That we, so young, should be willing to forsake home
and friends and good old Connecticut, and go among the wild sons of the
forest, they thought strange indeed. Your father preached every Sabbath,
as they had no preacher.

'' About the first of April we started for Buffalo, having sold the sleigh
and things we could not carry. We had two good horses and one man's
saddle, and a Mackinaw blanket for the other horse. Mr. Bacon and
Alice would ride on two or three miles, while I trotted along on foot as
fsL&\ as I could. After a while he would tie his horse to a tree, and go on
with Alice. When I overtook them, I rode on ahead a mile or so, and
then tied and went on again. Thus we did till we reached Detroit, about
two hundred and fifty miles by land. There was no wagon road, only
a path through the woods, sometimes rather obscure, the trees marked to
show the way. We crossed the river at Rochester, where there was only
a house for the ferryman, / think. At Batavia there was a log tavern.
From that to Buffalo there was only one log-house, not chinked, that is,
the chinks [between the logs] not filled. We remained there over the Sab-
bath. The next day we reached Bufi^o. As the lake was not open we
had to remain a number of weeks. . . . The town was full of Indians,
many of them drunk. There was a large village of them on Buffalo Creek.
Red Jacket was the chief. Here Alice and I, for the first time, saw what
we then called wild Indians. We were at first afraid, but in a short time
ceased to fear. They were a miserably degraded specimen of human
nature. I thought then there was little hope of doing them good by teach-
ing or preaching.

" We waited for a vessel to take us to Detroit till we were tired. Then
we concluded to go by land and ' ride and tie.' We crossed at Black
Rock, and went down on the Canada side to the Falls of Niagara. There
was at the Falls a good tavern, where we took breakfast ; but there was no
other house, and I think there was none on the American side. Upper
Canada was then almost an unbroken wilderness, — no public roads.
We came to London on the river Thames. There we remained a num-
ber of weeks, very kindly treated."

What Mr. Parks, writing his recollections in 1864, called

262 David Bacon. [AjMtl,

" London on the Thames," Mr. Bacon, in a letter to his brother,
June 26, 1 80 1, called by another name. After describing
more briefly their journey to that point, his narrative proceeds
thus : —

" Though we met with some hindrances by means of bad roads [in the
journey through Canada], we arrived at the Pinery on the River Detrench
in ten days, one hundred and sixty miles from Buffalo, and within one hun-
dred and forty miles of Detroit There we were told that the way through
the fif^-mile wilderness was extremely miry and difficult, and that by wait-
ing three or four days, we might have an opportunity to go down the river
on a raft ; we therefore waited. But we were detained much longer than
we expected ; the raf^ did not start till the tenth day after we arrived there,
at noon. We slept on it two nights, but as we built us a little hut, kept a
good fire, and had hay for a bed and blankets for covering, and plenty of
coarse provisions, we were pretty comfortable. The third day, at about
noon, ourselves and horses were safely landed this side of the wilderness.
That evening we came to Fairfield, or Moravian Town, where we were
treated in the kindest manner by the Moravian ministers and their wives,
who appeared glad to see us. It being very rainy, we tarried there the
next day till near night, and spent the time very agreeably."

Among the incidents of that rainy day was one which Mr.
Bacon communicated to the trustees in his letter to them,i and
which was, in his view, so interesting that he told the same
story in almost the same words to his brother. The incident
ought not to be omitted from this narrative : —

" Having occasion to speak of Brainerd, as they were giving the charac-
ter of some of their missionaries, they observed that they had two Christian
squaws in their society who were baptized by him, and that one of them
had showed them a Bible a few days before, which she said she received
as a present from him. Recollecting that these Moravian Indians were
Dela wares, and that it was near this nation that Brainerd visited, I thought
the story was probably true, and was highly pleased to hear that some of
his Indians were still in the land of the living, and in the very neighbor-
hood where I was. It was very rainy, but I immediately sent for the one
who lived nearest to come and see me. She came according to my request ;
she appeared very decent, sensible, and clever; she spoke pretty good
English, seemed considerably advanced in years, but could not tell her
age, as is commonly the case with Indians. I think she told me that it
was on the Forks of the Delaware that she became acquainted with him.
She observed that she was very small when she was baptized by him, and
putting her handout about three feet and a half from the floor, said she was
not more than so high when she saw him last. She left that place about

^ Conn. Evang. Mag., II, 159.

I87&] David Bacon. 263

that time, and knows of no other who was acquainted with him bat the one
that is with her.^

The day after leaving Moravian Town, Mr. Bacon sold one
of his two horses, fearing he might not have so favorable an
opportunity at the end of his journey ; and the remainder of the
way to Detroit, about fifty miles, he and his young brother-
in-law went on foot At that season the paths that served for
roads were extremely bad, the soil often miry, the streams
swollen ; but in two days and a half of diffcult progress they
arrived at Detroit, Saturday evening. May 9, three or four
weeks earlier than would have been possible had they waited
for a vessel from Buffalo.

Happy and thankful were they all to find themselves at the
end of a journey so wearisome and perilous. Nothing had dis-
appointed them save the too early melting of the snow when
they had hardly measured half the distance. Not one of them
had been detained a day by any illness. The young wife's
*' strength and courage held out through the whole way as good
as at the first." Five Sabbaths the missionary had preached
at Bloomfield, once at Buffalo, and twice in Canada, doing really
missionary work wherever he was hindered in his journey.

Their arrival before the opening of navigation was a surprise
to the few friends who were impatiently expecting them, and
who received them with great kindness. None of Mr. Bacon's
letters had reached Detroit ; but at his former visit he had
arranged to open a school at his return from Connecticut, and
"the proprietors" were waiting for him. A few days were
spent in getting ready to keep house with scanty apparatus,
and on the 25th of May the school was begun. A special
school being desired by some of the inhabitants for their
daughters, Mrs. Bacon, four weeks later, undertook that work.
The missionary family had become, for the time, self-support-
ing. Indeed, it seems to have been expected that the mis-
sionary would go that warfare very much " at his own charges."

In 1800 and 1801 the Society paid for the Indian Mission a
sum total of ^400. This included the entire expense of the lone
pedestrian journey, beginning in August, 1800, and the outfit

' Brainerd's residence at the Forks of the Delaware ended fifty-five years before the
date of this incident — Mtmoirs in Edwards's Works(Dwight^s idiium)^ X» 193.
SICONO 8X&IU. — VOU Vlll. NO 2. l8

364 David Bacon, [April,

of the mission in Jan. 1801 ; and from that time till September,
1803 (^ y^^ ^^d eight months), there was not another cent of
payment for its support from the Society.^

Those schools were not the only employment of the mission-
ary. With some assistance from the government interpreter
at Detroit, he was struggling with the difficulties of the Ojib-
way language, which had not then contributed its marvels to
the science of Comparative Philology ; and he thought himself
able to report in that first letter, "We are making pretty good
progress." He had also begun a home missionary work, of
which we get some glimpses in his letter : —

^ The first Sabbath I did not preach, as I was very much fetigaed and
not prepared. Before the next Sabbath I made preparation, and in the
forenoon I gave them an introductory discourse, showing the need and
advantages of Divine revelation and of a regular ministry of the Word.
The assembly, which was more numerous than I expected, appeared to be
all attention. We make use of the court-house, which is very convenient
for the purpose. As the congregation is more numerous in the forenoon
(on account of their being in the habit of visiting and riding out for pleas-
ure in the latter part of the day), if I have a sermon of my own, I deliver
it in the forenoon.' I am so cold and lifeless through the week that it
seems as if I should be no way useful to this people. But when the Sab-
bath comes, I am generally so unexpectedly assisted, and the people
appear so uncommonly attentive, that I cannot but hope there is mercy in
store for them, and that it will be poured out upon them in answer to the
prayers of thousands who are pleading for my success. I use notes, but
the best of my sermons often come to me while I am preaching. Four or
five of my hearers are men of liberal education, but I have not heard
that they have made any unfavorable remarks. Indeed, I am treated with
much more respect by all classes of people than I had any right to expect
. . . Though I have been enabled, as I believe, to declare to this
people the counsel of God without reserve, yet the number of my hearers

increases."

Yet he expected to encounter difficulties in that ministry.
He was not surprised to find that the people all demanded
baptism for their children, thinking, indeed, " that this was the
principal thing for which they wanted a minister." His refu-
sal to baptize the children of parents making no profession of
religious experience had already been talked about ; and he
had preached on the subject from Rom. iv, 11, showing,

1 Conn. Ev. Mag., I, 479 ; II, 399 ; III, 330.

' Sometimes, it seems, he would read a printed sermon.

1876.] David Bacon. 26$

among other things, "the sin and folly of misapplying the
seals of the covenant" The subject was one on which discus-
sion, renewed from the time of Edwards and the " New
Lights," had hardly ceased in the New England churches ;
but he had no doubt of his duty. In his sermon on that sub-
ject, " I had," said he, " uncommon assistance ; and they have
since Been very silent" Silent they might be without being
satisfied. Mr. Parks's recollections describe more distinctly
the difficulties of the position : —

** Detroit, at the time we were there, was the largest and most important
city west of Albany. ... It was the great emporium of the fur trade.
The Indian traders, as they were called, were men of great wealth and
highly cultivated minds. Many of them were educated in England and
Scotland, and generally spent the winter there. They returned in the
spring with new goods, all purchased in Europe, and most of them brought
in vessels through the lakes. The inhabitants were English, Scotch, Irish,
and French, all of whom hated the Yankees most cordially. I am sure
there was not an American in the place except the officers and soldiers of
the garrison, which was composed of a regiment of infantry and one com-
pany of artillery. The city was enclosed by cedar pickets about twelve
feet high and six inches in diameter, and so close together that one could
not see through. At each side were strong gates, which were closed at
night and a sentinel placed at each. No Indians were permitted to come
in after sundown, or to remain over night.

"Your father had a fine school at first. The children of nearly all the
principal men attended. The school was popular and well-taught, for your
fother was a good and faithful teacher ; but he was a Yankegy and after a
while a strong influence was brought against him. The people, as I said,
hated the Yankees. The Roman Catholic priests, four or five in number,
had great influence even over those who weire not Roman Catholics.
They were classical men, he was not. All this was against us. One
thing was very much in our favor : the officers of the army and their
families treated us all with great kindness and respect. Your father had
a letter from the Secretary of War, requesting those at Detroit and Mack-
inaw to show him kindness, and give him all the aid they could in the
good work. This they uniformly did."

In the Magazine for November there was given a portion of
another letter from the missionary, dated Aug 25, 1801. He
was still preaching at Detroit, but had discontinued his after^
noon service there, and had undertaken to preach every Sab-
bath afternoon at another place, to which he had been invited
by the people, about six miles distant. He had found his
audiences generally " more attentive to the Word preached than

268 David Bacon. [April,

Arbercrosh. . . . Immediately on the opening of the qmiif, if p»
mitted, I mean to visit them and take Beaumont and a hired man with ae
to make a beginning for me, and assist the Indians about ploughing tfadr
land. They have horses, and they have plough -irons which they recdied
from Congress. But I must return and tarry till the last of May to fidfi
my engagements here. Then, if the Lord will, I purpose to move imme-
diately on with my family. I hope Mr. Badger will be there soon afitei;
But perhaps the trustees will think it best to send us to Arbercrosh ; if
they do, I trust I shall go cheerfully, though the place is much more
remote and friendless."

Mr. Badger, whose visit at Detroit in September, 1801, has
been mentioned, returned to Connecticut in the winter, and
was present at a meeting of the trustees, Jan. 6 and 7, 1802.
In that meeting the Indian Mission seems to have been partic-
ularly considered. " Several letters from Rev. David Bacon
were read, and verbal communications were made by Rev.
Joseph Badger respecting the Indians round Lake Erie^ etc"
What Mr. Bacon was intending to do, " if the trustees and
the Indians should be willing," was voted to be expedient A
memorandum drawn by Gov. Tread well was adopted and put
upon record, intimating the will of the Board.

That he " proceed on the opening of the spring to Arbercrosh or
other settlement of the Chippewa tribe, which on inquiry he shall find
best adapted to the object of his mission ; that he perfect himself in the
language amon,c:st them by intercourse and conversation as soon as may
be ; that when he shall have acquired a sufficient knowledge of the lan-
guage, or before, if an interpreter can be found in the vicinity to assist him
at a moderate expense, he deliver to the assembled chiefs and others the
Talk composed by this Board for that purpose, and receive their answer;
that he acquaint himself with their circumstances, manners, and customs,
and with the best means of bringing them to give up their wandering
habits of life and to attend to a regular course of education and religions
instruction, with the obstacles in the way, and the b^t means of avoiding
or surmounting them ; that as he has power and opportunity, he impart to
them, in conversation and in public discourses, the first principles of reli*
gious truths ; that he continue among them on this visit as long as the
public service shall require and the circumstances of himself and family
permit ; and that he report to the Board his proceedings and prospects as
opportunity presents."

Such was the plan which the honorable and reverend
Board proposed for a vigorous prosecution of the work. It
was just what the missionary was himself proposing. But

1876.] David Bacon. 269

what ideas the trustees had concerning the necessary cost of
the campaign they were planning may be inferred from their
next vote, which munificently appropriated to the Indian Mis-
sion "an aggregate sum not exceeding ^250," but at the
same time repealed an appropriation of ^150 which had been
made in the September preceding.

How early, in those days of infrequent and uncertain com-
munication between Haotford and Detroit, the instructions
drawn by Gov. Treadwell, and adopted by the Board on the 7th
of January, reached the missionary, does not appear. It only
s^pears that he went forward in a courageous attempt to obey
the instructions which accorded so well with his own judg-
ment expressed in his February letter to his brother. The
trustees were willing, and without loss of time he went to find
out whether the Indians were also willing. As early as the
1 2th of May the Board seems to have learned that the "aggre-
gate sum not exceeding J250" was hardly adequate to "the
object of the Indian Mission " ; for on that day Mr. Bacon was
** authorized to employ as interpreter the man mentioned in
his letter of Jan. i, provided he can procure him upon the
terms proposed." On the 25 th of May, the Board had gained,
it seems, a still broader view, and "voted that the sum of ^410
be appropriated to the object of the Indian Mission for the cur-
rent year, including the sum of J250 appropriated to said
object by a vote of this Board in January last." But those
judicious men had yet to learn how much the work would
inevitably cost, even on " a plan of the strictest economy."
Only a few days after that more generous appropriation, there
came a draft from the missionary for an amount larger by ^icxd
than what remained unpaid of the appropriation. Not only
was the account overdrawn, but there was an informality in the
draft itself, and no letter of advice had been received. The
Committee of Accounts could only suffer the draft to be
protested, and a special meeting of the Board was held on the
14th of July, to meet the emergency. Should the missionary,
at so great a distance, be disgraced without a hearing ? It was
agreed that the committee had done right in suffering the
draft to be protested ; but on the other hand, a suit at law
against the missionary " would be of unhappy tendency," and

270 David Bacon. [April,

a communication from him was daily expected. So the Com-
mittee of Accounts, with two members more, were authorized
to accept the draft in whole or in part, if the expected expla-
nation should seem to be sufficient, and meanwhile to inter
cede with the holders for reasonable forbearance. It was pro-
vided, nevertheless, that if the draft should be accepted in
whole, ^loo of the amount should be considered as paid ''in
advance towards another year's salary." The record of the
next meeting (Sept. i) shows that '* a lengthy letter was com-
municated to the Board " from the missionary, and that there-
upon it was " voted that the bill of exchange drawn by Mr,
Bacon, be paid, $ioo of the same to be considered as advanced
towards another year's salary." It would seem to have been
inflexibly determined that the Indian Mission in the depth of
the wilderness, a thousand miles away, whatever the cost to
the missionary, should not cost the Society more than f 250 a
year.

A large part of that " lengthy letter " (seventeen printed
pages) was published in the Magazine for October. The letter,
dated " Michilimakinak, July 2, 1802," gave a detailed account
of what had been done in strict obedience to the instructions
of the Board. An abridgment of it would be difficult, and
would much impair the vivacity of the story. Some passages
from the recollections written down by Mr. Parks, sixty-two
years afterwards, may be illustrated from the more extended
report of the missionary. Before proceeding to Arbrecroche,
it had been necessary to investigate the possibility of estab-
lishing the mission " at the Miami " ; and the experiment
which the missionary had made in that quarter was the subject
of his report to the Trustees. In the words of Mr. Parks, —

'^ Your father and I went to the Maumee to make trial of the natives and
see what could be done for them. We made preparations for our perilous
journey, and purchased a canoe or dug-out large enough to carry us and our
k>aggage. . . . We packed our * plunder,' as it is called by the natives,
and prepared for an early start in the morning. The first day [April 29]
we reached Brownstown, — twenty miles. This was the last settlement
between Detroit and Fort Wayne, except a few cabins at the mouth of the
River Raisin, where Monroe now is. Sometimes the lake was very rough,
but the man whom we hired to go with us, a large, courageous Pennsyl-
vanian, was a good waterman, and managed the canoe with great skill.

1876.] David Bacon. 271

We arriyed safely at Maumee Bay in three or four days. Here was an
old Indian village on a beautiful, elevated place, covered with blue grass.
The Indians had just returned from Detroit, where they had been selling
their furs and peltry. They received in payment whiskey, bread, flour,
and meat, and were preparing for a grand drunken powwow, I think there
were about 1,500 Indians on the river, or near it, when we were there. Our
man could talk the language so as to be understood about common mat-
ters, but not so as to act as interpreter ; but fortunately, or providentially,
we found a white man who had been with the Indians many years, and
spoke their language as well as an Indian.^ He acted as interpreter for
your &theras long as we remained on the Maumee. He boarded with us,
and I believe was paid for his services.^

**' When we started on our expedition we laid in a good store of pork,
bread, flour, and salt. We got very good maple sugar from the Indians.
Our tea and coffee were made of wintergreen. . . . Fried pork, bread
baked before the fire, wintergreen tea sweetened with maple sugar, — oh,
how good ! And then the sleeping — how delightful ! — on the cool earth,
under a blanket. . • . Somedmes I was afraid of the Indians when
large numbers were drunk, but I soon got over this, and became so ^miliar
with their ways that I ceased to fear.

'* Your father had many talks with them, and met them in council when
large numbers, five hundred or a thousand, were present. They listened
to all he said, and answered with great deliberation. They did not wish
to make any change in their religion, but thought the good old way was
the best Having done all he could, and having no hope of doing any good
to the Indians there, your father concluded to leave them and seek a more
fi&vorable location.''

The missionary's more extended narrative shows that when
he arrived at the mouth of the river (near the place where the
thriving city of Toledo now gives employment and homes to
more than 30,000 people) most of the chiefs were drunk at the
trader's, above. After waiting there two days, and finding that
their absence might be indefinitely prolonged, he, with his com-
panions, went up the river eighteen miles to Fort Miami (now
Maumee City), that he might there deposit the provisions and
the farming tools which he had brought. The next day he
returned, having learned that the chiefs had gone down. On
Saturday, May 8, he found the head chief (whose name being
interpreted was Little Otter;, and one other at the main village,
all the rest being drunk in the neighboring villages, and with

' He had been taken captive ** when he was ten years of age, and adopted into
the head fiimily of the nation, and was considered a chief.*'

• •* An excellent interpreter," says the missionary, " who served me faithfully
for a much less sum than what either of the others would have asked.**

272 David Bacon. [April,

those two he held a conference of several hours, explaining to
them the nature * and design of his mission. They were
courteously attentive, and when he had finished his statement
Little Otter made reply (so the missionary wrote), —

" That the Great Spirit had been listening, and that they and their young
men had been listening to all that I had said ; that he believed it was true ;
that the air appeared clear and no clouds in the way, and that he would
assemble his chiefs and hear me again as soon as possible, but that till
then he could give me no further answer."

Through the next day, the Lord's Day, they " enjoyed peace
and quietness " in that heathen village ; but the night which
followed was noisy, for a poor child was dying in one of
the wigwams, and conjurers were at work to save its life by
making an uproar with drums and rattles. Such work, as the
morning drew near, required whiskey, and from drinking some
of the conjurers got to fighting. " But at the request of the
sober Indians, who chose not to interfere," the missionary party
separated the fighters, and after a while succeeded in putting
an end to the quarrel which otherwise would have been a mur-
der. No progress could be made on Monday, for most of the
chiefs being still drunk. Little Otter could not convene his
parliament, but he informed the missionary that they would be
sober the next day, in preparation for a dance that was to fol-
low in the night. On Tuesday it was found that nothing could
be done before the dance ; and Little Otter advised that the
business be deferred three days, intimating that the chiefs
might be expected to be wise by that time, and ready to attend
to a communication from the missionary. One incident of that
day, Tuesday, May ii, may be given in Mr. Bacon's own
words : —

" As there were sick people who needed my charity, and as others were
constantly begging from me, I had disposed of all my provisions, and
found it necessary to go up to the fort for more. When I arrived at my
interpreter's, which was one mile above, I found there the head chief of
Rushdaboo, who was very troublesome when in liquor. I perceived that
he was intoxicated, and soon discovered by his gestures and the tone of
his voice while talking with another Indian, that he had something against
me. Within a few minutes he accosted me in an ang^ manner, — told me
that he had heard bad news, that he had been informed that the white
people were a-going to collect all the Indians together, and then fall upon

1876.] David Bacon, 273

them and kill them, and that he believed that I had come upon that busi-
ness. But I soon convinced him by means of my interpreter, that I had
neither inclination nor ability to destroy them ; and that I had come among
them to be one of their people, and to do them all the good that was in my
power. He then gave me his hand, and told me he would be my friend,
but begged that I would lend him a dollar to get some whiskey. I put
him off by telling him that I had been so long from home that I had spent
the most of my money, and that if I had to remain there much longer, I
did not know but I should have to call on him for assistance. But before
we parted, he kissed me more times than I could have wished, and hugged
me till he obliged me to return the compliment."

An adverse wind hindered their going up the river more
than five miles that afternoon, and they encamped for the
night about a quarter of a mile above the Indians' dancing
ground. The interpreter (who, it will be remembered, was an
Indian by adoption) advised Mr. Bacon to go with him to the
dance ; but he, knowing that some of the Indians would be
intoxicated, that such would be apt to be jealous of him at that
time, " and that nothing would be too absurd for their imagi-
nations to conceive or too cruel for their hands to execute,**
judged it " not prudent to be among them that night." One
night, however, was not all ; for that was " their annual conju-
ration dance, which they celebrated every year on their return
from hunting." The next morning a son of the head chief
was sent with an express invitation to the missionary, and he
went. From his full description of the conjuration dance and
the conjurers, one passage may be transcribed : —

" The dancers appeared to be about one hundred and fifty in number,
very fairly dressed. Their parade was on a beautiful eminence on the
bank of the river. The turf was taken off from their dancing ground,
which was about twenty feet in width and forty in length. In the middle
stood a red post with a white feather in the top, round which the conjurers
took their stand, who seemed to be musicians to the rest who were dan-
cing round them. On each side they had bark roofs erected, under which
they smoked their pipes and refreshed themselves when fatigued. The
most of them had begun to be intoxicated, and some were very noisy and
quarrelsome ; but when they attempted to fight, the rest would hold them
till they got pacified, or till they got them drunk enough to sleep. The
Indians who did not belong to the dance were seated round at some dis-
tance from the rest, and were merely spectators. I took my stand at the
end of a bark hut, within four or five rods of them, where I had a fair
prospect. While I was standing there, I recollect to have seen one of the

2/6 David Bacon. [April,

Having made this announcement, the talk proceeded to
explain the constitution and functions of the General Associa-
tion of Connecticut, and (what is not easy for the average
Connecticut Christian to understand) the identity between the
General Association and the Missionary Society, which is
nevertheless not the same thing, but another ; also what mis-
sionaries are, whence is derived the name of the Missionary
Society. Then came an explanation of what is meant by
religion, — an explanation including a summary of theoretical
and practical theology, and ending with a description (rf the
Bible as the authentic source of religious knowledge. It
seemed necessary, also, to explain that the Legislature of Con*
necticut had " granted liberty to the trustees to ask the con-
tributions of the good people," and that thus the means had
been provided for sending a missionary. The bearer of the
talk was commended to the Indians as '' a good man and a
good Christian." Then, with a few words expressing the kind
feelings of those who had sent him on that errand, and asking
for him that he might be received and treated as a friend, —
words which, had they been all, might have been sufficient for
their purpose, — the talk of the trustees was brought to an end.

It will have been seen that the missionary, bound by positive
instructions, could not evade the duty of delivering to those
chiefs and others the written message which had been put into
his hands. He felt the difficulty of the task. First, he must
make the document intelligible to his interpreter, a wild man of
the woods, whose education in English had been broken off in
his childhood ; and then he must trust that man to make it intel-
ligible through the probably inadequate medium of the Ojibway
language. He had gone over it with the interpreter beforehand,
carefully endeavoring to make him understand it ; but when he
came to the public reading of it in that assembly, he felt that
the interpreter was still in need of help. " I took care," so he
reported, " to read him but a few lines at a time, and then to
express the ideas in language better adapted to his capacity,
and more agreeable to their modes of speaking." He added
frankly, though modestly, "I think the address was much too
long, i, f, it contained too many ideas on that subject, to them
so uninteresting, to be delivered to Indians at once, but this

1876.] jyavid Bacon. 277

made it longer." To help his explanation of the address, he
drew on the ground, before beginning to read, a map of Lake
Erie, of the State of New York, of Connecticnt, and (more
vaguely) of regions beyond, even as fer as the city of Wash-
ington. He showed them how Connecticut was divided into
towns, each with its great house for worship, and its minister ;
and thus giving them some notion of what Connecticut was, he
tried to make them understand that the trustees whose talk he
was about to read were persons of great eminence and authority.
The map excited their curiosity, and they were somewhat atten-
tive to the statement of matters of fact It was also observed
that when they heard such parts of the address as accorded
with their notions, when they were told that God made all
things, and that we must not murder, steal, cheat, or lie, they
responded, though not very fervently, with their " Huoh ! " as an
English audience responds " Hear ! Hear ! " But to other parts
of the address they were less attentive, giving almost no
response. " This shows," said Mr. Bacon in his report, " the
difficulty of teaching a disorganized people."

Having gone through the task of interpreting the official
talk, he told the chiefs that if their patience was not exhausted
he desired them to hear what he had to say for himself. They
readily consented, and as he began to speak, they seemed more
attentive. His discourse, as reported by himself to the trustees,
was by no means a brief one. He began by explaining how it
had come to pass that no missionary had been sent to them
till then. Having heard of certain objections to their receiving
him, he stated those objections one by one, and answered them.
Had it been said among them that the white men's religion was
not designed for Indians } His answer was, God has revealed
it for the world, and has commanded that it be preached to
every creature. Was it objected that this religion is not good
for red men ? He answered by showing what effect it would
have on their children, on their young men, on their entire
community, and how it would fit them for Heaven and bring
them thither ; and how other Indian nations had tried it and
found it good. Had it been objected that by receiving him
they would " expose themselves to the fate of the poor Mora-
vians [on the Muskingum], who were destroyed by our people

2/8 David Bacon. [April,

in consequence of their embracing our religion " ? His answer
was, that our bad men would be restrained by our laws, for the
Indians were at peace with us and under the protection of
Congress. But the most serious objection of all was that if
they were to receive instruction they must live together in
permanent settlements, which was impossible on account of
their fighting and killing one another when intoxicated. This
great objection he answered more at length by explaining to
them what his method would be, and how he hoped to do them
good. He acknowledged that the objection was valid while
they made such use of spirituous liquor, and his plan was that
they should begin a new village in which none should be
allowed to get drunk, and from which every one should be
expelled who would not comply with that regulation. His
report tells how he argued with them : —

" I showed them the advantages of adopting the plan, — that they
would live in peace, as they never quarrelled when they were sober ; that
with my assistance they would be able to give their children an educatloD,
for want of which they were going on blindfold in their business with
white people, who frequently imposed upon them, but who would not be
able to cheat them if they once had eyes of their own to see for them-
selves, as would be the case if their young chiefs and others should get an
education and learn to speak English; and that then they might have
books printed in their own language for them to read ; that I would show
them and assist them what I could, about making carts and ploughs, and
about ploughing their ground ; so that they might improve [employ] their
horses, which were then almost useless to them, and raise a plenty of com
and wheat, potatoes, squashes and tobacco, horses and cattle, sheep, bogs,
and poultry ; that I would show them and assist them what I could about
building a mill, building houses, and making furniture for their houses ;
that I would make them wheels, and show them about making looms ; and
that my wife would learn their young women to make their own cloth ;
that our good people would send them on schoolmasters enough to school
all their children for nothing ; that I would try to have them send on a
blacksmith who .was a go6d man, and would mend their guns and do all
their work for them in the best manner, and at a much more reasonable
price than what they had to give for it then, besides saving them the trou-
ble of going a great distance for it. I told them that, as their land was
excellent, if they would adopt this plan and their young men would assist
their women and children, they might enjoy all these privileges within a few
years, without working hard, and that then they would have a comfortable
home for their old people and for those who were sick, where they could
remain through the winter whilst the others were gone to their hunting

1876.] Dccvid Bacon. 279

grounds ; and what was infinitely more than all the rest, they might then
enjoy the religion of God's Word, which, if they would rightfully attend to
It, would make them unspeakably happy forever."

He showed them what the prospect would be if they should
reject his proposal. Game was growing scarce, and would
soon be too scarce for them to live by hunting. Unable to
obtain their living from the soil, they would become in a few
years very poor and hungry. They would sell their excellent
land for little or nothing, and would be under the necessity of
leaving that pleasant river and delightful country, and of seek-
ing a home in some distant and unknown wilderness. He
urged them, therefore, not only to prevent liquor from being
brought into the proposed village, but to desist entirely from
drinking it He would have them more afraid of those who
brought whiskey among them than of those who came with
fire-guns. He told them how the tribes that once lived east-
ward to the Atlantic had almost perished, " principally by
means of this destroying liquor." This universal drunkenness
was displeasing to God, and had provoked Him to give them
up to die as by their own hands. If the Indians there continued
to go on as others had done, they must expect to be swept
from the earth in like manner. They might think they could
not keep from drinking, but if they would strive against it, and
pray to the Great Spirit to help them, He would enable them
to keep from it. The peroration of his discourse was in words
like these* : —

'' I might have lived much happier at home among my dear friends and
acquaintance, where we had everything that was comfortable around us ;
but knowing how much you need my assistance, and having a great love
for you, and being commanded by God, I have forsaken all, and have
come a great distance to spend my days with you, in order to make you
happy in this world and in the world to come. I have come by the desire
of God's ministers and good people, who have always been your best and
only true friends, both in time of war and in time of peace, and have
always been praying to God for you, that you may enjoy the great privi-
leges which they have now been at so much pains and expense to help you
to. I have not come merely of my own accord or by the desire of
those good people ; but God has sent me and commands you to listen to
me. Since it is thus, if you do not receive me and attend to the good

^Conn. £v. Mag., Ill, 153, 154. The language in the quotation is changed
simply from the oblique form to the direct.

SECOND SERIES. — VOU VIII. NO. 2. I9

28o David Bacon. [April,

things which I am sent to teach you, you will make me very sorrowful ;
you will exceedingly grieve the hearts of God's ministers and people, and
what is Infinitely worse, you will dreadfully offend God who has sent me,
and will make Him very angry with you.

''To conclude my speech, you are not to blame for not having this good
religion sent to you before ; but if you reject it now it is sent, if 3rou reject
the goodness of God in sending it to you, and all our kind offers to you
which have cost us so much trouble and expense, you will certainly be
inexcusable. I hope, therefore, you will give me a favorable answer."

He was thus urgent in his appeal to them because he sus-
pected that the majority were determined not to receive him.
The patience with which they heard him was partly due to the
fact that he had " furnished them, in the first place, with as
much tobacco as they could smoke." The council was pro-
longed into the night. The next day, about noon, they
assembled on the grass, and sent for the missionary that he
might receive their answer. Little Otter, as the principal
chief, announced the result of their long deliberation in a speech,
which, as written down by Mr. Bacon, is by no means the least
noteworthy among the recorded specimens of aboriginal
eloquence. The answer was courteously and ingeniously
evasive. Game was indeed becoming scarce, but there would
be enough of it if only the " great black-gowns and chiefs "
would keep the white people from settling so near the Indians.
Whiskey was very mischievous, but it would do them no harm
if the white people would leave off making it and bringing it to
them. What the missionary had been saying was all very good,
but they of that tribe would not wish to steal these good words
or keep them to themselves, and therefore they advised the
missionary to confer with other Indians, of whom there were a
great many. The only promise they would make was that if
all the tribes would agree to have black-gowns, they would
agree to have one too.

All this was only *' a more polite way of answering than to
say No." Most men would have regarded that indirect refusal
as conclusive, " But," said Mr. Bacon, " I was not disposed to
take even No for an answer, till I had a farther trial." He
immediately begged another hearing, and went on with a fresh
argument on all the points which their answer had proposed.
Without repeating what he had said before, he refuted their

1876.] David Bacon. 28 r

evasions in a way level at every point to their capacity, and
then he ended with this appeal : —

** Fathers, you see that I am very unwilling to leave you. I have come
a great way to visit you, and I find there is a prospect of my doing you so
much good if I remain here that I do not know how to think of going
away. You see that it is just with me as it is with your children. If you
tell them that 3rou can't have them with you, and that they must go off and
look for another home, they will tell you that they love you so much that they
can't leave you. And if you insist on their going away, they will hang
round you and tell you they can't, and they will plead with you to let them
live with you, and will tell you how much good they will do you if you will
let them stay. Now, Fathers, if you will not turn away 3rour children who
love you and are willing to do anything for you, and who plead with you in
thb manner to keep them, I think I may conclude that you will not turn
me away."

All this the Indians heard with increased attention, and then
they held a secret consultation. After some time the mis-
sionary was summoned to receive the answer which they had
agreed upon. Little Otter again exhibited his oratorical skill.
The reply was courteous but decisive. It was to this efiFect :
You think the Indians are like wild horses, and that we are
tame enough to be caught and to be used in catching others.
But we are all wild, and if you were to try ever so long, you
could never get us to live together. You can go home to the
great fathers who sent you, or write to them and let them know
how it is. Tell them that you have tried all you could to have us
live together and could not get us to do it, and that this is the
way with their red brothers. Your religion is very good, but
only for white people ; it will not do for Indians. When the
Great Spirit made white people He put them on another island,
and gave them farms and tools to work with, and He made
horses and horned cattle, and sheep and hogs for them, that
they might get their living in that way, and He taught them
to read and gave them their religion in a book. But when He
made Indians, He made them wild and put them on this island
in the woods, and gave them the wild game that they may live
by hunting. We formerly had a religion very much like yours,
but we found that it would not do for us, and we have discovered
a much better way. If you had only proposed to school our
children, you might have got here and there one to attend ; but

282 David Bacon. [April,

we are afiaid of your religion, and therefore we cannot listen to
yoiL You said that you had come a great way to see us. We
go a great way sometimes to see folks and get news, but if we
do not make out anything, we do not mind it or think anything
of it. This is all that your red brothers have to say to you.

So the negotiation with those Indians was ended. Sadly
the missionary thanked them for their civilly, and expressing
at once r^ret for their delusion and hearty wishes for their
welfare, he took leave of them. It was Saturday, the 15th of
May, and night was approaching, but as he had made every-
thing ready, and the wind was favorable, he and his companions
made haste to embark in their canoe, and by dmt of hard row-
ing, with little rest, they reached home safely on Tuesday, hav-
ing been absent almost three weeks, exposed to wind and
weather, and lying on the ground almost every night.

Mr. Bacon's narrative of his attempt at the Maumee River is
the longest and most elaborate writing of his that has been
preserved. Inasmuch as it exhibits the man better than I can
describe him, I have given the story in full, and much of it in
his own words. The traits of character which the reader will
hardly fail to discern are the traits which live in my remem-
brance of him from my early childhood till my sixteenth year.

Leonard Bacon.

Ntw Haven^ Cotm^

\T0h0C9mimmd.'\

1876.] Ministry and Churches of New Hampshire. 283

MINISTRY AND CHURCHES OP NEW HAMPSHIRE.

:PABT n. ^ ALFHABETICAL CATALOQUB OF MimSTEBS.

INTRODUCTORY NOTE,

Tbis Second Put of the BegUter eooeiiU of an Alpbabetieal CaUlogae of all the namet of,
mliiiateni in the Flni Part, with auch memoranda aa oonld be grouped within the limlta of
the table. We have alio incladed, on aeoouni of their intimate relatione with these min-
ietera, the ordained Preeidente and Profeaaon of Dartmouth College, of Qilm anion Theological
Seminary, of Kimball Union Academy, and two or three other eminent Inatmctora.

We have eought falnees and accaracy, with what aucceaa we leave to the Judgment of
olbere. Any one who deala with namee and datee knows how inevitably errors will
ereep into the most oarefal work. He la often left to a simple oholce between anthoritiea
which seem eqoally good, with no means at hand of original verification. As to fulness,
we may say that we give full birth memoranda of every present n^inister in the State, save
OB«, whoae birth-date is unknown. Of others now living, all but one are given, and this one
lacks only the month and day. Of the dead, we have fall birth data of all but 71, and of these
the place and year in 45 eases, leaving 28 cases only in which the year is not known. Of
these, more than one half were not born in this country, and nesarly all were bom more than
one hundred years sgo. The record of deaths is more ftill ; so that in the matter of the
atveraga langth of life of New England ministers, we may clahn for this Begister no slight
value. Barly Dates are given generally, If not uniformly, in New Style.

It la obviously Impracticable to give our authorities In all cases; but some general state-
ment is proper. The sources from, which we have drawn most largely are, the Memoranda
of Mr. John Kelly, published in Farmer and Moore's CcUecUon$ t John Farmer's LiH, in
Vol. Vf, American Quarterly RegitUr, and the Bcdeslastloal Statistics in other volumes of
the same Roister; Lawrence's Ntw Bampthirt Churehei; Chapman's Dartmouth Alumni {
Sibley's J7anHini Qraduatftt together with his invaluable memoranda yet unpublished ; a
MS. List prepared by Dr. Bouton thirty years since; the General Outalogne of Andover
Tbeolc^eal Seminary and the Catalogues of other Seminaries, as well as College Triennlala,
the StalitfUcal Tables of the Gilmanton N, H. JiepoHiory and the Historic and Genealogical
Itegieter, Besides this, firiends too numerous to mention have searched town, fkmlly, and
other records, and are entitled to our hearty thanks ; and we would acknowledge the special
aid received from Hev. Samuel L. Gerould. Rev. F- D. Ayer, Rev. Dr. Quint, Dea. B. F.
Dnren, Rev. A. W. Wild, Rev. William H. Moore, and Hon. Franklin B. Dexter.

BxPLANATiONS. — 1. Columu Flrst gives the fiill name, spelled according to the Iat«*r
naage — so far as known — of the man himself. 2. Column Seoond gives the birth.plaoe,
town, and State, and date. When no State is mentioned New Hampshire is to be under-
stood. 8. Column Third gives collegiate and theological education. The abbreviations of the
names of InstltnUons are explained at the close of the Catalogue. A dash following college
initials shows that the man did not graduate. The same fact is indicated by a dagger after a
seminary initial. If the name of an institution has been changed, the present name is used. In
eases of private theological study, the name of i he Instructor is given when known. 4. In Col-
umn Fifth, numbers, referring to the towns In Part Fir»t, are used when there is not room for th e
name Itself. The letter ** a" after these names, shows, as in Part I, that the man was not
there ordained or Installed. A star following a name indicates that that ministry was cloeed
by death. Places are arranged In the order of time. 6. In Column Sixth, when the fhct of
death is certain but the date unknown, a star Is inserted. The letter ** a" following a date
or number ImpliM a near conjecture, the exact f <«ct being unknown ; and a ** ? " after a date
or place indicates doubt. In vome cases additional notes are needed, referring to authorities
and vindicating the text. Such notes are arranged alphabetically at the end. and are referred
to by the '* [n] *' in the table. It would be easy to multiply them, but limitations of space have
made them few. Useful sunmiaries and a discussion of the statistics as a whole, we reserve
for a future paper.

A few errors In names and ordination dntes in Part I are here corrected, and whenever
disagreement Is noticed Part II is to be accepted as the better authority. Four or five acting
pastorates of a year or two, omitted In Part I, are here properly credited. The only names
added to the list for this reason are those of Clark Perry, Leander Thompson, and Nathan
Waid*.

384 JUimstfy and Ckunka of Nem Hampshire. [April,

III i a i\ 'kiii %\% %ti '

tit I it ii% an it % i it

5 ^

OHMaMiiaS<»g<&BaoiBi3za5a.l-<^zc££'£igaioi»Ka-n
=g||i'gSji|g'S'g'|ggg|gg|g'||S^^^^

""ik i "7

iiiiiliiliiiliiMisSiiSEli lli'l i'lii

BBB lo-Ja lQ<Qd3:a=BiJ!^Ba3aad-ai3 a'a^ta t^g-<V

a'-"saaE-'!isa"a2"-"s-"s' 8-"''"ssi::2"=sa5"s"" a-'ssa

1876.] Ministry and Churches of New Hampskirt, 285

S S S ? S !; 8 S83 i!S8i;S r& ESS 3 33

■I 1% i III iiiii it \ii i ii

in i-% i i Hi iiiii ii Hi I it

.- Ji-s'st. ^i i ii\ . i"

(ilil^liilililiMil 5 ^li^ii" iliillMliMii

\iii %i%iiiiiiiMi% l.ijIiiiiWilMiliillllli
Ill'iiWlWiftWii'i Ift'lsM^lMlWHIiHil

glslllljllllllll^ll igliillllllllllllslllllll

286 Ministry ^and Churches gf New Hampshire. [April,

ti % isjjft'jejl"-

i i

I mi =1

* is" ^ «"

1^

lilliiiiilJiiiliiliiii

■^•<3fro5&^il^o!t3£ig;

5S SSai^R'-''*'

flil IHii

S'isISi

llllllliii

S'S3"2"S-S5'.

liiiliili

SKiJsSESSal

mi

i J_ || ill III ^ii

[liiliWi I i 1 11 1 lliiii i i"

'^UW^V I \^ I u

iliii"

^IliWa

'fiiisiMHilliiisiHiiiisiii

lis

iS/C] Ministry and CImrches of New Hampshire. 287

i iiii 1 11" g" Hit i ti iiiii it tit -lis

II

.. . I J

tUitUiiitiiimtititiiiitittiit^^ it,

illlgiiMlllllllll

3 lBa<i-o I I laa l<i

llliii III 1 1 III iilil

itiiiiiiiiiiUHiiiiiiitiiiiitiiiiMiiitii

Ml

288 Mimstry and Chtmhes ef New Hamfishirw. [April,

I SEE 2 E SSCS£

at i i iiiii Im t a

S 1^

iUiiiPMiitUiii MiUitUMiiiiitii

4 i is

lis sli§:

sililillllii si'lii'

3 S S S.?-

Ill iMIfsiil ii

aa I >daddddd>ci od

I" ilia

g 5 a -ss^

ijiiiiJiiilaiiiili

1876.] Ministry and Churches &f New Hampshire. 289

% 5SS 3 i SSi; 3 3C SS ;! S S S i!S «« 8

A S "" — i; SI "5 3 "S £ S " 3 3 5 S * US S

I li 1 1 III I II II I 1 4 1 II il I

i Hi I f gig i it If I g 1 5 a it §
f- I ? .1" I ^ § I 1 ! I

8

-S-'asr!! i-iii' a="S!i--«<i-a

s-'a-'-'aaS =■-■-■=•« rt"

41

mMmmm KiwiiM

illlifll lltll 1^

S|

tiiu-MiiiiilM^m

ilillSsi lllsilii

^1 i i liil rjisl; trtsi^''' Si"i'is=»1
ii'l I I iMiiliiif liiif liiilglfsdiililll

6dd I d duDOD iDDoti loocd uDcdud^da^pticJdd id

frfr l^e^i ^ s^S^sa s'tig-HiS'Sli ^:^ii!S§3 iE«iiSo&
as •?£ea<S a os£>^-4-< •;xi£3ii£S£>^^ cin-«SoOiS^ £Kca4s;za

grill's |l^|ss|||||5=iil|||lii"s^i|"f ilMii§"

290 Mimstry and Churches of New Hamfiskav. [April,

1
I

3

S3 S3 KSgSS K E ar:S2SSEE3E:: S3 K ES

"2 2 2-222 - 25S=BS3£2SS 3= 3 8-

a i am 1 1 li-iiiHMi ii i a

1

1

1

1
1

ii0i u i

i.#iJijj.LiJi
iWiiiiiiiiiiiM

H

3

mMMmmmmmmmmitmu

(SI

0

?

lMiiiMillfiMisii3iiliWpis|ii|i

d3d=d ,dddBd3=D3oqd ,d--d=^dddy:.-dddddd , ,-Jdd

B

Q

<

>-<

C4

iJllliil li&iiJll*««ll4jil|iSi«siili

liilliJiiiiilidfiWli

S

1 .« «■ 1- 1
laiiiffllfflMJJiiiiliiJliiiiilJ.^

1876.] Ministry and Churches of New Hampshire. 291

"a a "s

g-s- i- a?

M — = ^«i a e» — SI « «i. — a- - -

4 I»IS I S ^ £ lllx £ III ill' 11 I ll :3 ^

I" sg'ili" j g I i iiii % g'll i¥ ii i ii i_ i

ll

H..i

T-ii^i'

fin ii i'

i^

B3 lea:Jai:daaQ=d j_

iiiifiiiiiiiii

.sgasg'

2328;

islililiiill liiii'i i

;ouou:j ouuuu

-8°*US"-a3 = S2SS =

li|il|f Hi^l M F|S3 ni 111 § P|ii II « 0" 5li It'

3; I

I'® ? 5"

■' J. 5

sf .-.-alia ..-L-.-^vc

292 Ministiy and Churches of Neat Hampshire. [April,

SSr: 5 S g S

SSSg E!

-— "_ S — °^ S ° ™SS» * Set " .. — ssS^S

g'i'i it it i iiii I e'e i gi i igi'i"

^A.

I ill <£ 'i-i .is . 55 1 5

ii'ls'i'giiii' ii"i"iliilgli'i"iiis'j'i§ii tttiit

SHs-^SSs,

^ I IP I ill siliiEiif i1 iiiiil

|ja:s-3a =.._. ?, .' --"■ - -=■-■ -'-- -'- - ---- ■ ^'

1876.] Ministry and Churekts ■/

cess e S3S3 e ? ?3 sg

<4 &

mi

5 ^"s'jfS ^ i -.

fidtiiiCii^ ^d»:

.'M^.^IJ

Ministty and Chure/us of New Hampshire. [April,

see s 3 s z ::$ s? 8% a 8 !;3

III I

Hi i

.-.ii

s 2s" tt it i

'•'i '.

Ml 'A

S ail"

I Is

I" Sf"

■ '' --iiU

siii"8i3"ii" iiiiiiiiiiiUiUiiiiiii&Uii

m ii ! siiii fii'i i i i Hi ii

Mil h \ii\i\ ill'i 1 1 1 ik I Hit I ili'liM
MiliMlllJSJiiiill*

3"2S2S:

5"B"5§s"|s| iiisl'iisSii'iiilliilliiiiillli

18761] Htstty and Chunhes of New Hampshire. 295

as s-3 asanas 28 a*a a gss

I g I j j' Hi s i §' I g'j f g'l f Hi

fi i a I Ij

i'ig'sjilgli" iMjlsWllMlij" jlJsWlsjJjMj"
is- ilif i mUi -•--.■ < i.v: .-1 ft

S fa "rf S a ^^ Sb; a a- .

Oo^aoooQoe enncEiitaiiioannni

SICOND SUtlBS. — VOU Till. HO. 3.

T ■ ZlftffSfllTg.

r -I ri

.-Z- "- ■*!— TCT -1-»^ ■■ I '- -•TwiiSSrt'ii*

' - """ "" — "- - s"^ " ^ '■ * ~'

^ '' ' ' : 1 . . , - ' • - .— .— ••-

A

- ,^.'-. ■■■y'T r4paBi-«---w-r— ^«^

m

/. :

^ .

1876.] Ministry and Churches of New Hampshire. 297

r s 3 c £ 3

a s ifa a * a

SI I S Is I 3 t i III £ I

jj" j" 5" i§ i i.i. i iu i i

=1

II

J4i

il si

lJlslllllilillllj|j|j|i!lllsi|fallil|iMil

i jiit-iii
ummu

ii IS

nil III ll'lli

S3 -■'■b

I" If iiif iiiti '- -"
iiii" iiiiiiiiii"

s"* 2SS* a"a"*" **"

J Isllflil Mill IJ

i U&iiits iiiti a

aa&d laio

- Ill

L-

i^f

^.

SiisHs" ■■■"■

29S Mhuttry and Chmhes vf New Hmi^dttrt. [Api9,

3S£

is?

^^'i.-i.i.'i 2-" S2 8ESJE B sa

ill g iiliiig i'j. li" sljf §' tt

iH

III 4 ill li

lllllsilllfi

:l li lift" 1 1 ? li; Mi*

lii" I iii" II i till 8i;ii'i I i-fi'

'llllni.. „

1876.] Ministry and Churches of New Hampshire.

a si" '

299

3 S 3

I ki i Ui i an II I
it Hi iiii i iiii it i

Hi

4 a '

i

■"i a'-'sit-'-'sisa

III itiiUiiW

■fl< -a^K < ■

lilli'il'alisifl

Si^i=i3tl8i3¥3
III

j"^ to St-^jj^ ■<B'<dQ<0'

ii\ liiikMMiiiil

b-'Ei I sa j I

;=5a

ill

USEES

^"%s1l' ^" i 3 3 i

iaaMaM5MS{aaSga-i.3£^iaa3ioBgia

INlsiJEIflll

1-1 i c s"

Iia5 -

ilJlJllaSlllllilllllJIal allll

Mimstry and Churches of New Han^hire, [Ai^il,

3 *|is5asss' si"" a s 2 s ^'2

o. 6,j"a,ogs.^ g-jfr :i its Ji-i

£ •<j:4<4z<iS Sola j -4 J Sc o^£

J .IV % .. J . 4

is ili^lli ^T II l^l 11^ 11% ' ll 2I

sl IliliSilf I iiilllli" liMfliliilili]

2a!i5'''S32S"d"" H'-"=S32"'""a' a-'SBS5'asf8!fa2-V-''tf

■<z£5sf;^-l<^Ci^(£«asii!ciS<<oJ'.a •?4aT-io=a<B.a3aaflii

\l

i8y6.] Ministry and (Arches of New Hampskire. JOt

s e £S3ss na s ssass s ss ss as s kss
a a as^'iif saa" » s- jfa^a s- sa a--' s sa*

I I I jlil iis i liiii|l II U IS i iii
- 74 B.

Iflli

a! 7

1%

Sif 5"

,d^d d;

li|2 |S£!.-i||iii 11 1 lllpli s lilii

iiiiii uiiMiiiiiiiiiiiMMiiMsUMMi

1 .- 1

,1. =,^ «, . 'i'Mii

j-t-„-3 I*-.--- - %=;£ ■s"a 5«i n 5£>i-Ko a

° 9 m i«'S"T "p fl""*^^ -^nS "2^^ Sr— b".s3

ma

303 Mmtstry and Churehts t^ New Hamtpskin. [Apifl,

8 S%3 S3SZ

i iiii Ui ii i\

^9 n.ri i-aSaS

PSSSS S 2 3 S5

I i jl

B i Ei

Si"

I III

I I f'^^-

i -- 1^

- -8 Si a* 3

II l|5|

iES||E" U fiiiiiiti iiiiiiiiii iiiiiiii

|9« ills

S§ iiiiilili

o rfo a irf^-^ o. oV*5f -

I 1=1 §3

^ -qsiJ pa-4

Mill If li'

outJdd , .0,0
<nj>;a I liii Ife

iim'A

8S*3I3We=2? iiiiiiiiii iiiiiiii

?'iifilS°-lH

Biafc.-<aaiMa

I I 3 -s

111 1 .

IMMi

1876.] Ministry and Churches of New Han^skire. 303

2= as

mi
iiu

ii i ii i it a i iiiii iiii

i I

i i

SI

ii

B \i 4 ' s" * ? i'- ^■

5 sl iills" ii ii it ^i ili Jiplfisi tjii
ilif f I liMMf ffiii ?fiElliii11J"iiiffi»tiil

-aa— s^fa-'sstys^sa^s-ss

J

394 Ministry and Ckurekes »f New Hampshire. [April,

til i

SE iiS S5 5
sn 'i'i an is"

as 55 =s

iiiiiiiM iiiiiiiiUiiiiUiUiiUiiiUi

"liMi

' s iiVit m^f i i I sif a

1 1 1 1 ilii" 1 1 1 1^ i isif I iiiSi

r 3

£|||£££££

0000090003^009000'

18/6.] mistfy and Ckunha of New Hampskire. 295

a a s - 3 a s a - a a aif a •a a gas

5 i" j" I II i § i i ii" s a i 11 i"

■ .1 s If ; I I Ii '

iiJIIIIIJI Ijlllllllililji,

-*^aa"-5"'-atf -a-'asrfa-'a" a'-rfs'^aa" EVa'-""-a"-"'-"2s!fs'sstf

tuiiiU.il iiittUil tiMik jjil'Hl4ll=lliJl

J __ . du W|6d|d ddoadda d.dtJ. D|ddd|)Eddt^

iliisltiljIiiJiiiilililiiiJlliilillil^iilliiJ

i

'i
I

siC5_£6Si£4at:_S»a3a-aCSSS5:H_izECi£<4Mi.<!iii2zi^

I

I ri .3.1 - ■^ft If

a ^1 .'5^ ■So- .-t d aa ws

I

496 Ministry and Churches of New Hampshire. [April,

is i^"i s s i Hi Hi ii^ii t

■^J4SB-^so£'^<j:ac.^E££^ts

gii'iiii'iiiilifiiiigi

22ll-SK"Sa"S

>^KoK^aa>3'iai-iS^

'ifsilg'iiisisg'lliill'i

EiiilHii liisiillMliili iii lifti lis

■aoaSS a£afe5Hl£5aJMEl'iil&i=.3SMa<<>Ha^e'

1876.] Ministry and Churches ef New Hampshire. 297

SE eSSS^SS 3S8 S S 5 3

'8 if s aa a » a a 68» s s ' a

it 1 1 il I II ^ III I £ II

ii i i a i i,t i m it . i i

If if I \

iiiiiJiiHiifLf

I; II

•3| IS

s^ssH'ssii iiiiiiit

s i s'll'i I i i s ilii'i g !^ l"i |g is i

d iii iii i III «
a liSllil Mil I

i ii Mi iiiii il iii

Hi

Ii I!

ill

I ill

lliiii iii I III

oaqa .da

e^-SSf. £.=■=■

^ OS%KiE<-

e yii J

3. 33? ii

aa"::"a"-"*"33s"=

i , i s.i i. .4 1

JK-Hj mU OrndHS if Srm I

CAp*

1

iH mms

cs ssss a »=

a mitn

7
i

i

1

1 u

i 'St it y

lytajwi'ite' '

;i iHfiHKS

L

m i Hi if U llli 3 s" i Is! illl

;?.--j. - -

iHiliillhlllllEllll i

iiUUiiiiitimiuuu iiii

^ Si:='5l||!l

?:'::2|lS

lyilteiiiiyiiiiiflti

slffiHiilirtliiliilllHiii

1876.] Mhnsiry and Churches of New Hampshire. 299

IS 3 s = s?::?: 3 ess? %T^ ? 3 S 4

II s s ""jin" a g-'"""' a» s " 2 if

I 411 Wl I IJII II II * i

I i" HI iiii i an a itii

i!

3 o I

j" » i

•"if i-'it-t-'aii

ih ntiuiui

iii jji'iiiili"

ilififii'lfilii

MM<Sfl

££9

II

l3.^.Il-M=S.

iifii:

jIlllfllMllli

idudaoDoddwd

:S-'-'"-'-"«"3!f2-'"^8SS"

iMil

. Ill .

-tils ►ill - "^ll

-■a ."I M E -a ^ ^ 5 s " ■• E ^--j- fl fl-fl- a J

illll

300 Ministry mid Chureius of Nem Haii^kirt. [April,

"I'lssaass ui^ is b s a ^i
lil^llls Ut I III Hi

siIIieIs Hi i i i itiii

2 C

I

.3 I

■- * I* h

3 r.iU is

... i i

;;sss33'-aa-" a"S3-'

iiii

Kso£

2*5 fii^ii'i .^ 11 ill ill fit I il II

66 oa<^<oh s ;: ■<< -^aS: -^si^ ^s^, ^ bid »i°

il iiliisiii I ^lililis iiiiiWiliMI]

6 I lOd |d>iod[j "I "iddddd |d ddddddSdddddddd j

J|0 UUWO-

KSBQaQStBSQl

=3S3^Sa2§'

: ai!>-5;-=;

i<li|ti|i{llIfl»|IJlliillli!fi|lll|llf

»aa»»;8a»aaaxasaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaiaaaxaa9iaas

[876.] Ministry and Churches ef Neia Han^sMre.

$S 88 8

\ I mA i^ i Jllllil 15 ll u I
i §"' iiiii tit i iiimt it it a i

SeSSS ESS S S3S3S s s?

is s.

I

I:

si/'.'!

Ill

iljij

.a S

iiUii ik Mi
iiiiii iiiiiiii:^

""flilMllllilijIi

□fcdddd ■> J icidd5 id d

dod

lis §

53 -

8 iil

i lit

i n

i i>;i;

AniA Uii

I Illii

I I

s "
iP. tf.

lirliii^lillftffiiiliiilliilllliiiilii'

tiUt

303 Ukustry and Churches of New Hampskin. [April,

H

S 53S 5SSZ Pn ;;3

S55SS S

S 3 8S

1

" «";i*"*=

i'i- «

gSSS- 3

is a 3-

J

1 liiiiii

ji Ii

isiji i

iiil

i £318 s'ss ii a

liisi i

i i ii

li

fi

1

d

ill

ii ji

H

s

ll

iiilliijiill

ililili

Ifiil

~r

"-■3"s's"

B

--ga-,-o-*-BjJ

-■=ssa=s "*

• -Sa-li

1

1

I!«|il2

iiUllJil

i iiiii

g

it

SiiiMs^i

3SJE"a"lS='3"3

mum

:

II ii

i 1

i Ag

ilihi

1

«•« cd-i

i

(SECj ^i""**

^ <kA a<

Ii" III"

^

1 iii"ii"i"3s'

Mi" iiiif

|0 .tid

idoauwci-iu

6uud», |D|W

ddoodbd

la l»w

tE»^

i>^d<c>^d>^=}

m<HniBdM

!•=■!(- a

"pr

■a'Ss-sc!!-'

-■=««"■--.=■■

scaaS-a

mm

i^iiiiiiilii

iMijfl^l

j^iiiii

umi

!^

iiiiiisg

iiiisSiill

i"lfiBl"ft"

i

n

il

mM

iiiJ

iiilJl

JUIIiilllll

laHnS5^4^l

iftlilll

i-3

-.■§'

i

i

m

11:

Iljll,

i" .

mill

fi^iiiiiiiii

liillllili

liiiiiii

1876.] Ministry and CAunia of New Hampskirw. 303

ssss a: a ss s !:s s^ 3 s^::se itsxs% a i;

ssaa 83 a "a s ■■3 aa s zs^^s sasif • b

Mil ill III iiiii ilil4^lil i i

iia .

3

lllllllll llJf il«lilll«IJlillllJI4sllll«IJ

jiiiijiii" iiiUMiiiiiiiittiiiiiiiifttittiiiif

nil !j Iiiii

Mi" fi

Jsi is'

Mi Mi I ipii t ^If iiiic

iMad &.

SdSl

M3

&adJ3» Id Itdaaifl'da

III"

da la

a -'d =s 2* -"'a a- --'s !f sf " s'e" =s 2= as :f a" ''a a ^

^ Ntm

[A^

* 232 = - ■"S'^-E-g- £2- asia -2^3

is l-.i

?i?IIiJi"jlii"i'j1fllifl^"H"i"iflfjli"iif

<.. i. i III I ?1 f . .

ill pi I rjlfl IIJIJ lllii
A<^ IJ^ ^ ;--'^ =---Ji.x <3<£-j

1876.] Ministry and Churches of New Hampshin,

I ^ J l^iJi i I ill

i i i mm mti

i i i ti at

i\ i*

.if

ii

u

iitMi&iiU^iiiiiUiiiiUiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiUi

flllilu . lis J If ii

i I T 1 0 1 liilrfliisi iiili il

ia<Q^>-">^a ao

ill I ilu\

1m a

iiftiiiii

as"'ifaiJ=aa s -s'*=''= assays";
s?5s-||-s.ig-s i. |i^^j« ill Is

i ''""

iitiUm

llJlllll

sg i- 5

i
6 14

A Ii

Ijjj|<3ial^ll2lll^lsila3aa3slas3ssaallllllllls£l

3o6 Mimsiry and Chunkes of Neo) Hati^Mft. [ApriW-.

Hi iiii a i iij Aji

S gKSSS
- "BSSJf

llllllildlsl

s'siiisilss'Ssa

""aa-" Ef=s'a5sa"2"'^"*2"5'*a;fa!ftf"

ifis iWift'rtliWsPs'iS

lllllj

i'lliiii¥iliH

D .duddsou |6ud

iuiuiiiiiii iiii

% s S Si . I

■iiliiiiili

g||°d5M

2-.-

ii=ifli"

ll'iiii'iififsSftHI"

Is a

S S5 1

-—"3;5a|fE-5^j= gill's all?

1876.] Ministry and Churches of New Hampshire. 307

SC3 3 S S 3 &a eKS;;S33S3 3SSS S C 8

'■""s s '■" a " as sai's""^"" s-''2= a a a

III II Hit iliUh^i UU i I I

■ iii §" i i i it iiiiitM iiii i i i

B:gaagBfcM3Qflo3oga6aMOoami<:5aaaaMaa.tt.3ictg o_« 5 s 5 f c m

iiitiiiiiiiii iiiiUiiiitiitiiiuUiU iitUii
iliWsilMliiiiilMii I \i\ii iiiijiii=|i Ilii"

ddado-idddddo lO |D [tiduad , I I Edsd .ddd.dDd^Sd 5°°5

MaiaaraBitJQtgi^Bia l» |^ Umdwa I I iM^Qg I c.co_| daa a^_^.d 1^

S**:f;S55'*2S-23"5Va'5"*5"a' R5^" Sa""' a-'H^'ESESE ?fSS2-a

lljl ll

3o8 Ministry and Chureh4i ef New Han^Jan. [April,

SSC 3 SSC! S gSE^SSX XS£^£3 2 3 3

lis I lis I g'lilg'li" I'igi'lj I I jg

,3 <J -

I I »l

1lfl«f|!i|i»p«|ilMHlK«i

^BazggosG^laaiolaagl&l^,

2afiS"—s-2'2S ""■»';

iiiljiiigiMlsi'ls'i'g'lli'g g¥l'ii"i§i"l"j"li¥l"

ill t

CJ30 Oi

mrnik

■3«aga>-3»;ao ia

1 5 1 i'i III 11 III

o m S3.5 f -r ■■.£ v.5.2 >i& r;<i Jin

>'i<ama3-^-;%a>^a<

SI'oal'o

SS*-RS

IsiMilill

^^ifi y

liLA.

1876.3 Ministry and Churches of New Hampshire. 309

3 a SSSSS 6 C g|S CD t9SS3 Q« 3 83

t "niilt t i a it llll l:^ I j i%

i i !l i' 111 l'^. J^

jil ililli liiJi'iliiillsiliiliiililfcliil^ljai

I si Jl si ! ..if

I I §" 5?i lit i fills fis'? ift'ii 15 i« .

s'l 'w\i\ iiliisii'il lillHiiiisiiiiipiE" if

dd t^dgo'di i •udvddgf^d |ddddddddc>-jd • iddsddd d*
"I Itll I llliollllilllllllSlllilllfa lllllil

3. S

M '

3IO Mimsiry and Churches of New HatHpshirt. [Apru7,

1

S8 <

sit i

•■» a C3 &SS3SS s^s ss

ii i u i ii iiiiii iii a m

Hi i

I.

'•■ a ^2 SfS iTlf if afsf • • ^m'^fi^

5 5 c»ia:'iD^otT4afc.Q4T4ao=4-i!=4<"^^'

!■ itiii
£f if 1 1 1 Tiiigi'sif III iiitiiis i

tJdqu icJd (05tJ(jd3a6aDoadtia'dd6= ■

III

I

■ '-i

S" 155

3i§

nii

dddd

s 3i

W-fii

Mii

til I

iiiii

EMob3

IjII liiJf '

m

„.- .... . . „ wi^

1876.] Ministry and Churches of New Hampshire. 311
9SC 8S33 83 ? ^%% SSS 3 3 3 fiSSSSS SS S 3

ilHiii Jit sit lis I J lil^lipll*
ife li'i'j. a i iii Hi a A iiiiinii 1" I

i

"i. %

ili'l liMilpiiilil

li'il III ii ii illlSlifi

isdi 3Q 1 dd dd ddddddiddd
U'dl 00 1 Sii

iiaa-

sill ill iilllllililisilli

a-"-'=3" "5^*^5338 2SSS3*" HS'Sas'-" a="3"2"S"iS'if

<4i iJ

^g^a^.s?

iitiiiii. iiUiiiUiiiUiiUU ■iiUiUiiiUiiH

it

fill

»conD SEBTBS.— VOL. viiL NO. ;, 11

312 Ministry and Churches of New Hampshire. [April,

i

B

M

^ p::S3 ^t tt^Tt

ISSF'^

(Ok.

S9 z

<»«

a

t:t^4D goo ^c«»-

O O

mOSz;

Soo

l-ODOO 00 t*

. • •-£?

00 CO 00 ^ CD
p^ »H »- ♦ »M

ooo

00

ccco

•so

w S CD 3B

f^ ^# — -*

'9

I

I

■

In
O

m
u

A*

<« «

d ce-
ss

S J

-« o = ^ *

CS «!

e « o il •C £ o 1?

* ** cs

o

H

kM

o

O

<

H

SSSSI

8S sia s^'^ss-'S* S ssoS •s;:sgjj;R

sfs?

ooooi>-o«lc*i>-»-«»-^«
- r?««« 05252 -»ooc^3«

00 00 t* !'• CO CO

OOODODODt^OO^ODOOr'I'^aDCO

S U O S> O 3 O O ^ 0) «

§

5>.X

o e

O ^^ fO mm 1^ fO t^

9«0«i-^e:S9
00 1<- 00 r* oe 00 00

o c

0^2 5 8 ^-cf^-

— jj^ >» t*«oeO|

o
H

OQ

^

§

CD CO t^ 00 CO OD

t-I^CO

^ •-< •-<

• • •

• • •

zcca

^1 11

'•O

a

«1

00^

J I

§ 13 f

(uO tn

~ 1 ^< t' •- 00

gp I « o r» —

S I t-»-COcD

3 I i-H r^ »- iM

t^oo

000

Q = Q

•^S ►is

cbOhSpoo

• "•••■» ^^ '

^i—coa>»^»-e»Q
oocot^t>i->eoaoac>

CO t-«

3 e o aT

e^ i>4 iM $ o

fe »- o o> —

00 to 1^^-00

oocog cow osg^-^g s^'SS"" 5;:?2sass

« «n o ^ O 1-
»- 00 t- I- to t-

** i» >s •

t- 00 1- 1- »o

feci*-'*;

Sec 00 9 o
t-coto»»oo

"^^^•sg

* 5 w

5 -

.ft

DC

d2

c
o

«

c:

9 'iJS **•*

im •«• ••- •

3 ^ «

^ I

•S 0.3 V
«* ? ^-c^ o c 2

3

9

^

»«

i

C

".pao h5

g|2 a •> • ^ • •— •

•5 « • • « • ^i» I

•— • B a X K s •^

a T^b

*Bcccs:<?o

^bt^^pc^^ ^Ifj:^^^^^^^^^^^^

o

c E

•CO

•o

« .5 B •• S 1
o o o o o £(•

O O O O O 5 O

.] Ministry and Churches of New Hampshire. 313

• leap

• • •«

• »•«>

•a

as

•* -

M

\^o

<4

g-Cif

'ceeo

SSo

1 *-« 9^

r4»^

•

I.

=3 8

S6

41

B

a

s

IJ

> « •>

* M

•8

S^

1^

II

•«^"

9^ •

§3

Mr4

ss

s«

•MIM

if

0

>a •

Pay

1810

§§'

^-j

800;
806;

§

«4r4

fH

00

1®

d^

la

■ m m

m

cs

sa

e 9

(SJ

1-31^

i«

if

iHlH

r-if-l

»

•

- j

55

^ a

i-s

s

•eg

3^

^Q

Q

ii

il

•cc si

'A
O

H

l-H
>

P3
<

I

55

1

I

D

I

t4

2=8 oa «

I I

e J!

§ 2

Ko£

BCjl

9

n

i

I

El
1 &

&

O

o
o

-•*' tf ©w ►^ J^

B •£

Ch25

>-2

51*6

rt O *!

38

B «> O

A B —

OB^'S2§2fe'a«2o5

'-I

04 S

^.3
s

a>

• •••••

^ « fig a '

6&;

^•b>8

'a 5

8 S

314 Notes, [April,

NOTES.

ALLEN, EBENEZER. Farmer pats hif birth in 1746, but he had a brother born that year.

llanrard College Kecorda give the date of the text.
BEkDB, TUOMA8. SpraKue'a AnnaU fny he wan bom in Sandwich, but ate probably

incorrect. An early rc«ldence often gains currency aa a birth-pince.
BENNETT, SALMON. Thi« gentleman, now reslulng in Bberman, Chat tooqua County,

New York, was ordained earlier than any other oii the liat, **9ii< tmptrf-mmt adkuc.'*
BROCK, John. Thu researchtf of Mr. Bibley {Harv^trd Grauuate*) indicate that Mr.

Uruck waa later and lunger at Gofiport th'«n wttf atated in L*art I.
BROWN, CLARK, waa baptized >»hh a brothir John, 1774, Oct. 2. A aiater, probably
infant, wua baptised in Stptember prcyiouf. John's name atanda ftrat, probably aa th«
older, fiom which we infer that Clark wa« born about 1772.
BROWN, JONATHAN. Farmer says he mob bom In Mudbnry, and we think ho moat bo
right, although Paiker*8 Derty/, JJaHmuth Aiumni, and all other amhoriiica aay
PTtffield. Chichester, from which Plitsfield waa taken in 1782. wnf not aettled nnUl llM,
If he waa 8U year* old at death, he muai have been born in 17&7,or the very tiratof Januaty,
1768; and hia i>irth could not have been in the ftirests of the unsettled wildeme»a. It In,
Chapman is right in giving hia age as 78, and lii^ birth in 1759, the probability la aoma-
whut modified; but hht monument gives the age 80. Uia father waa one of tho first aeir
tlera of L'ittifleld.
BURaEBS, DYEK. In Part I this nnme Is given Burr*i and we leave it atanding ont of Its
true nlphitbctical plaee /or iliia reason and thav ino broth<rii Caleb and Dyt-r bo Bot
aeparated. Both are included in the liurgtnn Otf eulogy. Their father resunred. In 1783,
fh>m Connecticut to Vermont, and at that time the ^'ra** fell into diauao. About tho
time of his removal from New Hampshire to Ohio, 1817, l)yer and other membara of th*
family resumed the**88;** but t'aleb, having become known aa an author (bo wrotothe
well-known trenilse on the Atonement), did not choose to make th« chmngo. Dyar
apent his life in Ohio, in a very honored and useftil ministry.
OOLBV, JOH.S. JJartnunUh rttumni and A'ew JlatHpshirt Churcke$ give tlkia htrUi-daftt

diiferentiy. Our authority is Mr. Colby.

OOLTON, CilESTER. Thia blrth-date is taken from Cothren's Ancient Woodbw^, for

which it was fliroishrd by Rev. Willis 8. Colton, from his fiaiher^s family record. The

daughter with whom he died in Ohio gives us the death date. It la upvinhia moitcment.

CUl^ER, ADONIJaU H. 'J he OM(r Family gives his birth in 1808. HU widow aaya,

18U0, and this se«rms the more probuble in comparison with the birth dates cf hia brothers.

EHEK80N, JOUX, was nrutably not ordained in 169-i, hX Mancheater, Muaa., aa soma

authorities have it; no church was organized there until 1716.
EMERY'. BTKl'HEN. Coflin's Aetrbury claim- this man an a native; but Stephen Emery
of Newbury, was born 1716; while ite Harvard Kraiduate and Nottlnvham miniater dl«?a
in Chatliam, ^asK., as the text states, according to his monument, and he ecrtaioly
entcrcii college from Exeter.
FISH, liALLoWAY. lie wrote his own name wilh ''a,** not**o," in the fir»t ayllaUe.
OaNNE'I'T. AI.I.KN wiitffl, that he was bom in Ju'^e, not a<« Dartmouth Alumni haait.
HITCHCOCK, WM. 1). The Family Recoid givts this birth-date. The monument diifbrs.
HULL, JO»KPH. Kev. Dr. Quint savs this man wns at Duiham, and removed to Qoaport

in 1662. He doubtless »>Ui-ceeded Emerson there, instead of prect^ing him.
HYDE. 8\MUEL. That the Uamuei Hyde born in Newton, as suted, la the aaraaman aa
the Madbury minister is not c> rtoin, ttut seems probable. The evidence polnta to New*
ton as his birth-place; and of several tiamuel Hydcs, bom in Newton, oa recorded, thia
one best meets the conditions.
LEVKHICH, WILLIAM Mr. Riker, the historian of Nt'wtown, Long Island, and a

descendant, s.iys that this is the way he wrote his own name.
PEABODY. BrhPIIUN. Harvard College Records Hx the date of birth In 1742; but hia
monument, and Dr. Felt, his ton-in-law. say 1741, as does the Peabody Qcnaalogy in the
A'^. A*. HUtoric and OeniaUtgicul lieyUUr.
PIDGIN, WILLIAM. The printed Oruination Sermon baa the date given; other sathori-

tlea say Jan. 27.
PRENTICE, N.VTHANIKI^ This date is reported both aa birth and baptlsmaL Wa

Kuspect the latter in the truth.
0ECCOMBE, JOSEl^H. '1 hit* birth-place and date are from Bo»ton Recorda, and are con-
firmed by Harvard College Hccurds. Brooks, followed by Savage, gives Ucd lord aa birth-
place; but soeprci 'Usly . without date, and is duubtlcfcs mistaken. If there waa a Joseph
in the Medford family, this could noi have been the same man.
SMITH, ELI and JOHN. The old Helchoitown Record of Births gives the datea of birth
of thoMe brothers differently : Ell, 176», Aug. *J6, and John, 1766, Feb. 22. We do not
venture to change the diites evety where else given, but submit the queation.
BTONK, S. M. Dartmouth Alumni is in error in giving Fitawilllam as his birth.plaee.
WATERS, CORNELIUS. His birth and death dates are reported with various eirors. Our

auibority \* Mr. E. F. Waters, of the lionton Adverti»tr,m» grandson.
WHE ATON, GEORGE. Harvard College Records say he was born in 1740, but mnat bo In
error, as his parents were not married until 1760. Farmer said of him, that ** ha was
probably the younKcat clergyman who ever died in New Hampshire." la uot the ataia-
ment still true, and for the whole country ?
WHEELWRIGHT, JOHN. Hon. Charles H. Bell, President of tlie N. H. Hlatoitoal
Society, who has made u i>pecial ►tudy of the whole subject, says that alter his rstaro
from Bn((lan<1 he certainly wrote hlo own name oa we give it.
WILLIAMS, SIMON F. Lancaster's GUmantvn says thai he di^-d in ]fl02.

1876.] CoHgregaiional Theological Seminaries in 1875-6. 315

CONGREGATIONAL THEOLOGICAL SEMINARIES IN
1875-76.

The following lists are compiled from the printed catalogues, with
additions by letters and information in raaimscripl.

The seminaries are arranged ia the alphabeiical order of tlie (owns and
cities in which [hey are located.

The date foUowiDg the office of a professor is that of the year when he
entered upon that professorship. If he was earlier a professor in some
other department, we have mentioned the fact in parentliesis.

The students are, for the first time, arranged in one Catalogue, aiphabel-
ically, to facilitate reference. In this Catalogue a dash under "ColleRe"
signiSes (hat the person has not been a ineml>cr of any college ; the name
of a college, with a dash where the year would come, signities that the
person was once a student in that college, but did not become a graduate ;
a blank in either case signiHes our ignorance.

The following list of abbreviations of names of colleges has been pre-
pared after careful survey of the whole field. To secure uniformity, wc
are obliged to make several changes from the abbreviations used in some
catnlogues. Our rule is, in case of conflict, to use the simple initials for
the older colleges and more extended abbreviations for the later ones.

BlO.

Bald-U.
B>LO.

Ood.a.

OdLU.

Oora-O.

Bits OalJe^e, If alna.
Baldwin Uolnnttr, Ohio.
B<^lalt Ct>ri>ge, WlKotuln.
BlMkbam Unliertlijr, Illliioli.
Basdoln Co\\(%t, Ualnn.
Brown Unlrsnitf , Kboda laland.

Inaeli tJnlTiTiUy, BdIkIuid.

ludrlngloD 0»tlc(ii, Wul ladlei.

S.J.O. New Jwtey Ooll«Bit.

N.W.O. Nonh We.lorn Ciillugn

O.O. Obcrlin CoUfKe.OIiln.

oia (
o.w.c.

one. (

. DvtrnDUtbCullacs.If.Hmmiiifiln.

. rnnkIInuidUiirt)iBllCoil^«,Pii.

. Hamilton Collffc, New York.

, Hirranl OollFge, IhHuhuaetu.

. milHlalaCalleve, UlchlRin.

, Howard Unl«arilty,DJi.CalDnibU.

. lonii Oollria.

■ KlBfl Call«i«, London.

. KnoiGoltags. lllinoli.

. Lawrenoe UalnnlE;, WiKoniln. '

, ldaliC-Dtleie.Fn.nea.

. UiilelT a College, Ohio.

. Uarr.ll1e CollegD. Tenne.aee.

. HcOm CollFfa, Ul,auurl.

, UMdlobury Collvge, Vermnnl

. UlllonColti-ge, WiKonain.

. Uaamontb Oolleta, IlLlngli.

, ULUnloaCoUfgit. Ohio.

. UnlTenily of tcnUnd.

, Univeraltf orindlnna.

. UnlTtraHyofMioMg^n.

. UnlTerillyofPcnniirlianla.

, UnimmilrofVermonl.

. UnlnDa CoLlr(e, PeiiniylTaiiia

. Wabaih Cullcgo, Indl.ma,

1-68101.0.

Wcl

Imlc

ll.telColl.S''.l' :■-

W.I{.C.

£(*M,T.C..JI. ^^^,

WI..O.

whf

.Coij«g<,oi>i... ^^^H

wiu.a

w.a

I OoUmibd^^^^^^^^^H

T>U

OaUw^a|^^^^^^^^^^H

3i6 Congr^ational Theological Seminaries in 1875-6. [April,

I. ANDOVEB THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY,

Andoysb, Mass.
Opened for instnictloii, Sept. 28, 1808.

FACfULTY.

Rev. BDWASDft A. Pake, d. d.. Abbot Professor of OhrlsUsn Theology. — 1847. (Was Pro*

ftfssor of Sacred Rhetoric, 183ft-'47.)
BcT. JOHM L. Taylor, d.d., Smith Professor of Theology and Homlletles (In the Spedal

Ooorse) and Leotorer on Pastoral Theology. — 1888.
Rer. Austin Pbelps, d. d., Bartlett Profpssior of Sacred Rhetoric— 1848.
Rer. Egbert O. Smtto, d. d., Brown Professor of Bocleslastieal History. — 1868.
Rer. J. Hksibt Thayer, d. d., Asioofate Professor of Sacred Llteramre. — 1864.
Rer. OoABLES M. Msad, Hitehoock Professor of the Hebrew Langoage and Llieratiure. —

1888.
RcT. J. Wesley CJborobill, Jones Professor of Blocotlon. — 1888.

^ Leetorer on Foreign Missions.

Rot. Trumae K. Post, d. d., Lecturer on Congregatlonallsin.
Rer. Alexandre H. Clapp, d. d., Lecturer on Home Missions.
Rot. WiLUAM L. Kopbs* a. m., Librarian.

II. THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY,
Bamgob, Maine.
Opened for instruction, November, 1817.

FACULTY.

Rer. BvocH Pond, d.d.. President, Professor Emeritus of Eoeleslastlcal History.— 18ft6-

1870, Emeritus, 1870. (Was Professor of Theology, 1832-'55.)
Rev. Daniel Smith Talcott, d. d., Hayca Professor of Sacred Literature. — 1839.
Rey. William M. Barbour, d. d.. Buck Professor of Christian Theology. — 1876. (Wss

Professor of Sacred Rhetoric and Pastoral Dudes, 1869-76.)
Rev. Levi L. Paine, Waldo Professor of Ecclesiastical History.— 1870.
Rer. John S. Sewall, Fogg ProfesDor of Sacred Rhetoric, and Oratory, 1876.

III. THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY,

Chicago, III.
Opened for instruction, October, 1858.

FACULTY.

Rev. Samuel 0. Bartlett, d. d.. New England Professor of Biblical Literature. — 1868.

Rev. Fr \nklin W. Fisk, d. d., WlsoonMin Professor of Sacred Rhetoric. — 1868.

Rev. Jameh T. Hyde, d. d., Iowa Professor of Pastoral Theology and Special Studies.—

1870.
Rev. Of.orqe N. Boakdman, d. d., Illinois Professor of Systemstlc Theology. — 1871.
Hey. TiiBODORE W. Hopkins, a. m., Sweetser and Michigan Professor of £ocIe«iastleal

HUtory.— 1874.

Rey. Edward M. Booth, a. m.. Instructor in Elocution.
Roy. William M. Patton, d. d.. Lecturer.

U»y. Okorqe S. F. Savage, d. d., 112 W. Washington Street, Financial Secretary and
Treasurer.

18/6.] Congregational Theological Seminaries in 1875-6. 317

IV. THBOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF CONNECTICUT,

Hartford, Ct.

Opened for instractlon in 1834.

FACULTr.

Rot. William Tnoxpsox, d. d., Nettloton ProfesAor of the Hebrew Language and Lit-

eratnre. — 1834.
Rer. William S. Kabr, Biley Profeasor, elect, of Chrlatlan Theology. — 1875.

Rev. —^ , Proftaaor of Homlletica.

Ber. Thomas S. OoiLDs, d. d., Waldo Profeaaor of Biblical and Sccleilaatloal Hfatoiy.—

1872.
Ber. MATTBSir B. Riddlb, d. d., Hoamer Profeaaor of New Teatament Exegeaia. — 1872.
Ber. Jomr B. ELuuuck, d. d.. Acting Profeaaor of Ohriatlan Theology.

B. O. HiBBABD, Teacher of Elooatlon.

Leetorera on the Garew Fonndatlon, 1875 :
Bev. JosEYR T. DoRTBA, D. D., Rev. William IC. Taylor, d. d., Bev. Joan Hall, o. d.,
Bev. B. P. HuMPHRBT, D. D., Bov. William 1£. Paztom, d. d.

V. THEOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT OF YALE COLLEGE.

New Haven, Conn.

Opened for instmctloD in 1822.

FAGULTr.

Bev. Noah Pobtrr, d. d., ll. d., Prcfiident (1871), and Ofark Profeaaor of Moral Phlloa-
ophy and ICeUphyalca. — 1846. (Waa Temporary Prof, of Theology, 1858-*66.)

Bev. LKOJf ARD Bacow, d. d., ll. d.. Lecturer on Church Polity and American Oharch Hia-
tory. — 1871. (WaaTemporary Prof, of Theology, 1866-71.)

Bev. Ororgb E. D vy, d. d , Qolmea Profeaaor of the Hebrew Language and Llteratare,
and Biblical Theology. — 1866.

Rev. Samuel Harris, d. d., ll.d., Dwlght Profeaaor of Systematic Theology. — 1871.

Rev. Jambs 1£. Hoppin, d. d., Profeaaor of HomUeiics and Pa>«torai Dutlea. — 1861.

Rev. Oborgb P. Fisher, d. d., Profeaaor of EccleaUatlcal History.— 1861.

Bev. TlMOTQT DwiQHT, D. D., Buckingham Profeavor of Sacred Literature. — 1858.

Bev. William IC. Tatlor, d. d.. Lecturer on Preaching.

Bev. Mark Hoppin, d. d., ll.d., Lecturer on the Scriptural Idea of God.

Bev. John Hall, d.d., f^ecturer on the l&elation of the Pastor to Sabbath School Inatmctlon.

Prof. Leonard J. Sanford, m. d., Lecturer on the Prcaervatlon of Health.

VL PACIFIC THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY,

Oakland, California.

Opened for instractlon, Jane, 1869.

FACULTY.

■

Bev. Joseph A. Benton, d. d., Profeaaor of Sacred Literature. — 1869. Alao, of Homlletica,

pro tern.
Bev. OcoRQB MOOAR, D. D., Proftssaor of Theology. — 1870. Also, of Eccieaiuatlcal Hla

tory, pro tern.

Rev. Andrew L. Stone, d.d.. Lecturer on the Work of the Preacher.

Bev. Thomas K. Noble, Lecturer on the Work of tho Pastor.

Bev. Edwaro P. Baker, Lecturer on tho Land« of the Bible.

Bov. John K. ICoLean, Lecturer on the Polity and History of the Churchea.

Bev. J amrs H. Warren, d. d.. Lecturer on the Home Mlsaionary Work.

3i8 Congregational Theological Seminaries in 1875-6. [April,

VII. THEOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT OF OBERLIN COLLEGE.

Obeblin, Obio.
Opened for instractlon in 1835.

FACULTY.
Rev. James H. Fairchild, d. d., Preaident (1806), Avery ProfeMor of Moral PhUoAophy

(1858), and ProfcMor of Syptematlcnl Theology.— 1858. (Was Tator In the Oollegw

1839-*42 ; ProfesMr La the College, 1842-*68.)
Ber. JouN Moboan, d. d., Profeiaor of New Testament Literature and Bihlieal Theology.—

1835.
Rot. Elijah P. Barrows, d. d., Professor of Hebrew and Old Te«tament LIteratare. •— U7S.
Rev. Hiram Mrao, d. d., Professor of Sacred Rhetoric.— 1899. Also, of Pastoral Theology.

1875.
Rev. JcDBOii Smith, Professor of Church History and Lectarer on Oeneral ffiatory. — 1870.

Rer. Hemrt Oowles, d. d.. Lecturer on Prophecy.

RcT. A. HASTiKOfi Rosa, Lecturer on Congregationalism.

Rey. Mark Hopkins, d. d., ll. d., Lecturer oa the Scriptural Idea of Man.

'Rev. W. W. Patton, d. b., Lecturer on Modern Scepticism.

Rer. William M. Tatlor, d. d.. Lecturer on Preaching.

James R. Seyerakce, Instructor in Elocution.

STUDENTS.

Names.

Nahnbcd Abdallan,

George Blaku Adams,

OeorKO Burton Adams,

Henry C. Adams,

B. \VincheBter Adrlanco,

Fung Affoo,

Fred. Lvman Allen,

Ira Buell Allen,

W. P. A 1 ward,

David R. Anderson,

Andrew Webster Arclilbnid,

Bdward Payson Armstrong,

Doane Rice Atklna,

Walter U. Ay res,

Bdward E. Bacon,
Thomas Rutherford Bacon,
Orrin G. Baker.
Frederick Eii^ha Bangs,
Hamilton M. Bartlelt,
Ward Batchelor,
David Nelson Beach,
Elmer J. Beach,
Clnrenre Anyusiine Beckwith,
William Alanson Bcechir,
Charles Willinm Benton,
Lnren Foster Berry,
John William Best,
Warren K. Biclcford,
John B. Bidwcll,
Charlfs R. Bisbeo,
Albert Wade BUhnp,
Jonathan Edwards Bissell,
\nhurW. Blnlr,
Henry A. BUke,

Residerce.

Gurun, Eft^tem^Turkey,
Mcdwny, MasA.
Pecatonlca, 111.
Waterloo, lo.
Poughkeepaie, N. Y.
Snn Francisco, Col.
While River Junction, Vu
Geneva, Wis.
Queen's County, N. B.
Ouk Creek, Wis.
New Kingston, N. Y.
Mansfield Centre, Conn.
Truro, Mass.
Lebanon, N. H.

Andover, Mass.
New Haven, Conn.
Perry, N. H.
Summer Ulll, N. Y.
Sabula, lo.
Bristol, III.
South Orange, N. J.
Harwinton, Cunn.
Victor, Mich.
Verona, N. Y.
Mount Lebanon, Syria,
Hiddeford, Me.
Wheeler, Pa.
Newburjfh, Me.
Turner, HI.
Boston, Mass.
Nova, O.
York, Neb.
Newbury, Vt.
Providence, R. I.

6

A.C.
B.LC.
lo. C.
D. C.

D.a

Bel. O.

U. C.
A.C.
A.C.

Ham. C.
Y. C.
D C.
Law. U.
lo. C.
Com. U.
Y.C.

OLC.
Ham. C.
Y.C.
B.C.
Wentm.
B C.

U. M.
D.C.
B.U.

c
%« o
o:s

a B

O

c.

1875
1873
1874
1873

1874
1874

1872
1875
1873

1873
1872
1874

1874

1872

1874
1874
1874
1873

1872

1871

8

00

H.

H.

N.H.

A.

A.

Oak.

A.

N.H.

B.

C.

N.H.

N.H.

N.H.

C.

A.

N.H.

A.

N.H.

A.

rs.

N.H.

A.

N.H.

N.H.

N.H.

N.H.

N.H.

B.

C.

A.

Ob.

N.H.

a

1872 U.
1878 A.

Mid.

Jun.

Mid.

Jan.

Mid.

8.C.

Mid.

Jan.

Jun.

S.0.8.

Sen.

Jan.

Sen.

R.L.

Mid.

MIU.

Mid.

Sen.

Mid.

8.C.S.

sten.

i«.C.

Mid.

Jan.

Mid.

Mid.

Jun.

Ben.

R. L.

.'-. C.

Jan.

Mid.

Sen.

Sen.

18/6.] Congregational Theological Seminarus in 1875-6. 319

Nambs.

Oharlcf A. Blunchiird,
Kdwln Mansell BUm,
8p«oe«r K. Bonneli,
0«orte O. Booth,
Piurk A. C Bnidford,
Lcrerett Brndley, Jr.
duurloa K. Bnlnerd,
Oeorgt Woloott Brooks,
InrMlBrown,
Jotia* N. BrowB,
OharlM O. Bmc«,
Hamuel Jothiift Brjant,
RoHa 0«orfD Bagoee,
Norman H. Bornbam,
Riehard M. Burr,
Nathan L. Burton,
Bamnel Clarke Buahndl,

William Carr,
Homer W. Oartar,
Otia Gary, Jr.
Oeorfe Herbert Cate,
'William Benton Chamberlain,
Batnuel W. Cbapin,
Austin 8. Chaae,
Xsra Bailey GhajM,
Prank K. Chase,
RnMfll L. Cheney,
Truman D. Chllds,
JEara PiortMr Chlitenden,
Thomas D. Oiristle,
Frank E.Cla>k,
ICoultoB N. Clark,
Orville Cnrlton Clark,
Joeeph Brayton Clarke,
Frank Woodbary Cobb,
John Chamberlain Collins,
William Bawthorne Cope,
laaae Llnnsnn Corey,
Matthew A. Crawford,
Charles Cole Crecgan ,
Sdmaiid Cresuman,
Rowland 8- Cross,
Bdwin T. Cruse,
John Moi^an Cummings,

Thomas Whitney Darling,
William V. W. Dayis,
Churlea O. Day,
Fred de Bos,

Thomas Weston De Long,
William Dcnley,
Herbert McKeiisie Denslow,
Wnils C. Dewey,
Oeorfe L. Dickenson,
John 0. Dnncan,
Qeorge H. Dnnhip,
8amuel P>«lmer Dnnlap,
Wllllnm Bdgnr Dnnh.p,
John Haaon Duttoo,
Nathan T.Dyer,

Jonathan Edwards,
Uenry H. Bwatt,

Wiilter Farr,
William J. Feemster,
John W. Femer,
James C. Ferrell,

Rfbideiiob.

Wheaton, III.
Constantinople, Turkey,
Worcester, Mans.
8pringfl«ld. Mass.
Pontiac. Mich.
Mothnen, Mass.
MIddlebnry, Vt.
MIddlebury, Vt.
Wedron, 111.
Oberltn, O.
Peterbnro*, N. H.
Vermillion, O.
Rridfrewater, Vt.
Hartford, Conn.
Middletown, Conn.
Plymouth, 111
New Haren, Oonn.

Weat Olorer. Vt.
rallmadge, O.
Fozboruu«h, Maas.
Wolff borough, N. H.
Oberiin, O.
Proyidenee, R. I.
AndoTer, Mass.
Exeter, N. H.
Kzeter, N. H.
Emerald Oroya, Wla. ;
Chagrin Falls, O.
Ripon, Wis.
Beloit. Wis.
Weatborouffh, Mass.
Seward, Neb.
oborlin, O.
Oilmanton, N. H.
Lowi'ton, Me.
New Haven. Conn.
Philadelphia, Pa.
Thorntown, ().
I^wn Kldge,Ill.
Wakeman, O.
Bethlehem, Pa.
Klpon, Wis.
Calumet, Mich,
Tabor, lo.

Reene, N. H.

Boston. Mass.

CnUklll, N. T.

8:tlem, Mass.

Tabor, lo.

Salem, Masfl.

New Canaan, Conn.

Toulon, III.

Heath Mass.

St. Louis, Mo.

Concord, N. II.

Qalesburg, 111.

Urbana, O.

Bnst Craflshnry, Vt.

South Braintr* A, Mass.

Plymouth, Pa.
Arizona,

Carmel, Mc.
Columbus, Miss.
OhicHgo, III.
Astoria, Or.

6

D.C.
O. C.
A.O.
H.C.
O. C.

D.C.
Mar. C.

Bel. C.
O.C.
R.C.
Bel. O.
D.C.
Tab. C.

dTo.

Ba.C.
Y.C.
U. M.
Wab. C,
Uon. C.

R.C.

O.C.

M.O.
A. C.
Y.C.
Lon. C.
Tab. C.

yTc.

Bel. C.

8^.

D.C.

K.C.

Wostm. C

D.C.

D.C.

A.C.
N. W.C.

H

o

1870
1871
1872

1873
1873
1873
1872
1867

1873
1871
187

1871
1874

1876
1870
1872
1874

C.

N.H.

A.

N.H.

O.

H.

A.

A.

Ob.

A.

A.

N.H.

N.H.

8H.

A.
C.
N.H.

N.H.
A.
A.

N.H.
1876 0b.

- ,B.
1800 A.

1873 N. H.

- lA.

1872 C.

1870 A.

1874 N. H.

1871 A.
1873|A.

- C.

— ;ob.

1878 N. H.

N.H.
187ft N. H.

N.H.

Ob.

C.

Ob.

Ob.

A.

C.

Ob.

N.H.

A.

A.

B.

Ob.

B.

V.H.

C.

B.

C.

B.

N.H.

N.H.

N. U.

A.

B.
Oak.

B.

1875 A.

1873 C.

- Oak.

1875

1878

1872

1874
1873
1872

1873

1873
1873

1874

1873
1873

3

Jun.

Mid.

Mid.

Mid.

8. C. 1.

Sen.

Ben.

Mid.

Sen.

8-n.

Jun.

Sen.

8en.

Mid.

Mid.

Mid.

Mid.

Jun.

Ben.

Mid.

Jun.

Jun.

Mid.

Sen.

Hen.

Sen.

Sen.

R,L.

Mid.

Mid.

Sen.

Mid.

B.C. 8.

Jun.

Jun.

Jun.

Mid.

Jun.

Jun.

Sen.

8. C. 1.

d.C.

8. C. 1.

Sen.

Jun.
Mid.
Mid.
Ben.
Mid.
Jun.
Jun.
Mid.
Mid.
Jun.
Mid.
Mid.
Mid.
Sen.
Ben.

Sen.
S.C.

Mid.
Jun.
8 C. 3.
Mid.

320 Congregational Theological Seminaries in 1875-6. [April,

Names.

RBSiDKirci,

•

arof
nation.

•

a

*

5»

6

, Ye
' Orad

e

i

Hlnun J. Ferria,

Milton, Wla.

Mil. C.

a

Ban.

Clarenee Flnater,

Mannavllle, N Y.

Com. CJ.

1874

N. H.

Mfd.

Charlea E. FtU,

Manchester, N. H.

Ki.C.

_

B.

Sen.

Wolter B. Floyd,
Edward Powell Foater,

Carllfivill<*, III.

BI.U.

_

0.

8.aL

Conlion, Ky.

Mar. C.

1874

N.H.

Mid.

Frank H. Foster,
Jamea L. Fowle,

8pringAeld, Maaa,
Woburn, Maaa.

H.C.
A.O.

1873
1870

A.
A.

Mid.
Jan.

H. A. Fn>eman,

Pleaaant River, N. 8.

_

B.

Mid.

Taral Terjeaen FrlokaUd,

Chriatlanasand, Norwa ,

—

N.H.

Mid.

Smith Dunbar Fry,

Keokuk, lo.

Simp. C.

1872

N.H.

Mid.

JeeCHm,

San Franclaeo, Cal.

_

__

Oak.

s.a

Ueorge A. Oatea,

8t. Johnabnry, Vt.

D.C.

1873

A.

Jnn.

Barry William Gkorge,
Datla Gh>chcinaaer,

BostOrrlngton.Me.

Col U.

—

Ob.

JVtt.

Abbottatovn, Pa.

U.P.

—

N.H.

S«i.

David Wilder Uoodale,

Brookfl«'ld, Maaa.

A.0.

1876

A.

Jon.

lauac Qoodell,

Bradford, Maaa.

_

A.

0.a

D«nnia QoodaelU

N^eldon, O.

O.C.

187ft

Ob.

Joa.

Qeorge A. Oordon*

Bverett, Maaa.

— —

—

B.

Mid.

George Herbert Qrannla,

Oberlin, O.

O.C.

1872

N.H.

Sao.

Chariea Francla Grayea,

Burlington, Vt.
Oakland. CM.

U. Vt.

1874

N.H.

Job.

J. H. Q finer,

-»

Oak.

P. a

Arobruae Daniel Grlng,

Shewabury, Pa.

p. 8tM.C.

N.H.

Jon.

BylveaU'rS. (iiinnell,

Maryville, Pa.

My.C.

1874

Ob.

Jun.

8.a.

tieorgo W. G rover,

Concord, N. H.

D.C.

—

A.

George H. Gutteraon,

Andover, Maaa.

—

A.

Job.

Alexander D. Hall,

Berlin, O.

Ob.

iR.!..

George C. IJall,

Oakland, Cal.

—

Oak.

Mid.

Felix Sh:iw Homel,

Tamworth. Bng.

Q.C.

—

Ob.

Mid.

Oharlea W. Hanna,

Vevay, Ind.

—

—

H.

Jan.

Millard F Hardy,
John William Hargrave,

Marlboro*, N. H.

-^

H.

JUB.

Itlpon, Wla.

R.C.

1875

Ob.

Jan.

Jamca Lyman Harrington,

Washington, D. C.

W.C.

1872

N.H.

Sen.

Myron O. Harrington,
Deaeviirna Kiak Harris,

St. Johnabury, Vt.

A.C.

1860

A.

H.C.

Columbus, 0.

^

Ob.

S.CS.

♦George Harria.

Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
Augusta, Mich.
St. Juhnsbury, Vt.

I^. H.

ICL.

Henry Weaiey Harvey,

Ol.C.

1876

N.H.

Jon.

Lemuel Spencer Haatinga,

D.C.

1870

N.H.

Sen.

Aael Hatch,

Chatham, 0.
Chelsea. Vt.

O.C.

1875

Ob.

Jon.

Franklin Hnmnel Hatch,

A.C.

1873

H.

Sen.

Addlaon Wilbur Hayea,

Berea, 0.

Bald. U.

1875

Ob.

Jan.

Richard W. Haxeland.

Melksham, Wllta, Bng.

Br.U.

18M

B.

Sen.

Ivory H. Bartletl Headley,

Boston, Maaa.

A.C.

1875

N.H.

Jan.

William Hedgea,

Bridgehampton, N. Y.
Andovor, Maaa.

Y.C.

1874

N.H.

Jun.

John Herbert,

D.C.

1871

A.

8.C.

Charlea William Hill,

Blddeford, Me.

B.C.

1876

N.H.

Jon. '

Kben Loander Htll,

St Clair, Mich.

U.M.

1872

Ob.

Sen.

WllUam H. Hinckley,

Beardstown, 111.

—

C.

B.0.2.

John Howard Hincka,

Bridgeport, Conn.
Janef>ville, Wia.

Y.C.

1872

N.H.

Sen.

Rupert Preaton Hodge,
J. H. Hoffman,

O.C.

1874

Ob.

Jnn.

Lyndon Centre, Vt.
Chicago, III.

Ba.C.

1874

B.

Mid.

David Levcreit Holbrook,

A.C.

1872

C.

Mid.

Zeuhanlah Swift Holbrook,
Jonn Weiiley Homer,

Chicago, 111.

_

N.H.

Mid.

Laneaville, Ind.

U.L

—

N.H.

Sen.

William A ddiann Houghton,

Holliston, Maaa.

Y.C.

1873

N.H.

Jnn.

Henry Nel«on Hoyt,

Mulr, Mich.

Ol.C.

1872

N.H.

Mid.

Nathan Hubbell,

^fow Haven, Conn.

N.H.

R.L.

William Tucker Hutehlna,

New Haven, Conn.

—

N.H.

Sen.

Bdmond 0. Ingalla,

Blooming Grove, N. Y*

H.C.

1873

A.

f^en.

Joaeph Henry l!«ham.

New Hnven, Conn.

Y.C.

1862

N.H.

Sen.

Joacph Bralnerd Ivea,

Cornwall, Conn.

—

N.H.

Sen.

Owen Jenkina,

Oberlin, 0.

^_^

__

Ob.

Sen.

George Heury Johnaon,
David L. Jonea,

Cambridge, Masa.
Ullca. N. Y.

H.C.

1873

B.

Sen.

— —

- B. 1

Sen.

'^Deeeaaed

Congngational Theolcgkat Seminaties in 1875-6. 321

■B

^

AMU.

REnnxHoi.

1

I

1

1

Bm.

BBwdon. P. q.

~[B.

Hen

JenM,

['lymonUi, P-.

-iB.

4I>

Sho.iudaBhClIr.ra.

Jun

Ku»n.

Orlnm.ll,lD.

[0.0.

SH.C.

Jun

'. D. Kcl»7,

Oolumbn., 0.

OX Kcivdidl,

Kldif»tk-1.1.ConB.

y'o.°'

llMix Karmedr.

Oxfi.fd. 0.

v.c.

Jlmtall,

Hlloi, K

IO.U.

J HI

K.«.d.!l.

OhIppBin Palli, Wl«.

H.t.

luKohler.

?E«i,o.

Jun

lutoa Kumlsr,

ZZxi.

87a oil.

Juu

1 DnniUr Luphev,

OI.O.

Ob.

ten

T. LUM,

Wurc»h'T. UnH.

Y, C.

K«m..h., Wl..
Ailinl>.llt.

0.0.

S74

O.C.

Ob.

Ml.

Und-ley,

An.lovi'r. Mu).

I.:

A.UdI.

Ui.kl>Bd Cal.

:>iall.

ULoomla,

ri.*lol. Vt.

Ob.

[>>L»i Lots,

i":!b«i^:^'::^.'£'.t..

a«ii.o.

A.

N.H.

foCl^udl;!,,

WituC.

187*

N.B.

Ml.:

tDi KuLlum,

Bl<l1iraler.N.J.

[IbTlln, 0.

—

ah

B.

[un

ChuUr, Conn.

dvird Ui>rilii,

Norwldi, fonn,

Y.O.

B7J

s,a.

C

ifiOelluid,

UenTton, III.

XO.

S"""^"'

Penflrld, U.

Kuntiri, Conn.

KcltnnTc, Uui.

B.

8011

len

UoNnlr,'

:;l'rkVl'"-'' '

U[.Ub.O.

. Ue>d,

KlchmonflTlMc, N. T.

loE

doll.

Now Radford. UuH.

vTc.

N.H.

Jid

Hu.hon. «. T.

A.

4IU

an Ucrrlll,

CollBinw, 0.

i.'o.'

8.0

a.

UlchnelloD,

Adal.n..,r. Torkej,

B«1.C.

9T3;N. H.

Sod

UIIU.

riippcRll.-Uiu.. '

—

-A.

. Hllli.

W»lCh«iU>I, Id,

lu.O.

1ST4 0.

k>l«« Uill.,

Ciiiton, III.

r>.c.

aT6!ob.

inning Manrue,

r.,wnUnf.N.Y.

llt.Uij.C.

87filOb.

Inl

nuimu MonT^mcrr,

A.C.

WO|N. R.

nrihall Uoute,

A.C.

hii'n. a.

Uowen,
D«lerltoMBUi,

Willow' l.lund, WHt V*.

Mnr.O.

§TB N. U.

Jun

Ohlcopw. U»..

A.C.

670

N.a.

Ben

W.XUDII.

North Blllerloi. Uu*.

_

A

fO

MMrKsS;

KoUlown, p..

0". 0.

sin.

i\c

luBM NaittelaD,

O'.^liD. 0.

81b

Ob.

[WtMonNe'C^mb,

d. d

N.H.

MM0h..iler.K.H.

D.U.

F. Norrii,

BndD>, N. Y.

A.O.

878

Brewrtir Otoion,

BMghloi., 0.

_

0*._.

S*n.

Imry ilUpbanl,

iBhanUtvl.,

O.O. J

F. O-good.

Baii^of.'Me.

w.o. i

^^^^^^^1

Ininn Pii<ld»<;k,

Bnrohoo, Wli.

o.a i|

■- Vagt,

UKfffT. Mb.

— •■

iomljury Pslntcr,

Obprll^.O.

o.a 1

F-imcr.

A. a M

>t>nl.r.at Palmer,

Hl'™m"'tu."ii''Pt

— 1

IJBUgUI, U.l».

B.U. 1

>B FDrTi.->l lliltorwp.

L.n.m.'Oo'l.
aouibWIndKr.Ooim.

...w.uj

^^^g

^llPglcaa,

t-a .

1

V

323 Congr^athn^ Theological Seminatus in i875-€. April,

= 1

i?

Mamu.

ItESIDIDCI.

•

!

f^l

1

3

<£

3

Mom Polar..

•licKentlllr, Pi.

Dr..O.

IBTt

I*, a.

Uld.

Jarnu H. l-rUM,

Mm.chriicr.N. n.

II. C.

mi

iiid.

«s:.=ssw&,

Chlcun.^lJ.
Wi'iiltoieoiU.-, Wll.

A.O.

IM*

M^a.

Wh.O.

G.

b"!!!' S.

Pur.D Fin'h,

K.U.

0".

Jon.

Abn«lil>MoaI>1p«.

Touloa, III.

—

B.C. 3.

Orthelln VBrmHlMi HIM,

Tab. a

HI.

Ob.

wia.

JuTl4 Klchnrdi,
J. B. UlchBr.!., Jr.

Atid.nr, Um*.

D. 0.

A.

Jun.

B«o.,n "a-.

U.O.

8.

Daunn Cenlro, Hui.

JuMib p. Kl«<}li>ier,

llindotph, O.

AilnrtAufDMiulMlMrU,

M«M.l flln. Fliu

Cod'o.

Ob.

JflO.

S-^-Jx^Ka^

Otarllr.. O.

i8iJ

Ob.

Jun.

N.H.

H.ju

Cb«te. H. Hor-r.,

l^riDUnvk, Wo.

J-a.

'WrilBni ClsyUa Rot«i,

KTo."-

0 c

ts^

&.

Ben.
MU.

c, J ir. \u4o*.

V c'.

A.

K.L.

J.,hn K. IUWbU,

W.,L,...i;. N. H.

W. 0.

U14.

VhnrU'I l«*.oo fLjitt,

Uberll,,. O.

0.0.

u;i

6b.

Jb>.

A.

Jon.

XnnklV.aitbDrD,

U>rblvhe>id. U»i.

a', c.

Hwrvt fi«.turd.

LouL.nlEo. K«ii.

OL.O.

□.'

j";

J,hi>St U,

Ob.

9.0.1.

ll^boi U. ScmniD,

S.C.

H.,rrv Thorn.. B.'i.

saSS-

w. c.

1871

s'.a.

Uld.

^asi-e-i

c.

e.ai.

UDdr.rd, Ua».

H. 0.

Uld.

Wd"",=,'"""-

>ou.UsU>-..

A. a

1873

W.a.

Hid.

few Yotk. N. r.

Mid.

lunlay. Inlud,

Kid.

sSSs.

a. 0

t.

U»mbnW.'M»i.

D 0.

iJra

«.H.

Uld

Wliliim \fr^.-,i«kR\.«^m,it.

i<:4

Jon

BoM-nlnVrmakllnBmiUi,
Pradcnok 11. Hmllh,

Roflnlh. yiiK.

Iiirnh. U.

«!h.

Hid

bDroh^m. Vu

-

a

Mil

Oram* U. Smith,

W^^t.C.

»n l>ak.

-Wllll»>il(.Bnilih.

Jan

'WoQ'inird Ih'DirH Smock,

Fnirfleid. Id'.

O. C.

tij n! h.

Jus

Vow lliiTon, CuoD.

Y.a

IBia.N.H.

Jao

\V.» Unu.

- A.

Bflward Sirleby HtMir,

Ob«.IIn, 0.

anob.

Mid.

ir'i^^^n. •

Aml'-ni. Fnnea,

nt.c.

Mid.

ciirtMBrntLj-Wron,.

Aridonr. U.il

VI. c.

»;sIa'.

Sen.

OnlCFiIne, Uiu.

tlJiR.

S"D.

])■>« Adalbert etrmi.

Norlh AduBi, Ulch.

I III!.' 0.

- I(ib.

H. C.i.

Oodwfn D«lo. S»r»oj. '

ffiK-,,,1"'""-

M»,0.

Jon.

i^i/o.

BT:i N. R.

Alb-rtTBioplBS»Lrig,

Brthtl, O.

>.o.

Uldl

Bildteport, Oonii.

- a'.

Om.

J««.F.TQ!Btor.

tfl1«>ukB^ Wll.

RQ.

Jan.

Fn.iikIlud«,.T«lor.

J. C.

ih;n! h.

Jdd.

BdwHd Samiwoii I'ohI.

^otuTiI'Mau.

*.o.

RTS H. H.

Jun.

H«fb.rtM<.lT.lloToniioj,

M<.rrL«lll.,Vt.

sm:n.h.

Saa.

l«)niirdB,TKi.n.y,

B im, Vi.

3. C.

lua.

l*wU.I.ThonA.,

Wllkabarr«, Pa.

Jon.

JwiM Thompion,

S»iKn.icl.co,Oil.

- oik.

P. a

p'ri;:irrvh™...

dlMhrll, Oiil.

A. C.

Mid.

!-afjr3['p..'

'.C.

MgA!

H.L.

(hins™. N. T.

f.U.

8;s N H.

JUB.

Ch.rlM T R. Tr.cy,

Sin Frand'co. Cil.

U.lTUl=M.rfl=tT;i^y.

UartfarJ. CoDn.

lio. ■

8i»n.

blid.

Kljrl».0.

O.O.

Ob.

Mid.

i87&] Congr^ationai Thtotogical Seminarits in 1875-6. 323

Kuu.

SniDUCB.

1

r

1

^

s

£

ToDlran. M. T.

N.J.O.

B.

Hid.

FoMwRawnWiili,

A C

in«

N. R,

Hid.

WlUlua Dynnvnl Wlllluu,

ISStS"*?*

W»( Glo«r, VI.

Mcond, oTtbl
3. TbcDln

"H mpp*nd*d W " 8. C." IndtuU that th* atudaat ta In lh« fln

Ifaa S]Kclal CourH.

LIdediIuh. flno In tbs iboTO llm. nn (cparated frsin th* atodem

(InB In th* Bbota Uit of iladeata la a Preparatory Ooung vhloh ai

SUMMARY FOR THE YEAR 1875-&

'

1

3
4

i

STcnuiT",

P

Bx-CAmE..

1

3

—

M

11

1

SB

^TiV^'^

Andmr

Bangor

Sra:::::

OMklw»d

Olwrlln

Collryr.

ThondiT, Jan* n.
W=dn«i.y,Jun.T.

Thur.day.MByil.
Thundaj, Uny IS.
ThBr.fl,y H.y 18.
aainrdiy.JulyU.

324 Q>Hgregattottal TkeologtaU Seminaries in 1875-6^ [Affffl,

COLLEGE GRADUATION OF THE THEOLOGICAL STUDENTS.

OOU-EOEL

1

■1

1

1

i

li

1

J

1

Amhe

IS
IS

I

M

:

:

:

li

aKIirLn nnlnnl^ .

gSSsfi;,

f ■. ! : ! 1 ; ; ."

7iaiiklln ud ILutbil

l*wnn«Ull!ver.llr

UoDnoulb

UiiIvoTpilj of fWlfuri)
UDlvonlty of IcrUiBd
Uolnraiiyof Uishlra
TI.itv.nillyofVf.mun

\^iiV>-iuiVajWr>llr
W™u)ilo.Wr ....

Wli«wn

/^^(af CMbw StfHcaHM

1

TOT At BTUDEXn

as

n

u

M B

M 1 sua

ADMISSION.
Denominations. — Andover is " open for the admission of Protestants
of all denominations," ; expected to produce evidence of "regular mem-
bership in a church of Christ," but "exception is made in some cases."
Bangor is " open to Prolestanls of every denomination"; "expected to
produce testimonials of their regular standing in some Evangelical
church." Chicago is " open to students of all denominations," " of good
moral character." Hartford expects candidates for admission to "pro-

1876.] Congregational Theological Seminaries in 1875-76. 325

duce evidence that they are members of some Christian church." New
Haven requires " membership in some Evangelical church, or other satis-
factory evidence of Christian character " ; and receives " students of every
Christian denomination." Oakland, — " credible evidence of piety," and
" membership in some Evangelical church." Oberlin, — " expected to
bring a certificate of membership in some Evangelical church."

Previous Education. — The Seminaries require a previous collegiate
education, or evidence of sufficient attainments to enable the student suc-
cessfully to pursue all the studies of the Theological course. Several of
the Seminaries, however, have a " Special Course," shorter or less com-
plete than the regular Three Years' Course, and requiring a less extended
previous education.

TERMS AND VACATIONS.

Andover. — The first term of the present Seminary year ended on
Thursday, March 9, 1876, followed by a vacation of three weeks. The
second term commenced on Thursday, March 30, 1876, and will continue
until the Anniversary, June 29, 1876, to be followed by a vacation of nine
weeks. The first term of the next Seminary year will begin on Thursday
Aug. 31, 1876.

Bangor. — One vacation, commencing at the Anniversary (Wednesday,
June 7, 1876), and continuing until the commencement of the next term
(Thursday, Sept. 21, 1876). A recess of ten days, including the first two
Sabbaths in February.

Chicago. — Two terms, the " Lecture Term " and the " Reading Term,"
the Lecture Term commencing the Wednesday succeeding the second
Tuesday in September, and continuing until the Wednesday or Thursday
succeeding the second Tuesday in May; the Reading Term extending
from the second Wednesday in June to the commencement of the Lecture
Term, a vacation of six weeks intervening between the close of the
Lecture Term and the commencement of the Reading Term. The
Lecture Term is to be devoted to attendance on the regular exercises
of the Seminary. The Reading Term is intended to be passed by the
student under the supervision of some pastor, under whose care he may
pursue the course of study prescribed by the Faculty, while at the same
time acquainting himself with the details and practical duties of pastoral
life. Anniversary, last day of the Lecture Term.

The " Alumni Institute " opens on the Tuesday evening nearest the 20th
of October, and continues four days.

Hartford. — One term of study in the year, which begins on the third
Thursday of September and closes on the fourth Thursday of May.

New Haven. — There is but one term of study. The session of 1875-6
commenced on Thursday, Sept. 16, 1875, and will continue till the
third Thursday of May [May 18], 1876, when the public Anniversary is

326 Congregational Theological Seminaries in 1875-76. [April,

helcL The next annual term will begin on Thursday, Sept. 14, 1876.
(College Library, 70,000 volumes ; Library of College Literary Societies,
18,000 ; Seminary Reference Library, nearly 2,000.)

Oakland. — The year consists of but one term, beginning with the third
Thursday in August and ending with the third Thursday in May. There
is a recess of two weeks at the holidays.

Oberlin. — Terms and vacations are the same as those of the college.
Fall Term commenced Tuesday, Aug. 31, 1875 ; vacation commenced
Sattu-day, Nov. 20, 1875. Spring Term commenced Tuesday, Feh. 15,
1876; Spring Recess commences Saturday, May 6, 1876. Summer Term,
commences Wednesday, May 10, 1876 ; vacation, Thursday, Aug. 3, 1876.
Anniversary of the Theological Society, Thursday, May 4, 1876. Address
to the Theological Alumni, Friday, July 28, 1876. Commencement
Saturday, July 29, 1876. The next Fall Term commences Tuesday, Sept.
5, 1876. (College Library, 14,000 volumes.)

SUMMARIES FOR THE YEARS OF THIS PUBLICATION.

0

SruDEim.

•

i

•

a

TXAHS.

0

1

1

s

2

is

Q
OD

•

•3

■0

i

»:

1=^

<

186S-0. . . .

24

10

15

87

75

00

ISO

185»-«3 . . .

24

10

24

88

00

04

281

1880-1. . . .

24

7

14

93

100

04

11

SM

lMt-2. . . .

26

0

18

08

05

81

S76

186^^. . . .

23

11

18

00

103

68

2SS

18VV4. . . .

24

0

10

80

63

68

lOS

]8«i-6. . . .

24

0

10

86

63

43

162

188$-0. . . .

22

10

10

63

68

84

10

906

18««>-7. . . .

25

10

18

61

08

85

Mt

1867-8. . • .

28

11

0

07

02

65

268

1898-0. . . .

31

11

18

87

88

65

18

SS8

1889-70 . . .

31

0

T

74

72

81

13

210

1870-1. . . .

32

11

18

72

73

08

29

2:2

1871-2. . . .

84

12

18

74

80

02

S3

278

1872-3. . . .

5

11

13

03

88

118

82

S»

1878-4. . . .

85

10

12

81

105

108

86

827

187i-5. . . .

37

2i

13

102

88

03

36 '

316

187&-«. . . .

36

22

0

70

08

09

36 ;

303

c. c.

1876.] Congregatumal Necrology. 327

CONGREGATIONAL NECROLOGY.

Mrs. Amelia Hotchkiss (Oaks) Day died at New Haven, Conn.,
March 25, 1875. She was the daughter of Henry and Mary (Hotch-
kiss) OakSf and was bom at New Haven, June 30, 182 1. She was
united in marriage to Rev. George K Day, d. d., now professor in
the Yale Theological Seminary, Aug. 24, 1843.

Upon her marriage she went at once to Marlboro', Mass., where
her husband had already been three years pastor of the Union Con*
gregational Church. Here she remained until the close of 1847,
when Mr. Day accepted a call from the Edwards Church in North-
ampton. There he began his labors in January, 1848. Three years
later, in May, 185 1, he was urged to take the professorship of Bib-
lical Literature in Lane Theological Seminary, Ohio. This offer was
accepted, and he remained in that seminary from 1851 to 1866.
He was then invited to similar duties in the Theological Department
of Yale College, and this call brought him and his wife back to her
native place.

In these several spheres Mrs. Day bore her part with rare delicacy
and good sense, and she has left in all these places only sweet and
pleasant remembrances. Naturally shrinking from public observa-
tion, she nevertheless faithfully undertook those semi-public duties
to which her position seemed to call her, and there was a charm in
her performance of them arising from the very modesty and half-
timidity with which it was invested. Those whose privilege it has
been to share her society in her own home know well how person-
ally attractive she was, how full of grace and instinctive propriety,
how winning and pleasant in her words, and how genuine in her
hospitality. The table where she presided was always a cultured
and attractive one to her guests. At Lane Seminary a sphere of
activity was opened before her which she felt it to be her duty to
fill. She sought to contribute to the social culture of that little
world, and bring the students together in pleasant and refining
circles of companionship. Her agency in this was marked and
beneficent. In the recent growth and prosperity of the Divinity
School at New Haven she took the most lively interest, and cheer-
fully embraced the special opportunities of service, so far as her
health permitted, which her husband's relation to the seminary gave
her.

Mrs Day, at last, was called to die of that dreaded disease,
cancer ; and long after she was bearing the burden of sharp pain

SECOND 8SRIBS. — VOL. VIIL Na 2. 22

328 Congregational Necrology. [April,

and hopelessness of relief her firien43, outside of her own house,
knew it not She received and returned calb as usual ; she enter-
tained her friends as guests in her pleasant home ; she would not
cast a glooi^ over her social circle, even though suffering at intervab
the acutest agony. Not very long before her death she went in a
carriage, and made " what she knew was a final call upon a number
of her friends, who little thought she was never to enter their
homes again.'' It was not, indeed, till a short time before her death
that her familiar acquaintances knew of the malady that was steadily
consimiing her life. Her sufferings towards the close seemed too
great to be borne, but she endured them with a martyr-like patience
and Christian resignation, waiting, day by day, for the solace of
death. We cannot close this notice in any way so fitly as by copy-
ing a few words from a printed note, prepared by her husband just
after her death, to be sent to her kindred and friends : ^ I may be
permitted to testify for Him who led her in her youth to consecrate
herself to His service, that in her purity of thought and feeling, her
unselfish and self-sacrificing spirit, her readiness to forgive, her
steady endeavor to become more and more conformed to the image
of Christ, her love for all goodness, and the fortitude, faith, and
patience with which she met a most distressing form of death, the
grace of God was magnified in her."

I. N. T.

Dea. Gershom Hyde died at Bath, Me., Sept. ii, 1875. He was
bom in Lebanon, Conn., Oct. 2, i793. His parents were Zabdiel
and Mary (Lyman) Hyde, the latter belonging to that family which,
in its different branches, has furnished so many good ministers
and laymen in Connecticut and Massachusetts. Gershom was one of
six brothers, three of whom were deacons in Congregational Churches
and one an elder in a Presbyterian Church in Brooklyn, N. Y.

In 1809 Mr. Hyde went to Bath, and in November of that year
united with the Congregational Church. Almost immediately he
began to take an active part in prayer-meetings and other distinctly
Christian services. He was twice absent from Bath for a time. Two
years were spent at Freeport, and afterwards three years in Portland,
where he was connected with the Third Congregational Church.
This was during the later years of the ministry of the excellent
Rev. Charles Jenkins and the early labors of Dr. William T. Dwight
Then he returned again to Bath, where he passed the remainder of
his life.

On Jan. 3, 1821, he was married in Lebanon, Conn., to Sarah,

1876.] Congregational Necrology. 329

daughter of Joseph and Betsey Hyde, to whom, though of the same
name, he was but very remotely related. Miss Hyde had united
with the church in Lebanon, under the ministry of the Rev. Mr.
£ly, when in her seventeenth year. She proved herself an excellent
wife and mother, an earnest Christian, and a faithful helper of her
husband in every good work. After some years of feeble health and
much suffering she peacefully fell asleep in Christ in 185 1. Dea.
Hyde did not marry again, but spent his declining years in the
family of a brother.

The acquaintance of the writer with Dea. Hyde commenced in
the spring of 1835. What is now known as the Central Church in
Bath was at that time organized, and the writer was ordained its
pastor. Mr. Hyde was one of several persons who had colonized
from the First Church, then under the care of the venerable Dr. John
W. Ellingwood, to unite with others in constituting the new organ-
ization. He came to this fresh enterprise by special request, and,
having some time before been elected to the office of deacon in the
First Church, was at once chosen to the same office in the new
church, to which he brought not only wisdom and experience, but a
thoroughly devoted heart.

Thenceforward for more than half a generation we can testify,
from personal knowledge, that for hearty co-operation with his pastor
in all Christian work and devotion to the interests of the church
he was a model church officer. His own Christian life was thor-
oughly earnest and, at the same time, steady and healthful. He
loved Christ fervently, and, of course, loved the church of which
he was a member, and the whole church catholic. If there was
any special duty to be done, a case of discipline that required atten-
tion, of distress to be relieved, of the sick or afflicted to be visited,
the pastor had only to suggest that his services were needed to
have them rendered cheerfully and at once. We never knew him
shrink from any duty because it was an unpleasant one. He had no
crotchets, no pet views or plans of his own which he wished to
see advanced ; but recognizing the pastor as the chosen leader of
the flock, it seemed to be always his delight to encourage and sustain
him by his sympathy, his counsels, and his prayerful co-operation. If
Dea. Hyde was not in the prayer-meeting, the Sabbath School, — of
which he was many years superintendent, — and the public service in
the house of God, it was certainly assumed that he was either seriously
ill or absent from the city. Though his mind did not work rapidly
and he was not fluent in speech, yet his good sense, his genial spirit,
and, above all, his genuine unction rendered his prayers and remarks

330 Congregational Necrology. [April,

in the weekly meetings interesting and profitable to all. His dailj
Christian example was generally recognized as eminently consistent.
With the cordial sympathy and co-operation of Mrs. Hyde he made
his home a Bethel and an abode of sanctified affection His three
daughters were given to God from their birth and early led to Christ,
and all became the wives of Christian ministers, — two of them to
go to* the great Home Missionary field, — called early to their res^
and laid for their last repose beneath the green turf of the prairies.
Their children are rising up, some of them in the ministry of Christ,
to honor their memory.

As Dea. Hyde advanced to old age his mind became gradually
enfeebled, till his memory was almost gone. Still, however, he con-
tinued to exhibit his Christian spirit. He would wander off with
his Bible to hold a meeting, as he supposed, or go to his wife's
grave, sapng that he wanted to go home. Every day he took to be
the Sabbath, and would give thanks in his prayers for its return ;
and when missed on one occasion on a week-day, he was found in
his accustomed seat in church, waiting for service tp begin. During
his last days his only surviving daughter, who had been very dear to
him, was unable to make him recognize her ; but when she repeated
the first verse of the fourteenth chapter of John's Gospel, he at once
repeated the second, and so on alternately for several verses, remem-
bering Christ and His words when even the tenderest memories of
earth were lost. Wife, daughters, the dearest friends, living and
dead, were forgotten ; but when pressed for an answer as to what
he loved, he promptly replied, " The songs of Zion " ; and he would
sing the old hymns and tunes, which he had known from a boy,
almost to the hour when his voice united in the chorus of those who
were waiting for him in the home to which he so longed to go.

R. P.

Hon. Orrin Sage died at Ware, Mass., June 23, 1875, in his
eighty-fifth year. He was the youngest son of William and Bath-
sheba (HoUister) Sage, and was bom in Middletown, Conn., Jan.
17, 1 791. His mother died when he was seven months old. At
the age of thirteen he went into the family of an older brother, a
merchant in Middletown. His education was in the common
schools and in the store of his brother. When nineteen years of
age, John and Daniel Hinsdale, merchants of Middletown, took him
into their service, and in a year furnished him with a stock of goods
with which he commenced trade in 181 1 in Blandford, Mass. In
1814 the Hinsdales failed, and with them the Eagle Bank of New

1876L] congregational Necrology. 331

Haven, and Mr. Sage purchased their interest in the store at Bland-
ford. The peace of 18 15 caused great depression in merchandise ;
but by industry and economy, he was able to pay his notes to the
Hinsdales, and establish a character ibr integrity. Mr. Sage con-
tinued in business in Blandford until 1848. He pursued the same
course with several of his clerks that the Hinsdales did with him, —
starting them in trade with capital which brought favorable results.
One such partnership near Rochester, N. Y., was continued for thirty
years. Every year an accurate inventory was made, showing the
results of business. He represented the town of Blandford in the
Legislature in 183 1, '32, and '34, and was senator from Hampden
County in 1836-37. Mr. Sage removed to Ware in 1848, where he
passed the remainder of a long, honorable, and useful life. He
soon became president of the bank in that place, which office
he held until the bank became a national institution in 1865, ^^^
he was a director and vice-president until his death.

Mr. Sage's taste for agriculture and horticulture afforded him an
agreeable employment in the evening of life. Modest and retiring
In hb nature, quiet and unpretending in his habits, he made no
show, but many can speak of his kind and generous acts. He united
with the Congregational Church in Blandford in September, 1823,
and took a leading part in the erection of a new church building
and the support of the gospel and in various benevolent objects.
When he left Blandford he gave a fund of $1,000 to the Congre-
gational Church, and afterwards presented them with a parsonage.
He also presented the town of Ware a beautiful lot of twenty-five
acres for a cemetery. To Williams College he gave, some years
ago, a scholarship of $1,000; and more recently he endowed the
professorship of History and Political Economy with a fund of
$30,000. To the town of Osage, county seat of Mitchell County,
Iowa, of which he was one of the founders, and which was named for
him, he gave nearly seven hundred acres of land to establish a public
library, and erected a handsome brick building for its reception.
For more than fifty years he was a constant and increasingly liberal
giver to the American Board, while the Home Missionary Society
and the American Missionary Association and other benevolent
objects shared his liberality.

Mr. Sage was a man intellectually of the soundest judgment, while
his character was marked by the predominance of Christian prin-
ciple. Of the strictest integrity, he accumulated a large property,
and used it as a steward of the Master. He gave, not from impulse,
but upon principle and system.

332 Congregational Necrology. [April,

When he united with the church in 1822 he gave in baptism his
eldest daughter, Harriet Newell, — a name regarded as representative
of the cause of missions. At the same time he set apart a stated
sum of money for that cause, which he increased as his means
increased. He was a man of large charity, though firm in his
own convictions, free from malice and guile, calm and retiring in his
manners, but always gentle, tender, and constant in his friendships.

Mr. Sage made the following bequests: To the Congregational
Society of Blandford, Mass., for ministerial fund, $5,000; to the
town of Ware, Mass., for care of cemetery, $3,000 ; East Congre-
gational Society of Ware, Mass., for parsonage, $5,000 ; to Foreign
Missions, $10,000; American Home Missionary Society, $5,000;
American Missionary Association, $5,000 ; Hampton Institute,
$1,000; Mt. Holyoke Female Seminary, $1,000; Williams College,
$20,000; total, $55,000.

A glance at our brief sketch of the life of Mr. Sage will be suffi-
cient to show that the habit of giving for benevolent purposes was
commenced with him in the early days of his prosperity. He did
not wait till he had acquired a fortune before he began to distribute
as God had prospered him; he brought forth fruit in early life
as well as in old age. In 1823 the Rev. Dorus Clarke became
the pastor of the Congregational Church in Blandford ; and it is
worthy of record, is illustrative not only of the spirit of Mr. Sage
but also of the customs of that period, that Mr. Sage, then a young
man himself, invited Mr. Clarke into his family, and gave him his
board for a whole year in payment of a subscription of $70 towards
a donation from individuals as a " settlement." Evidently he com-
menced his active life with a sense of religious obligation ; and
knowing the tendency of accumulation to increase the love of money
he resolved to counteract that tendency in himself by early becom-
ing a liberal giver. His prosperity and liberality went hand in hand.
He was industrious, and encouraged industry in others. He kindly
aided his family connections. He was generous in his donations to
institutions of learning, in particular to Williams College. His
last donation of $20,000, added to the $31,000 previously given,
makes him the largest individual donor to Williams College since
it was founded.

Mr. Sage was married May 4, 181 7, to Miss Ruth Pease of Bland-
ford, who died Dec. 10, 1858. He married Mrs. C. J. Tourtellott,
Aug. 21, i860, who survives him. He lefl two daughters, one the
wife of Hon. William Hyde, of Ware.

W. H.

l87&] Congregational Necrology. 333

Rev, Tertius Dunning Southworth, the third son of Rev.
James and Mary (Denison) Southworth, was bom in Rome, Oneida
County, N. Y., 1801, July 25. He was a student at Hamilton Col-
lege, but did not graduate ; he received, however, the degree of A.
M. in 1 83 1. He spent one year in Aubum Theological Seminary,
and graduated at Aodover in 1829. In December, 1830, after pro-
tracted illness, he went to Paris (Lauquoit), N. Y., where he
preaqhed more than two years, and then at Bridgewater several
months. He was ordained at Utica by the Oneida Presbytery, Oct.
7, 1833, and installed at Claremont, N. H., June 18, 1834. From
this pastorate he was dismissed July 31, 1838. In October he went
to Franklin, Mass., and was installed, Jan. 23, I839, successor of
Dr. E. Smalley, in the pulpit made famous by the long ministry of
Dr. Emmons From this pastorate he was dismissed, 1850, but
continued to reside in Franklin till May, 1852. The following sum-
mer he supplied the church in Lyndon, Vt From 1853 to 1857 he
resided at White Creek, N. Y., preaching there and in Bennington
and Pownal, Vt. He became acting pastor at Pleasant Prairie,
Kenosha, Wis., March i, 1859, where he remained till the autumn of
1868, at first receiving, but afterwards relinquishing, the aid of the
A. H. M. S. But he became disabled by rheumatism from preach-
ing, and in 1869 returned to Bridgewater, N. Y., the home of his
childhood, where he died Aug. 2, 1874.

Mr. Southworth was a man of fine presence and an impressive
speaker. His thinking was clear, and the expression of it in his ser-
mons direct, pithy, and vigorous. He was decided in his opinions,
and held what he believed to be truth very firmly. In Claremont
he encountered religious currents which he could not approve, in
the measures of the evangelist, Jededlah Burchard, and his sup-
porters. Many thoughtful Christians in the region sympathized with
him, and he held his ground, to his own serious discomfort in the
loss of firiends and division among his church members. In
Franklin, the church which had enjoyed such a pastorate as Dr.
Emmons' found in him a successor not unworthy of such a place,
and his memory is cherished there with respect and love. He was
married in Weathersfield, Vt., June 17, 1839, to Martha, daughter
of Luther Warren, then late of Hartford, Conn., who survives him.
He preached and labored as he was able, and ceased not to strive
to win men to Christ The gospel which he had preached and
loved enriched his last years with full light.

n. A. n.

334 Literary Review. April,

LITERARY REVIEW.

THEOLOGICAL AND RELIGIOUS.

In the last number of the Quarterly we noticed the recently published
Oxford prize essay of Mr. Jackson on the Philosophy of Natural Religion,
He stated in that work that he had only been able, within the brief limits
allowed him, to open a line of argument which he desired on a futtu-e
occasion to follow through. By his appointment to deliver the Bampton
Lectures for 1875, a fit opportunity was afforded him, and we have the
result in the volume entitled The Doctrine of Retribution^ ^ which may
accordingly be regarded as a supplement to the other.

Having shown convincingly the validity of the argument for a personal
and intelligent God and the possibility of a science of natural theology,
drawn from the indications of design and final causes in nature, he proceeds
in these lectures to a discussion of the question "Whether Retributive
Justice is or is not sovereign over Human Futiuities." In the conduct of
the argument, Mr. Jackson exhibits, as in his essay, the hand of a master.
His fairness in stating and meeting objections, his acute discrimination,
his clearness and felicity of style, and the life and animation thrown into
the discourses, render the book attractive to the reader and easily compre-
hensible notwithstanding the profoundness and subtilty of the reasoning at
many points. He has succeeded in rendering eloquent and often beautiful
what in the hands of an inferior writer might have been dull and dry.

Starting from the absolute reality of moral distinctions, the opposition
of right and wrong, and the necessary connection of the one with good
and the other with evil, the conviction of which he holds to be necessary
to man, he finds the law of retribution imbedded, so to speak, in the very
constitution of the universe. He shows that the conclusions of the
moralist, standing on the basis of immutable moral distinctions and the
involved law of retribution, are in entire accord with those of the natural
theist or with natural theology. Retributive justice, moreover, carries
with it the certainty of a future life and of the doctrines of natural religion.

The deep interest and practical importance of the subject and the time-
liness and ability of the discussion render this volume specially worthy to
be read. If the argument is somewhat diffuse in parts, this will be par-
doned as inevitable almost in lectures written to be publicly delivered;
especially as the treatment thus gains in glow more than it loses from lack
of condensation. It is gratifying to know that in these days of doubt and
unbelief there is such wholesome teaching at Oxford.

A LADY friend calling on one of our eminent physicians, laid aside by
illness from active duty, found him reading Sermons out of Church.^
" A moral tonic," said he. Certainly two words more appropriate coukl
scarcely be found.

• Sec A. D. F Randolph & Ca, p. 346.

* Harper & Brothers. See Quarterly for 1875, p. 602.

18/6.] Literary Review. 335

The author of John Halifax never wrote an inferior book. This is
one of her best. Sermons out of Church : but she takes no Scripture
text ; there are no heads or subdivisions ; it is a small book, full of
wholesome, moral, and religious truths. The reader is expected to make
his own application, which he can scarcely fail to do.

The sermons are six in number. The first is on Self-Sacrifice ; or,
"What is Self-Sacrifice ? " It is not urged as a duty so much as
warned against when practised to an extent which the writer regards as
criminaL " There may be a point," she says, " beyond which the most
affectionate child has no right to go, but must pause and judge whether
a duty which inevitably overrides all other duties has not in it something
amiss."

" Our Often Infirmities " (No. 2) is not a temperance lecture merely, but
the laws of health, dress, company, etc., come in for discussion.

3. We are all familiar with the doctrine, " Train up a child," etc. ; but
here we are made to see that it is the child who educates the parent
Hence our author's motto, "How to train up a parent in the way he
should go."

4. "Benevolence or Beneficence." The former consists in "mere
kind feeling, doing good, certainly, sometimes in a vague and a careless
way," but it may be practised injuriously. But beneficence always costs
trouble. It is carrying out by action the good-will of the heart It is
always safe ; it always meets the case.

Philanthropy is the subject of No. 5, or " My Brother's Keeper." " Who
is my brother ? " The ** Heathen Chinee and the South Sea Islander,"
indeed, but " the white brother at our door " as well ; and so the poor,
the neglected, the ignorant, that our sympathies and our charities may
reach. " Those that Thou gavest me I have kept, and none of them is
lost," are the beautiful words which close this discourse.

6. ** Gather up the Fragments." Not the fragments of food, in obedi-
ence to our Lord's command, but the fragments of our lives. " These
may be gathered," we are told, " slowly and painfully, may be. But it may
be done. Poor King David, who paid so dearly in sorrow for every sin he
committed, yet had strength ever and ever again to gather up the frag-
ments of his piteous, sorrowful life, and live on, ay ! and to die in faith
and in hope of his never-builded temple." " As for me," he says, " I
shall be satisfied when I awake with Thy likeness."

This is not a book to be read hastily, as one of the popular story-books
of the day. It will bear many readings. It is a book to own. One can
scarcely take it up and open it anywhere without finding something to
arrest attention, to supply food for thought or an incentive to duty.

Noiv that the subject of revivals is engrossing the public mind, the com-
pilation of brief articles on Effective Revival Preaching^ from various
distinguished authors, just issued by Rev. Mr. Doe, is timely, and will, we

* See J. Crawford Greene, p. 34&

336 IMerary Review. [April,

trust, be a means erf good. Some erf die selections are from such men as
Hatfield, Shepard, Park, Finney, Barnes, Cayler, Sporgeon, and Moody.
Others are from writers less known in connection with revivals. Although
there is evident want of unity, even of design, in the work, yet there is
material in it <rf the highest value.

The public have long been familiar with the writings of Dr. Joseph P.
Thompson, but the products of his pen in the past have been designed for
advanced scholars, or at least for mature minds. He now appears as an
author in a field to him entirely new. He has furnished a woric ''for the
young." We have been interested and gratified in noticing the skill with
which he has accommodated his style to meet the conditions of the youth-
ful mind.

This new work is a Life of Jesus of Naxaretk^ and it is with unreserved
{Measure that we commend it to parents who would furnish the most profit-
able reading to the youth in their ^unilies. It is not juvenile, but is rather
adapted to persons from twelve to twenty years of age. Indeed, it is not
uninteresting or unprofitable to maturer minds. No one who knows the
distinguished author will imagine that it is a simple version in his own lan-
guage of the scriptural narrative. It bears marks everywhere of original-
ity, and illustrates, in so varied a manner and so classic a style, the great
events recorded in the sacred writings as to captivate the mind which is
most familiar with the Scriptures. We would that it were pbured in the
hands of the youth of our entire land. The pictorial illustrations of the
volume add to its charms.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL.

Among recent issues from the press, biographies are specially promi-
nent Some of them are distinctly appropriate to this centennial year.
Others are fortuitously brought forward at the present time. Among these
biographies that of Dr. John Todd' has a place peculiar to itselL He was
a marked man, and ^ the story of his life " is strikingly characteristic of
him.

The style is vivid. The portion written by Dr. Todd himself is remark-
able for its monosyllabic character. It will be read because it has those
popular qualities which pertained to the man whom it illustrates and
describes. Its exceUences are great and its defects are not less conspic-
uous. There are two kinds of biographies: The one is printed simply,
the other is published. The former is designed for the gratification of
friends; the latter, for the instruction and improvement of the public
This Life of Dr. Todd has been prepared either with the design of com-
bining the two kinds, or with an obliviousness as to the distinction between
them. Hence it is not a genuine example of either. Certainly a large part
of it ought never to have been given to the public. It is too personal,

^ See James R. Osgood & Ca, p. 84.
* See Harper & Bi others, p. 82.

1876.] Literary Review. 337

too domestic, too private to be thtis exposed to gaze. When a man
writes an affectionate letter to his wife and adds as a postscript, " This, of
course, is suitable only for your own eye, — then to be destroyed" (p. 513),
it is not in good taste, or loyal in spirit, to publish it to the world. The
detailed statement given in this volume as to the birth of the first child in
the ^mily is more appropriate to a medical journal than to a popular
memoir. Dr. Todd's devotion to his mother in all her poverty and in the
sad deprivation of her reason, is worthy of admiration, and the yearnings
of his loving heart when bereft of children draw us instinctively to him.

The volume vividly illustrates the struggles by which many an indi-
gent young man presses his way in preparing for the gospel ministry.

As a delineation of character it might have been, perhaps, quite as
acceptable to friends, and, it may be, as useful to the public, had it not
made so conspicuous the defects of its subject. The ambition, the vanity,
and the arrogance of Dr. Todd might not have been entirely concealed
without rendering them so prominent and offensive. He showed his sen-
sitiveness to his personal appearance by making his " beauty " the subject
of a standing joke.

Dr. Todd was a good story-teller in public as well as in private. Indeed,
the habit of illustrating the truth in this way characterized him as a public
speaker.

Unfortunately he was given to exaggeration. Perhaps this is not an
uncommon fault of story-tellers. The representation in this volume as to
the confession which he made while a student at Andover " for having . . .
in a small school-house exhorted the people to repentance," etc. (p. 102),
as a satisfaction to the Faculty, who reprimanded him for preaching without
a license, is an illustration of the kind of caricature in which he delighted.

The Faculty evidently had respect for good Congregational usage, and
also wished to prevent the ambitious young man from neglecting his
studies. In after-life Dr. Todd had occasion to recognize the reasonableness
of their position. He writes Jan. 27, 1840, "Were I to go back to my
theological life (and oh, that I could !), I would do differently from what I
did. I would not enter the ministry as young by four or five years." (pp.
293, 294.) Then, as though he were giving advice to a student, he adds,
" Let him stick to his books, make all he can his own, save every thought
in his power ; it will be needed and come in use hereafter." (p. 294.)

It was his habit of exaggeration, as we understand it, which explains the
fact that his enemies at Philadelphia " attacked " his " moral character,"
and said that he was "a liar and a slanderer." (p. 501.) He had an
active imagination, but comparatively little logic. When he first preached
at Groton, Mass., in the midst of Unitarian influences, he thus describes
his course : " I preach tenderly at the conscience, let doctrines alone,
preach heaven and hell, and the responsibility of man ; take depravity as
granted, and acknowledge it in my public prayers ; speak of the Trinity,
Saviour, and Holy Spirit, [as if no one ever questioned the doctrines."
(pp. 145, 146.) That certainly was a novel way of "letting doctrines
alone " !

338 LUenay Review. \hw^

His bkfgrzper thus defines die theological positiofi of Dr. Todd: <>1V
dieology which be accepted was what in these dajs is coosideied old-
la«hirtn»H^ bot in point of fact it occupied a middle ground between aid-
school Presbyterianism and modem Ta3iorism, both of which he cnffdiallj
detested." (p. 441)

The author adds, ** Of practical preaching, as it is called, die Tcboidag
of specific sins oi his hearers, he did very fittle." (p. 44I-) If <ius be
tme, his preaching most hare been very nnlike the erample girca bj our
Lord and his disciples.

Dr. Todd was ^ prone to indnlge in melanchcdj." His son, who com-
piles and edits this memoir, says, "' He rather liked to feel bad, and he
enjoyed making others feel bad." (p. 452.)

He was a strong temperance man. In describing the habits preraifing
at Groton in 1825, he says, ''At their fonerals here they invariably hand
roond mm, brandy, and wine, and the bearers are often intoxicated." (p.
146.) When he organized the new chorch at Groton he did it 00 total
abstinence principles. As to persons who would not submit to this nde,
he sa3rs, ^ We shall cut them off from our communion if thej need it"
(p. 219.)

On the subject of slavery he seems to have taken lower ground. The
only allusions to this subject in the memoir are as follows : —

While South for his health, in the midst of his college course, in 182 1,
he writes, ^ The slavery here shocks me." (p. 90.) The compiler of the
memoir adds : -^

** And well it might More than once or twice he saw his kind hostess herself
■end a servant girl to a public whipping-house, with a note designating the number
of lashes which she wished administered. And very soon after his arrival pablic
notice was given by the authorities of Charleston, to all ministers of the gospel
and other benevolent persons engaged in teaching the blacks to read, in night
schools, that they were violating the laws, and must desist During this visit to
the South he conceived a deep abhorrence of the institution of slavery, which he
consistently maintained and frankly avowed all through his life, though he did not
approve of the meaiures of the early abolitionists, and preserved too grateful a
remembrance of Southern kindness to sympathize with their spirit,^ (p. 9a)

** April 9, 1827. On Fast Day I preached — morning, on intemperance ; after-
noon, on slavery." (p. 184.)

"Nor. I, 1 831; I am in distress for the Poles. ... I am in distress, too, for
oar two millions of slaves, who are made cattle o^ and yet who, if they lift the
head at all, are butchered in a moment.** (p. 23a)

''Dec. 6, 1853. A National Anti- Slavery Society is about to be formed at
Philadelphia, and then auxiliaries are to be formed, and then a warfare is begun
such as this country has never seen. God grant that it result in nothing worse
than the outpouring of passions in words." (p. 246.)

We cannot forbear to ask, Is this all that can be said as to his influence
on the subject of slavery during a ministry of almost half a centiiry, at the
very time when the accursed system engrossed the public mind and was
overthrown? Who were those "early abolitionists'' whose "measures

1876.] Literary Review. 339

he did not approve " ? They were chiefly church members. The Evan-
gelical ministry were more largely represented among them than any other
class. What were their " measures " ? Their principal measure was free
discussion, and the means proposed by them were moral. If a few of them
ultimately became fanatics, who made them so? It was men who
'* preserved too grateful a remembrance of Southern kindness," or who,
for some kindred reason, refused to co-operate with them.

When the RebeUion came, how did Dr. Todd stand ? He was patriotic,
it is claimed, and we have no disposition to question the claim; and yet his
biographer feels called upon to state that ''he deprecated much of the
spirit and many of the measures which contributed to produce the civil
war " ; and '' in addition to his constitutional aversion to strife, he
had deep sympathy for the Southern people, growing out of kindnesses
received among them in early life." (p. 493.)

Concerning the war. Dr. Todd wrote, Oct 27, 1862, " I have not yet
seen a ray of light revealing the design of God in permitting all this. It
is all dark to me." (p. 389.) We suspect that a little sympathy with the
abolitionists in their struggles in the cause of liberty would even then
have thrown some light to dissipate the darkness with which his mind was
enshrouded as to " the design of God."

Dr. Todd seems to have had a special aversion to agents in benevolent
work, as the following extracts show. It was suggested to him while in
the Theological Seminary that he should become an agent of the Ameri-
can Board at the South. With reference to this he writes : —

" I should very much dread to have them apply to me to be an agent I know
it is the duty of somebody to do it ; I think it a good and honorable employment ;
and yet I should shrink from it" (p. 124.)

When settled at Groton he writes : —

** Have been mad and plagued and bothered four da3r8 and as many nights, with
one of those paltry agents^ and his horse ! Wanted money for the Tract Society ;
a good object, but why do they send such green, raw-headed, self-suffident, lazy
fellows about ? He is a student, and wanted a gentlemanly way of spending his
vacation; lazy, and could hardly feed himselfl I gave him my mind on this
agency business with a freedom which he will not soon forget At first I told him
that I would not further his designs one hair, unless he would do just as I wanted
to have him, and go to worlc" (p. 205.)

When pastor at Northampton he writes : —

*' Did you ever see an ' agent * ? When will their number be filled up ? As their
number increases, so does their brazen-faced impudence. I am sick of the very
name of agent** (p. 245.)

And again, July 17, 1836: —

" There are at this time no less than twenty-three agents in New England, beg-
ging for ' the far and the great West* ** (p. 258.)

At Pittsfield, after his house had been burned, he writes ; —

** I am overrun with agents from the West, — poor, impudent, and saucy. I
have always been sorry that my rifle was burned up.** (p. 323.)

340 LiUraty Review. \AV^

After making all due allowance for his habit of exaggeration, inasmnch
as this is all that is said about ^ agents " in this volume, we are constrained
to ask, could not Dr. Todd show more consideration, more patience, more
breadth, and a more benevolent spirit than is here manifest ? His remem-
brance of his own deep poverty while a student should have rendered him
tender of the feelings of the student who was spending his vacation in the
service of the Tract Society. Doubtless, agents representing no respon-
sible organizations have sometimes been numerous and annoying. For-
merly our benevolent societies sometimes employed agents, because they
could be hired cheap, who were not acceptable to the churches. But this
does not justify the wholly one-sided and severe representations on this
subject given in this volume.

Mr. Moody says, ** I suppose it is true, as they say, that martyrs will stand
nearest the throne ; but I tell you, beggars will stand next to thenu" The
duty of carrying on the benevolent work of the churches is, in the nature of
things, sufficiendy onerous and self-sacrificing without having Christian men
aid in lessening the very slight difference which remains between beggars
and martyrs.

The church at Pittsfield is portrayed in an unenviable light At the
time when Dr. Todd went there, it is represented as worshipping in a
church so leaky that it was often necessary '' to gather up the carpets in
service time.'' '^The parish never had a lecture-room, but held their
extra meetings in the upper part of an old church. They owed for seven
3rears' rent of this, for the fuel and light for two years, a long arrearage for
the bread used at the communion-table, and a note in the bank for their
former minister's salary." (p. 498.)

Dr. Todd writes, " I am popular when I do just as the people want to
have me ; but when I touch their darling sins they rear up and threaten to
fall over and crush the poor driver who sits on the box." (p. 329.) He
speaks of himself as preaching to a congregation in which at one time
" there were supposed to be three millions of property," and yet represents
himself as obliged to lecture every week to pay his '^ children's tuition "
(p. 380), and to write for the press in order to meet other necessary
expenses. It affords his people at least conjectural relief from the charge
of meanness when his own habits as to *' hobbies " are so presented as to
suggest to the reader that he would have been little or no better off had
he been furnished more lavishly with funds.

The compiler evinces a want of instinctive delicacy in this volume. He
accuses his own distinguished predecessor in the pastoral office (Mr.
Rogers) of 'indolence" (p. 221), (who be it remembered died of /<im(Kxir
when less than forty-four years of age). He describes Rev. Dr. Kirk when
visiting Philadelphia in time of religious interest, as becoming '' dissatis-
fied with something " and leaving '^ abruptly," and quotes his &ther as
alluding to Dr. Nettleton in these words, " When shall we be done with
the idea that we may pout, and refuse to eat, if every dish is not served just
to our liking?" (p. 295.) He slanders his own denomination, declaring,
'Mtis the vice of Congregationalism, that in it every man's hand is against

1876.] Literary Review. 341

his brother." Q>. 312.) The author of this declaration has doubtless
experienced some disappointment in life, but we would commend for his
consideration the noble resolution of his father, '* Years ago I made up
my mind not to be soured by anything which might be said against me."
(p. 272.)

But notwithstanding these and other glaring faults, this volume has great
excellences. It is eminently suggestive. Such passages as the following
are of great value to young ministers : —

" There is more danger of having the church too large than of its being too
small." (p. 220.)

*^ Nobody is forgotten who is worthy of being remembered ; and sospicions
always bring upon us the very things which we deprecate." (p. 239. )

" I have thrown away too many most valuable friends, simply by neglecting
them when circumstances separated us." (p. 271.)

" I would prefer the smallest country parish in good old New England to any
great church in any great city." (p. 295.)

It would be of value to undemonstrative churches to read Dr. Todd's
declaration : —

" Never one comes up and sa3rs, ' Sir, you have removed some doubts that
troubled me,* or, 'I feel strengthened by those views,* or, 'I thank you for that
particular train of thought' No one ever asked me, ' Sir, are you comfortably
off ? ' or, ' Are you getting along well ? ' or, ' Don't you need to stop and rest
awhile ? ' or, ' Can I do anything for you ? ' I never feel the breath of sympathy,
to say nothing about flattery." (p. 381.)

" It makes me sad to go and come and not have my people know that I have
been away. Not a soul bade me good-bye ; not a soul came to welcome me back*
I do hope that when I die they will bury me with great propriety." (p. 382.)

Dr. Todd was a popular speaker and author, — not profound. He was
droll rather than witty, and rightly says, " You know our family love to
be odd." (p. 89.)

The reader will not have finished this volume without recogniring the
correctness of the portrait which Dr. Todd draws of himself : —

" I begin to find myself a strange compound of selfishness and generosity ; am-
bition, and indifference to man's opinions, a timid hare and yet a dreadnaught, -^
in short, such a fellow as you never saw before." (p. 272.)

The crowning excellence of this noted man is seen in the earnestness
with which he labored for the conversion of souls. Blessed be God !
many are the stars in his heavenly crown.

The Christian public will receive with joy and gratitude the Memoir of
Rev, Charles G, Finney} It is presented to us in the form of an auto-
biography. This remarkable man was bom in Warren, Conn., in 1 792, but
spent the greater part of his childhood and youth in Oneida County, New
York. He was converted at the age of twenty-nine, while he was ener-
getically following the practice of the law in the town of Adams, situated

1 See A. S. Barnes & Ca, p 346.

342 LUiraty RevUw. [April,

in the northern part of the same State. No portion of the book is more
interesting than the record of Mr. Finney's wonderful religious experience.

By means of this experience he seemed to be at once prepared for a
peculiar work. When we consider the relation of Mr. Finney as a preacher
to the community in which he was to move, his call seems to be as dis-
tinct as was that of Paul or Luther. Throughout that section of New
York in which he resided religion was at a low ebb, infidelity prevailed,
and the few churches in the region were weakened by the adoption of a
Hjrper-Calvinistic theology, presented in its most un^vorable form. Ap-
pointed as he was to change this state of things, Mr. Finney early developed
both his peculiar theological views and his peculiar method of presenting
them. He discarded much of the theology which was then prevailing and
drew his inspiration from the teachings of the Spirit and the study di the
Bible. He insisted especially upon the personal responsibility of the sinner
for his own guilt and his obligation to repent without a moment's delay.
Mr. Finney's legal training enabled him to present these doctrines with
extraordinary power. He addressed men, not like the preacher who has
learned his task in the schools, but like the lawyer pleading his cause at
the bar. A doctrine always powerful, novel in that section of the country,
and presented with all the new-bom power of the preacher, could not bcX
to produce its effect We are not surprised, therefore, to learn that it
aroused men in that community like the blast of a trumpet.

With the conversion of this young lawyer a new and mighty influence
was felt in northern New York, which soon made itself known through the
State and eventually throughout the country. The Old School Presbyte-
rians of the region made some feeble opposition to Mr. Finney's doctrines
and measures, but they were borne down by the tide of his increasing
success, and he was at length licensed to preach by the presbytery at
Adams in March, 1824. Powerful revivals soon attended his labors in
Utica, Auburn, Rome, Rochester, and many other places in the State.
The religious experiences of the converts were of a deep and thorough
character. A religious interest often begins with the young; but in every
community which Mr. Finney entered, men of intellect and power were
the first to feel his influence. Yet while he addressed the understanding
with irresistible logic, he was surpassed by few in the love and tenderness
with which he moved the affections. A wondrous moral power seemed to
go forth from the man, which at once melted the heart and convinced the
understanding.

As the sphere of Mr. Finney's influence widens, it becomes impossible
to recount in this brief notice the results of his remarkable life. The
opposition to his measures on the part of the New England churches, and
the methods by which he gradually overcame it ; the revivals which fol-
lowed his preaching in Philadelphia, Boston, and New York, in the latter
city resulting in the formation of the present Tabernacle Church; his
voyage to the Mediterranean, and the day of prayer at sea which gave
direction to all his subsequent labors ; the publication of his Revival
Lecturis and their effect upon the Christian world ; his two visits to Great

1876.] Literary Review. 343

Britain and the wonderful revivals which attended his labors in England
and Scotland; his great and successful effort, during the winter of 1843,
to rise to a higher Christian experience ; his noble labors in behalf of the
slave at a time when many good men were silent and afraid ; his early
connection with and absorbing interest in Oberlin College, until through
that institution he made his influence felt upon the world ; his beautiful
old age and peaceful departiu-e from the earth, — along these and many
other details of his eventful history the reader is carried with breathless
interest and almost dramatic animation.

It has been well remarked that a man performs not his best work
for the world through that which he does^ but rather achieves it indirectly
by means of what he is. Character is the only real wealth in the end,
and this truth may apply especially to the subject of the present memoir.
Pres. Finney has identified himself with the conversion and religious
education of thousands, and has left volumes to enrich our theological
literature, yet the present record of his religious experience may prove to
be his choicest legacy to the world; for while opinions are ever-changing,
t)|| human heart alone remains the same, and the movements of the soul
of this extraordinary man may interest future generations long after his
theological opinions shall have been forgotten. No one can read this
memoir without a better understanding of the nature of faith ; indeed, the
life of Mr. Finney is an answer to our Saviour's question, " When the Son
of Man Cometh shall he And faith on the earth ? " The spiritual heights
which have been scaled can be again ascended ; in such a man as Mr.
Finney the mystics of the Middle Ages seem to be reproduced ; in him
we behold a Bernard, a Loyola, a St. Francis, working on the Protestant
side. It may not always be safe for common men to imitate the great
originals ; it may be that some of Mr. Finney's methods are not prac-
ticable for the ordinary mind, but the resources which availed for him are
available for all. It lies, then, within the power of every one to place him-
self under the influence of that same potent and irresistible Spirit which
shall at once bear him upward to the loftiest heights of consecration, and
make him mighty to the pulling down of the strongholds of sin on the earth.

We venture to make one or two trifling criticisms. The style is gener-
ally more forcible than elegant, and is sometimes marred by needless repe-
tition. Mr. Finney has given us mainly a narrative of his labors in con-
ducting revivals ; we wish that he had interspersed it with more of those
details of private life and personal history which lend such a charm to the
autobiography of his noted contemporary, Dr. Lyman Beecher.

The book is well printed and its appearance reflects credit upon the pub-
lishers. A life-like portrait of Pres. Finney is prefixed to the volume.
Energy, decision, and benevolence are strongly delineated upon the face.

The associations of the centennial year are not necessary to give to
the Familiar Letters of John Adams and His Wife^ an interest to every
student of the revolutionary period. The issuing of this book the

* Sec Hurd & Houghton, p. 346.

SECOND SERIES. — VOL. VIIL NO. 2. 23

344 Literary Review. [April,

rather adds interest to this commemorative year. Mrs. Adams's letters
were first published by themselves ; then her husband's replies were given
to the public. Both works had become long since inaccessible; and now
that the two are united, and the letters are arranged chronologically, the
reading public will be specially gratified. The memoir of Mrs. Adams,
by her distinguished grandson, which precedes the letters, and the foot-
notes with which he has enriched the volume, add greatly to its historic
value. This domestic correspondence has a national character and
importance.

The History of the United States^ by Bancroft, has so long held its
place among standard works that it needs no descriptive or commendatory
notice ; but we would call attention to a new and revised edition which
the publishers are now issuing monthly, under the title of the " Centenary
Edition." ' It is peculiarly appropriate that this work should be brought
into prominence this centennial year. It is now more than forty years
since the first part of this history was given to the public An entire year
has been devoted by the accomplished author to the revision of the work,
and hence, in the present edition, we have the benefit of fresh material,
and the results of the criticisms to which previous editions have been
subjected. The number of volumes, as well as their size, having been
reduced, the price of the whole work is brought within the pecuniary
means of a large number of persons, while the substantial character and
good taste of the volumes commend them to alL

MISCELLANEOUS.

Among moral themes none is more difficult of treatment efiEectively, and
yet unexceptionally, than that of the so-called social evil. A recent book
on this subject, entitled Social Impurity ^^ is no superficial or careless pro-
duction; it is elaborate, learned, and judicious. Its successive chapters treat
of The Origin of Marriage, Adultery, Polygamy, Communism, Celibacy,
Foeticide, Divorce, Other Causes of Social Impurity, Popular Amuse-
ments, The Remedy. The discussion of these radical themes is delicate
and scholarly, fhe gospel is presented as the only sure remedy for the
destructive vice of which the author specially treats. Never was our
country in si|ch peril as now from the temptations and corrupting influences
which assail don^estic life. Vft commend this book to all who would avail
themselves of a treatise to aid then> in this branch of moral reform.

CifRiSTiAN scholars will feel an interest ii) the new Map of Palestine. It
is a complete counterpart of the celebrated large map by Professors Osbom
and Coleman, with corrections aijd a display of the most recent discoveries.
The region around Mt. Carmel is presented, with the results of the actual
purvey by officers of the Palestine Exploration Fund.

The map is four feet five inches long and three feet wide, mounted on
muslin, and is sold for five dollars.

* See Little, Brown & Company, p. 347.
» Sec J. J. Fleharty, p. 348.

1876.] Literary Review. 345

BOOKS RECEIVED.

Harper 6* Brothers^ New York.

The Chaldean Account of Genesis, containing The Description of the Creation,
The Fall of Man, The Deluge, The Tower of Babel, The Times of the
Patriarchs and Nimrod, Babylonian Fables, and Legends of the Gods ; from
the Cuneiform Inscriptions. By George Smith, of the Department of Oriental
Antiquities, British Museum, author of " History of Assurbanipal," " Ass3rrian
Discoveries," etc etc. With Illustrations. 1876. Royal 8va pp. 319. l4.oa

Notes Explanatory and Practical, on the General Epistles of James, Peter, John,
and Jude. By Albert Barnes, author of " Notes on the Psalms," etc. Revised
edition. 1875. I2ma pp. 405. 11.5a

Thrift. By Samuel Smiles, author of *' Character," '^ Self -Help," etc. X87&
i2mo. pp. 40a 11.5a

Athenagoras. Edited for Schools and Colleges, by F. A. March, ll. d. With
Explanatory Notes, by W. B. Owen, A. M. 1876. I2ma pp. 262. I1.75.

Elijah, the Prophet By the Rev. William M. Taylor, d. d., minister of the Broad-
way Tabernacle, New York City ; author of " David, King of Israel" 1876^
I2ma pp. 217. 11.5a

Christmas Stories. By Charles Dickens. With Original Illustrations by E. A.
Abbey. 1876. Quarta pp. 293. I1.25.

Why We Laugh. By Samuel S. Cox, author of " Buckeye Abroad," " Eight Yean
in Congress," "Winter Sunbeams," etc. 1876. Z2mo. pp. 387. $i.5a

Through and Through the Tropics ; Thirty Thousand Miles of Travel in Ocean*
ica, Australasia, and India. By Frank Vincent, Jr., author of " The Land of
the White Elephant." 1876. i2mo. pp. 304. ^i.5a

Pausanias the Spartan. An unfinished Historical Romance. By the late Lord
Lytton. (Edited by his son.) 1876. i2mo. pp. 209. |i.oo in cloth. 50
cents in paper.

The Devil's Chain. By Edward Jenkins, M. P., author of " Ginx's Baby," etc.
1876^ Small quarto, pp. 163. 75 cents.

Bible Word-Book. A Glossary of Scripture Terms which have changed their
Popular Meaning, or are no longer in General Use. By William Swinton,
author of " Harper's Language Series," " Word-Book," " Word Analysis," etc.
Edited by Pro£ T. J. Conant, d. d. 1876. i6mo. pp. 106. $1.00.

The German Principia. Part I. A First German Course, containing Gram-
mar, Delectus, and Exercise- Book ; with Vocabularies. On the plan of Dr.
William Smith's '* Prmcipia Latina." 1876. i2mo. pp. 158. 75 cents.

Scribner^ Armstrong &* Co., New York,

Chips from a German Workshop. By F. Max Miiller, M. A., Foreign Member of
the French Institute, etc Vol IV. Essays chiefly on the Science of
Language. With Index to Vols. Ill and IV. 1876. pp. 565. I2.50.

Songs of Religion and Life. By John Stuart Blackie, Professor of Greek in the
University of Edinburgh. 1876. I2ma pp. 242. 11.5a

346 Literary Review. [April,

Robert Carter 6* Brothers^ New York,

Life and Letters of Hugh Miller. By Peter Bayne. 1876. 2. vols. Sra pp^

43i> 497* |i'50 P^r volume.
life and Labors of Duncan Matheson, the Scottish Evangelist. By the Rev.

John Macpherson. 1876. pp. 392. i2mo» 11.25.

The Gates of Praise, and Other Original Hymns, Poems, and Fragments of Verse.
By J. R. MacDuf^ a D. 1876. 32mo. pp.256. |i.oa

A. D, F. Randolph 6* Co., New York.

The Doctrine of Retribution. Eight Lectures preached before the University of
Oxford on the Hampton Foundation, in the year 1875. ^y William Jacksoo,
M. A., F. s. A., etc. |>oa

A. S. Barnes 6* Co., Neut York.

Memoirs of Rev. Charles (r. Finney, written by Himself. 1876^ 8vo. pp. 477*

|2.oa
A Treatise on the Theory and Solution of Algebraical Equations. By John

Macnie, M. a. 1876. 8vo. pp. 184. 12.5a

Hurd ^ Houghton, Neoo York.

Familiar Letters of John Adams and his Wife, Abigail Adams, during the Revo-
lution. With a Memoir of Mrs. Adams. By Charles Francis Adams. i87d
8vo. pp. 424. ;|2.oo.

Charles P. Somerby, New York.

The Chri!»t of Paul ; or, the Enigmas of Christianity. St John never hi Asia

Minor. Ircnaeus the Author of the Fourth Gospel. The Frauds of the Churdi-

men of the Second Century Exposed. By George Reber. 1876, I2ma pp.397*

I2.C0.

T. Y, Crowell, New York.

In the Vineyard : A Plea for Christian Work. By Rev. E. F. Burr, D.1X Au-
thor of " Ecce Coelum," " Pater Mundi," etc i2mo. pp. 454. |2.oa

yames R. Osgood ^ Co., Boston,

Life, Letters, and Journals of George Ticknor. Royal 8va Vols. I and IL
pp. 524, 533. I3.00 a volume.

The Habitations of Man in All Ages. By Eugene Viollet-Le-Duc. Translated
by Benjamin Bucknall, Architect With numerous Illustrations. 1876. 8va

PP- 394- ^S-oo-
Sights and Insights : Patience Strong's Story of Over the Way. By Mrs. A. D.
T. Whitney, author of "The Other Giris," " We Giris," etc 2 vols. pp. 677.
I3.00.

Vest-Pocket Series of Standard and Popular Authors. Snow Bound. A Christ-
mas Carol. The Vision of Sir Launfal. Hawthorne Courtship of Miles
Standish. pp. 82, 144, 78, 128, 95. 50 cents a volume.

Among my Books. By James Russell Lowell, a.m. 1875. i2mo. pp.380. |2oa

One Summer. 1876. i6mo. pp. 254. $i.5a

A Paying Investment By Anna E. Dickinson. 1876. i6mo. pp. 12a Iloc

1876.] Literaty Review. 347

IMUe^ Brown 6* Company, Boston.

History of the United States of America, from the Discovery of the Continent
By George Bancroft In six volumes. Thoroughly revised edition. lamo.
Vols. I and II. pp. 558* 59S. I2.25 a volume.

Roberts Brothers^ Boston,

Outlines of the Religion and Philosophy of Swedenborg. By Theophilus Parsons.
1876. i6mo. pp. 318. I1.25.

Henry ffoyt, Boston,

Will Foster of the Ferry. By Agnes Gibeme, author of "Not Forsaken," ete^
etc i6ma pp. 484. 11.5a

Up to Fifteen, and *<Only Me." True Stories for Boys. i6mo. pp. 41a |i.5a

The Great Salterns. By Sarah Doudney, author of •'Janet Damey," " Nothing
but Leaves," etc. i6mo. pp. 346. I1.25.

Now is Christ Risen : Poems for Easter Tide. Compiled by S. L. W. Eighty-
one Poems, Illustrated by Eight Vignettes. Full gilt i8ma pp. 1 16. I1.25.

Congregational Publishing Society, Boston,
Fred Wilder ; or, the Golden Rule. By Catharine M. Trowbridge, author of
*• The Skates," " Dick and his Friend Fidus," etc i6mo. pp. 228. |i.oa

Three Girls. By Mrs. M. F. Butts. i8mo. pp. 371. I1.25.

Being a Christian : What it Means and How to Begin. By Washington Glad-
den. 1876. i6mo. pp. 144. 75 cents.

Work and Wages. By Maria Bruce Lyman, author of " The Secret of Strength."
1876^ i6mo. pp. 336^ I1.25.

Things Common and Uncommon. By Mary Dwinell Chellis. i6mo. pp. 399* ^i*5<^

LitUe Rosy's Pets. By the author of " Little Rosy»s Travels," etc etc With
Eight Illustrations. 1876. i6mo. pp. 217. |i.oa

The Arabs and the Turks : Their Origin and their History, their Religion, their
Imperial Greatness in the Past and their Condition at the Present Time With
Chapters on the other Non-Christian Tribes of Western Asia. By Edson U
Clark, Member of the American Oriental Society. 1876. i2mo. pp. 326. |i.sa

American Tract Society, Boston.

The Secret of Strength. By Maria Bruce Lyman. 1876. i8ma pp. 207. |i.oa

Leaves from Sunday-school and Mission Fields. By Mary P. Hale, author oi
"Summer at Walnut Ridge," etc i8mo. pp. 130. 75 cents.

American Tract Society, New York,

The Story of the Hymns ; or. Hymns that have a History. An Account of the
Origin of Hymns of Personal Religious Experience. By Hezekiah Butterworth.
i2mo. pp. 256. $2.00.

Truths for the People ; or. Several Points in Theology plainly sUted for Begin-
ners. By William S. Plumer, D.D. I2ma pp. 227. |i.oa

A Pocket Concordance to the Holy Scriptures. i6ma pp. 235. 75 cents.

348 Literary Review. [April,

Presbyterian Board of PMuation^ Pkitadeipkia^ Pa.

Presbyterians and the Revolution. By the Rev. W. P. Breed, ix Dw i6iiia ppi
205. 75 cents.

Historical Sketch of the Synod of Philadelphia. By R. M. Patterson, Pastor of
the South Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia ; and Biographical Sketches of
Distinguished Members of the Synod of Philadelphia. By the Rev. Robert
Davidson, D. ix i2mo. pp. 128. 50 cents.

y. J. FUharty^ Cincinnati^ O.

Social Impurity : The Sin of the Worid in All Ages. The Caoses and ^
Remedy. By Rev. J. J. Fleharty, of the Central Illinois Conference, with an
Introduction by Rev. George W. Colman, of the Bureau Association. Cin-
cinnati, Ohio. 1875. i2mo. pp. 179. Ii.oa

S. C. Crigp <&• C3?., Chicago, JIU

Norse Mythology : The Religion of our Forefathers, containhig all the Myths of
the Eddas, systematized and interpreted. With an Introduction, Vocabulary,
and Index. By R. B. Anderson, A. M. Second edition. 1S76. Svo. pjk 473-

Am Crawford Grune^ Providence, R, /.

Eminent Authors on Effective Revival Preaching. Compiled by Rev. Walter P.
Doe. 1876. zamo. pp. 464. I1.25.

PAMPHLETS RECEIVED.

Halves. A Novel Na 454. By James Payn, Author of •• Walter's Word," etc.
8vo. pp. 126. 50 cents.

The Squire's Legacy. A Novel. No. 455. By Mary Cecil Hay. Author of
•* Old Myddleton's Money," •* Victor and Vanquished," etc 8va pp. 172. 7S
cents.

Victor and Vanquished. A Novel. No. 456. By Mary Cecil Hay. 8va ppi
145. 50 cents.

Owen Gwynne*s Great Work. A Novel No. 457. By the author of "The
Story of Wandering Willie." 1876^ 8va pp.119. 50 cents.

His Natural Life. A Novel. No. 458. By Marcus Clarke. 1876. 8va pp. 178.
75 cents.

The Curate in Charge. A Novel By Mrs. Oliphant Harper & Brothers. Na

459. pp. 76. 50 cents.
Carter Quarterman. By William M. Baker. Author of "Inside," ''The New

Timothy," etc etc 8va pp. 158^ 75 cents.

Robinson Crusoe*s Money. By David A. Wells. 1876. 8va pp.118. 50 cents.

The First Half Century of Dartmouth College. Bemg Historical Collections and
Personal Reminiscences. By Nathan Crosby, of the Class of iS2a Read
before the Alumni at the Commencement in 1875. Published by Request and
Order of the Alumni Hanover : J. B. Parker. 18761 8vo. pp. 56w

1876.] Literary Review. 349

A DiscouTse Commemorative of the Life and Character of the late Joseph
Eldridge, D. D., delivered in Norfolk, Conn., Tuesday, May 25, 1875, ^^ ^^^
request of the North Association and Consociation of Litchfield County. By
Noah Porter, D. D. 1875. Hartford : The Case, Lockwood & Brainard Com-
pany, Printers. 8va pp. 20.

Duty Contemplated as Due-ty, that which is due. By Myron A Munson, M. A«
Boston. 1S76. A Williams & Ca, 283 Washington St 8vo. pp. 16.

Manual of the Congregational Church in Westminster, Vermont, with a Catalogue
of its Officers and Members from its Organization to 1876. Bellows Falls :
Times Steam Job Printing Office. 1876^ 8vo. pp. 2a

The Financial Problem : How shall it be solved ? Speech of Hon. Elijah Ward,
in the House of Representatives, January 29, 1876. Washington : Congres- ^
sional Record. 1876W 8vo. pp. 18.

The Currency Question. Speech of Julius H. Seelye, of Massachusetts, in the
House of Representatives, Saturday, March ii, 1876. I2ma pp. 7.

Oar National Currency and The Money Problem. By Hon. Amasa Walker, LL. D.
A. S. Barnes & Ca New York, Chicago, and New Orleans. 1876. Quarto.
Flexible covers, pp. 63. 50 cents.

L The Excavation of Olympia. By Ernst Curtius. Berlin University, Prussia.
IL Ernst Curtius. By Robert P. Keep, ph. d., late United States Consul at
Athens, Greece. Republished from the International Review. November,
1876. Quarto. 25 cents. A. S. Barnes & Co., New York.

Hygiene in Architecture. Carl Pfeiffer. 8vo. pp. 24. Francis & Loutrel, Printers^
45 Maiden Lane, New York.

•• Spirit of *76." First Centennial Report, Financial and Statistical, of The Black
Valley Railroad, containing staggering facts for tax-payers and philanthropists,
being an Alarm Whistle to all obstructors on the Track of the Road. Boston :
Congregational House. 1876. i8mo. pp. 16.

Does the Bible favor Moderate Drinking ? Reply to Rev. H. M. Dexter, D. D. By
Rev Willi&m M. Thayer. i6mo. pp. 8.

Eleventh Biennial Report of the Iowa Institution for the Education of the Deaf
and Dumb, at Council Bluffs, to the Sixteenth General Assembly. For the
years 1874 and 1875. ^^^ Moines : R. P. Clarkson, State Printer. 8vo. pp. 42.

Oberlin Theological Seminary ; Annual Circular. 1876. 8vo. pp. 8.

Hints designed to aid Christians in their Efforts to convert Men to God. Cong.
Publishing Society, pp. 38.

Being a Christian : What it Means and How to Begin. By Washington Gladden,
pp. 144. No. I. What is it to be a Christian? No. II. Why should I be a
Christian ? No. III. How shall I become a Christian ? No. IV. How shall I
know whether I am a Christian or not ? No. V. When should I join the
Church? No. VI. But and If. Cong. Publishing Society.

Watch-Night Inquiry Meeting. By Dwight L. Moody. Cong. Publishing So-
dety. pp. 8.

United States Official Postal Guide. Revised and published Quarterly, by Au-
thority of the Post-office Department. Oct. 1875, *"^ J*"- ^^7^' PP* 3^» 266.
Boston : H. O. Houghton & Co. ; New York : Hurd & Houghton. Per year,
$i.5a Quarterly number, 50 cents.

3SO Ediicf's TaMc [April

EDITOR'S TABLK

7%£ BBU m Omr Scimls. — Tbe qoesdon as to the «e of tbe Bible in our
poUic idkOoU is sometiaies discussed as tlxjogh it stood alooe, and as tboiig^h it
isTolTed in all cases tbe rights of consdcDce. It oc^bt to be imderstood that this
qncstsoo is one of a class, and most be settled on some gcnenU principle which
wOl apply to tbe whole series of which it b Ofdj an example. There are those in
oax commonitj who bare banded tbemselTcs together not onlj to ezdode the
Bible from our schools, bat also to abolish the custom of baring a cha|dain in
cither House of Congress, or in anr of our State L^islatores, or in any depart-
ment of our army or navy; to secure tbe repeal of all laws rcqoiiing the sacred
obserrance of the Sabbath ; to do away with the custom of administering oaths
- in our Courts of justice; in a word, to obliterate ererythii^ Christian or religious
from our statutes or obsenrances as a nation. There are eridently two extremes.
Tbe one is the imion of Church and State, the other is the entire dlTorcement
of Christianity and our national life ; the one makes the State support the
Church, the other reduces the State life to the princi|des and dictates of that
man in tbe nation whose belief is nearest zero and whose moral sentiments are
at the lowest potnL Few Protestants in our country now desire a union of Church
md State. Has it come to this, that we are not only to receive the mibeliering
masses of Europe, but also to accommodate our national life to their demands ?
Tbe real design of the Romanists in opposing the use of the Bible in our schools
is not to exclude the Bible, but it is to break up our common-school systenu
Should we so far yield to their demands as to exdnde the Bible, then they would
assail our schools as infidel and godless.

With a delicate regard for what were claimed as the rights of ronsdenoe, the
Bible was excluded from the schools in Ohio ; and yet, after this was done, the
children of the Romish Church were taken out of the schools just as before.
Such is the testimony of Judge Taft, now Secretary of War.

We are sometimes told that if we yield to their demands, so far as the Bible is
concerned, we shall take away their strongest argument, and prevent the union of
their forces and those of the sceptical portion of our popul^ion against our public-
school system. But it should be seen that the school question does not have
reference to the Bible merely: it involves history and moral philosophy, and
possibly other studies as well.

Mr. Gladstone shows an appreciation of the far-reaching nature of the contro-
versy. In the bill introduced by him into the House of Commons for settling the
much-vexed question of Irish university education, the university is not only for-
bidden to examine in theology, or to appoint any professor or teacher in theology,
or modem history, or moral or mental philosophy (all of which fields the Church
reserves to herself), but it is forbidden also ^ to attach any disqualification to any
candidate in any examination by reason of his adopting in modem history, moral
or mental philosophy, law or medicine, or any other branch of learning, any par-
ticular theory in preference to any other."

Is our public-school system to be reduced to the teaching of reading, spellings
writing, geography, and mathematics ? Even within these narrow limits we may
have a controversy over our reading-books. In deference to the atheist, shall we
expunge from our reading-books all recognition of the existence of God ? Is there
not a safe standing-place between the two extremes ? Is nobody's conscience to be
respected except that of the man who has p>erhaps the least conscience ? Is not
that often called conscience which is in fact the will ? Are there no rights of
majorities, or are we to be govemed by a minority of one, and that one the least

1876.] Editof^s Table. 351

worthy to govern ? Shall we give up the Decalogue and the Lord's Prayer ?
Shall we cease to be a Christian nation because there are Jews and Pagans who
have come among us to avail themselves of the benefit of our institutions ?

The only way, as it seems to us, to settle the questions, of which that respecting
the Bible in our public schools is an example, is to respect the rights of the
majority. If any minority have really conscientiatu scruples, let them form a
municipality or a township by themselves, and manage affairs in their own way,
being restricted through legal enactments only by the fundamental principles of
morality. The land is broad, and God has given the population room to be aggre-
gated, if there be any necessity for it, according to its affinities. We do not
believe there is any necessity for it ; but if any party do believe it, their right is
to retire, rather than demand that the majority shall yield its rights to them.
We hear a great deal, of late, about the rights of minorities : it is time to insist
upon the rights of majorities.

Broad - Churchism, — At a recent installation service in Boston a Unitarian
clergyman stated, *' There are as broad-church men in the so-called Evangelical
denominations as there are among the Unitarians." Another, who engaged in the
same public service, added, " Formerly we found it necessary to remove the false
before we could present the true, but happily that time has now passed.*' Then,
alluding to those who are recognized as Orthodox, he asserted, ** When we enter
their churches we do not find that their preaching differs from our own." Similar
declarations to these have become somewhat frequent What do they mean ? In
our view they are wide from the truth. Whatsoever may be the case with a few
Unitarians, the mass of that denomination are farther from us now than ever
before. Here and there a man may be found in the Evangelical ranks who is
untrue to our standards, and yet is not manly enough to avow it, and thus sails
under false colors, yet the great mass of our ministry we believe to be sound.

How, then, are we to account for such statements as we have quoted above ?

1. The Unitarians know that they are losing ground as a denomination, and
feeling the need of some comfort they cherish the idea that they have essentially
modified other denominations.

2. Having for years denounced us, and having found it fruitless, they now hope
to influence us by flattery.

3. Having caricatured us for years they are just beginning to find out that we
do not believe what they imagined that we believed.

Their representations should lead us to beware lest in any changes adopted in
our style of presenting the truth we make the truth itself less clear or less effective.

Our Present Number, — We have made a change, as will be seen, in our
annual article on our *' Theological Seminaries." The object of the article is to
furnish not catalogues for the seminaries, but information for the use of the public
As arranged in former years the classes of students were kept separate, and in
order to find a given name it was often necessary to look in a large number of
places. Now it will be easy to determine whether a name is in the list, and if it
be there, to learn all the facts in the case.

** The Ministry and Churches of New Hampshire" involved an amount of labor
of which but few can form any conception. The expense of printing it is a heavy
tax on the Quarterly, as one such page of tabular matter costs for " composi-
tion " five times as much as a page of plain matter. Some of our readers, we fed
assured, will appreciate the article, as it will be of great value for reference.

'* Changes in Post-Office Address " are introduced for the first time. To the
perfection of this feature we need the thorough co-operation of our brethren.

352

Quarterly Record.

[Aprt^i

QUARTERLY RECORD.

OEUSOHES FOEMED.

1875.

ADA. TOWNSHIP, Km., Dee. 15, 29 mem.

bers.
BALA, K»n. (WeUh),Nov. 11, 22 members.
OKDAKVILLB. Kan., Deo. 25, 44 members.
MAKIONVILLB, Mo., Doc, 20, 11 members.
NORTH KAYNHAM, Mass., Dec. 29, 21

members.
BOCK FATX8, HI.. Dec. 2«, 17 members.
TBliJEUfi HAUTK, Ind., Dec. 28, 21 members.

1876.

BALDWIN, Minn., Feb. 20. 20 members.

BKLKN^AP, lo., 20 members.

BOSTON, MaM., Oliyet Ch., Jan. 12, 44 mem-
bers.

OHICAOO. III., Central Park Ch., Jan. 23, 33
mem Item.

EAST SULLIVAN. N.H.. Union Evan^U.
cal, Jan. 27, 'Ih members.

FRANKVILLB, Wis.. F«b. 10, 19 members.

0> >WW1B, lo., V members.

JACKSONVILLE, Pla., Jan. 9, 80 members.

KOSSIJ V\l CO., Ic, 14 mumhers.

LAM REllTON, Minn., Feb. 13. 14 members.

M.MNB, Minn., Feb. 20, 67 members.

MBPW.A Y, Oak. Ter., Jan. 23, 8 members.

MONMOUTH, Knn., 16 members.

ROSS TOWNSHIP, Kan.» 22 members.

BPRINQFIKLD, Mass., Hope Ch., March 15,
81 momberfl.

STOCKTON. Kan., Feb. 6, 16 members.

WAUPACA, Wli., 40 members.

WESTKllN, Neb., Feb. 23, 7 members.

WB8T HAMILTON, Neb., March 4, 18
members.

MUTISTEBS OBDAnrED.
1875.

ABBOTT, CHARLES H.,tothe workof the
MiiHstry in Huntley, III., Dec. 1. Sermon
by Rov. Lathrop Tnylor, of Wheaton.

BURGESS, UICHAKD M., to the work of
the Miiiiotry In Exira, lo., Dec. 23. Ser-
mon by Rev. John Todd, of Tabor.

CAMP, VVILLIAM L., to the work of the
Ministry In Chane, Mich.. Dec. 22. Ser-
mon by Rey. lUchard Lewis, of Lad-
ington.

DAVIKS, J. L., to the work of the Ministry
In Tynrho*. O., Deo. 9.

DOWD, QUINCY L., to the work of the
Mlni«try In Hudson, WIm , Dec. 8. Ser-
mon by Rey. Joseph F. Dudley, of Baa
Cliilre. Ordainlngprayer by Rev. Frank-
lin B. Doe, of Ripon.

EVANS. JOHN O., over the Ch. in Kings-
ton. Pa., Sept. 19.

KEYSBR. CALVIN, over the 8d Ch. in
Fall River, Mas*.. Dec. 28. Sermon by
Rev. E«lwln B. Webb, d. d., of Boston.
Ordaining prayer by Rev. William W.
Adamii, r». i)., of Fall River.

TODD. ALVIN E.. to iho work of the Mln-
islry In Stuart, lo., Dec. 23. Sermon by
Rer. Joseph W. Pickett, of Des Moines.

WHBBLBH, S. H., over the Ch. In Water ^^
bury, Vt., Dec. 16. Sermon and Ordain^
ing prayer by Rev. Onrille Qt, Wheeler^
of South Hero.

WILCOX, SETH M., over the Ch. in Terr^
Hnute, Ind., Dee. 28. Sermon by Rev.
Oliver S. Dean, of Indlanapulia.

1876.

ATWOOD, EUGENE F., over the Oh. in
Arcade, N. Y. Sermon by Rev. HJram
Mead, D. D., of Oberlln Seroinsrv. Orw
dainins prayer by Rev. David Uender-
son, of QainesviUe.

BUl'TNBR, ANDREW L., to the work of the
Ministry in Shelby, Mich., Jan. 13. ti«r^
roon by Rev. Leroy Warren, of Qraod
Kapids.

ELDREDGB, HENRY W., to the work oi
the Ministry in Becket, Mana., Jan. 18.
Sermon by Itev. Edward S. Fits, of Sonth-
ampton. OrdainInK prayer by Rev.
John H. Binhee. of Huntington.

OIBBS, JOSHPH F, to the work of the
Mlnlstf^ in Arcade, N. Y. Sermon by
Rev. Hiram Mead, D. D., of Oberlin Sem-
inary. Ordaining prayer by Rev. David
Henderson, of O^iinesvllie.

QRIOLEY, AUSTIN L., to the work of the
Ministry in Benzonia, Mich., Jan. 18.
Sermon by Rev. Leroy Warren, of Graad
Rapids.

GRIFFIN, JOHV A., to the work of the
Mlnlntry In Atkinnon. III., Jan. li. Ser*
mon by Rev. £. H. Smith, of Morrison.
Ordalnlnv prayer by Rev. Thomas Doag-
Iaa, of Cnrohrldge.

HAINES, SIMEON S.. to the work of the
Ministry in Maple City, Mich.. Feb. 23.
Berinon by Rev. Orange H. Spoor, of
Trnvprt-e City. Ordaining prayer by
Rev. John IVtiltt, of Benzonia.

ELALL, CHAKLKS L., to the work of the
Ministry in Yankton, Dak. Ter., Feb. 22.
Sermon bv Rev. George F. Magonn,D.D.,
of Iowa College. Ordaining prayer by
Rev. John P. Williamson, of Yankton
Aiienoy.

HINDLBY, GEORGE, to the work of the
Ministry In Avoca, lo. Sermon by Rev.
Joseph W. Pickett, of Des Moines.

JENKINS, DAVID, to the work of the Min-
istry in MonllccUo, Minn.. Jan. 19. Ser-
mon by liev. L. Henry Cobb, of Minne-
apolis. Ordaining prayer by Rev. Jesse

D. G. Stearns, of Clear Water.
MARSH, FilANK J., over the Ch. in Upton,

Mass., Jan. 26. Sermon by Rev. Henry
A. Wales, of Leominster. Ordaining

grayer by Rev. William T. Briggs, of
!Mst Douglns.
MERRILL, JOHN M., over the Ch. In North
Rldgcvilte. o., Jan. 12. Sermon by Rev.

E. K. Wllllsms, of Elyria. OrdainiDg
piayer by Rev. Hiram Mead, D. D., of
Oberlin Semlnarv.

MILTON, GEOiiGE R., to the work of the
Ministry In 8t. Cloud, Minn., Jan. 17.
Sormon by Rev. Edwin S. Williams,
of Minnenpollfl.

MORGAN, CHARLES L., over the Hope
Cb. in Springfield Maas., Mar. 16. Ser-
mon by Rev. William T. Eoails, of

1876.]

Quarterfy Record.

353

Spriogflftld. Ordalaiaff prmr by Bar.
Lather H. Cone, of 8pnnirfl«id.

PALMElt, A. B., to the work of the Minis.
irj in Boath WMre, N. H., Feb. 1. Or.
dnlnlnf prayer by B«r. Edward H. Oxae-
\tj, of Concord.

FITGUBK. O. W.. to the work of the Min-
istry in Randolph. N. T., Jan. 86. Ser-
mon by Rer. W. Oondit, of Jamestown.
Ordaining prnyer by Rev. Jeremiah D.
Btewariy of^Liitle Valley.

XmSTESS nrSTALLEI).
18T&.

BILLMAlf, Rar. Ira O.. ortr the Washing,
ton SuCb. in Toledo, O., Dee. 28. Ser-
OM>n by Rer. George R. Merrill, of
Adrian, Mich. Installing prayer by Key.
W. W. Williams, D. D., of Toledo.

HALL. Rer. ROBERT B., over the Chapel
Ch. in Cambridgeport, Masp., Dec 2».
Sermon by Key. lieiiMi Thoma«, of
Brookllne. Installina prayer by Rey.
William 8. Ksrr, of Cambrldffeport.

HOLMitS. Rev. THEODOKE J., over the
Ob. in Baltimore, Md., Dee. 15. Sermon
by Rev. WiUiam L Budington, d. i>., of
Brooklyn, N. T. Insuliing prnyer by
Rev. Lvman Whiting, o. O., of Pliilsdel-
phia,Pa.

J0HN60K, Rev. FUANE A., over the Ch.
in Chester, N. J., Dec. 16. Sermon by
Rev. KidMlaa B. Smiih, O.D., of Plain-
Held.

LAMB. Rev. EDWARD E., over the Ch. in
Collinfiviile, Ct , Dee. 28. Sermon by
Bev. Edward P. Parker* d. d., of Hart-
ford. Inaullinff prayer by Rev. Thomas
K. Davies, of Unlonville.

BOUTHOATE. Rev. CHARLES M.. over
the Ch. in Dedbam, Mass., Ore. 16. Ser-
mon by Rev. Edwin B. Webb, D. d., of,
Boston. Installing prayer by Rev. Au-

Enstus 0. Thompson. D. D.. of Boston
ligliiands.

1876.

BARTON, Rev. WALTER, over the 1st Ch.
in Lynn, Mass., Feb- 24. Sf rmon by Rev.
Samael K. Uerrick. of Boston. Insialllng
prayer by Rev. Francis V. Tenney. of
tfnngon Centre.

BENEDICT, Uev. WILLIAM A., over the
Ch. in Satton, Mass., Feb. 16. Sermon
by Rev. Jeremiah Taylor, d. d., of Provi-
dence. R. I. Installing prayer by Rev.
William T. Briggs, of East Donglas.

BSHRUNDS. Rev. A. J. F., d.d., over the
Union Ch. in l^vidence, R. I.. March 15.
Sermon by Rev. J. M. Manning, o.D., of
Boston, M!iiss. Installing prayer by B«y.
Thatcher Thayer, d.d , of^Newport.

GALIIOU^, hev. NEWELL M.. over the
Uxiversity Heights Ch. in Cleveland, O.,
Feb. 9. Sermon by Rev. Charles T. Col-
lins, of Cleveland. Installing prayer by
Rev. Jnmes H. Fairchild, D.D., of Ober-
lln CoIUgo.

CARRUTHKKS, Rev. WILLIAM, over the
South Ch. In Plttufield, Mass., Jan. 13.
Sermon by Rev. John E. Todd, of New
Haven, Ct. Installing prayer by Rev.

Samuel O. BnoUagbam. D. »., of Sprlng-
fleld.

CHANDLER. Rev. FliEDERIO D.. over the
Ch. in Kensington, N. H., Mwr. 0. Ser-
mon by Key. Jeremiah K. Aldrich, of
Rye. Innfalling prayer by Rev. Edward
Robfe, of Qreenlnnd.

COR WIN, Rev. ELI, d.d., over the Ch. in
Jneksonville. III., Feb. 10. Sermon by
Rev. Julian M. Sturtevant, D.D., of Jack-
aonville. Instnlhng prayer by Rev,
< diaries W. CUpp. of Waverly.

DICKINSON, Rev. WILLIAM E., over the
1st Ch. in Chicopee, Mass., Feb, 24. Ser-
mon by Rev. Washington Gladden, of
Springfield. Installing prayer by Rev.
Ell B. Clsrk, of Chlcopee.

EDWARDS, Rev. JONATHAN, over the
Ch. In Qrantville, Mass., Feb. 1. Sermon
by Rev. John O. Means, D. D., of Boston
Highlsnds. Insuliing prayer by Rev.
Edward Strong, d.d., of West Rozbury.

GOODRICH, Rev. D. A.. ov»;r the Ch. in
Windham, Vt., Jan. 12. Sermon by Rev.
Perrin B. Fisk, of Sprinfffieid. Install-
ing prayer by Rev. Earl J. Ward, of
Grnfion.

HERUICK, Rev. EDWARD P., over the Ch.
in Sherman, Ct., Feb. 9. Sermun by
Rev. Edward L. Clark, of Hnricm, New
York City. Installing prayer by Rev.
Henry Up«on, of N ew Preston.

MERRILL, Rev. JOHN L , over the Ch. In
North Chelmsford, Mass., Feb. 2. Sf rmon
by Rev. Ch irles Wetherby, of Nnshua.
N. H. Installing prayer by Rev. Horace
Parker, of Ayer.

PALlilER, Rev. EDWIN B., over the 1st
Oh. in Ipsw{'>h, Mass.. Jan. 12. Sermon
by Rev. Edwin B. Webb, d. d.. of Bos-
ton. Installing prayer by Rev. John
Pike, D. D., of Rowley.

PARSONS. Rev. HENRY M., over the Oil-
vet Cb. in Boston, Mnss., Feb. 16. Ser-
mon by Rev. William S. Karr, of Cam-
bridt^port. Installing prayer by Rev.
Luther H. Cone, of Springtield.

PAYNE, Rev. EDWARD B., over the Ch.
in Berkeley, Cal., Feb. 6. Sermon by
Rev. Thomas K. Nobl*», of San Kraficisco.
Installing prayer by Rev. George Mooar,
D.D., of Oakland Seminary.

BEAD, Rev. EDWARD G., over the 2d
Ch. in Bennington, Vt., Feb. 1. Sermon
by Rev. James G. Johnson, of Rutland.
Installing prayer by Rev. Hollis Road.

SNIDER. Rev. SOLOMON, over the Ch. in
Coral, Mich., Jan. 27.

WAUFIELD, Rev. FRANK A., over the
Union Ch. in Boston, Mass., Feb. 1. Ser-
mon by Rev. George H. Gould, D. D., of
Worcester. Installing prayer by Kev.
Jacob M. Manninir, d. d., of Boston.

WHITCOMB, Rev. Cyrus B., over the Ch.
in Sbelburne Falls, Mass., Feb. 22. Ser-
mon by Rev. W^a-ihington Gladden, of
SpringHeld. Installini? prayer by Rev.
KdWHrdE. Lamb, of 0 Ilinsville, Ct.

WIN8HIP, Rev. ALBERT K., over the
Prospect Hill Ch. in Somerville, Mass.,
Feb. 0. Sfrmon by Rev. John O. Means,
D. d., of Boston Hi^chlands. Installing
prayer by Kev. Horace D. Walker, of
Brideewater.

WOODWOUTH, Rev. WILLIAM W., over
the Ch. in Berlin, Ct., Jan. 6. 8<rmon by
Rev. John Hall, D. d., of New York Ciiy.
Installingprayer by Rev. Leavitt H. Hal-
lock, of West Winsted.

354

Quarterly Record.

[April,

icnnsTEss dismisbcd.

1876.

COR WIN, Her. BLT, D. D., from the Ch. in

Jamc'Siovn, N. Y.
Hk. WITT, Uev. JOHN, from tbe Central

Ch. in Boston. Maea., Dec 80.
ELLIS, Rev. J. F., from the Waahington St.

Ch In Toledo, O., Dec. 28.
OLKASOX, Hev. JOHN F., from the Ch. in

Wllliamabunr, Mhsh., Dec. 31.
HALL, Itev. UOBKUT B. from the Ch. in

Wolfeboro', N. H., Dec. 23.
HARRAH, Rev. CHAKLEB C, from the

Ch. In Brookfield, Mo., Dec. 27.
HELMEEt, Rev. CHARLES D., D. D., from

the Union Pork Ch., in Chicago, 111., Deo.

ao.

HYDE, Rev. CHARLES M., d.d.. from tbe
Centre Ch. in Haverhill. Maii«., Duo. 15.

J0Y8LIN, Rev. WILLI AK R., from the
Ch. In Ruwiey, Mast., Deo. 20.

IIAKTYN, Rev. 8ANUKOKD S., from the
Olive St. Ch. in Noahua, N. H., Dec. 17.

1876.

BARTLKTT, Rev. EDWARD O., from the

l»t Ch. In riuaflcid, Ma<^a., Jan. 28.
BOL»!>TER, Rev. WILLIAM H., from the

Ch. In Wi»casi>et, Me., Feb. 8.
BUSUNBLL, Rev. ALBBliT, firom the

I^avitt Street Ch. in Chiongn, III., Feb. 1.
KoCULLV. Kev. CHARLES G., from the

Ch. In Halluwcll. Me., Jan. U.
KOKONQ, Rev. THOMAH, from the lat

Cli. in IpMwieh, Mnas., Jan. 12.
PHILLIPS. Rev. DANIUL, from tbe Ch. in

North Chelmsford, Mnaa., Feb. 3.
TIMLOW, Rev. HEMAN R., from the Ch.

In Houthington, C , F^-b. 16.
WARPIELD, Rev. FKANK A., from the

2«t Ch. In Qret?nfield, Mas*., Jan. 18.
WILLIS rOxS, Uev. MAKTIN L , f rom the

l«t Cong. Oh. In Oaleabnr^, III., March 6.
WILSON, lUv. THOMAS, from the Ch. in

Stoughton, Maaa., March 13.

MISISTER8 KAS&IED.
1875.

BTTRR — HAMMOXD. In Andover, Maaa.,
Dec. 80, Rev. Austin H. Barr, of Frank-
lin, N. U., to Miaa Fannie T. Hammond,
of Andover.

KINNB— LAWRENCE. In Charlentown,
N. H., Dec. 27, Rev. George W. Kinne,
to Miaa Uoaabelle G. Lawienee, both of
Charlestown.

1876.

ALVORD — PARSONS. In West Gran-
ville, Ma«a., Jan. 12, Rev. Augnstun AI-
Tord, to Miaa Emily a. Paraona, both of
We*t GriDvllle.

HALL — CALHOUN. In Yankton Agency,
Date. Tcr., Feb. 15, Hev. Charlea L. Ilall,
of Springtiild. to Minn Emma M. Cal-
houn, of the Dakota Miaalon.

LB A V PIT — KELLB Y. In Oambrldgepoii,
Maaa., Jan. 10, Rev. Horace H. Leavltt,
of the Japan Miaalon, to Miaa Mary Kd^
ley. of Cttmbridireport.

SMITH — LAWSON. In Paw Paw. HI.,
Fe'i. 16. Uev. Oscar B. Smith, of Spring
(ireen, Wia., to Miaa Hannah Lawaon, of
Pftw Paw.

WAITE — HUNTOON. In Boaton, Maaa.,
Feb. 16. Uev. Henry H Waiie, of New
York City, to Miaa Carrie A. Huntoon,
of Boaton.

MIHISTE&S DEOEASED.

1875.

PRATT, Rev. ALMON B., in Camp Creak,
Neb., Dee. 28, in his 64tb year.

1876.

BOYNTON, Rev. JOHN, in F^ltoB, DeL,

March 1, In hia 76th year.
BEARD, Rev. SPKKCBK F., In Andofw,

Mr«8., Jan. 8, in his 77th year.
BURN A P, Rev. JOHN L.. In Weat Towne-

hond, Vt., Jan. 27 in his aith year.
BUSH.NKLL, Rev. HOKACK, D. D^ to

Hnrtf«»rd, Cl., Ffb. 17. In hla 74th year.
COLBUUN, Rev. MOSES M., in St. Joseph.

Mich., Jan. 26.
C0LI.I.V8, Rev. AUGUSTUS B., la Nor-

walk, Ct.. March 16. in hla 87th year.
DO.VALDSON. Rev. ASA, In Charlton, Io.«

Feh. 2, In hU 88th vear.
FISHKR, Rev. CAL)£B E., in Applctoa,

Wi«., Mnr. 19, in hla 61 Mt year.
HOOPEli, Uev. JOSEPH, in Bay City.

Mich.. Feb. 27.
PAGE, Rev. ROBERT, in West Farming-
ton, n., Jan. 12, in hie 86th year.
ROGERS. Uov. John, in S wanton, Vt.,

Fib. '20, in hia 4-51 h year.
TAYLOR, Uev. CHADNCEY, In Alfona,

lo., Feb. 29, in hla 72d year.

KnnSTEBS* WIVES DEOEASED.
1875.

GULIOK, Mr». EMILY D., wife of Bar.
Juhn T., in Kobe, Japan, Dec. 17.

1876.

ANTHONY, Mra. ABB1B, wife of the Rrr.

Gkeorge N., in Peabody. Maaa., Mar. 14.
ALCOTT, Mra. JANE M., wife of Rev.

William P., in Barton Landing, Vt., Feb.

4, inber87th year.
ELLIS, Mra. MARY A., wife of the laU

Uev. Manning, in Belfaat, Me., Jan. 12.
FOLLKTT, Mrs., MAUI A D. B.<wife of the

late Rev. Walter, In Hannibal, Mo., Jao.

21, In her 76ih year.
TYLER. Mm. NANCY W. W., wife of the

late Uev. William. In Auburndale, "

Feb. 14, in her 76ili year.

1876.] Changes in Post-Office Address cf Ministers. 355

CHANGES IN POST-OFFICE ADDRESS OF MINISTERS.

Tns following cbAHgM of addrett have oome to oar knowledge aince oar last iuae : —

Abbott, Sphraira B. P., Newport, N. H.
Alden, Edwin li., Albert Lea, lilon.
Allen, Frederick B., Boaton, Mnaa.
Anderson, D. K., Oak Creek, Wla.
Aptborp, Knfaa, Rock Falla, 111.

Ballard, W. J., Black Creek. N. Y.
Bnrber, Amzi I>., CUridnn. O.
Barnes, Urastns Hmitb, Poynette. Wis.
Bebrenda, A. J. F., Provldenoe, U. I.
Barton, Walter, Lyon. Mana.
Benton, Lcdyard E., Pebbles, Neb.
Bizby, Alanson, Oawego, Kan.
Blakealee, A D., Brownbelm.O.
Bowers G., WarrenTllle, N. J.
Brickett, Harry, HllUboro' Bridge, K. H.
Bridgman, Lewia, Hivenide, Dak.
Brown, Aaron, Ooolvtlle, O.
Brown, Jo^iah W., Westboro*, Maaa.
Bryant, Sydney, Waterford, Pa.
Barges*, Richard M., Ezira, Iowa.
Burr, Horace M., LaoeaTille, Ind.

Cady, C. Pidney, Bawsonvllle, O.
Camp. William L., Chaae, Mich.
Campbell. Jantea, Pincknry, Kieb.
Carpenter. C. C, 80. Pvabody, Mass.
Chesebrongb. Amos 8., New Hartford, Ct.
Cleavcland, James B., Kensington, Ct.
Oolo, Samuel, King»ville, O.
C 'vey, ,T. H., Princbar, Iowa.
Crane, Kondrlck H , Hariland, Micb.
Crawford, C. H., Osceola. N. Y.
Crawford, WUUam, Qreen Bay, Wis.

Davies, H. Bala, Kan.
Davies, J. L., Paddy's Ban, O.
Davles, K. R., Cameron, Mo.
Dickinson, Wm. E., Cbioopee, Mass.

Edwards, Jonathan, Orantville, Mass.
Egvleston, Nathaniel U., Oranby, Ct.
Eidredge, Henry W., Becket, Maas.
Bmmanael, Jos4, Satton, Neb.

Fairfield, Edmund B., Indiana, Pa.
Farrar, John A., Carthaire, N. Y.
Fcvnister, Z. S , Almartba, Mo.
Fli'tcher, Adin II., Portland, Micb.
Fra«er, John Nf., Mecca, O.
Frost, Daniel D., Fairfax, Iowa.
Fry, Holland B., Oarrettsville, O.

Oillesple, Thomas, Kenoeha, Wis.
Olcason, John F., Medford, Mans.
Goodrich, D. A., Windbum, Vt.

Hale, L., Pleasanton, Mich.
Haley. W. T., HollUter, Cal.
Hall, C. L., Springfield, Dakota.
Harrah, Charles C., Monroe, Iowa.
Harwood, Charles E., Orleans, Mass.
Hyde, Charles M., Congregational Hoase.

Jones, Enoch, Wnukesha, Wis.
Junes, John K., Audenried. Pa.
Jones, T. O., Coal Valley, III.
Jones, Samuel, Red Oak, Iowa.

Kaley, John A., Derby Centre, Vt.
Khioaid, WUliam, Oberlin, O.

Leete, Theodore A., Three Rivers, Maas.
Livermore, Albert, Now Richmond, Wis.
Lyman, George, Amherst, Mass.

Marsh, Frank J., Upton,

Mamh, William, Tallmadye, O.

McClenning, Oaoiel, Franee«town, N. H.

MoCuIly, Charle« O., Calais. Mo.

Mt-arfi, Luclen D., Danby, Vt.

Merrill, John M., No. RidgevU'e, O.

Miller, Ellaba W., Roekford, Mich.

Moore, Henry, K^nt, O.

Moore, Nathaniel 8., Clintonvillo, Wis.

Mnrehoose, Darius A., Melrose Hlghlandib

Mass.
Morgan. Charles L., Springfield. Mass.

Norton, T. S., Preseott, Maas.

Park. Willlnm E., Gloveravllle. N. Y.
Fatten, Wiillam A., Kingston, Vt.
rhlllipii, Daniel, No Clielm^ford, Mnas.
Pltober, Charles Wadsworth, Uandolpb,

N.Y.
Porter, Jeremiah, Fort D. A. Rnesell, Wyo«

ming Territory.
Porter, Samuel F-, Hnrroony, N. Y.
Preston, Joseph P., Kelley'a Island, O.

Read, Edward G.. Bennington, Vt.
Rose, Henry T., Milwaukee, Wis.

Sargent, Roger M., Harrlstown, III.
Bcoit, Charles. Springfield. Mass.
Snider Solomon, Coral, Micb.
Spell, W.. Greenwood, Iowa.
Sprague, Franklin M., Sparta, Wis.
Strong, David A., Colerainc, Mass.

Tenney, William A., Oaklnnd, Cal.
Tilion, George H., Wolfeburo*, N. H.
Todtl, James D., Wabasha, Minn.
Tomson. G. W., hllsabethport, N. J.
Towie, James AugUKtus, l'aino<ville, O.
Tuxbury, Franklin, Boaton, Mass.

Warfteld, Frank A., Boston, Mass.
Warner, Warren W., Vobv y, N. Y.
Wntaon, Albert. Humpstead, N. H.
Whitman. John S., Uercn, O.
Willey, Chnilofl, Newfield, N. J.
Williams, William D., Thompson, O.
Wlllif>ton, Martin L., Jamrstown, N. Y.
Wood. John, Wellesley, Mass.
Worden, Jesae A. S., Morgan Station, Micb.
Wrigbt, Samuel G., BrookvlUe, Kan.

356 American Congngational Union. [Aprily';^

THE AMERICAN CONGREGATIONAL UNION.

Quarterly Statement.

The following appropriations have been paid, being in full or in part,
since those reported in January, 1876 : —

Hennipen, ///. Cong. Church .... $450.00

Ropdhouse, " "".... 400.00

500.00
452.81
500.00
500.00
658.00
500.00
500.00

Cromwell, lowa^ " " ...

Sheldon, " ist " " (Special $52,81)

Council Grove, Kan, « " " ...

Alpine and Walker, Mich. " " " ...

Shetek SUtion, Minn. Bethel'< '< (Special $558)

Pierce City, Mo. " " ...

Sutton, Neb. ist " "

Enfield, iV. H. '* " (Special $1,624.53) 2,124.53

^6,585.34

Although there has been little, if any, falling off of the receipts of the
Union the present year, still the work of the Union is embarrassed for
want of funds. This arises from the fact that a large number of churches
to which appropriations had been pledged in months past, and which were
unable to complete their houses of worship then, have recently brought
their enterprises to a position where they could claim the payment of the
grant made by the Union. Thus seven churches have forwarded their
papers certifying that they have complied with the conditions on which
the appropriations were promised. The total amount pledged to these
seven churches is $2,650, while the treasury is empty. These churches
wait only that the treasury may be replenished.

Other churches will soon be claiming the grants made to them, and
others still are waiting an opportunity for having their applications con-
sidered. We plead in their behalf. If every church would make a
contribution to our work, even though most of the offerings were small,
we should be able to meet the wants of the destitute. Cannot every
church give something? What we need is general co-operation. He
who hath taught us to ^^ covet the best gifts " hath taught us also that ^' it
is more blessed to g^ve than to receive."

In existing cicumstances we appeal especially not for the West merely
but to the West Not only have the churches of the East been weakened by
emigration, many of them are now embarrassed by financial disaster. The
West is, comparatively, in a prosperous condition. There are, indeed, many
poor and dependant churches there. Other churches at the West are young
and have limited resources, but these can do something to encourage the
churches still weaker than themselves ; and the older and stronger churches
of the West, particularly, should feel, as it seems to us, that now is the
time for them to show their strength, their gratitude, and their beneficence.

Ray Palmer, Cor. Sec.^ 69 Bible House, New York.
C. CusHiNG, Cor. Sec.^ 20 Congregational House, Boston.
N. A. Calkins, Treas.^ 69 Bible House, New York.

Congregational Q^uarrcrly.

WiioLE No. LXXI. jrj V,

this .

lion

worl

hap? ,

then

aibl ....

^.- ..^. .;!^ . ■- - -

s'.'T;t ;li

la ac-.ion of gnod ir.t:u v-U" do,. :ri!i; .v

:o-'.--iiiei

11 ill i'ne iiaiuecf Chii^l, l.,jl'i \,; twini

ili'j vv^ir

■Id ilway^ rccu^ to' !!:ive fjcaenr-u v ;

i;:.i:,nai

:i...ns. 'I'hv'^o t msiik-rations [.i >'nv'

..f !,pn

wlvc H.Uiti: •vi.i.ia-, at aic iicv! <1 !i,.

■ 'tiail

-i^.tlteiy of lii^ Ci'.-ii'i-e^.ui'-'na! Ov,.-- ■

]i-:i

ci Clary, a .s..ii of Ai^d ,.ii.l i 'l. i.

'■. 1 m

liic town of C'-rv ■, , .\ia.->-., i v

\\ -,, (.,n

rorii\v joai- -.,1 .,is i\:;,^i :,-

N. v.. :

in-.i lixin:; his 1; r.lc ii. Ihf t-- .

..m^.'lf

aii'I Jiis fanii'v ..:■.!! tli.' .-..r'

LilC Wu

stern wii.icri^ s. !!■ w..., . . ■

., .11" 1

:rica.;scelleiic.-, ^M

'.-'M i...

iiilJ^.; Ch'l^ti.ui L ■■

*ji M .t

I-L-^'i.'r). VlI-V 'UlI.'!-:

THE

Congregational Quarterly.

Whole No. LXXI. JULY, 1876. Vol. XVIII, No. 3,

DEXTER CLARY.

The timely and effective efforts to establish Christian insti-
tutions in the new Western States, so rapidly developed since
this century began, have had an important bearing on the sta-
bility of our republic and on the progress of Christian civiliza-
tion universally. The men of faith and devotion engaged in this
work are worthy of some lasting memorial, — all the more, per-
haps, for the reason that their labors at the front have withdrawn
them from the centres of life, where the achievements of wise
and brave men are wont to be recorded as they pass. The
spirit and action of good men who do a true work for their fel-
low-men in the name of Christ, teach by example lessons which
the world always needs to have presented with new and fresh
illustrations. These considerations prompt the introduction
of him whose name stands at the head of this article into the
portrait-gallery of the Congregational Quarterly,

Dexter Clary, a son of Abel and Dolly (Baker) Clary, was
born in the town of Conway, Mass., Feb. i, 1798. When he
was four or five years old his father removed to Jefferson Co.,
N. v., and fixing his home in the town of Adams, identified
himself and his family with the early pioneers in what was then
the Western wilderness. He was a good man and true, a dea-
con of tried excellence, who joined hands with others like him-
self to infuse Christian elements into the unfolding civilization
of that region. Very tenderly and gratefully did the son, in the

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1876, by Christophbr CushinGi in the

Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.

SSCOND SERIES. — VOL, VHL NO. 3. 24

358 Dexter Clary. [July,

last days of his life, speak of that father's influence in his large
family, and recognize the grace of God in giving him such par-
entage and such nurture.

In his boyhood the young Clary learned, by the force of cir-
cumstances, to endure hardness, and to look upon life as a strug-
gle with difficulties and yet as presenting ends worth struggling
for. He acquired a good common-school education, and the
home training gave him a sound moral character and a knowl-
edge of religious truth. Then, when of suitable age, he en-
tered a store in Watertown to learn the practical rules of mer-
cantile business. Here he made good proficiency and evinced
that y?^/f///y which was always the peculiar characteristic of the
man, so that he was early charged with responsible trusts.

His thorough conversion to a religious life he dated at the
age of twenty-two or twenty-three. His soul was first stirred
by the preaching of Dr. Thomas McAuley, the eloquent Irish
preacher, then at the height of his power and fame in the city
of New York, who was called into the northern part of the State
to aid in revivals. But Mr. Clary was not one to be carried by
the mere force of oratory into the kingdom of God. A long
and intense struggle of mind followed those first impressions,
through which he was counselled and guided by a faithful pastor.
Dr. George S. Boardman, till, at last, subdued by the truth and
the Holy Spirit, he opened his soul freely to the grace of God,
and it came in and took full and abiding possession of his souL

Soon after his conversion, young Clary was sent to take
sole charge of a store in Sackett*s Harbor; but being soon
obliged by failing health to leave that post, he was brought to
another crisis of his life. His thoughts were much turned upon
the ministry. He pondered the question with his habitual care
and prayerifulness, till, convinced that God was calling him to
that work, he hesitated no longer. He entered at once on a
course of study, and had a year or two of academical instruction ;
but on account of his precarious health, his mature age, and
especially the ability already manifested to deal with the souls
of men on the subject of religion, he was advised to shorten his
course of study. He accordingly put himself under the care oi
the presbytery, and studied and labored for some time with
pastors as he had opportunity. He was drawn into much

1876.] Dexter Clary. JS9

active labor in revivals, which service was made fruitful Thus
encouraged, he received formal license to preach from the St.
Lawrence Presbytery in February, 1828, having just completed
his thirtieth year. In his later life he often spoke with some
regret of conscious deficiencies, because he had lacked the cul-
ture and discipline of a full course of study. It was neverthe-
less his prevailing conviction that he had done the best thing
in his circumstances ; and in view of the results we cheerfully
assent to the judgment that he did follow the call of God and
was blessed.

The text of his first sermon after licensure is significant of
that which was the direct and leading aim of all his preaching.
It was the Saviour's earnest question, " What shall it profit a
man if he shall gain the whole world and lose his own soul ? "
Mr. Clary always believed the Christian ministry ordained of
God, not to give entertainment, not chiefly to give instruction,
but to save the souls of men by their conversion to God ; and he
preached under that conviction, not in vain. His ministry began
just at the time when the Spirit of God was raising up new men
and prompting to new measures in that new region of Central
and Western New York, for wonderful works of grace by which
men in hundreds were transformed into new creatures in Christ
Jesus. Those influences gave cast to the spirit of the man and
the methods of his work for all his life. His sermons were not
formal essays ; very few of them were fully written out ; there
was in them nothing of a sensational character, nor did they
deal much with the emotions. He believed what are called the
Evangelical doctrines of the gospel to be eternal verities, and
he studied to arrange and press home the points of truth so as
to convince the judgment, touch the conscience, stir the heart,
and sway the will of his hearers.

Under a commission from the Western Domestic Missionary
Society, he labored for a year with some of the feebler churches,
everywhere gathering in souls as the seal of his ministry. This
experience led him for the time to choose the work of an evan-
gelist rather than that of a pastor. Accordingly, in February,
1829, just a year after he was licensed, he was ordained to that
office by Presbytery, at Watertown, N. Y. For the years next
following, he was abundant in labors through the country, from

36o Dexter Clary. [Jiity,

the outlet of Lake Ontario to Rochester and Buffalo, cross-
ing occasionally into Canada, sometimes taking the lead and
sometimes joining with others in " protracted meetings " for the
revival of religion. Thus he came in contact with those great
irevivalists, Messrs. Finney and Burchard, and was by them kin-
<Hed to fresh enthusiasm. Only with the disclosures of the last
•day can we know how many of his fellow-men this evangelist
won to Christ. Very often in after years, as he ranged over
the Western prairies, was he warmly greeted by those who
remembered him as their spiritual father in Christ, though he
had forgotten them.

In the autumn of 1832 an invitation came to Mr. Clary to
labor in Virginia. He thought it a call from the Lord, and
with his older brother, Abel, also a minister, started on the
long journey of four or five hundred miles overland for that
field. Through perils and difficulties, they made their way as
far as WiBcesbarre, Pa., where the violent and fatal sickness of
Abel arrested their progress. After the sad burial of his
brother among strangers, at the opening of the new year, Mr.
Clary made his lonely way back to his home. Not in the
Shenandoah valley of the sunny South, but in the great West-
ern valley of the Mississippi, had God appointed him a place
:and a service.

To gain a better furnishing for his work, Mr. Clary went, in
1834, to New Haven, Conn., and spent some months attending
3Dr. Taylor's lectures, and the instructions of some of the col-
lege professors, at the same time preaching in the city and its
{neighborhood as occasion called. On returning home, he
resumed his work as an evangelist, and March 24, 1835, was
married at Loweville, N. Y., to Mrs. Sarah Miranda (Williams)
Beardsley, who was, through all his subsequent years, a loved
companion and faithful helper, sharing in his joys and sorrows,
his toils, his trials, and his hopes, till by his death they are for
a season put asunder. Four of their children died in infancy ;
one daughter survives him, — the wife of H. P. Strong, m.d.,
of Beloit.

Soon after his marriage, he was called to the city of Mon-
treal, where for two years he preached with much success, till
the political revolution disturbed his relations and obliged him

1876.] Dexter Clary. 36 1

to leave. Then his thoughts were especially turned towards the
West While preaching as an evangelist, many urgent invi-
tations were extended to him to settle as a pastor, but he set
them all aside, under the conviction that he could then best
serve his Master in the office to which he was ordained. Now,
he met similar applications with the statement of a like strong
conviction that on the Western prairies the Lord would have
him seek his life-work. In 1838 he came out for a brief visit
to Rockford, and in the fall of 1840 he brought his family to
Beloit, where he fixed his residence, to remain till the day of
bis translation to the heavenly home. At that date there were
in Wisconsin only sixteen churches of the Congregational and
Presbyterian denominations, all told

For a year after his coming to the West his labors were
divided between the Congregational churches of Beloit and of
Rockton, three miles to the south. Blessed revivals attended his
preaching in both places. The little church in Beloit was more
than doubled in numbers as the precious fruits were gathered in.
Afterwards he gave himself wholly to the culture of that field ;
and in February, — that birth-month so marked in successive
stages of his ministerial life, — February i8th, 1844, on the com-
pletion of the first church edifice, Mr. Clary was duly installed
as pastor of the church. With what fidelity he performed the
duties of that office for nearly seven years, watching for the wel-
fare of his flock, and endearing himself to all who did not repel
his kindness, the eminent success of his pastorate well attests.
The church grew in numbers till it became almost the strongest
in the State. The whole community became distinguished for
its intelligence and high-toned moral and religious character ;
and this, more than anything else, determined the location of
the college here. To a stranger's eye even the external aspect
of Beloit bore a New England stamp, because of the Puritan
faith and habits which pervaded its people. To all these things
the pastor's influence contributed in no small degree. But the
most precious parts of that pastor's faithful work do not appear
on the outer surface. What he did in private, personal deal-
ing with souls, to convince of sin, to lead to repentance, to
bring into the full joy of God's forgiving love, to cheer in sick-
ness, to sustain in death, to comfort in bereavement, to stimu-

362 Dexter Clary. [J^y»

late parental duty, to sanctify the home, to harmonize discord-
ant elements, to rebuke wrong and encourage all right action,
— the full record of these things is on high.

For continuous ministrations from the pulpit to one and the
same flock, our brother's early training and habits had not
thoroughly prepared him. Of this he himself was conscious.
In due time he came again to his former judgment that his
greatest power for usefulness was in another kind of work ;
and when, in the providence of God, a new sphere for that
work was opened and offered to him, he cheerfully resigned his
charge to enter it Not without a pang to both parties was the
tie that bound him to his people sundered, for their mutual
attachment was warm and sincere ; but the trial was relieved
by the fact that the contemplated change would not prevent
his having still a home among them, and that attachment was
cherished till his death without in the least marring subse-
quent pastoral relations of the church. In September, 1850, he
tendered his resignation as pastor and entered the service of
the American Home Missionary Society, as its agent or super-
intendent for Wisconsin. His duties in this relation brought
into exercise all his best qualities, and required the benefit of all
his previous experience. He renewed again in part his work
as an evangelist, for one and another of the churches under
bis oversight gladly availed themselves of his help, which he
as gladly rendered, in special labor for the conversion of souls,
and the grace of God was with him still in those labors. Then,
too, his experience as a pastor fitted him to understand the
wants of the churches, and he had a quick insight into the
qualities of men, so that he could wisely guide the choices of
both the churches and ministers to bring them together. His
careful and discreet judgment made him a wise counsellor in
difficulties, and his simple sincerity and practical good sense
gained for him the implicit confidence of all with whom he had
to do. For twenty-two years he well fulfilled the office of a
bishop, in the careful oversight of the needy churches of our
denomination in the State, amid many exposures and discom-
forts, — never shrinking when duty called ; never reckless,
but in faith meeting issues as necessity required, trusting
always in the Divine guidance and help. In his work, he so

i87<Sl] Dexter Clary. 363

blended the wisdom, authority, dignity, and kindness of a
father, that spontaneously the title " Father Clary " was every-
where bestowed on him, and of its fitness none could doubt
The spirit with which he began and prosecuted and closed his
labors in this department is happily set forth in his own
words, as in the presence of the gathered churches in October,
1872, he laid down bis commission. He says : —

" I cheerfully left a beloved parish for ttke agency, under a
clear conviction that I was doing the Master's will I counted
the cost as well as I could. It was plain to my mind that
there was a shady as well as a sunny side. The facilities for
travelling were not as they are now, — not a railroad in the
State, and the carriage-roads not of the best Moreover, there
was a great variety in the field, in the people, thrir character-
istics and nationalities, in the forms of labor and the interests
to be consulted. All these were reasons why I should go
forth, looking upward continually for wisdom and strength.
This I aimed to do, and ' having obtained help from God,' I
have labored, going in and out among the brethren, their
churches and people, for these twenty-two years. I have pur-
chased no land, built no house, engaged in no speculation, and
devoted little time — perhaps too little — to study. My official
duties have been my one idea, kept so steadily before my mind
that I have been able, through grace, to say habitually, ' This
one thing I do.'

" I have travelled about loo^ocx} miles, to a considerable
extent by private conveyance. The number of sermons
preached fully equals the number of Sabbaths that have
I»ssed. Donations received and distributed have been more
than 5I.O0O a year ; and the work done in other departments
is in about the same proportion."

Those words " donations distributed," are very significant
They refer chiefly to the missionary boxes sent to his care,
through which the thoughtful beneficence of Christians r
tered material comforts to the scantily supported home t
sionaries. His remarkable tact and delicacy in correspondid
with both the donors and the recipients of these good thitB
encouraged benevolence in this form and gladdened hearts a
homes all over the State.

364 Dexter Clary. EJ^^y*

He goes on to say, " I expect to go to my grave with a
grateful recollection of my associations with the beloved breth-
ren and churches of A^sconsin, and to meet on the other side
the seventy or eighty ambassadors of Christ who have already
passed on before me, there to greet the coming of such as yet
remain, and to unite in praising God and the Lamb for grace
bestowed on us here and for the glory that shall follow, and all
through Jesus Christ our Lord."

The scene in the Convention which followed his farewell
address was one of great tenderness, never to be forgotten by
those who were present Warm and cordial were the responses
of the brethren, attesting their high appreciation of the man
and his services, and the loving regard in which they would
ever pray for his welfare and cherish his memory. While his
spirit was greatly refreshed, his weak nervous system was
almost overcome by the unexpected demonstration.

In the first year of Mr. Clary's pastorate the consultations
were begun which resulted in the founding of Beloit College.
He entered into those deliberations with all his heart With
mind and hand and purse, and, above all, with the fervent,
effectual prayer that prevails with God, he helped on the enter-
prise. He was elected at the outset a trustee, and at the first
meeting in 1845 he was appointed secretary of the Board and
a member and secretary of the Executive Committee, and in
these positions he continued till the day of his death. Here
he was always prompt in attendance, patient in deliberation,
sound in judgment, clear and positive, yet always courteous
and kind in expressing his convictions, precise in the tran-
saction of business, and accurate in keeping the records. The
hours which he thus gratuitously gave to the service of the
college, if reckoned up, would amount to many months of
valuable time, and probably not less than a thousand pages of
minutes were written out with his own hand. He took a par-
ticular, personal interest in the faculty and students, and it
was a peculiar joy of his later years to bring into the pastoral
office of the churches under his care not a few of those who had
begun their education for the ministry here under his eye, and
to help them in their work by his sympathy and counsel. Thus,
for nearly thirty years, this life was identified with the entire

18/6.] Dextir Clary. 365

life of the institution, and out along all the lines of influence,
which go forth from that seat of Christian learning to gird the
world in the interests of Christ's kingdom, the f^thful labors
and fervent prayers of this devoted servant of God will go,
yielding precious fruits more and more to the end of time.

Mr. Clary was a man zealous in good works, in all that per-
tained to the welfare of man and the glory of God. He was
ready with heart and hand to co-operate in every worthy cause
for the reformation of men's lives, for the suppression of in-
justice and the purifying of society. Early, persistently, and
fearlessly did be advocate the cause of temperance, of anti-
slavery, and of moral reform generally. His true heart and good
conscience made him, by the grace of God, one of those of
whom the poet sings : —

" Oh, blest is he who can diviae

Wrong to man's blindfold eye."

He never trimmed his course of action to suit the popular
sentiment, nor did he allow himself to be carried away into
the extreme of intemperate, unjust denunciation of those who
might not view things as he viewed them. But when his con-
victions were clear, he boldly proclaimed them and practised
as he preached, and meekly bore whatever of opprobrium or
abuse might be excited by the first attempt to correct men's
prejudices, and rebuke their ruinous vices or unlawful deeds.

In such lines of public service did the energies of this servant
of God find scope for useful action through a long life. Of
what he was in bis domestic and private relations, it may be
said that he was ever tender and thoughtful as a son and a
brother, true and kind as a husband, fond and faithful as a
father, gentle and winning as a grandfather. AU who knew
him as friend and neighbor and fellow-citizen wili carry in their 3^
memories the photograph of a man of singularly courteous and'fl
gentlemanly bearing, of strictest integrity in all his dealinga,*
of ready sympathy in all personal experiences, and of larg(
public spirit for the common good.

When the infirmities of age began seriously to impair hisi
activity of body and mind, Mr. Clary, with his habitual, prudent' 1

366 Dexter Clary. [J^y#

forethought, resolved to lay aside his responsible trusts. So, as
above indicated, he resigned his office in connection with the
Home Missionary Society ; but at the request of the committee
he continued to render such service as he could for some
months, till his successor was appointed, and after that per-
formed more or less of gratuitous labor up to the time of his
last sickness. Having also tendered his resignation as secre-
tary and trustee of the College, at the urgent request of the
Board he withdrew it, accepting some assistance to relieve the
burden of duty. His last months of waiting for the Master's
call were thus free from grave responsibility, but not void of
useful occupation.

The Lord gave him a very gentle passage down the last
decline, as, from the mere exhaustion of age and long service,
his powers gradually failed. When he was led in conversation
to review the leading incidents of his life, his soul would kindle
with the old enthusiasm, and it was a present joy that he had
not lived altogether in vain. Sometimes his feeling would be
chastened by the recollection of errors and weaknesses and sins,
and he was constrained to say, " Oh I it is nothing, — a marred,
imperfect work ;" then he would correct himself again : " No,
that is not right : some real service I have been permitted to
do for God and my fellow-men. By the grace of God I am what
I am. To Him be all the praise I There I rest." During the
last few weeks of his life the impaired functions of the brain
caused his mind often to wander vaguely; but in the lucid
intervals, his thoughts were clear, and reaching into the un-
tried future, clung confidently and hopefully to the grace and
promises of Jesus Christ his Saviour. In such an hour he
said, " My soul is full of the peace of God. I know whom I
have believed, and that He is able to keep that which I have
committed to Him, — my own soul and all these precious
interests."

On the 1 8th of June, 1874, in his seventy-seventh year, the
final summons came for the Christian's euthanasia, and without
a pang or a struggle he ceased to breathe, and was not, for God
took him.

A. L. CUAPIN.
Bcloilt Wisconsin.

18/6.] Congregationalism in Kansas. 367

CONGREGATIONALISM IN KANSAS.

[Note. This paper was read before the General Association of Kansas, at its
twenty-first session, held in the First Congregational Church, Leavenworth, June
9-14, 1875. The plan of the paper is to give a brief sketch of Congregationalism
in Kansas for the first ten years, from 1854 to 1864, and a still more brief summary
of results for the succeeding ten years, 1864 to 1874. In this sketch certain points
haTe been expanded to greater fulness, not as points of exceptional interest, but
rather as specimens of the whole.]

Congregationalism in Kansas goes back to the organiza-
tion of the Territory. It had representatives in the first bands
of Free State immigrants; it commenced the first mission-
ary operations, and formed the first church. Its ministers
and members were, most of them, drawn here by their sym-
pathy with the conflict that was impending and the principles
involved in it It is doubtful whether Congregationalism
would ever have had much of a footing here had it not
been for that conflict, for Kansas lies south of the " New
England zone,'' and in the regular flow of immigration would
have been missed by the Congregational stream. But that
contest turned the stream southward, and Kansas gained the
benefit of it In the struggle which gave this Territory to free-
dom, and freedom to the whole land, our churches and people
had their full share; and no history of Kansas can be com-
plete which leaves them out.

The settlement of Kansas commenced in 1854. The Amer-
ican Home Missionary Society, in the same year, commissioned
Rev. Samuel Y. Lum, of Middletown, N. Y., " to proclaim the
gospel in Kansas." He arrived in September, and com-
menced his labors at once, preaching, in Lawrence, the first
sermon ever preached to a white congregation in the Territory.
The place of assembly was the common boarding-house of the
town company, — a building constructed by setting up two
parallel rows of poles, binding them together at the top, and
thatching the sides with prairie hay. A traveller's trunk
formed the pulpit, and other trunks and the beds formed the
pews. Thus the gospel literally found a lodging-place in
Lawrence. A few weeks later a meeting was called to or-
ganize a church. The brethren sat around on trunks, — one
member holding the candle, another holding the inkstand, and

368 Congregationalism in Kansas. [July,

a third writing the creed, using his hat for a desk. Thus the
" Plymouth Church, of Lawrence" came into being with seven
members, — the first church in Kansas of any kind, except
among the Indians. Mr. Lum extended his labors to other
settlements, and supplied the colony at Topeka during the
winter of 1854 and '55.

The second minister arriving was Rev. Samuel L. Adair,
sent out by the American Missionary Association. He arrived
in Kansas City in October, 1854. He was detained there for
some time by sickness. After his recovery he proceeded south-
ward, and spent the winter mostly in exploring. In March,
1855, he commenced preaching in Osawatomie and neighbor-
hoods round about. With the exception of an interval during
the war, Brother Adair has labored at Osawatomie ever since.

In November of this same autumn, Rev. Charles £. Blood
commenced his labors among the scattered settlers on the Blue
River, four miles above Manhattan, and in the spring following
in Manhattan itself. Brother Blood's first sermon in Manhat-
tan was from the text, " These that have turned the world upside
down have come hither also." The services were held in a tent,
with trunks and beds for pulpit and seats.

These three brethren came in the fall of 1854, and their labors
extended from the Missouri border to the junction of the Kan-
sas and the Blue Rivers, a distance of one hundred and twenty
miles.

The year 1855 seems to have added only two to the ministe-
rial force of the Territory. In May, the following spring, Rev,
Harvey Jones arrived, and after spending some time in explor-
ing, located at Wabaunsee, preaching also at Zeandale and other
points. Rev. John H. Byrd came in June, and located in Leav-
enworth. He preached also, during this summer, at Easton,
Grasshopper Falls, and other points. At Grasshopper Falls he
preached before a single house was on the town site.

Although a number of preaching stations were occupied
and a large amount of faithful work done, no churches were
formed this year, and the church at Lawrence continued to be
the only one in the Territory until the beginning of 1 856. It is
somewhat remarkable in this changing country, that of the five
brethren who came here the first two years, four are still with
us. The fifth, Rev. Charles E. Blood, has gone to his rest

l87&] CoHgft^itimalism in Kansas. 369

The latter part of 1855, and most of the year 1856, was the
most turbulent period in the history of the Territory, The con-
flict had reached its height Two principles were struggling
for the mastery. The pro-slavery party gained possession of
the laws by importing voters from Missouri, and then sought to
enforce those laws by importing armed men from the whole
South, Bands of desperate men roved here and there, making
the highways unsafe, and even assaulting men in their houses.
Prominent Free State men were arrested and held for months as
prisoners, others were driven from the country, and many were
murdered. Brown, Phillips, Barber, Buffum, Hoppe, were only
a few ofthe many victims. To illustrate: Two ruffians are drink-
ing whiskey in a low groggery in Leavenworth. One of thfim
bets the other a pair of boots that he will bring in the scalp of
an abolitionist inside of two hours. He goes out on the Law-
rence road, meets a gentleman riding in his carriage towards the
city, deliberately shoots and scalps him in broad daylight He
brings the scalp in on a pole, and parades it through the streets
of Leavenworth, and is allowed to escape, wearing the boots he
has won. The Free State men, of course, had to arm in self-
defence, and skirmishing battles were fought at Franklin,
Palymra, Hickory Point, Osawatomie, Lecompton, and many
other places. Lawrence was three times invested, and once
sacked and plundered, and its hotel and printing-offices de-
stroyed. Osawatomie was sacked and burned. Thus things
kept going on from bad to worse, until Gov, Geary, by a strong
hand, restored partial quiet in the fall of 1856.

I am aware that this ts not exactly ecclesiastical history, and
yet it has a bearing on the history of our churches. While
this disquiet directly hindered all spiritual work, in a certain
sense many of our churches owe their character, and some of
them their existence, to this very condition of things ; for the
sympathy with the Free State cause, among Congregationalists,
was so strong and universal that many of them joined the
multitudes coming to Kansas to help that cause to vi<
Most of our older churches owe their existence and sti
mainly to this. Often a Christian colony would come tog*
and plant a church at once. Perhaps the most important
these was the far-famed Connecticut Colony. This

tant^^^^H
coloiq^^^l

3/0 Congregationalism in Kansas. [Julyi

was organized and led by Hon. Charles B. Lines in the winter
and spring of 1856. It was in connection with this colony
that the phrase " Beecher's Bible " had its origin. Mr. Lines
had invited Henry Ward Beecher to gfive an address on the
" Kansas Question " in New Haven, before the starting of the
colony for the " battle-ground of freedom." The object was
partly to raise money to pay contingent expenses ; but there
was no thought of rifles. At the close of the address, Pro£
Silliman, Sen., arose, and without any consultation, proposed
to " raise the money there and then to furnish fifty Sharpens
rifles to the company." He pledged one rifle himself, and
other men followed with similar pledges. Finally Mr. Beecher,
becoming interested, pledged twenty-five rifles (^625) for his
church, if the other twenty-five could be raised.

The company left New Haven seventy strong. They went
up the Missouri River by steamboat Others had been
molested on the way : they were not ; they did not purpose to
be molested. They were threatened, but neither harmed nor
hindered. They landed at Kansas City, and went " overland "
to Wabaunsee, about one hundred miles west They were
glad to find Rev. Harvey Jones, a missionary, already on the
ground, and he was no doubt glad to receive such a band of
helpers. Though there were a number of professing Chris-
tians in the company, they did not form themselves into a
church until the year following. Services, however, were
regularly maintained. In June, 1857, they gathered for the
purpose of forming an organization in a ravine east of the
town, beautifully sheltered by overhanging trees, and undis-
turbed by the " noise and clatter of the city." Here twenty-
eight covenanted together and sat down around the Lord's
table. This church continues to be the strongest rural church
in the State, and at one time was the largest of any in the
State ; but some of the city churches, with more material,
have now outgrown it

During a large portion of the summer of 1856 the Missouri
River was blockaded by pro-slavery men in Missouri, and all
Free State immigrants coming up on the boats were turned
back. But Yankee pluck illustrated the proverb that " where
there is a will there is a way," and that " way " was around by

1876] Congregationalism in Kansas. 371

Iowa and Nebraslca. Late in September a company of nearly
three hundred, from various parts, left Mount Pleasant, Iowa,
for Topeka, under the lead of a number of men who have since
been quite prominent in the history of Kansas. A few days
later they were joined by Rev. Lewis Bodwell and his brother
Sherman. On the loth of October following, they reached
the Kansas line. There they were met by the United States
marshal and three hundred United States Cavalry, and put
under arrest. The following day they were marched twenty-
seven miles under a strong military guard ; the next day, Oct
12, was Sunday, and they were marched fifteen miles to
Straight Creek, where they encamped. There in the even-
ing, by the camp-fires, Mr, Bodwell, a " prisoner of the Lord,"
tike Paul, preached to his fellow-prisoners his first sermon in
Kansas. His text was, " Lo, I am with you alway." The
sermon has not been handed down to us, but it would be safe
to venture the assertion that it had the Puritanic ring. No
painting has been made of that " night scene " on Straight
Creek. They were making materials for the historian and
scenes for the painter ; but it has been noticed that the histo-
rian and the painter never happen to be around on such occa-
sions as these. I can give you a pen-picture of Brother
Bodwell, however, as he appeared a year later, which, with
some changes, could be adapted to this occasion. It was
my good fortune to be along in December, 1857, when the
Free State tribes gathered for the first time at Lecompton.
They came to take possession of that stronghold of border
rufhanism ; they came prepared for emergencies, in squads
and companies from all quarters. From the West came the
Topeka Company, and with them Brother Bodwell. He
was riding his faithful pony " Major," whom all old Kansas
ministers will remember almost as well as they do ]
Bodwell himself ; he was booted and spurred, wore |
fitting cap, and had an Indian blanket pinned over h
ders; under the blanket were plainly visible the i
Sharpe's rifle and the hilt of a Colt's revolver. I did*
his Bible, but if you had searched him, I have 1
you would have found in his right-hand coat-pocket i
thumbed Greek Testament, which he always carried, and %

$72 Congregationalism in Kansas. [J^Xi

in leisure moments. I did not see him reading it on that
day, for he believed in a division of labor. He came to Le-
compton to "watch" : he would ",pray" at some other time.
His carbine and revolver were not carried altogether as orna-
ments ; for the firm setting of his lips and the flashing of his
keen black eye plainly showed that when he once felt in duty
called upon to shoot, it would be very unpleasant for some-
body. Years later, during the war, when he was travelling in
behalf of the American Home Missionary Society, he always
carried his revolver under the cushion of his carriage-seat, so
as to be at all times instantly available. He used to say, " If a
man carry a revolver at all, it is just as well to have it handy,
for I have noticed that when any shooting is to be done, it
makes all the difference in the world who gets the first shot"

I have gone ahead of my story a little in order to show what
kind of stuff these early missionaries were made o£ On
Monday morning, after that Sabbath on Straight Creek, this
company of prisoners resumed their march, still under g^ard,
and so continued until the 14th, when they were met by Gov.
Geary, near Topeka, and set at liberty.

On the second Sabbath after this, Oct 26, Brother Bod-
well preached his first sermon in Topeka, in Constitution
Hall, to a congregation of some thirty, sitting on boxes and
slab-benches. The Sabbath following, the Lord's Supper was
observed for the first time in the future capital of the State.
The church had been formed the July previous, and consisted
of nine members. Of these, only three were present at the
communion. Three were out of the Territory, one was sick,
and two were in prison at Lecompton, and could not come.

He continued laboring here for several years, working in a
variety of ways not always associated with pastoral duties.
Besides preaching, holding prayer-meetings, visiting the sick,
and burying the dead, he took vigorously hold of the work of
church erection. He was collector and treasurer, architect,
** boss carpenter," head mason, and laborer ; in the woods cut-
ting and hauling timber, in the quarry getting out stone, at the
kiln hauling lime, at the building superintending the work,
around the parish collecting subscriptions, at the East raising
funds : his labors were as various and apparently conflicting

1876.] Congregationalism in Kansas. 373

as often fall to the lot of men ; yet he could, without equivoca-
tion, subscribe to the condition of the Home Missionary appli-
cation, " that he had no employment save that of the ministry,"
for all these toils pointed to one end, — the building up of the
church. Twice he saw the walls of the church blown down,
and twice he rallied his people to rebuild them. In i860 he
resigned, and accepted the agency of the American Hom6
Missionary Society. After several years in this service he was
recalled to the pastorate of the church at Topeka, in which he
continued until the health of his family compelled him to
resign.

Rev. John H. Byrd, as before mentioned, came to Leaven-
worth in 1855. He preached under a tree, " not shunning to
declare the whole counsel of God." But while a few heard
him gladly, the mass of the people did not like to hear " the
whole counsel of God." They gathered around him while
preaching, howling and brandishing their bowie-knives, and
the wife of a Presbyterian minister offered to donate the eggs
to " egg him." He wrote for the New York Tribune, and one of
the letters dropped from his pocket and was picked up in the
street For this, a lawyer of the city one day pulled him from
his horse, threw him down, knelt on him, and tried to put out
his eyes, but was prevented by others. He lived on a claim a
few miles out of town. One night his cabin was surrounded
by " Kickapoo Rangers," and he was made a prisoner. Next
day he was taken, with other Free State prisoners, towards
Lecompton. A guard was placed over them with orders " to
shoot the prisoners if any rescue was attempted." They were
taken in wagons, with the guard mounted by their side. At
Lecompton he was put into a warehouse and kept under
guard. While here, one of Buford's Georgians tried to shoot
him. After a few weeks' imprisonment he was released on
demand of Gen. Lane, but it was some weeks later before he
could safely return to his family.

There were seven churches organized during this year, 1856.
Brother Blood organized one at Manhattan, Brother Adajrat
Osawatomie, Brother Jones at Zeandale. The 1
Topeka organized themselves. A Rev, Mr. Mord
little more is known, formed a church at Council'1

BKCOND lEBIEa.— vol. VIII. MOk 3. 3^

374 Congregationalism in Kansas. [July,

wards Burlingame. Rev. Horatio N. Norton formed churches
at Bloomington and Kanwaka. This brother, after one yearns
faithful service, was called up higher. Thus the close of the
year found eight churches in existence, with an aggregate
membership of not over seventy- five. The church at Law-
rence commenced their house of worship, and completed the
walls and roof.

There was only one church organized during the year 1857,
— that at Wabaunsee ; but there were other changes which
marked substantial advance. April 26, 27, and 28, this General
Association met at Topeka, — the first meeting of which any
record has been kept. There seems to have been a meeting
previous to this, however, for the association came together as
a body already organized^ received new members, appointed a
committee to remodel the constitution, and acted on business
already prepared. Nothing very definite can be learned respect-
ing this previous meeting, but there can be little doubt of its
having been held. Indistinct tradition points to a meeting in
Lawrence in the autumn of 1856, when an organization was
effected, and an adjournment taken to Topeka in April. Prop-
erly, then, this present meeting of 1875 is the twenty-first
instead of the twentieth. We suggest that the numbering be so
-changed as to truly represent the actual antiquity of our body.

The roll of the association contained the names of three min-
isters and three delegates, — Rev. Charles E. Blood, Rev. Har-
vey Jones, and Rev. Samuel Y. Lum, and C. C. Scofield, dele-
;gate from Bloomington, and H. W. Farnsworth and J. Ritchie,
-delegates from Topeka. Rev. John U. Parsons, Rev. William A
McCollom, Rev. Paul Shepherd, Rev. Jonathan Copeland, were
present and were received to membership ; and Rev. John H.
Byrd, Rev. Lewis Bodwell, Rev. Horatio N. Norton, and Rev.
Samuel L. Adair, though absent, were received on their written
application. So, present and absent, there were eleven minis-
terial members and three delegates. Rev. Charles E. Blood
was chosen moderator, Rev. Harvey Jones, temporary clerk,
Rev. Paul Shepherd, treasurer, and Rev. John U. Parsons, per-
manent clerk.

This little band took vigorous hold of the business before
them. They passed strong resolutions on slavery, the great

1876.] Congregaticnalism in Kansas. 375

question of the hour ; appointed a committee on the location of
a college, — the original germ of Washburn College ; another
committee to secure aid in church building, and another to
secure the appointment of an exploring missionary. They also
appointed delegates to all the Congregational bodies existing in
the United States and Canada, and issued a stirring address to
those bodies. The narrative of the state of religion is very
interesting, and in the light of after years, in some points, amus-
ing. It speaks of Ogden as a very important point, — " the head
of civil settlements, the seat of the Western land office, having
a Congregational society of twenty-two members, and being
about to build a church." " Quindaro has a vigorous colony of
Congregationalists, who have appropriated ^io,(XX> to build a
church, and offer a liberal support to a minister." " Lawrence
allows no liquor to be sold." According to this report there
■were eight churches. Three of these have become extinct, and
five still exist. One church was building, and three others were
preparing to build. The association adjourned to meet in Man-
hattan on the first Friday in October.

We notice several new names in these minutes. Rev, Wil-
liam A. McCollom resided at Manhattan and now resides at
Council Grove ; Rev, Paul Shepherd resided for several years
at Tecumseh without regular charge, but preaching as occasion
offered. Rev. Jonathan Copeland had just come to Kansas,
and after the death of Rev. Horatio U. Norton, a few months
later, succeeded him at Clinton and Kanwaka. Rev. John U.
Parsons, the permanent clerk, preached at Ogden, and was also
connected with the land office there. He afterwards preached
as an evangelist in Maine and elsewhere with marked success.

Another event occurred this year which, perhaps, is worthy
of mention. A year previous to this, there was formed at
Andover what was called " the Kansas Band." It owed its
origin to the brain and heart and pluck of Sylvester D. Storrs,
now our efficient superintendent of missions. At one t
1856, when the Kansas fever was at its height, the band r
bered about a dozen members, mostly of the middle claj
They met every Wednesday evening in No, 27, Phi
Hall, Brother Storrs' room, and held a Kansas prayer-raeetin
At these meetings, afler a season of prayer, letters and d

37^ Omgngationalisfn in Kansas. [July,

from Kansas were read and discussed, and plans talked over.
The next year, as the Kansas question became more settled,
the members were reduced to four. Before graduation, Dr.
Milton Badger, senior secretary of the American Home Mis-
sionary Society, visited them at Andover, and arranged the
terms of their commission. Soon after this their commissions
arrived, authorizing them to " proclaim the gospel in Kansas,"
and pledging to each ^600 a year. Arriving in Kansas in
the autumn, they went each to his own field. Mr. Storrs took
charge of that " colony of Congfregationalists at Quindaro."
He found there a house of worship nearly completed, and soon
gathered and organized the church. He also supplied Wyan-
dotte, and in June, in the following year, 1858, he organized
that church also. After laboring in Quindaro five years, he
accepted a call to Atchison. Here he found the church wor-
shipping in the basement of an unfinished building. There
were neither sidewalks nor steps. They had but few members
and a small congregation, and were known in the city, where
the flavor of border ruffianism still remained, as " the nigger
church." They were indeed " a feeble folk." Here he labored
five years, when he resigned, leaving them self-supporting,
with a fine church, finished and accessible, and furnished with
organ and bell. For several years past he has served the
American Home Missionary Society as superintendent of
missions.

Rev. Grosvenor C. Morse went to Emporia, then the south-
western frontier. Here he labored most of his life, organizing
the church, building the house of worship, mainly by his own
efforts, elevating the schools of the county, as county superin-
tendent, and almost bringing into being the State Normal
School at that place. After nearly thirteen years of hard and
faithful service, by a sad accident his life and labors were
terminated.

Rev. Roswell D. Parker went to Leavenworth, which was by
far the largest and most promising city in the territory. It
was growing with great rapidity, full of business and bustle,
and wild with the excitement of expectant greatness. It was
no easy task to get the ear of such a people. Coming as a
stranger, Mr. Parker saw he must make his own way. He at

iSTfi-] Cen^y^ationaiism in Kansas. ^77

ODce secured a hall on hia own responsibility, advertised his
services in the morning paper, and began his work. Gradu-
ally be drew around him those in sympathy with his move-
ment, and one by one he found the scattered Congregationalists
in the city, until he had about thirty on his list They were
strangers to each other, each thinking himself almost alone.
They were surprised some months aAer, when he brought them
all together at a social meeting, to find they were so many,
and delighted to find they were all in such good company.
Thus Mr. Parker continued preaching twice every Sunday,
organizing a Sunday School, starting a prayer-meeting, acting
as sexton, trustee, deacon, and clerk. When the church came
to be organized, in the March following, there were found
to be seven different denominations represented in its mem-
bership. After two years' sprvice at Leavenworth, Mr. Parker
accepted a call to the church at Wyandotte. Here he re-
mained eight years, during the most critical period of
Kansas history. During the war, Wyandotte, being on the
" border," was in constant peril from the " bushwhackers,"
whose hiding-place was only a few miles distant. Mr. Parker
took his turn on guard, many a night standing with bis musket,
watching for the foe. Almost every night the heavens were
lighted by some burning house in the region around, some-
times ten miles distant, sometimes not more than three or
four. Often large numbers of soldiers were stationed there,
especially sick soldiers. To these he did the work, without
the pay or name, of chaplain. He was also very active in the
temperance cause, and as the rum power was strong, this
provoked great opposition. At one election, thirteen rum-
sellers went around the streets in an electioneering wagon, on
which was painted in large letters, "No Parker Tyranny."
He took a deep interest in the founding of the church at
Kansas City, with the help of one or two other brethren sup-
plying it mostly the first year, going over Sunday afternoon,
paying his own expenses, and returning to Wyandotte' to
preach at night. With all this outside work, his own church,
nevertheless, prospered and grew. After eight years here, he
accepted a call to the church at Manhattan, where he still
remains.

378 Congregationalism in Kansas. U^^t

The fourth member of the band, Richard Cordley, dropped
into the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Brother
Lum at Lawrence.

As elsewhere stated, there was only one church formed dur-
ing this year, 1857, — that at Wabaunsee. The difficulties in
the Territory had changed, but had not grown less. Turbulence
had subsided, order had been restored, and the Free State cause
had become successful ; there remained little of the border
troubles, except their remembrance, and the uneasy characters
drawn here by them : but a feverish excitement still agitated
the public mind, and the wildest speculation pervaded the whole
Territory. The country had been filled up with amazing
rapidity. The excitement had drawn here all kinds of people.
There were the noble men and women who came to make
Kansas free, the curiosity-seekers who came to see it done,
the hungry army of speculators who came to fleece the heroes
at their work, the reckless adventurers who are always where
there is turbulence and a chance for plunder, and worse than
all, perhaps, the political adventurers who had been discarded
elsewhere, and came here to renew their fortunes, — all this
produced what Irving calls " a time of unexampled prosperity."
The highways were all thronged, the hotels were all full, and
tenements all crowded. Unpre-empted claims, with no im-
provements save the shakiest of " shake " cabins, sold for more
money than the same land brought ten years later as improved
farms. Cities were staked out every few miles, and corner lots
were the chief staples of trade. Lots in the city of Leaven-
worth were as high as in New York, and it was no uncommon
thing for men dealing in city lots to double their money in a
fortnight. Speculation, of course, ran wild ; money was loaned
at five per cent a month, and sometimes even as high as ten.
There was no manufacturing, little farming, and, in fact, little
regular industry of any kind. The whole structure of trade and
speculation was maintained by the inflowing stream of immi-
grants and visitors. When this ceased, the whole ceased, and
the prospective millionaires of 1857 were the stranded bank-
rupts of 1858 and *59. Such a condition of things, of course,
was not favorable to spiritual religion, and we are not surprised
to read in the narrative of the state of religion for 1857, " No

18/6.] Congrt^tionalism in Kansas. 379

revivals have yet been enjoyed, and but a solitary instance of
conversion has been reported."

The three years following were the opposite of 1857. The
bubble had burst, and everything declined. What were called
values shrivelled till they could be scarcely seen, and property
went as far below its worth as it had risen above it. People
were leaving almost as fast as they were formerly coming, and
the tide did not turn for three or four years, when a more gen-
uine prosperity slowly began to manifest itselt While, there-
fore, the first three years, from 1854 to 1857, were times of
excitement and peril to the missionaries, the three or four
years that followed were times of depression and discourage-
ment.

Still, very marked advance was made in the work of the
churches. During the year 1858 eleven churches were organ-
ized ; four of these have already been named, — Wyandotte,
Quindaro, Leavenworth, and Emporia. Rev. Oscar L. Wood-
ford, from the missionary work in the Indian Territory, began
to labor at Grasshopper Falls in the autumn of 1857, and the
year following organized the church there and secured the
erection of a house of worship. Trouble with his eyes soon
after compelled him to resign and return to Connecticut, very
much to the regret of his people. Rev. John H. Byrd, driven
by border ruffians out of Leavenworth, confronted them again
in Atchison, having obeyed the injunction, " If they persecute
you in one city, flee ye to another." In June, 1858, he formed
the church there. Rev. Roswell D. Parker, a little later, made
an apostolic tour through Brown and Nemaha Counties, and
finding disciples, organized churches at Albany and Hiawatha.
The church at Geneva, where a colony from New York and
Michigan had located, was organized in May under the pas-
toral care of Rev. Gilbert S. Northrup. A church was also
formed at Sumner, which subsided with the town, and another
at Minneota. the new-made c<U)ilB^K)li<^h also si)b.';iJed with
Minneola stock,

The first council that ev^^^^^^^^^^^^cnlled by the
church at Quindaro, for C
church, ordaining their mid
ivorship. To save work t

380 CongregatiofUilism in Kansas. [July>

to be ordainpd at the same time with Brother Storrs. The coun-
cil consisted of the pastor of the Topeka church, Rev. Lewis
Bodwell, the delegate of the Plymouth church, Lawrence, Dea-
con Henry E. Parker, and the agent of the American Home
Missionary Society, Rev. Samuel Y. Lum. Brother Lum was
moderator, Deacon Parker, scribe, and Brother Bodwell made
the motions. The examination of the candidates was, of course,
" highly satisfactory," and the vote to proceed to ordination was
unanimous. At the ordination in the afternoon Brother Lum
preached from the text, •' Take heed to yourself and to the doc-
trine," and at the dedication and organization in the evening
Brother Bodwell preached from the text, " Lengthen your cords
and strengthen your stakes." The council came on horseback, —
Brother Bodwell from Topeka, seventy miles ; the other two
members and one of the candidates from Lawrence, forty miles.
There being no house between Lawrence and Quindaro, the
council dined, in a body, by the wayside, at Wolf Creek, a
locality familiar to gentlemen of the " olden times."

It was the original plan to have the minister at Leavenworth
come also before this same council for ordination. But Leaven-
worth thought she was big enough to have a council of her own,
and was not obliged to depend on the rival city of Quindaro for
ecclesiastical grace. So another council met at Leavenworth
in March to organize the church and ordain the pastor. This
was a much larger council. When the members arrived, a
drenching rain and the absence of sidewalks made it impossible
to reach the places of entertainment, so they all spent the night
with Brother Parker, who, as a bachelor, occupied the second
story of a sort of a warehouse on Cherokee Street His room
was some eighty feet long, without plaster or partitions. On
mattresses, quilts, and blankets the brethren " bunked " around
the room in miscellaneous order, and the humor they were in
was not at all conducive to sleep ; in fact, they repeated the
experience of the British officers at Brussels the night before
the battle of Waterloo, so far as to proclaim, " No sleep till
morn." In the morning the sky cleared, and the council set
itself soberly to its work, and finished it. The services were
held in what was called " the stone school-house," a little, low
building on Seneca Street It had rough, awkward benches.

iST^.] CongrfgatioMoiism in Kattsas. 381

narrow, dingy windows, and walls and ceilingfrescoed withcob-
webs and smoke In such a room the church which now occu-
[nes and fills this beautiful edifice began its corporate life.

On the 8th of October, 1858, the General Association assem-
bled at Manhattan in what was properly its fourth meeting, A
large portion of the members went in a body from Topeka to
Manhattan, across the Potawatamie reservation, a distance of
over fifty miles. They took their meals under trees, and spent
the night among the Indians. There have been many larger
associations since, but never one more enthusiastic, industrious,
or harmonious. They took strong ground against Sabbath-
breaking, intemperance, dancing, and theatrical performances ;
they " resolved " to secure a Bible and tract depository in the
Territory ; they set aside the New York Tract Society, and
installed the Boston Society in its place ; they instructed the
Congregational Union as to how its grants ought to be made,
and hinted at a new policy for the American Home Mission-
ary Society in its work on new fields. They discussed the
question of benevolent institutions with great fulness and_^w-
ness; and if the New Haven Council, which had the same theme
before them last fall, could only have been present, it would
have been better to them than " three months' schooling." The
business, however, which occupied the largest attention was
the report of the committee on a college. The association de-
cided to locate the college at Topeka ; appointed a full Board
of Trustees and adopted a full set of rules for their government.
The association also appointed a committee on " a religous pa-
per." This committee afterwards published the Congregational
Record, issuing it in pamphlet form, at Brst quarterly, after-
wards monthly. This publication was carried on for eight
years, and though some thought it was a small affair, we now
find it contains the only record of those early days, and in fact
contains in itself materials for a very full and complete history
of our churches. The burden of publication, however, bore
heavily on three or four brethren, who had a large deficiency to
make up every year. Aftgr^ eight years they therefore discon-
tinued it. FortunftldHHHMMMkfanie into being just as
the Record died, ^jj^^^^^^^^^|tf|Dio bavg ,UM;.i:!emains
of the Record U

382 Congregationalism in Kansas. [July,

Turning to the tables of that year we find twenty-one churches
on the list, all of which we have named except Burlington, which
we are inclined to regard as a myth. Of the twenty churches
known, fifteen still flourish, four have become extinct, and one
has become Presbyterian. These churches reported four hun-
dred and two members. Only one church, that at Quindaro,
had a house of worship completed. Eight churches were
building.

During the two following years, 1859 ^tnd '60, fourteen
churches were formed ; but the changes occasioned by the
war were such that only two of these maintained their exist-
ence. The ministerial additions of these years, however, were
quite important. Rev. George G. Rice from Iowa took charge
of the church at Hiawatha, and afterwards of that at Albany.
Rev. Jared W. Fox, from New York, settled in Ridgeway, his
present home. He soon afterwards took charge of the church
at Burlingame, with which he labored several years. Mean-
time he formed the church at Ridgeway. He also gave very
efficient help to many of our churches in seasons of revival.

Rev. Elkanah Whitney came from Michigan, and labored
several years almost all over Doniphan County, and there
resulted churches at Ellwood, Palermo, Troy, White Cloud, and
Highland. The last two only remain.

Rev. James D. Liggett, having spent eight years in the
legal and editorial professions, had entered the ministry, and
now sought his field of labor in Kansas, coming to the Terri-
tory on a travelling tour in 1859. He was at once unanimously
called by the church at Leavenworth, from which Mr. Parker
had just removed. He was installed pastor Sept 17, 1859, —
the first case of installation in Kansas. Under his administra-
tion their present church building was erected, with a heavy
debt, — and then the debt was paid. Afterwards the house
was enlarged and remodelled, and furnished complete as it now
stands. The church itself, meanwhile, advanced from depen-
dence to self-support, and became the largest and strongest
church in the State. After a pastorate of nearly eleven years,
he resigned in 1870, having seen his church increase from
thirty-three to over two hundred members.

Rev. Peter Mc Vicar also made his appearance in 1859. He

1876.] Omgregatianalism in Kansas. 3S3

came on a visit at iirst, but his permanent settlement was only
a "question of time." In i860 he became pastorof the church
at Topeka. It was here, he tells us, while laboring as a " poor
home missionary," that he kid the foundations of that fortune
which has enabled him to live without a salary since he has
been president of Washburn College. What that fortune may
have been, we do not know ; but we do know he filled the pas-
toral office well, and did its work with marked acceptance and
success, as he does everything he undertakes.

There came to us also at this time one who stayed not long
with us, but who is worthy of note for what he has done and
become since. I refer to Rev. William Hayes Ward, now the
efficient editor of the Nrw York Independent. He came here
with the genuine missionary spirit, ready to go to any place
where he was needed. He took charge of the little forlorn
hope at Oskaloosa, and entered into the work there with all
the energy and enthusiasm of his nature. The health of his
family, however, compelled him in a short time to relinquish
his field.

The General Association in 1859 met at Lawrence, and in
i860 at Topeka. The subject of chief interest at both meet-
ings was sti]] the college, which received a new " local habi-
tation and name " at each meeting. The table of i860 shows
thirty-four churches and over six hundred members. This was
the memorable year of the " drouth," and a season of great
trial and depression to all the people. Our ministers, however,
all held their ground, and none of our churches " dried up."

The four years following were years of war, and complete
the first decade of our history. They were not years of large
growth. Only five churches were formed, and more than that
number expired; so that while in 1861 we had thirty-six
churches, in 1865 there were only thirty-two. The member-
ship increased less than two hundred, or an average of forty
a year for the State. Of the five churches formed, two were
among the freedmen at Lawrence and Topeka,

But though there waa^U|ij|l|M|MBfeflksse were not years
of stagnation, as those ^^^^^^^^^^^Bfvidly remember.
The history of our choj
and fertile theme by il

3S4 Congregationalism in Kansas. Uuly>

bership of our churches was in the array ; and two at least
of our ministers, brother Adair and brother Northrup, went as
chaplains. In the constant peril from invasion, most of our
ministers took their turn on guard with the citizen soldiery.
Olathe and other towns were sacked and plundered. Law-
rence was burned, and one hundred and fifty of her people
slaughtered in her streets. When the call to arms came in
October of 1864, to repel "the Price invasion," so far as we
know, every minister of our order responded, either going to
the border or staying in the trenches at home, according as
the orders were. We well remember the soldierly form of the
president of Washburn College, as he marched with the
" Topeka boys " to the " border."

Among the few new men who came to us during this period,
we can only mention the lamented Hooker (Asahel M.), who
labored at Grasshopper Falls, and after two years' service,
** died in the harness " ; and Brother George A. Beckwith, who
supplied first at Manhattan, then at Olathe, and then at
Neodesha.

Time will not permit us to follow the history of our churches
through the second decade, from 1864 to 1874. We can only
give a summary of results. At the end of the first five years,
1869, there were 49 churches and 1,606 members, and 587 had
been received on profession, and 642 by letter. At the end of
the second five years, 1874, there were 115 churches, contain-
ing 4,000 members, and 1,505 had been received on profession
and 1,948 by letter. In the whole ten years, there have been
2,057 received on profession, and 2,554 by letter.

As nearly as we are able to ascertain, there are about sixty
houses of worship in the State, which have been built at a cost
of over 1^200,000, and are most of them free from debt. Revi-
vals of religion have been enjoyed by many of these churches,
and over two thousand souls have been converted through their
agency. Large accessions are made to their membership
every year.

Washburn College has grown from a hope and a prayer
into a reality. It now has real estate worth 1^15.000, a magnif-
icent $60,000 building, and a productive endowment of over
$30,000. One of its graduates is already the successful pastor
of one of our churches.

1876] CmgregatioMiMsm in Kansas. 385

Thus we think we have, in our history as churches, fulfilled
the motto of our State, " Ad astra per aspera," — " Through the
storms to the stars." Through obstacles peculiar and unpar-
alleled, we have reached a success we could hardly have hoped
for fifteen years ago. We have been pennitted to do some-
thing, we trust, for our State, and share somewhat in what the
State has done for the nation. Having stood through the con-
flict while this work was being done, our churches still stand
prepared for larger and grander service.

" Through nuny daogers, toils, and snires,
We have already come ;
Hia grace has brought our steps thus far,
And grace shall lead us home."

RlCHARI) CORDLSY.
Lm^tnet, Xiaaas.

ADDENDUM.

The General Association of Kansas, after hearing the fore-
going historical sketch, felt that it would not be complete with-
out a more extended notice of Plymouth Church, of Lawrence,
and appointed a committee * to prepare a supplement.

It is worthy of mention that this church, whose origin and
early struggles have been so well described, has prospered and
grown until it has become the largest Congregational church
in the State.

Rev. Richard Cordley, a graduade of Andover Theological
Seminary, commenced his labors in Lawrence on the first
Sabbath of December, 1857. The membership of the church
, numbered only twenty-one or twenty-two, and a large part of
the pastor's support was supplied by the American Home
Missionary Society. Its first house of worship, then in process
of erection, was not fully completed until 1862, when the
church became self-supporting. The great loss inflicted by
the Quantrell raid, which occurred on the 2ist of AugusI
1863, obliged the church again to fall back on the Missit
Society for aid. Quantrell, whose bad fame has reachi
ears, with about three hundred desperadoes from Missoi
tered the town at about daybreak. They scattering all c
in bands, commenced to fire the houses and shoot down

• Rev. James D. Liggett

386 Congregationalism in Kansas. [July,

male citizen they met The attack was so unexpected that
the citizens were unable to concentrate for self-defence. In
five short hours the entire business part of the city and one
hundred dwellings were in ashes, and one hundred and fifty
citizens lay dead in the streets. Among the slain were three
of the most valued members of the Congregational Church,
and thirteen members of the congregation. The pecuniary
loss of the pew-holders of the church is estimated at $2$OflQO.
As a body they were insolvent

The residence of Mr. Cordley, with all its contents, was
burned, making a loss to him of more than tlyOOO, about one half
of which was made up to him by contributions from friends and
churches in the East He and Rev. Lewis Bodwell, who had
stopped with him for the night, narrowly escaped death. When
they discovered the raiders were in town and the main street
on fire, they closed the house and watched the movements of
the enemy ; but when a gang of six ruffians rode up to the
house on the opposite side of the street, they decided to wait
no longer. Mr. Cordley taking his little girl in his arms, and
Mrs. Cordley taking the arm of Mr. Bodwell, they walked out
through the back gate and along the street very deliberately,
in full view of the raiders, but providentially they were not
noticed, and as soon as possible concealed themselves behind
some favoring bushes and escaped to the woods. The well-
known reputation of both these brethren as abolitionists would
have sealed their fate had they been noticed in their flight.
Although the people of Lawrence were thus bereft of every-
thing, the times were prosperous, and proffered aid came
speedily from other places. Thus the people soon regained
their courage, and were at work rebuilding. With the re-
building of the town the church recovered its strength, and
in a few months was again self-sustaining. In 1868 a new
house of worship was commenced, which was finished in May,
1870, at a cost of about $43,000. The present membership
of the church is three hundred and sixty-nine.

Dr. Cordley, after a pastorate of nearly eighteen years, thus
honorable and successful, has just resigned, to accept the
pastorate of a church in Flint, Michigan, — a change which
is greatly regretted by all the churches of Kansas.

1876.] David Baeon, 387

DAVID BACON.

[CoDliDDed fiuB page iti,}

The next thing in Mr. Bacon's plan, and in directions given
by the trustees, was to visit the Indians at Arbrecroche. Only
fourteen days elapsed before he was embarked with his family for
Mackinaw. Seven days of pleasant sailing brought them to the
beautiful island, whence his voluminous letter was despatched,
bearing date three weeks after his arrival there. He had been
cultivating an acquaintance with the Indians, whom he found
far more numerous there than at Detroit, and apparently " more
sprightly, cleanly, industrious, and agreeable than those." He
bad not yet been able to talk much with them for want of an
interpreter, the public interpreter being a Frenchman who
could speak only a little English, and their dialects, whether
Ottawas or Chippewas, differing perceptibly from the dialects
spoken by the same nations at Detroit. He was hoping to
obtain the help of a young man whom he had lately seen, who
could speak both English and Indian well, an^ who had partly
agreed to serve " for his board and schooling." Without such
an interpreter, his progress in acquiring the Indian language
would be slow and difficult Having learned that the Indians
at Arbrecroche were having a drunken bout, and were in
respect to drinking and fighting no better than those at the
Maumee, he had not attempted to visit them without an inter-
preter. He deemed it doubtful whether the chiefs there would
permit him to reside among them. Two difhculties were to be
overcome, which had not before been mentioned : first, the
remaining influence of Roman Catholic priests, who had for-
merly been there; and then, the superstitious fear which those
Indians had in common with others, as if ministers were
another sort of conjurers with power to bring distempers and
sickness upon them. " But," said the missionary, " if I cannot
prevail on the chiefs to receive me, I mean to insist on their
letting me have a numi>er of tbwjO|mj|||a^cate here on the
island while I am learning i^^^^^^^^^^/j^tsX the
trustees should be alarmed aQ
added, "I shall require themj
and clothes." The conclui

588 Damd Baeem. [July,

** My present determiQa.tion is to remain aboat here till, in one way or
another, I get the Unguage, and, if I can get a good interpreter at a mod-
erate expense, be preaching through the summer to all the IncUans who
will hear me. As they are always absent through the winter. I must try id
that part of the time to be doing something to help support myself either
by a school (which must be small) or by some kind of labor."

Mackinaw was, at that time, one of the remotest outposts
of the fur trade. It was garrisoned by a company or two of
United States soldiers, and under that protection the traders
and the Indians could meet for the exchange of commodities.
The place could hardly be called a settlement ; it was little
more than a military and trading station. Mr. Bacon was able
to obtain what was considered a comfortable house, as houses
then were at that place, where the best houses, if my impres-
sions are correct, were built of hewn logs and consisted of
perhaps two rooms and a garret. But living was costly even
in the humblest style ; and the mission, it will be remembered,
was to be sustained without expense to the Society beyond
^250 for the year.

All the discouragements anticipated in that first letter were
realized. The missionary was there in obedience to orders, but
the Indians at Arbrecroche were not less determined than those
at the Maumee that no missionary should be admitted to live
in their villages. His letters preserved in the archives of the
Society, and the few private letters from him and from his
wife that have happened to come into my possession, show
what difficulties he encountered, and how he kept on hoping.
Through the summer his work was obstructed by the impossi-
bility of obtaining an interpreter, though the chiefs, so far as
he was able to communicate with them, showed no unfriendli-
ness. He was making what progress he could in the circum-
stances towards the acquisition of the language which he was

to use in his work. From a Dr. M , who was well versed in

that language, and whose wife was also familiar with it, he bad
received some indefinite promises of help in the difficult study.
He hoped that by means of a school for the children of the j
few white families on the island he might earn in the wintei
^150 towards the expenses of the mission. But as time weni
on, those expectations were disappointed. The friendly doctQ

1976.] David Bacon. 389

and Mrs, M were so busy with the gayeties and dissipa-
tions of the winter that they had little time to help the mis-
sionary and his wife in the conflict with Ojibway etymology
and syntax, though it appears that in the latter part of the
winter Mrs. Bacon had begun to spend much of her time with

Mrs. M for the purpose of talking with her in the

Indian language, — an expedient which till then had been
impracticable, because it had been impossible to hire a woman,
at any price, to do the work of the family. " This," said her
husband, " seems the only way of doing anything to purpose.
Mrs. Bacon will acquire the language by talking there much
faster than I should, and what she gets, I shall get of course."
But this hope soon failed. Mrs. M was prostrated by ill-
ness, and did not recover till the Indian trade, returning with
the spring, required all her attention. The school, too, by
which the missionary had hoped to support himself in part
while acquiring the language, did not entirely meet his expec-
tation ; it was continued four months, and then was closed for
the season, because many of the children were kept at home
for want of clothes, and because many of the parents found
themselves too poor to pay what they had promised.

A letter from my mother to one of her young friends in
Lebanon happens to be in my possession. It bears date
" Michilimackinac, Feb. 11, 1803," and beneath the date is a
memorandum, — " Just two years ago I left Lebanon." A few
sentences from it may help to fill out the picture of life in
Mackinaw seventy-three years ago.

"Mydear Jerusha, — I . . . Though nature has twice performed
her aoQual round since I bade farewell to the dear companioDS of my
youth, it seems not long since I was a happy resident io your thrice happy
village. 1 cannot, nor would 1 wish to forg«t the pleasure which I there
CDJoyed ; but, though you will scarcely believe it, I an:i far from being
wretched where I am. It is true that I am deprived of many privileges,
bat there are many things which still atford delight. I am favored with
the most excellent books, which 1 often read with pleasure. I have the

' This friend, Mias Biyley, afterwards Mrs. Little, gave a son, the late Rev.
Charles Little. tUt^/ttf^^jlliOfasj woik. Mr. Little was, fur some years, in
the Madut&|||ri^^^^^HBMb4L He, alter his mother's de:ith, gave ir
two old jM^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^Bk IB*<'K>'''aIs of her early

390 David Boom. U^Xf

satisfaction of believing that God fills Heaven and earth, and does not
confine the manifestations of himself to persons in particular places, but
condescends to reveal his glory to all who humbly and ardently desire it
. • . God has given me a dear son, and has hitherto smiled upon him
in a remarkable manner. ... I am anxious about his life, his health,
and trust that I am anxious also about his immortal part. I am (leased
to see his daily improvement, and am often diverted with his little, playful
surs. Oh, that I had that grace which is sufficient to enable me to train him
up for God I . . .

^ It has been impossible for us to get much assistance in the Indian

language this winter, as the gentleman who promised us assistance has

been constantly taken up with amusements, as is customary for all in high

.life here [high life being a little circle, 'about twenty-five on the island 'Jt

Card-clubs statedly, two evenings in a week for ladies and gentlemen, balls,

dinners, tea-parties, etc., occupy nearly all their time, the Sabbath not

•excepted. When I first came here, there were not so many people as at

.present A large number of troops have since been sent on, among whom

are several officers and their families. These are, generally, destitute of

sreligion. What a place must this be ! Could you be transported hither

.and hear the awful language which I daily hear, methinks you would be

filled with horror, and imagine that this is the place where infemals

jrave."

.So the first winter in Mackinaw wore away. On the I2th

'Of May, 1-803, the missionary received from Hartford the first

communication addressed to him at that distant outpost The

■letter itself, written by the secretary of the trustees, and dated

Feb. 10, has not been preserved ; but it was more than a mere

•copy of record. From the record, it appears that a special

imeeting of the Board was held on the 8th of February, the

^particular occasion being a communication lately received from

Rev. David Bacon, missionary to the Indians. A generous

.soul in Vermont, Mr. Solomon Goodell,* had made a gift of

imore than $\ooio the specific work of Indian missions. The

communication from Mr. Bacon, together with the evidence

which that contribution gave of interest in missions to the

heathen, seems to have produced a deep impression. It was

voted that ;$S00 should be "appropriated to the object of the

Indian mission for the current year." Of that appropriation

f 400 was to be remitted to the missionary, and the remainder

was to be subject to his order for the payment of certain debts

which he had been struggling to pay ever since he entered on

^ See ** Memoirs of William Goodell, ix a," pp. 11, 12.

1876.] David Bacon. 391

the mission. An explanatory vote was added that the appro-
priation should be " In full for Mr. Bacon's services for the year,
and for the payment of an interpreter to be hired by him," the
trustees having been distinctly informed that the wages of an
interpreter would probably be not less than % 1 50. At the same
time it was ordered that the secretary procure, at the expense
of the Society, three complete sets of the Connecticut Evan-
gelical Magazine (then in its third volume), and transmit the
same to Mr. Bacon ; ' and also " that the secretary procure the
last letter from Mr. Bacon to he copied at the expense of the
Society, and transmit a copy of it to Mr. Goodell," with an
assurance that his donation should be expended according to
bis request, and with the information that $500 had been
appropriated to the Indian Mission for the current year.

These extraordinary indications of interest in the work called
forth from the missionary a joyful response : " I am perfectly
satisfied, and most cordially approve of every measure which
our worthy trustees have adopted with respect to this mission.
The sum they have appropriated for the support of this
mission for the current year, though not more than will be
necessary, is greater than I dared to hope for, considering that
the most of the supporters of the mission are unacquainted
with the expenses of living in this country." Evidently it was
bis expectation, as well as that of the trustees, that a mission
to the Indians in that distant wilderness would be able to do
much for its own support. The Jjoo in full for a year's ser-
vice, with {150 deducted for an interpreter, could not have
been considered, either by the missionary or by the Board, as
anything more than a generous "grant, in aid" of his self-
sacrificing zeal.

"The spirited exertioDs of the veoerable Board of Trustees, and the
liberal donations which are made by the children of God who are ardently
praying for the success of the mission, loudly call for thanksgivings to the
Great Inspirer of every good design, and aAinl the highest encourage-

1 Nine months later Mr,
yet received the magaxina
opportunity to read them. For more thlA*
•eduded from the cirde of religious intelUj
We are extremely anzf
■ioauies in diSetent put* of the world.'

392 David Bacon. [July,

ment to hope that the Lord is about to do great things for these poor,
wretched, and long-neglected heathen. . . . The directors and support-
ers of the mission seem to have done their part, thus far, very faithfully ;
and as they have sowed bountifully, they will doubtless reap bountifully.
May that liberal soul in Vermont be rewarded with a plentiful harvest of
grace here and of glory hereafter ! I pray that I may not be left to coun-
teract these noble exertions by slothfulness as a laborer, or to waste by
unfaithfulness as a steward the sacred treasure that has been deposited for
such a benevolent and god-like purpose. . . . If the Lord were not sov-
ereign in the choice of instruments to be employed, as well as in the ends to
be answered, I could have no hopes of success unless baptized anew with
the fire of that love which is stronger than death. . . . But why is it
that I am so unprepared, when such great preparations are made in other
resoects ? Is it not because that for all these things God will be inquired
of; and the friends of the mission, depending too much on temporal means
and too little on his power and grace, have offered more money for my
support than prayers for my sanctification and success ? "

After describing the failure of the help which the mission-
ary and his wife had hoped for in their efforts to acquire the
Indian language, the letter proceeds : —

<< I have therefore tried to get a sober young Indian into the family, who
was much pleased with the idea of coming, as he is very desirous of
acquiring an education. But a trader, to whom he is indebted, would not
consent to it unless I would pay $50 for him. I was therefore obliged to
relinquish this plan also. The young fellow appeared extremely sorry, and
says that as soon as he has paid the debt, he will come and live with me
till he is qualified for mercantile business. I expect him in about a month.
He proposes to work for me a part of the time, and I am to pay him for
what he does. He is a young chief, of a very worthy and respectable
family, and is possessed of superior abilities. The worthy old chief
mentioned in my journal last fall * (an uncle of this young chief), lately
made me a present of a bark containing more than forty weight of the
finest maple-sugar I ever saw. After making a hole in the top, he cut it
open in the side to show me that it was all of the same quality, and
assured me that it was a * mokok ' of * sisebauquet ' that he had made on
purpose for me. I was pleased with the present, especially as it was an
expression of friendship which no other person on the island received
from him, though it is common for the commanding officer to receive such
presents from the Indians, especially from the chiefs. I suppose it was
owing to my having treated him with more kindness and respect, always
bringing him to my table, whereas if others fed him it would be in the
manner that we feed our dogs. We made him presents in return, to more
than the amount of what he would have sold it for.

^ That ** journal,*' like many other letters in the correspondence, is not now
found in the archives of the Society.

1876.] David Bacon. 393

^ Mr. — — — , who had offered me a hundred acres of land, and made me
many fair proposals, if I would go and live by the side of him, when I went
to draw writings revised to fulfil any of his promises, and would not suffer
me to come on to his land unless I would consent to give him my improve-
ments when I might leave them. I have therefore been making provision
on this island for my family. I have begun to build a log-house, a mile and
a half from the village. We have cleared a little piece of land, and are
now fencing and planting our garden. The land is the best on the island,
and full as good as it is at Arbrecroche, and the wood is chiefly taken ofi^
just there, by the citizens, so that the place is very suitable for an Indian
village. . . .

'' I hope to see my interpreter here within a month. As soon as he
comes, I calculate to go directly to Arbrecroche, and spend most of the
time there through the summer. My family will remain on the island.

" The Indians are very unwilling to part with their children ; but if it is
possible, we mean to take a little boy and girl to live with us till they are
of age, in order that they may hurry us forward in the language, and be
of service to us in other respects. I expect that most of the chiefs of
Arbrecroche will soon be here ; but for want of an interpreter that speaks
English, I shall not be able to say much to them."

About five weeks later (June 25) the missionary had another
opportunity of sending a letter. The young chief, Sigenog,
had been with him since the last of May, and was confirming
the favorable opinion already given concerning him. His
behavior in the family and out of it had been better than could
reasonably be expected of one " brought up in a heathenism
greatly corrupted by intercourse with what are called civilized
people." The time when Sigenog was one of our family is a
little beyond the reach of my recollection ; but his name was
a household name with us in my childhood, and I remember
vividly the copy-book filled with his neat penmanship and long
retained as a sort of keepsake. I may be permitted to tran-
scribe here some part of what was written about him at the
end of the first month : —

" He eats and drinks at our table, is very fond of our way of living,
tries to conform to us in everything, conducts with as much decency and
propriety as a white person, and is very modest, cheerful, and sociable.
• . . He has such an aversion to intoxication that he will not asso-
ciate with Indians who give way to it He has not slept out of the house
more than one or two nights since he has been with us, and then he was
with his near relations. He goes to the fort (a mile and a half from where
we now live) two or three times a week, but seldom stays more than three
or four hours, and often returns much sooner, with the complaint, ' Enish-

J9« DmMBmimu Drir>

atmiVv almifs.) He is vcrj faad of

■a— ci«j^ / «d r, bt k» ^ot

For ii> .1— If wr, I ham

he wM ■ake great pfpicifcy. ... As be

staol bbcr of asy load, I SB afcbd that be will set

Ivoi todooMciiatpreseflt. I

bisboofd; aad I dnakitfikeij that after be

babitcif voriciDc be win do aoi^ topojior bis

«s eztremel J pleased widi bim, poj bira dbe

we make modi more rapid ptoycss ia dbe

^Tbecbie£ibafCBOt met at dns pboe dns ^via^
wiDy as tbey are oot lifcel j to receive awy preseats
If mj interpreter [so loog n^otiated witb, aad so oftea riprrtrd ia
iraso] comes, I expect to go to Arbrccrocbe soow after be arrives. If be
does not come, I do aotseebut tbat I most remain bere tbis seaao% aad
improve mj time in leamii^ tlie hngaigr and in nnking preparation to
lighten the expenses of tlie mission^ by clearing aad cultivating a piece of
ground. • . . We five at present in a verj small log-boose, wbicb I
was obliged to build this firing. I am preparii^ a more convenient onc^
which wiD not be finished belbre another jear. We expect to spend the
winter in the village. I shall not raise moch of anything this jear. The
flies and worms have destroyed the most of my garden vcgetablesy and
what is worse, the most that are on the island."

The second summer at Mackinaw was wearing away, and
the prospect of success did not brighten. The attempt to ob-
tain an interpreter was continually renewed and continually
baffled. Probably it was a grave mistake to suppose that any
interpreter, however serviceable to fur-traders or to military
officers in such intercourse as they held with the Indians,
would be of much use to the mission beyond the aid he might
render in learning the language. Mr. Bacon's experience with
interpreters was teaching him that lesson ; and he was learn-
ing, at the same time, that no negotiation with chiefs, like that
which he had with Little Otter and others at the Miami, was
likely to open the door for him. He saw that success was to
be achieved only by establishing his abode in some convenient
proximity to the Indians, and beginning a new village for such
of them as might be induced to learn a better way of living ;
and he was gradually bringing his plans into accordance with
that view. In a letter written on the 27th of September, he

%

1876.] David Bacon. 395

expressed a feeling like that of the Psalmist, crying out, " Woe
is me that I sojourn in Mesech, that I dwell in the tents of
Kedar!" His latest communication from the secretary had
told him, incidentally, that in New England there were still
** revivals of religion in many places " ; and he could not but
think with sadness how far away he and those dearest to him
were from " sanctuary and sacramental opportunities, and the
fervent prayers and animating discourse of those whose hearts
are warmed with love to God and to the souls of men " ; he,
with his wife and her brother, and the little one just learning
to lisp an infant's prayer, the only worshipping household within
hundreds of miles. " How dark and gloomy ! . . . And
what adds to the gloom, there is little prospect that it will ever
be otherwise. There seems less hope with respect to the white
people than for the poor Indians who are so greatly corrupted
by intercourse with them." His soul was vexed with profane-
ness, drunkenness, licentiousness, absolute godlessness, all
around. Yet he and his family were not altogether friendless
there, nor without refined society. One of the officers in the
fort was '^ Capt. Dunham, who with his wife and brother and
one other person seem," said the missionary, '^ to be the only
people here who are willing to hear anything on religion."*

The want of access to the Indians was still more discoura-
ging. Without a competent interpreter, there would be no hope
of gaining anything from a visit to Arbrecroche. The inter-
preter with whom he had corresponded through a friend, and
whom he had so often hoped to obtain, had again disappointed
him. Finding another man who could speak both Indian and
English, he had attempted to obtain his help in the expedition ;
but that man's father and mother — the one a Jew and the
other a Papist — were unwilling that he should fulfil his en-
gagement, and he had reasons of his own for his reluctance.
The Indians, he said, had been for a long time carrying home

^ Capt (afterwards Col ) Josiah Dunham was a graduate of Dartmouth Col-
lege, 1789. After leaving the army, he resided at Windsor, Vermont, became
distinguished on the Federalist side in the politics of that State, and was emi-
nently useful there (and in his later years at Louisville, Kentucky) as the head of
a school for young ladies. His wife was Susan Hedge ; and it was in testimony
of grateful affection towards her and her husband that my eldest sister, bom at
Mackinaw, was named Susan Dunham.

396 David Bacmu [}iilj,

k^;s of rum ; not balf-a-dozen in die wiic^ village would be
found sober, and the drunken ones would be very troobksome.
Sigenog bad already made a similar representation ; and when
he saw Mr. Bacon ready to embark, and urging the interpreter
to go, he renewed bis remonstrance. " Father, if you think it
is best to go, I will go with you, but I think you had better not
go. I am an Indian, and I think I know Indians better than
you do. They have got a great deal of rum, and they will,
almost all of them, be very drunk. I am sure they will not lis-
ten to you nor mind what you say to them. I know they will
talk very foolish to you ; and I should not like to be there, for
I should not know how to bear it" The question, to go or not
to go, must be reconsidered, and this was the result

^ Finding on inquiry that the Indians had probably more than one
hundred nine-gallon kegs of liquor at Arbrecroche, knowing that nothii^
could be done with them when they were intoxicated, remembering hov
long I was detained with drunken Indians at the Maumee, where they had
not a tenth part of the liquor ; thinking that if I dragged a Jew or a Romaa
Catholic there against his will, he would not be likely to £iivor the pore
gospel of Christ, and finding Sigenog so much opposed to my going, I
reluctantly gave up the idea and returned home. . . . Another thought
which had weight with me was, that going among them at such a time
might create prejudices in their minds, which would be likely to prevent
my usefulness among them afterwards. I was also aware that my life was
in danger ; but considering how much had been expended and how litde
had been effected, and as I had waited so long for an opportunity, and was
afraid that the friends and supporters of the mission would be discouraged,
I believe I should have gone if Solomon [the interpreter] had been willing
to go with me."

No opportunity of friendly intercourse with those Indians
bad been neglected. An invitation sent through the head chief
to the five other principal chiefs had been ineffectual, though
the head chief had promised to bring them down for a confer-
ence. Two of the six were understood to be distinctly opposed
to the missionary's coming among them. " It is strange," said
Mr. Bacon, " if they are not all opposed to me, as I have none
to speak a word in my favor, and as I am dependent on the
French for interpreters, most of whom are undoubtedly doing
all in their power to prejudice the Indians against me." The
old chief, Pemenechaugun, Sigenog's uncle, had continued his

1876.] David Bacon. 397

friendly visits, and the young chief himself was at once a stead-
fast friend and a hopeful pupil.

" Sigenog is much respected by several of the principal chiefs and all
the best Indians, but the others are opposed to him, because he is trying
to be something more than an Indian, and is going to be a Kicht
Makoman (great knife), as they call the Americans. But he says they are
fools ; that they would rather be always drunk than to learn anything ; and
that he does not regard them. It is not in the power of Frenchmen or
Indians to persuade him away, though many of them have exerted them-
selves to the utmost. He has never gone to see his friends till very lately,
and seems much more fond of our company than of the Indians'. They
are always inviting him to drink, but he appears not to be fond of it, and
tries to avoid them as much as he can. He seldom goes out, and I have
never known him to come home intoxicated but twice (which could be said
of hardly any gentleman in the place), and then he had been with some
chiefs who were old acquaintance and would take no denial. ... He
is twenty-five years of age. He showed himself very brave in their war
with us (which he says was caused by the British, who were constantly
persuading and urging them, and giving them presents), and he is accounted
one of the best hunters in the country. ... On hearing my speeches
interpreted to him, he appeared highly gratified, and said he could sit all
night to hear such talk, and greatly lamented that Indians at Arbrecroche
were such fools. He seems fully bent on getting an education, is very
fond of writing, and improves as well in reading as could be expected
considering his age, that he has to begin where a child does, that he
understands not what he reads, and has no others with him to excite his
ambition. ... I spoke to him some time ago, to know if he would be
willing to go to Connecticut to get an education. The idea was very
pleasing to him, and his desire to go appears to be continually increasing.
I have told him that I would write to the trustees to know whether they
would be willing to take him, and he is impatient to know. He thinks he
could get another sober young Indian to go with him, if they would wish to
have two. Their education would cost but a trifle there to what it would
here ; and if Sigenog were there he would soon learn the English lan-
guage. He understands a good many words, but he will not be likely to
learn the language here, as we always speak Indian to him. . . • Sig-
enog is a great help to us in acquiring the language."

The next opportunity for sending a letter was not till Nov.
4. In the letter of that date, Mr. Bacon communicated the
formal answer which he had received from the chiefs at Arbre-
croche. Early in October, Pondegakauwan (the head chief by
birth), with two other Chippewa dignitaries, came to the mis-
sionary, and presenting to him a string of wampum, delivered
the following speech : —

398 David Bacon. [July,

<' My father, I have spoken to your children, to get them to listen to you,
but they tell me that they think they are too foolish to learn.

'< My father, we think the Great Spirit did not put us on the ground to
learn such things as the white people learn. If he had thought it proper,
he would have taught us such things when he put us here. My father, we
cannot live together so as to attend to these things like the white people.
The Great Spirit has given them cattle and everything about them that
they want to live upon. If they are hungry they have only to go into their
3rard and kill a creature. But he gave us no such things. He put us upon
the ground to run in the woods to get our living. When we are hungry,
we have to go away and hunt to get something to eat. If we set out in
the morning, we may have to run all day to find something, and we some-
times have to go without. My father, we hope you will be disposed to
give our people such things as they need. And we hope they will do bet-
ter in future. If it was not for rum, they would like what you have to say
to them very well. But rum is our master."

There being no interpreter at hand, this official speech, so
freighted with Indian philosophy, and so diplomatically non-
committal on the main question, was delivered to Sigenog to
be retained in his memory till a translation into English could
be made. Afterwards the head chief, in a less formal way, but
in the presence of his two associates, said something more
which Sigenog might report to the missionary : —

^^ If our father were to come and stay with us, so that we and our chil-
dren could run in and out and talk with him when we pleased, perhaps we
might learn something. Our children would get used to him, and it may
be that they would listen to him. But I do not know that it would be
best. Our father is a great man, and knows a great deal ; and if we
were to get to know so much, perhaps the Great Spirit would not let us
live.*'

• Although that official communication, with its unofficial
supplement, was on the whole as favorable as Mr. Bacon, with
his previous knowledge of the case, had expected, he judged
that the question whether to make the long-contemplated
attempt at Arbrecroche ought not to be decided without
further advice from his patrons in Connecticut. He therefore
proceeded to lay before the trustees, distinctly, the consider-
ations which occurred to him as having weight either for or
against the prosecution of the work at that point. The dis-
couraging considerations were very grave, i. Those Indians
were so near to Mackinaw and to the British fort on the island

i87&] David Bacon. 399

of St. Joseph, that they were constantly and abundantly sup-
plied with the means of intoxication, and the Act of Congress
prohibiting the licensed traders from supplying them was of no
effect. They were able to purchase as largely as they might
desire, bringing to those markets every spring their furs and
maple sugar, and in the autumn their corn and birch-bark
canoes, and whatever else had been the result of their women's
summer industry. At the same time they were receiving
from the British large annuities in goods, which of course
could be bartered away for whiskey. Consequently, the most
of them were half the time intoxicated, and there was no time
when all were sober. 2. Another obstacle was the influence
of the French Canadians, who were only one degree more
civilized than they, and with whom their relations were every
way intimate. Everything that those "bigoted, persecuting
Papists " could do to defeat the mission was to be expected.
3. " British influence " would be adverse to an American mis-
sion in that region. Already it was understood among the
Indians that the redcoat officers at St Joseph's were dis-
pleased with Sigenog on account of his living with an Amer-
ican missionary. While the British were expending some
thousands of pounds yearly for the sake of influence with the
Indians, hostility, either open or covert, must be expected from
that quarter. 4. Opposition from traders as such, whether
French, British, or American, was to be expected as soon as
the mission should seem to have any possibility of success.
It being the highest object with them to obtain the greatest
quantity of furs at the lowest possible rate, " they would not
be willing to have the attention of the Indians diverted from
the chase for the sake of saving their souls, while a paltry skin
was to be had " ; and every trader was aware that if they became
more temperate and more knowing, they would be much harder
to deal with. 5. There was discouragement in the fact that
those Indians had little acquaintance with the Americans, and
had received no favors from the Government. " Many of them
had seen Montreal, but none of them had visited Congress or
the States." It had been deemed important to conciliate other
tribes, by taking notice of their chiefs and by presents, but
those Indians in the far Northwest had been in some sort dis-

400 David Bacon. [July>

regarded. They were avoiding intimacy with the Americans
for fear of losing the more substantial friendship of the British,
and they were frequently telling Sigenog "that he would
receive no more presents from that quarter since he had
become an American." 6. Those Indians at Arbrecroche
were under some special influence from French priests at
Montreal. Some of them had been baptized by French
priests, and had learned to cross themselves, to count their
beads, and to repeat certain formulas. Between Arbrecroche
and a village of Romanist Indians near Montreal, there
were relations which might be a very serious hinderance to a
Protestant mission. 7. But on the other hand, it was a com-
mon belief among the same Indians that they had already
made trial of the white men's religion and had found no good
in it. " This," said Mr. Bacon, " is an objection that is in the
mouth of every one in this country, and it is thought to be so
conclusive that to make any further attempts is the height of
folly. Pemenechaugun gave me this as a reason for his con-
cluding that I should not be successful ; and I believe it is so
considered by the Indians in general"

Discouraging as these views were, the missionary found rea-
son to believe that it was not wise to withdraw from that par-
ticular field without a most thorough trial of its possibilities.
Nowhere north of the Ohio could success be reasonably hoped
for after an acknowledged failure at Arbrecroche. That neigh-
borhood, therefore, notwithstanding the hinderances, might be
the place for a beginning ; but whether there or elsewhere, he
would have no more negotiating with chiefs for permission to
preach the gospel : —

" If I am left to act for myself, I do not propose to ask their permission,
or pay them any other compliment than to inform them of my business and
that I should be glad to enjoy their friendship and protection. I esteem
the friendship of the principal chiefs to be of great importance, and would
spare no pains or reasonable expense to procure it by lawful means ; and I
have always made a point of inviting them to my table, and of treating
them with more attention and respect than they receive from any other
person. But there seems to me to be an impropriety in asking permission
of them, or of the rulers of any nation, to preach that gospel which Christ
has commanded to be preached to every creature. ... I know of no
instance in Scripture in which a faithful minister of God, when he had
received a message from the Lord of Hosts, went to any of the ruling

1876.] David Bacon. 401

powers of the world to know if he might publish it. The apostles and old
prophets acted prudently, and it is safest to follow their example. By our
doing so, the pride of haughty rulers would be mortified and we should be
exposed to persecution ; but it would be no matter, since God would be
glorified, his gospel spread, and souls saved. I pray that I may have
Christian fortitude to act up to these principles. • • • But should I be
found destitute of such courage and fortitude, I know I should be utterly
unfit to be a missionary to the heathen or a minister of Christ."

In a subsequent part of the same letter, the missionary, hav-
ing had occasion to mention that he had begun to clear a piece
of ground a mile and a half west of the fort and village, and to
begin the building of a log-house there for his own residence,
brought out incidentally but clearly the plan on which he was
proposing to conduct his mission : —

'' If I can get the Indians to listen to me, I think it will be necessary to
proceed upon the Moravian plan, that is, to begin a new village and draw
them into it as fast as they can be brought to submit to good regulations.
It would probably be in vain, and worse than in vain, to attempt to intro-
duce any new regulation in the old village at Arbrecroche. And if a new
village is to be built, I know of no better place than where I have begun.
Lines drawn south and west from my house to the lake will include about
a mile square of the best land on the island, and about all the wood except
what is reserved for the use of the garrison. As this land is the property
of the United States, we need not ask the Indians for it ; and if there
should be a prospect of success, it is likely that Congress would grant it to
the Society for their use, if they were to petition for it."

The same long letter gave some further information, which
might naturally make the trustees anxious for the future.
That modest log-house (twenty feet by thirty) for which Mr.
Bacon had procured the logs at some expense, could not, for
want of help, be put up in time to be occupied by the family
when obliged to leave the house in which they had lived
through the winter. A mere hut, about ten feet by fifteen,
built of poles and roofed with bark, had been their only shelter
from the last of May to the beginning of September, when they
returned to winter in the village, having had the offer of a
comfortable tenement, rent free, till the next May. But how^
in the mean time, was the log-house to be put up and made
habitable } That would cost more than he could foresee the
means of paying " at present" But it must be done, or else
they must move into the hut again ; "for," said he, "stables

402 David Bacon. U^Xf

rent higher here in summer than houses in Hartford.'' People
in Connecticut might think that such a house as he proposed
could be built without any expense worth mentioning, but in
Mackinaw the prices of window-glass, of nails, and of boards^
were such as Connecticut would be astonished at ; and no
house, however humble, could be comfortable without some of
these things.

The trustees might reasonably ask themselves whether the
cost of a mission to the Indians, on that frontier, was not
likely to exceed their appropriations for its support.

That young chief, too, of whom the missionary had such
hopes, — should the Board run the risk of some expenditure for
his education ? " Sigenog," said the missionary, " continues to
do well"

'' If he remains with us, I do not think it is likely he will ever be intoxi-
cated again. . • . He appears so perfectly honest that I do not hesi-
tate to trust him with an3rthing ; and he is so very agreeable that he is
exceedingly dear to us. He is very desirous of going to Connecticut to
obtain an education, and wishes to take a young Indian with him, who, be
says, is willing to go. ... I have frequently told him that he must
not depend on going ; but he will be extremely disappointed if the trus-
tees do not receive him, as he is fond of believing that they will. I sin-
cerely wish they may. I cannot but hope that he is designed for great
usefulness. It is thought very strange by every one that he should quit
his own people while in the midst of them, and that he should break off his
former habits and become so completely civilized in so short a time in
spite of the solicitations of bis friends and the evil insinuations of perfidi-
ous Frenchmen. He is thought to be very eloquent in his own language,
and if he were te become a sincere and zealous Christian, with but a mod-
erate education he would perhaps be worth half-a-dozen English mission-
aries among the Indians. I beg, sir, that you will let me know what the
trustees mean to do about him." *

^ '* Boards, forty dollars a thousand ; nails, half a dollar a pound ; glass, a
quarter of a dollar a pane.*'

' A letter from Mrs. Bacon to her friend Miss Bayley, was written the next day,
and gives some glimpses of the missionary family.

*' To visit good old Lebanon once more, to see and converse with those dear
friends of mine who still remain there, would afford me inconceivable pleasure.
No other earthly joy could equal it . . . But it is not often that I allow myself
the pleasure of visiting you even in imagination. When I bade farewell to Leb-
anon, it was without the least expectation of returning.

" I bade a long, a long farewell
To all I left behind ;
To flowery meads and shady groves,
And friends profusely kind*

l8;6.] D<^d Baeoiu 403

One point in that letter of Nov, 4 was faintly premonitory
erf what proved to be the burthen of the next letter. The
remittancea in support of the mission were made by the Com-
mittee of Missions, in orders on the treasury, payable to the
missionary, and negotiable with his indorseinent But the
committee seem not to have known how necessary it was that
those remittances should be made early in the season. " The
summer," said Mr. Bacon, " is the time to purchase goods here ;
and for ready money I can procure them much cheaper. . . .
This year my orders came much too late. I have sent them

" Behind I left aa aged pair,
Guides of mj youtUiil &xj%.
Ah, how it tore my aching heart
To give the last embrace I

" Where am I now ? Bejrond the lakea,
Beyond the Huron bay,
Far from my friendi, ^ from the land
Of ChiUliaii haimoay.
" Upon an iile in Huron'* lake
b pitch'd my humble tent,
Perhaps no more to be removed.
Till life, short life, ii spent
" But if my God hath thus ordained
And I return no more, .
No more behold those absent ones.
Whose loss I still deplore, —
" Then let His sacred will be done
Whose wisdom is divine ;
His seat be ever on the throne.
And at His footstool mine."

After these stanzas of what I remember to have heard my mother call (ia
descritring the diHerence between John Newton's hymns and Cowpet**) "bone*
made poetry," the letter proceeds : —

" Mr. Bacon has prop^Mcd (o the Miulonary Society to take Sigenc^, onr young
cbief^ and another Indian bo7,for the purpose of educating them. It was proposed
that Beaumont should accompany them as their guide and interpreter. Mr. Bacon
t^d me that I might go with them, if my desire to see my (Kendi would lead me
to encounter the difficulties and dangers which would alicnd such a jountey.
WM at first pleased, but have since ihoroaghly constdere<
would bean undertaking too great for me. ~ "
than we could afford. ... I can jabber Indian a
enog remains with ut, (hat we shall all learn to speak it
more attached to our Indian than he is to n
language^ and will probably be matter of it before me."

idered the wMUji^MtM
. the eupcn^^^^^^M
alitrle ncri^^^^^^^^H

404 David Bacon. [July,

all to Detroit [to be cashed], but I have not yet received more
than one half of the money. The consequence is that I have
been obliged to purchase goods on credit at a higher price,
and then to borrow money to pay my bills." Eighteen days
later (Nov, 22) he had opportunity for another letter: —

'' I have just received a statement of accounts from my agent at Detroit
(which I have not been able to obtain sooner), and find that my bills so
far exceed my expectations that I shall not be able to spare the money
[for the payment of old debts in Connecticut] till the following year. It
is painful to me to write thus, and I can hardly believe that it is so,
though I know it to be a fact. What makes it more strange is that I have
endeavored to get nothing that we could do without, and have taken the
utmost care to purchase at the lowest rate possible. Lest it should be
thought that we have been extravagant, I will mention as an instance of our
economy, that our common diet for morning and evening, last winter, was
bread and tea ; that but twenty weight of butter was used in the family
from November till May ; and that, in order to lay up butter for this win-
ter, we have made use of bread and sour skimmed milk sweetened with
Indian sugar through the summer. When I mention this, I mean to
except Mrs. Bacon, as I would not suffer her to conform to us in this
respect. Her health would not have permitted it I do not recollect that
I have purchased a fowl since we have been here, except in case of sick-
ness, and six pounds of poor beef (for which I paid a dollar) and about as
much pork, at a quarter of a dollar a pound, is all the fresh meat I remem-
ber to have bought since last winter.

** But so it is, my money is gone, and I am so much in debt that I shall
need all my pay for the ensuing year, and must practise the strictest econ-
omy in order to be clear of debt at the end of the year. And unless the
trustees will lend me $100 to enable me to build the house I have begun,
I am afraid we shall have to spend another summer in the little hut made
of poles and covered with bark, and which is without a window and not
worth putting one into, and is too small to be convenient for one person.
And in that case we should have to return to the village in the fall, draw
in whatever we raise and all our wood, nearly two miles, besides having a
great deal of trouble in making one of their dirty, shattered houses com-
fortable for winter, and in putting it in order when we leave it in the
spring. . . . The loan of 1 100 for a year or two would enable me to
avoid all these disadvantages. . . . Such seasonable assistance
would put me in a way of helping myself much sooner than I otherwise
could. And it will not do for the Society to be always burthened with
the enormous expense which must unavoidably attend this mission at
present. . . .

" The advanced prices of several important articles, and the expense of
procuring things there [at Detroit], of getting them on board of vessels, and
of freight to this place, have swelled my bills to a size that has £eu: exceeded
my expectations."

1S76.] David Bacon. 405

On this last letter is a memorandum by the secretary,
" Received Jan. 3, 1804." It had been six weeks on the way,
which appears to have been the ordinary time for the trans-
mission of a letter from Mackinaw to Hartford. Its arrival
was opportune ; for the records show that on the next day a
meeting of the trustees was held at the house of Dr. Strong,
by adjournment from the annual meeting in September. As
the letters from Mackinaw were read, the eyes of the venerable
Board were opened, at last, to the fact, palpable and stubborn,
that a mission to the Indians, so far from its base of supplies,
could not be maintained on the narrow scale of their appropri-
ations. They saw that their missionary was forming a larger
plan than they had dreamed of, — a plan that would send young
chiefs to Connecticut for such an education as might make
them efficient instruments of good among their wild brethren,
and that required ground for a village of such Indians as could
be induced to adopt a new mode of living ; and that he was
becoming more burthened with debt while struggling on in
sanguine hope of better days in which the mission should be
self-supporting. The record shows what the effect was.

"Sundry letters from the Rev. David Bacon having been coromunicated
to tlie Board,

"yoUd, That the said Mr. Bacon be directed to leave that part of the
country where he now is, without unnecessary delay, and repair to New
Connecticut, there to itinerate as a missionary and to improve himself in
the Indian language ; and that the Rev. Joseph Badger, in concert with
Mr. Bacon, endeavor, as soon as possible, to gain information respecting
the slate of the Indian tribes in the vicinity of New Connecticut and San-
dusky Bay, and the expediency of sending a missionary to them or any of
them ; and that they communicate such information to this Board.

'^ Voted, That the sum of ^150 be granted to the Rev. David Bacon, to
defray the expenses of his removal from Michilimackinac to New Con-
necticut ; and that the Committee of Accounts take measures to transmit
the same to him."

Of course, Mackinaw was at that season of the year, and till
the opening of navigation in the month of May, inaccessible to
any communication from Hartfo^^^^^^j^unary might
almost as well have been at jM^^^^^^^HMk direction,
no advice, no remittance ^^^^^^^^^^^^^Btt& ^'^
while the lakes were froM

IBCOND SERIES. —VOL. V

4o6 David Bacon, [July,

resources, he could only do as he had been doing. He had|
his Indian pupil, whose language he was learning; he had
occasional intercourse with neighboring Indians, chiefs and
others, whose confidence he was trying to win. No writing
remains nor any living memory to tell how that winter passed
away. His letters to the Society the next spring are not now
in its archives. The first information from him that I can find
after Nov. 22, 1803, is in a letter to his brother at Hartford,
which was dated "June i, 1804."

"The fourth vessel has just arrived, and though one or two of them
came from Fort Erie, we have not received one word from Connecticut
It seems as though all our friends i;vere dead. I fear that you have for-
gotten your promise to write often. But we wish to believe that you and
Mr. Flint (secretary) and many more have letters on the way. It is not
so much matter about my writing to you, as you have frequent opportuni-
ties of perusing my letters to the Society.

" I wrote to Mr. Flint the i6th of May ; you will have learned from that
that a letter from Mr. Badger has informed me that I am appointed to go to
New Connecticut. As my mind was fully bent -on prosecuting the objects
of this mission, and as I had strong hopes that God would glorify Himself
by granting success to it, notwithstanding present appearances, I was not
thinking or wishing for a removal. But the information I have mentioned
gave a turn to my thoughts, and the more I contemplated the increasing
discouragements attending this mission and the brighter prospects which
were presented from another quarter, the more occasion I saw for joy and
thankfulness. It gave me new feelings with respect to almost every French-
man and every Indian I met with. I had considered my life to be as much
as possible at their disposal, and that their alike savage tempers needed
no more than a divine permission to put an end to it. . . . Though I
still wish to give no occasion of offence, I am less anxious to please. I
also fe^l very much relieved as to worldly incumbrances. My attempts
in farming, which seemed necessary here, have proved too burthensome
and ensnaring for one that should be wholly devoted to the gospel minis-
try. ... I think there is a prospect of my being able to dispose of my
improvements, farming utensils, horse and two cows, household furniture,
etc., for as much or more than they cost me. . . .

" If I am ordered away, we shall not be able to leave this place before
the last of July."

In such suspense was Mr. Bacon waiting for some communi-
cation from the trustees of the Missionary Society. Informa-
tion that the mission was to be discontinued, and that he was
to be transferred to the Western Reserve, had found its way to
that region, and thence to him, in a letter from his friend, Mr.

1876.] David Bacon* A/yj

Badger. He could only wait for orders. At last the orders
came in the following letter from Capt. Dunham, who happened
to be just then in Detroit : —

" Detroit, June 20, 1804.

**Dear Sir, — Excuse the hasty and short letter I must give you.
CoL Kingsbury has arrived and has just inquired after you. He says,
Mr. Strong of Hartford, who saw him just as he was leaving that place,
requested him to tell you that he had not, at that moment, time to write
you, but wished you to repair with your family somewhere into New Connec-
ticut, and then to report yourself to the Society and give them an account
of your pecuniary affairs, — to let them know how much you have already
received, and how much you wanted, — that your drafts would be always
honored, etc. etc This was on or about the ist of June that he left
Hartford. And he says that Mr. Strong wished you to consider his ver-
bal communication to you, through Col. Kingsbury, as official^ and a suffi-
cient warrant for your quitting your present station. I mention this by
his particular request.

" The vessel is now ready to sail. I hope to be at Macana before your

departure from that place. Pray, sir, make my compliments acceptable to

Mrs. Bacon, and believe me to be with much respect and sincerity, your

obedient friend and very humble servant,

"J. Dunham."

The foregoing letter must have reached Mr. Bacon at Mack-
inaw, not long after the ist of July. Being now at last author-
ized to relinquish the mission there, and officially assured that
his drafts on the trustees would be honored, he proceeded to
close up his affairs, by selling what he had that could be sold,
and by drawing for the balance necessary to the payment of
the debts contracted in his work. The farm which he had
partly cleared, and by which he had hoped to make his mission
self-supporting, was left in the care of his brother-in-law, and
soon passed into the possession of a man who had advanced
means for the purchase of cows and other live stock from Detroit,
and to whom (if my impressions are correct) it became ulti-
mately a mine of wealth. About the ist of August — cer-
tainly not much later — he sailed for Detroit with his wife and
two children, the youngest an infant, born on the 4th of the
preceding month. From that point, there was a regular
though slow conveyance of letters by the post-office depart-
ment ; and he wrote to Dr. Strong for the information of the
trustees, — a letter which is not now found in the archives of the

4o8 David Bacon. [July,

Society, but which seems to have given a statement of his pro-
ceedings, and of the drafts which he had made according to
the authorization sent to him through Col. Kingsbury.

At Detroit that migrating family was detained by sickness
and other causes nearly two months ; but they did not wait
long for a solution of the question how to find their way from
that point to their destination. When they were able to pro-
ceed, they embarked in a canoe, with what remained to them of
their worldly goods and with provisions for their voyage, — the
father, the delicate mother, and the two little children. With
I know not what help for rowing or steering, they went down
the straits, out into Lake Erie, creeping along the silent shore,
resting at night, making progress by day, till having performed
a voyage of nearly two hundred miles, they arrived at Cleve-
land, which was then a mere hamlet on the lake shore. In a
letter written thirty-five years afterward, my mother said to
me: —

<< We had completed a long and perilpus journey through an uninhabita-
ble country, had all been sick on the way, and had expended our very last
mite before we reached Cleveland. . . . We did not reach the place
of our destination till near the middle of October."

Mr. Bacon had received no communication from the trus-
tees later than the unwritten message which had reached him
at Mackinaw. In obedience to that message he was now in his
new field. Two missionaries from old Connecticut were itin-
erating there among the scattered settlements, and by them
his coming to their help had been anxiously expected. Mr.
Badger, the true apostle of the Western Reserve, knew him,
and loved him as a brother. The Rev. Thomas Robbins, who
had been sent out the year before, knew him only by report
and by his letters published in the magazine, but was equally
prepared to bid him welcome. As early as April, while he was
still ice-bound at Mackinaw, a letter from Mr. Robbins to the
Secretary said : —

" We have heard indirectly that Mr. Bacon is recalled from the Indian
mission and appointed to come here. If that be true, I am very glad, and
am well pleased with the appointment. We much need a fellow-laborer."

Another letter from him to Dr. Strong, Oct 21, says : —

1876,] David Bacon. 409

"We have long been in great doubt and anxiety concerning Mr. Bacon,
but this ia now removed by his late safe arrival in the county.^ I suppose
he is now in Hudson. I have not seen him, but have seen Capt. Tanner,
of Canfield, who has lately been at Hudson and spent some time with Mr.
Bacon. Capt Tanner is much pleased with the man, and this appears to
be the case generally with those who have seen him. His wife and two
children are with him."

The letter from Detroit, in answer to that unwritten but
" official " message from Dr. Strong, could hardly have reached
Hartford before the annual meeting of the trustees, Sept. 6 ;
but at that meeting, the Board, acting on such information as
they had, or acting in the want of information, put upon their
record a peremptory vote, which was to be their first greeting
to their missionary on his arrival in the new settlements : —

" Voted, That the Committee of Correspondence write to the Rev. Da-
vid Bacon, directing him to exhibit an accountof his claims on the Society
without delay, comprising a particular statement of his expenses while at
Michilimackinac, in order to an equitable settlement ; and that any further
payment on his draughts be suspended until such settlement is made, or
audi the further order of this Board : That Mr. Bacon be at liberty to
return home, and that in the event of his choosing to return, Mr. S. P.," of
Warren, in the County of Trumbull, State of Ohio, be requested, on Mr.
Bacon's application, to advance him, on account of the Board, a sum suffi-
cient, in Mr. P.'s judgment, to defray the expenses of his return, and that
the said committee write to Mr. P. accordingly."

This order, if immediately sent, would arrive at Warren, in
the due course of the mail, not later than the last week in Sep-
tember. Mr. Robbins, writing from Warren, Oct. 21, said,
after mentioning Mr. Bacon's arrival in the county, and that
Capt. Tanner had seen him at Hudson, —

"Major P. of this town has shown me a letter from Mr. Brace, contain-
ing a vote of the trustees relative to Mr. Bacon, which appears to manifest
some dissatisbction. I cannot know all the circumstances, but I presume
2 statement of facts by way of explanation would give them satisfaction.
Mr. Bacon says he has received no ofBcial communication from the trus-
tees in a long time, and all the information be received Ih^I tliey wished
him to return from his Indian missioa^^^fOB^^tbis county \
verbal errand by a certain colonel (I SI^^^^^^^^^Htaf — Capt. Tau-

• What had been New Connet
County of Trumbull, in the Stale
n which will appear ;'
n the record.

410 David Bacon, [July,

ner had forgot his name) from Mr. Strong. Upon that information he left
Michilimackinac, and came to this county, but [he] was still waiting for
positive instruction. This, I conclude, he will have from Mr. Badger. If
their dissatisfaction was on account of delay, I trust this will appear suffi-
cient ; if there are other reasons, I do not know them, and have nothing
to say. I earnestly wish, if consistent, that Mr. Bacon may be continued
a missionary in this county. On many accounts, certainly, he is the right
man. ... I shall advise him not to go to Connecticut, for I think the
vote of the trustees does not require it. . . . And I think I shall not err
in advising him to perform the duties of a missionary here till he shall
receive further directions."

At last, I know not precisely at what date or where, Mr.
Bacon received the communication which informed him that
his drafts were protested ; that he was " at liberty to return
home " (as if he had somewhere on earth a home to which he
might return) ; and that for the expenses of his return he must
make application to Mr. S. P., of Warren, who was to judge
how much it would be safe to put into his hands. The short
time that he had been in Hudson had been long enough for
him to win the confidence and friendship of good people there,
and he left his little family to be protected and sustained by
them. Setting out from Hudson about the first of November,
he went to Warren, but he did not refer to Mr. S. P. the ques-
tion how much it would be necessary to expend in a winter
journey to Connecticut. He conferred with his apostolic friend
Badger in the neighboring town of Smithfield; and on Thurs-
day, Nov. 8, afoot and alone, he continued his journey. From
the place then known as Presque Isle, where the city of Erie
now is, he wrote, on the 15th, a report of his progress : —

" My Dearest, — I wrote to you from Warren and from Smithfield, by
Mr. Badger. I expect you will have seen him before this reaches you, and
will have learned how happily we spent a day and a half in each other's
company. I left him on Thursday about noon. Meeting with Dr. Reeve,
an old acquaintance and a Christian friend, I was detained so that I got
on only about six or seven miles that afternoon. I tarried over night with
pious Pennsylvanians, who appeared verj' happy in my company, and would
receive nothing for entertaining me. I took breakfast with them, as it was
five miles to the next house, which made me late in starting. I had not
gone far before it began to rain. I had a very blind path all day, and once
got some distance out of my way. The rain continued to increase, and
when I had travelled twelve miles it came down like a thunder-shower. I
then put up with a Capt. Ewins [Ewing ?], who with his wife appeared to

1876.] David Bacon, 411

be pious and very agreeable. They made me welcome. I took breakfast
with them, and set out with an expectation of spending the Sabbath with
the minister of Meadville, who lives off the road, five miles west of the
town ; but I could find no one to direct me to him when I came near the
place where I should have turned off. I therefore kept on to the town. I
reached the tavern by the ferry, where I lodged, about 8 o'clock in the
evening. A great quantity of rain had fallen the day and night before, and
considerable that day; the roads that were travelled had become intolerable ;
bat I travelled sixteen miles, which was as bad as to have travelled twenty-
five in a good road. Sabbath morning I crossed French Creek, and put
tip at a better tavern in the town. As Mr. Stockton ^ had gone to preach
to his other congregation, I offered my services there ; but as it snowed
very hard, and their place of worship not very comfortable, the time for
giving notice short, and the roads very bad, it was thought not best to make
the attempt

" It continued to snow all day on Monday, but after procuring some lit-
tle necessaries, I started, — took dinner with a pious Mr. Davis, four miles
on my way, where I was again made welcome. While they were prepar-
ing dinner, a young licentiate from the Ohio Presbytery came there in
order to preach in that neighborhood. He had come but a small distance
that day ; but he complained much of the tediousness of the weather,
though he had a good horse, was wrapped in a cloak, and had socks over
his boots. However, when he found what a journey I had undertaken and
my manner of performing it, he talked no more about his hardships. After
dinner I travelled till about eight o^clock, but got no more than seven or
eight miles farther, as the snow and mud had become so deep as to make
it very slow travelling. Tarried at a tavern where they would receive no
recompense. I travelled as late the next day, but got on not more than
twelve miles, the road growitig still worse. The next day, which was yes-
terday, it snowed the most of the day. I lost my road several times, and
went three or four miles out of my way ; but I got ten miles ahead, and
reached here about dark, very tired in consequence of travelling through
mud and snow half-leg deep, and very lame in one of my ankles, having
strained the cords by jumping across many sloughs, brooks, and other wet
places. I supped the night before on mush and milk, and breakfasted and
dined that day on cold johnny-cake and milk. In consequence of this, I
had become debilitated. I rested but poorly last night. My stomach be-
ing very much out of order, and my ankle still lame, and finding myself in
good quarters and the weather continuing to be very stormy, I have spent
the day here. I am at the house of a Mr. Reed whom we saw at Buffalo,
and who came with Mr. Olmstead to our house in Detroit. He treats me
very politely. I am now four miles from the lake. Perhaps the account I
have given you of my journey has increased your sorrow and your anxiety ;
but I wish you to believe that my mind was so agreeably occupied most of
the time that I thought little about the way. The greatest trial of a tem-
poral nature that I have hitherto experienced is that I have been going,

1 Rev. Joseph Stockton. See Sprague Annals, IV, 243.

412 David Bacon. [July»

and must continue to go, farther and farther from the dear partner of my
joys and sorrows, and our lovely little children ; and that it is uncertain
whether I shall ever see you or them in this world again. But faith tells
me that it is not desirable that it should be as I would have it ; that it is
enough for me to know that the Lord reigns and hath promised that all
things shall work together for good to them that love Him ; and that He
hath said ' Leave thy fatherless children and let thy widows trust in me.'

'* At the Lakgy Monday^ 19. Finding myself in better health, and partly
recoved of my lameness, I came from Mr. Reed's on Friday last Learning
that the ' Lark ' was expected to sail for Buffalo on Saturday evening, and
the prospect being fair, I concluded to wait and take a passage in her, as
they commonly run it in twelve hours. I knew that my route by land
must be very tedious and attended with some dangers, and concluded that
to start in the evening, in a good vessel, well manned, with a good land
breeze, would be attended with little if any more risk. But on Saturday,
near night, it was found that the vessel, having been aground, had broke
one of her rudder irons, and that it would be impossible to sail before
Monday evening. Just at night the Rev. Mr. Patterson, who lives twelve
miles down the lake, being in town on his way to a congregation eight
miles back of this place, providentially heard of me and came to see me.
He urged me to go with him. I consented, and he soon procured me a
horse, and we proceeded on. I was extremely happy in his company, and
he seemed pleased with me, I found the people very agreeable where wc
spent the Sabbath, I preached in the forenoon, and he in the afternoon.
I found much assistance in the service. He received four dollars for
preaching and would make me take two of them. I wish you could sec
him ; you would be charmed with him. He is about twenty-five, blessed
with a strong mind, a liberal education, an easy address, and with all the
graces of the Christian spirit. He is the son of the pious and Rev. Mr.
Patterson,^ who went on a mission to the Shawnees, accompanied by
Mr. Matthews and G. Blue-jacket, about the time that we sailed for Mack-
inac. He told me that he had often heard his father say that he had a
great desire to see you and talk with you. I asked him why, and he said
it was because he had seen a letter of yours that had been published in
the Magazine. Mr. Patterson has offered to procure me a horse to go to
Connecticut, clear of expense, but as the snow is two feet deep back from
the lake, and is going off very fast, the streams will be exceedingly high
and the roads excessively bad between here and Buffalo, so that it is not
likely that I should arrive there under a week if I were to go through by
land. As it is now near night, and we have the fairest prospect for wind
and weather that we can wish, I expect to go on board and sail this
evening."

A passage of twelve or fourteen hours brought the traveller
safely and pleasantly to Buffalo, and thence he wrote to his
wife another letter, which might relieve her anxiety but which

^ Sprague, III, 523, 524. The father was Joseph; the son, probably, Robert.

1876.] David Bacon. 413

she did not receive. Yet her chief anxiety for him was not
about the storms on Lake Erie, nor about the hardships of bis
journey through the wilderness, but rather about what he might
suffer from angry creditors. In those days an unfortunate
debtor might be imprisoned at the discretion of anybody to
whom he was indebted ; and of all creditors, the holder of a
protested draft was most liltely to use his power vindictively.
TTiis must be considered in order to appreciate the distress
which compelled that long, lone wintry journey, and the anx-
iety of the heroic wife, left with her two little children to the
pitying hospitality of friends who had hardly ceased to be
strangers. Long afterward she said, "When he left me at
Hudson among strangers, with my two little ones unprovided
for, I never expected to see him again. He was just recover-
ing from a very serious attack of intermittent fever, and was pale
and emaciated." A letter from her, dated " Hudson, Dec. 24,
1804," shows with what spirit she endured the trial, and with
what fidelity of love she sought to comfort him : —

" When I contemplate the many changes through which I have passed
during the last six years of my life, I am astonished, and cannot forbear
exclaiming with wonder, * Is it I ? ' — Is it I that have escaped so many
dangers, that have experienced so much mercy ? and is it I that am so
insensible and ungrateful ? This, my dear, is the anniversary of that
happy day which joined our hands. Happy, did I say F Was that a happy
day which was only a prelude to so much sorrow, anxiety, and distress ?
Can I commemorate that event with joy, which has been the apparent
cause of so much adversity ? Yes, to my dying day, I will. . . . You
are well acquainted with my many peculiar trials, yet I can assure you that
they have ever been lessened by your sympathy and love. . . . Though
my trials have been great, they have never exceeded my expectations
(except the late unaccountable a&ir). You never proposed to place me
in easy, honorable, or affluent circumstances ; but on the other hand, you
represented to me the greatness of the undertaking and the necessity of
counting the cost. You painted to my imagination the cruelty and fero-
dousness of the savages among whom we were to reside. . . . But
God has preserved both you and mc. We have not fallen a prev to savage
cruelty, but to — . I can say with safely thai I have never ex perie need any-
thing since I became yours which so much overpoM
late trial. It was a thing wholly unexpected, a
unprepared for it I have reason to be a
little fortitude and resignation. Grief, like a K
all before it, and had it not been i
this time have swept me into the grave.

414 David Bacon, [July,

am yet in the land of the living, and have cause to sing of mercy in the
midst of judgment, and to rejoice in the loving-kindness of the Lord. I
have not, in this four years past, enjoyed so much serenity of mind, for
such a length of time, as I have since your departure. My sorrow and
anxiety have been strangely hushed, and I am left to wonder at my com-
posure. You left me weak and infirm : I am now in vigorous health. I
was unprovided with a comfortable home, — supposed myself friendless,
forsaken, and forlorn. But my accommodations are far better than I
could reasonably have expected in a country like this, and I find myself
in the midst of the most agreeable friends. I am i\pw at the house of
good Mr. Norton, and have been almost ever since you left me. It is im-
possible for me to tell you how kindly I am treated both by him and his
amiable companion. ... If I was her [Mrs. Norton's] sister her ten-
derness could not exceed that which she expresses towards me. If my
children were her own she could not treat them with more mildness. Now
I am speaking of the children, I suppose you would wish to hear something
more about them. . . .

''It appears to me that I never saw so much to be thankful for as I
have of late. Though your absence is a great calamity, and I consider it
to be one of the greatest trials that I have been ever called to endure, yet
I have been enabled to bear it with a greater degree of fortitude than I
expected. I think it has already been of service to me. I know not what
will be the issue of the late event which has occasioned us so much distress,
yet I am sure that it is at the disposal of that All-Perfect Being who can-
not err. ... I hope that you are before this time at Hartford, and
know the worst of your circumstances. Pray make me acquainted with
your situation and prospects as soon as possible. If you are to be im-
prisoned, fear not to inform me of it ; for if that should be the case, I am
determined, if my life and health are spared, to share with you in the horror.
I trust I shall be prepared for the event. I can assure you that I have
thought much of the matter, and think that I feel in a measure reconciled
to it. I would rather be in a dungeon with the dear partner of my woes,
than in a prince's palace with any other person on earth. . . .

" Mr. Badger has been here since you saw him. What a dear, good
man he is ! What a blessing to the world ! He says that he will prob-
ably be here again in the course of the winter, and proposes taking me to
Austinburg with him." ^

The date of Mr. Bacon's arrival at Hartford does not appeari
but it was near the end of December. A letter written on the
29th describes his journey from Buffalo to Connecticut, and
tells what friends and relatives he had seen on the way or since
his arrival. " It would take me a week," said he, " to tell wiA
what kindness, attention, and respect I have been treated by

^ On the margin is written, " I am not able to pay the postage on this lettery I
hope you can." The postage was twenty-five cents.

1876.] David Bacon. 415

all Christian people on my way and since I have been here,
and what tenderness and respect they have manifested for you."
At BloomBeld, among the friends they found there in 1801,
he had kept a New England Thanksgiving. Through all the
wilderness from BuSalo to Whitestown (two hundred miles), he
found it hard, because of mud and snow, to advance at the
rate of fifteen miles a day ; but thence eastward into Litchfield
County, be " had a good, hard snow path," and found himself
" able to travel thirty miles a day " without intolerable &tigue.
The settlers of Hudson were irom Litchfield County, and he
bad seen some of their Mends. " Mr. Owen Brown," said he,
" brought me from Tomngton to this place in his sleigh. Tell
Esq. Hudson that Mr. Brown and his friends calculate to move
on next summer." ^

The same letter gave an account of an interview which the
writer, on his arrival at Hartford, had with Dr. Strong. But
before transcribing that portion of the letter, it seems fit to
say that Dr. Strong had already learned some things since the
meeting of the trustees in September, when the vote was
taken which exposed their missionary to arrest and imprison-
ment. Mr. Robbins had written deferentially (as we have
seen) concerning the impression made on him by the letter
and the vote which " Major P." had shown to him. He had not
only intimated that good people generally, in those new settle-
ments, were receiving Mr. Bacon with much favor, but had
said, as an argument for his being " continued a missionary "
there, " Hudson will probably be glad to settle Mr. Bacon for
half of the time, immediately." The more free-spoken Mr.
Badger had written, Nov, 21, in a different style, having withal
some grievances of his own to write about.

" Rev. and Dear Sir, — Youra of the 8th of October came by Mr, E.
Root last evening. Mr. Bacon left the couoly, od foot, last Thursday, on
hi* way to Connecticut He feels himself extremely wounded and in-
jured by the official com muni cations sent to him and Mr. P. That sent
to Mr. P. hit siirprUed everybody of feeling. If I am to be dismissed

' Mt. Owen Brown (,1 temember bim well) was ihc fallier of John Brown,
famous for hit tfftA^^^tt/tgg^^^Japev'ii Ferry, and for his death al
Charlesiown, Va. lB^^^^^^^^^^^H|^n£fcird, whence Mr. Owen Brown
conveyed my Eat)a^^^^^^^^^^^^^^B|itf^UriHfttoaU^tthplac
Among my s**|y^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
his brother, a

41 6 David Bacon. [July,

for any unwarrantable step in my mission^ I beg that I may have oppor-
tunity to make the most full and fair statement to the society before I
am committed to the tender mercies of infidels in New Connectiait In
regard to Mr. Bacon, I have no doubt but his necessary expenses bj ex-
ceeded the calculations of the Board. The knowledge and experience I
have had of expenses in this part and about Detroit lead me to believe
his expenses have not been extravagant. I was obliged to pay a man four
dollars for paddling me across the mouth of Detroit River to Maiden and
back again, — about four hours' work. This kind of marauding has been
practised on Mr. Bacon continually. He will be able to state the whole
matter. I hope the Board will hear him patiently.

'< I must now say a word for myself. Next March, if I should continue
until that time, gives me four years' experience in missionary labors and
support I have tried to be prudent I am positive there is not a gentle-
man in the Board of Trust that would be willing to do and suffer what I
have done, and to have his family suffer as mine has done, for double the
sum I have received. . . . Am I to go on with the war^Eire at mj
own charges ? If the apostle to the Gentiles be consulted, he says not
. . . You can send young men [unmarried] ; they can live on the pay ;
it is enough. But must I starve because I *• lead about a sister,' or, rather,
leave her in a very poor cabin without the comforts of life ? ... On
settling accounts with myself, I find my suggestions about sending minis-
ters with families here, to be missionaries, will not do, unless they can go
a warfare at their own charges," *

[Apropos of a proposed mission to Indians at Sandusky Bay.] ** The
ouly way to do anything permanent among those Indians is to obtain a
plot of ground to farm it on, either of them or of the Government, who have

^ It is worth remembering, as an illustration of those times, that while Mr.
Badger was making such complaints, the contributors to the Missionary Society
were giving, year by year, more than the trustees, in their wisdom, thought fit to
expend. Not only were the profits of the Evangelical Magazine given by the
editors to constitute a fund of which only the income could be expended in sup-
port of missions, but as early as 1801 the trustees "voted that all donations
which have been or may hereafter be made tb the Society, exclusively of the an-
nual contributions in the several parishes in the State, be appropriated to the estab-
lishment of a permanent fund^ when not otherwise especially appropriated by the
donors ; and that the interest of the permanent fund be added to the principal
until otherwise ordered by the Board." Besides all this, the accounts published
annually show that not even all " the annual contributions in the several parishes"
were expended in support of the work. Thus, in the year 1802, the parish contri-
butions were 12,986.16; and the disbursements for all expenses (including the
loss by three counterfeit dollars) were $2,221.72^. In 1803 the parish contribu-
tions were $3,069.96 and the disbursements |i,9o8.25>^. In 1804, the year of Mr.
Badger's complaint, the contributions from the parishes were $2,740.86, and the
disbursements $2,334.13^. Some portion of the surplus in those successive years
is what was saved by keeping Mr. Badger's family as near to starvation as they
could live.

No missionary society in these days salts down its contributions to make per-
manent funds.

J

1876.] David Bacon. 417

lands lying near them. ... I have not a doubt but that if Mr. Bacon
had been directed to establish a £&rm at Mackinaw, at his first going there,
it would, in four years* time, more than have supported the mission there.
• . • The people and traders about those garrisons and Indian trading
places, plunder, by an exorbitant demand for every trifle, whoever goes
among them to live on money.

" The good people here have a high esteem of Mr. Bacon, — are anxious
for his return. At Hudson they have provided for his support half the
time."

" Received Nov. 27 " is indorsed on that letter in Dr. Strong's
handwriting. Hartford had then some comfortable things for
its honored pastors, as it has now ; and from Thanksgiving Day
to Christmas that good man, sitting by his warm fireside, might
have thought, sometimes, of the late missionary to the Indians,
performing his journey of six hundred miles afoot, — tramping
on through mud and snow, encountering the rigors and storms
of the season, learning what that meaneth : " Pray ye that your
flight be not in winter," — that he might respond to a summons
from the honorable and reverend trustees, and give them an
account of his mission. Dr. Strong had befriended the mis-
sion and the missionary ; and " the official communication "
to Mr. P., which "surprised everybody of feeling," was not
from his pen. He was, therefore, not unprepared to give the
returning missionary a friendly reception. Of all the pleasant
news from kindred and friends in the letter of Dec. 29, nothing
could so effectually relieve the anxious wife and mother as the
brief description of that interview : —

•* Dr. Strong received me in a very friendly manner. He says I have
wholly misunderstood them ; that he does not believe there was a member
in the Board that had the least suspicion that I was dishonest, or that it
would be unsafe to leave it to me to name the sum for my [travelling] ex-
penses ; but that, as they were taking a vote to have Mr. P. furnish me, it
occurred to them that they were unable to determine how much would
be wanted, and therefore said ' such a sum as he should judge necessary,'
without meaning thereby to intimate anything to my disadvantage. He
blamed me for not insisting on having money enough of Mr. P. to furnish
me with a horse, or to defray my expenses in the stage from Pittsburg.
He says it is true that they were alarmed on finding that I had drawn on
them to so great an amount, and could not think that they could be justified
in paying the drafts without inquiring into the matter, as it appeared to
them that I had not managed the business with prudence. However, he
seems to be of opinion that they will answer the drafts.''

Niw Hccveny Conn,

Leonard Bacon.

[To be cootinaed.]

4i8 Vital Statistics of tfie Congregational Ministers. [July,

VITAL STATISTICS OF THE CONGREGATIONAL

MINISTERS

Who Died in the Yeae 1875.

Adams, George Eliasmib, d. d^ son of Eliashib and Anna (LdaDd)
Adams, was born in Worthinglon, Mass., 1801, Oct 27. Fitted for col-
lege at Phillips Academy, Andover. Graduated, Yale College, 1811, and
Theological Seminary, Andover, 1826. Professor of Sacred Literature,
Bangor Theological Seminary, from 1826, Oct. i, to 1829, Dec. 30. Or-
dained at Bangor, 1829, Feb. 25. Installed pastor at Brunswick, Mt,
1829, Dec. 30. Resigned in 1870, August, but awaited formal dismission
by the action of a council called to install his successor, which has not
occurred. Was acting pastor of Trinity Congregational Church, Orange,
N. J., 1870, March, to 1875, March. He received the honorary degree of
D.D. from Bowdoin College, 1849. Was trustee of Bangor Theol<^ical
Seminary from 1850 to his death ; also Corporate Member of the Ameiican
Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions from 1836, trustee of
Maine Missionary Society from iSjS, and its president from tS6t until
1870, and a vice-president of (he American Home Missionarjr Society
from 1863 to death. Married, ist, i8z6, Sept. 2, Sarah Ann, daughterof
Nathaniel and Mary (Smith) Folsom, of Portsmouth, N. H. She died,
without children, 1850, Feb. 27. Married, 2d, 1851, Dec. 30, Helen Marii,
daughter of Frederick Ferdinand ant! Sarah (Flint) Root, of North Read-
ing, Mass. A son died 1856, Dec. 27, and two daughters survive. He
died in Orange, N. J., 1875, Dec. 25, of chronic cystitis, aged 74 years, I
month, and 28 days.

Adkinson, Irvim D. {no middle name), son of Francis and Eliza {Mc-
Henry) Adkinson, was born in Moorefield, Switzerland Co., Indiana, 1837,
Nov. II. His academic study was at Moore's Hill Seminar^', Ind.,iUid
at Hillsdale, Mich. Graduated, Hillsdale College, 1863. Ordained in
Cheshire, Ohio, 1866, August. He afterwards entered Bangor Theol<^icaI
Seminary, and spent one year with the class of 1S69, and one year in Hr.
Hepworth's School for the Ministry in Boston. In 1868 he became Pro-
fessor of Ancient Languages in a new Free Will Baptist College, Ridgt-
sille, Ind., where he remained till 1873, November, and during most of the
time was acting pastor of the Free Will Baptist Church there. Installed
pastor of the Congregational Church, West Concord, N. H., 1874, Nov. 6.
Married, 1868, June 18, Mary Jane, daughter of Chase and Josephine (Pe^
kins) Elden, of Corinth, Me. Two children survive. Died in West Co»-
cord, 1875, Feb. 25, of pneumonia, aged 37 years, 3 months, and 14 dajl.

Allen, Laban Wheaton, son of Rev. Cyrus WilliamFi and Mary (f* 1
ger) Allen, was born in Pelham, N. H., 1843, Dec. 11. I'reparatory cotme J
at Phillips Academy, Andover. Graduated, Amherst College, 1S66, udj
Andover Theological Seminary, 1869. Ordained pastor at South S
tree, Mass., 1869, Oct. 13. Dismissed, 1B72, May 14, on account of £i
of health. He sought health first in Greeley, Col,, where he w
pastor, 1872-3; then in Europe, residing a year, mostly in Nice;

1876.] Vital Statistics of the Congregaticnal Ministers. 419

third year in Los Angeles, Cal. Returned to his father's house in Hano-
ver, Mass., 1875, July I, and died there, of pulmonary consumption, 1875,
Aug. 23, aged 31 years, 8 months, and iz days.

Atkinson, Tiuothy, son of Rev. Charles and Deborah (Notcutt) At-
kinson, was bora in Ipswich, Eng., 1806, July 4. After engaging in busi-
ness in London, he turned to the ministry, and was educated at Homerton
College. Ordained pastor at Hounslow, Eng., 1832, Oct. 2, and remained
about two years ; then, pastor at Ha1stead,until, in 1837, he went to Can-
ada in the work of the Colonial Missionary Society, and began labor in
Quebec, where he organized the Congregational Church. Left,in 1845, on
account of the climate, and came to Lowell, Mass., where the High Street
Church was organized in 1S46 under his labors, and he was installed 1846,
Feb. 3;; dismissed, 1847, June 38. Acting pastor of Bridge Street
Church, Brooklyn, N Y., 1850-53. Secretary of the American Congrega-
tional Union, 1853-55. Installed, Westport, Conn., 1856, June 11. Dis-
missed, 1864, April 25. Acting pastor of Independent Church, Nahant,
Mass., 1864-67; of 2d Church, Orange Valley, N. J., 1867-70, and at
Norton, Mass., from 1872, June i, to his death. Married, ist, an English
lady. 3d, Miss Butler, of Groton, Mass. 3d, Miss Eudora Clarke, of
Boston. Four children by first wife, of whom Mary E. survives. Died
inNortOD, 1875, June 29, of cancer in intestines, aged 68 years, 11 months,
and 36 days.

Ayer, Joseph, son of Joseph and Bridget (Hall) Ayer, was bom in
North Stonington, Conn., 1793, May 19. Fitted for college under Rev.
Samuel Nott, of Franklin, Conn. Graduated, Brown University, 1823.
Studied theology with Rev. Timothy Tuttle, of Ledyard, Conn. Ordained
at North Stonington, 1825, June 23, where he was acting pastor till 1837,
April. Installed at Hanover, in Sprague (then Lisbon), Conn., 1837, Sept.
20; dismissed 1848, June 13. Acting pastor, South Killingly, from 1849,
April, to 1851, Jan. 22, when he was installed there ; dismissed 1S56, April
25. Pastor at East Lyme from 1857, June 16, to 1868, Oct. 30. Acting
Pastor, Voluntown and Sterling, 1868, November, to 1870, May 11, when
he was installed, and dismissed 1875, May 24. He wrote a memoir of his
. daughter, Frances Amelia, published by the Massachusetts Sabbath School
Society. Married, 1825, Sept. 14, Frances M., daughter of Zabdiel and
Fanny Rogers, of Stonington. Two children, the daughter as above, and
Rev. Charles L. Ayer, of Somersville, Conn., at whose home he died of
erysipelas, 1875, Dec. 26, aged 82 years, 7 months, and 7 days.

Bachkller, Gilhan, son of Nathaniel Giiman and Sarah (Davis)
Bacheller, was born in Fayette, Me^ 1795, Feb. 18. His early years were
spent on (he farm and in trade, with only a common-school eduealion. In
1827 he began to study theology with Rev. Joseph Underwood, of New
Sharon, Me. Ordained pattgU||i||UuB^, 1831, Jui

f, Oct. 10. He GWiM^^^^^^HHtM^ to preach part of the
time as acting p:
as acting pastor, Ja

420 Vital Statistics of the Congregational Ministers. [July,

1851-52. Married, 1825, Sept 15, Lydia Lesdell, daughter of Elder
Haynes, pastor of the Baptist Church in Fayette. Her three sons died
before him. She died, and he married, 2d, 1833, May 23, Abigail, daughter
of Marshall and Susannah (Gardiner) Thazter. She died 1871, March
17, aged 66. Of their eight children, three sons and one daughter survive.
He died at Machiasport, of pneumonia, 1875, Sept 27, aged 80 3rears, 7
months, and 9 days.

Baker, James Sears, son of and Rachel Baker, was bom in

Marcellus, Onondaga Co., New York, 1822, Feb, 9. Graduated, Geneva
Medical College, 1843. Practised medicine in Sully two years, and in
Collamer three years. Removed to Marcellus, and practised dental sur-
gery 1851-65. Ordained, Madison, N.Y., 1865, July 6, and installed there
1866, Aug. 15; dismissed, 1867. January. Acting pastor, Otisco, 1867,
Aug. I, to 1872, Dec. I. Acting pastor Congi and Pres. Churches, Onon-
daga Valley, 1873. Jan. i, till death. Married 1842, June 2, Susan, daugh-
ter of Benjamin F. and Narcissus (Barrows) Barber, who survives him.
No children. Died Syracuse, N. Y., 1875, Nov. 14, of brain fever, aged
53 years, 9 months, and 5 days.

Bancroft, David, son of David and Susan (Messenger) Bancroft, was
bom in Rindge, N. H., 1809, Feb. 10. Family removed to Grafton, Vt,
181 1, and he fitted for college under tuition of his pastor, Rev. Selah R.
Arms. Graduated, Amherst College, 1835, ^^^ ^^^ Windsor Theological
Seminary, 1838. Ordained pastor, Wellington, Conn., 1839, Oct 21 ; dis-
missed, 1859, Jan. I. Installed, Prescott, Mass., 1859, June 3, and died in
office. Married 1839, J^^^* ^5) Sarah Roselle, daughter of Aaron and Lois
(Lee) Perrin, who survives him. One son died in infancy, and two sur-
vive. He died 1875, March 11, of pneumonia, aged 66 years, i month,
and I day.

Barker, Davis Robert, son of Robert and Hannah (Minott) Barker,
was bom in Hope, Me., 18 13, July 16. Graduated, Oberlin Theological
Seminary 1843, and ordained evangelist in Oberlin, 1843, Aug. 23. Acting
pastor of the churches in Johnston and Fowler, Ohio, 1843, Oct. 15, to 1845,
Nov. I ; Canfield and Boardman, 1845, Nov. 8, to 1847, May 20; Mercer
and West Lackawannock, Mercer Co., Penn., alternating with East Salem
and Greenville, from 1847, Sept 9, to 1864, July 15, exchanging the two
latter for Millbrook after 1857, Feb. 18; Randolph and Townville, Craw-
ford Co., Penn., 1864, July 18, to 1869, Jan. i. Installed, College Springs,
Page Co., Iowa, 1870, Oct 17, where he began labor, 1869, Aug. i. Mar-
ried 1843, Aug. 24, Amy Ann, daughter of John Newell and Lydia (Gardi-
ner) Chamberlain, of Batavia, N, Y. Six children. Died, College Springs,
1875, Oct. 22, of heart disease, aged 62 years, 3 months, and 6 days.

Benedict, William Uriah, son of Uriah and Sally (North) Benedict^
was born in Stamford, Conn., 1808, Sept 25. Aurora, N. Y., Acadeaf.
Graduated, Williams College, 1829, and Auburn Theological Seminaij^
1832. Ordained pastor, Ira, N. Y., 1834, June 10 ; dismissed I^j^
Acting pastor, Sweden, N. Y,, 1839, Aug, i, to 1841, July;
N. Y., 1841, July, to 1843, May; Vermontville, Mich., 1843, May, to

1 876.] yiiai Statistics of the Congregatitmal Ministers. 42 1

Majr ; at same time, Principal of Academy. Has resided since in Ver-
montville, supplying for various periods, the Preabyterian Churches of Ros-
ana and Sunfield ; also lived five years at Olivet, and was Treasurer of
Olivet College. Married, 1834, Jan. 18, Almira Ann, daughter of Ensign
and Elishaba (Mason) Bennett, Owasco Lake, N. Y., who survives him,
with two sons and two daughters. Two children are dead. Died in Ver-
montville, 1875, Oct 18, aged 67 years, I month, 23 days. Disease, a
tumorous formation at neck of gall-duct

Brainerd, Davis Smith, son of Heber and Martha (Tyler) Brainerd,
waa bora in Haddaro, Conn., tSiz, Oct. 12. Preparatory studies at Mon-
Bon (Mass.) Academy. Graduated, Yale College, 1834. Spent one year at
Frioceton, but graduated, Yale Theological Seminary, 1837. Ordained
pastor, Lyme, Conn., 1S41, June 30, where he died in office. In 1861 he
was elected a Fellow of Yale College, and in 1867 he became, also, a mem-
ber of the Prudential Committee of the Corporation. The "Twenty-fifth
Anniversary" Sermon of his Pastorate, in 1866, was published ; also, a
paper on "The Stale of the Ministry," read before the General Associa-
tion, 1874, and several other occasional sermons. Married, 1842, May 24,
Anne Maria, daughter of CapL Daniel and Nancy (Waile) Chadwicit, of
Lyme. One son and four daughters. He died 1875, April 30, of no spe-
cial disease. Aged 63 years, 6 months, 18 days.

Brodt, John Henry, son of John Ingold and Ellen Van Buren (Reeve)
Brodt, was born Troy, N. Y,, 1837, June 2. Studied in Troy Academy,
1841-3, and Polytechnic Institute, 1842-5. Graduated, Union Theological
Seminary, 1853. Ordained in Troy, as evangelist, 1854, June 29. Acting
pastor, Columbia, Cal., 1854-5. A bronchial affection compelling him to
give up preaching for a time, he was one year Secretary of the Water
Company, San Francisco, and afterwards edited the Pacific. Acting pas-
tor, Petaiuma, Cal,, r3s3, April, to 1862 ; Marysville (Presbyterian Church),
1862, October, to 1864 ; Howard Street Presbyterian Church, eight months
in 1864 ; Salem, N. Y., 1865, February, to 1867. Installed over Park Pres-
byterian Church, Brooklyn, N. Y., 1867, December, remaining until the
church was dissolved in 1869, February. Installed, New England Congre-
gational Church, Brooklyn, 1870, Sept. 27; dismissed, 1872, December.
Dansville, N. Y., without charge, until death. Married, 1856, June 29,
Elleo Augusta, daughter of Alden and Caroline Sears, of Columbia, Cal.,
who survives him, with six of their nine children. He died in Dansville,
N. v., 1875, Sept 8, of heart disease, aged 48 years, 3 months, and 6
days,

Clark, Pmiletus, son of Noah and Eunice (Strong) Oark, was bora
in Southampton, Mass., 1794, April 26. Fitted for college under tuition
of his pastor, Rev. Vinson Gould. Entered Williams, but graduated, Mid-
dlebury College, 1818. Studied theology with Revs. Joel T. Benedict,
aiAlli.im. N.V., ami Timothy M, Cooky, i>. i)., Granville, Miss. Or-
dained pjstor, Townshend, V'l., iS-i, Dec, 29; dismissed, i3i4. July 6-
Acting pa44M^Bnt^u4 Londonderry, Vt., 1S2J-7. Installed, London-
l)enj,j|||flH^HH||^|83o, but not duniwtl (ill 1832, Feb. iz.

422 Vital Statistics of tkt Congtrgaticnal Ministers. (July,

Acting pastor, ClareDftoD, VL, 1830-2, and at Sonth GranTiHe, N. Y^^
1833-5. Installed, Windsor, Mass., 1835, Sept 30; diamissed, 1843,
hlay 33. Without cliarge, Clarendon, Vt., 1843-50. Acting pastor,
Townsbend, West, Vt, 1850, March, to 1857, March, where a church wat
organized, 1850, Oct 8 ; Post Mills, Thetford, Vt., 1857-8 ; Sharon, 1858-
1869 : and Wardsboro', 1869-70, where his wife died, and, later, he founda
home, with his children. Married, ist 1835, June 16, Irene, daughterof
Silas and Ruby (Tenney) Brown, of Townshend, who died 1839, Oct iS,
leaving two children. He married, 3d, Delilah M,, daughter of Caleb and
Delilah (Barney) Hall, of Clarendon, who died 1870, June, leaving, also,
two children. He died in Memphis, Tenn., 1875, Feb. 5, aged 80 yean,
9 months, and 9 days.

Clarke, Tertius Strong, d. d., son of Jonathan and Jemima (Lyman)
Qarke, was bom in Westhampton, Mass., 1798, Dec. 17. FrepantMj
studies with Rev. Moses Hallock, Plainfield, Mass. Graduated, Yale Col-
lege, 1824, and Auburn Theological Seminary, 1837. Ordained, pastor,
South Deerfield, Mass., 1827, Oct 3 ; dismissed, 1833, April i. Installed,
Haddani, Conn., 1834, April j6; dismissed, 1837, February. Installed,
Stockbridge, Mass., 1837, June 15 ; dismissed, 1B50, May 5. Acting pas-
tor, Penn Van, N. Y., 1850, May a. Installed, Franklin, N. Y., iSji,
November; dismissed, 1858, June. Installed, Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio,
1858 ; dismissed, 1863. Installed, Weedsport, N. Y, Presbyterian
Church, 1863, Jan. i ; dismissed, 1866, Jan. 16. Without chaige,
Cuyahoga Falls, 1866. Married, 1st, i8z8, Sept 10, Almira Alcotl,
daughter of Charles and Mary Marshall, of Granville, Mass. She
died 1856, Sept 23 ; had one son and four daughters, of whom two daugh-
ters are now living. He married, ad, 1858, Nov. 9, Mary, daughter of
James and Sarah Rattle, of Cuyahoga Falls. He received the degree of
D. D. from Hamilton College, 1856. Died in Neath, Penn., 1875, April \i,
aged 76 years, 4 months, and 12 days.

CozzE-Ns, Samuel Woodworth, d. d., son of John and Lydia (Kbm-
cutt) Coiiens, was born in Mayfield, N, Y., 1801, Oct, 25, Fitted for
college in Middlebury, Vt, and graduated, Middlebury College, i83S,and
A ndover Theological Seminary, 1831. Ordained, Marblehead, Mass. Col-
league with Rev. Samuel Dana, 1832, Aug. 8 ; dismissed, 1837, April 19,
Installed, Milton, Mass., 1837, May 24 ; dismissed, 1847, May 19, Acting
pastor, 2d Church, Milton, 1847-51 ; Kingsboro', N. Y., Fresbyleriaa
Church, 1852. Installed, Presbyterian Church, Mount Vernon, N. Y.,
1853, Feb. 8 ; dismissed, 1859, Jan. 25. Acting pastor, Weybridge, Vt,
. 1859-68 ; South Plymouth, Mass., 1868-73. Married 1832, Aug. 12,
Abby, daughter of Dr. William and Fidelia (Mosely) Bass,.of MiddlebviK
Vt Six children, of whom two, with the widow, 1 ""

the degree of D. D. from Ingham University in 1863. He died in
Mass., 1B75, Aug. 7, of necrosis, aged 73 years, 9 months, and i

CuMMiNGS, Preston, son of David and Hepiibah (Reed) CummfngT,
was bom in Seekonk, Mass,, 1800, May I. Preparatorj- stui^es wilh B«.
Nathan Holman, of Attleboro'. Graduated, Brown Ud

1876.] l^tal Statistics of tJu Congregational Ministers. 423

Studied theology with Calvin Park, O. D., in Provideoce. Ordained pastor,
Presbyterian Church, LebaaOD, N, Y., 1835, Aug. 32 ; dismissed, 1827,
March. Installed, Dighton, Mass., 1827, Dec. 17 ; dismissed, 1833, Oct
5. Installed, North Church, Wrentham, Mass., 1836, July 6 ; dismissed
1838, Jan. I. Installed, Buckland, Mass., 1840, Jan. I ; dismissed, 184S,
Jan. I. Acting pastor, Dighton, Mass., 1849-50. Without charge, Leices-
ter, Mass., 1853, and Holden. He published in i3;3 "A DictionsTy of
Congregational Usages and Principles, According to Ancient and Modem
Authors. To which are added brief notices of some of the principal
Writers, Assemblies and Treatises referred to in the compilation." Mar*
ried 1826, Feb i, Aloaa, daughter of Ethan and Sarah Davis, of Holden,
Mass., who survives him. Four children, all dead. He died in Holden,
1875, April 8, of consumption, aged 74 years, 1 1 months, and 7 days.

Danforth, Williau Burke, son of Samuel Parkman and Elizabeth
Ann (Burke) Danforth, was born in Barnard, Vt-, 1849, Feb. 21. Royalton
Academy. Graduated, Dartmouth College, 1871, and Yale Theological
Seminary, 1874. Ordained pastor, Gilead, Conn., 1874, July 9, and died
in office. Married 1874, June 33, Sarah Augusta, daughter of William
and Lucy Ann Goodrich, Portland, Conn. Died 1875, July 4, of inflamma-
tion of the brain, aged 36 years, 4 months, and iz days.

Da VIES, Evan, son of John and Jane Davies, was l)om in parish Llan-
dy-silio-gogo, near New Quay, Cardiganshire, South Wales, G. B., 1808,
Jan. 33. Obtained his academic, classical, and theological education at the
Classical and Theological School of Rev. Thomas Phillips, D. D,, of
Neuadd Lloyd, Cardiganshire. Ordained 1832, Sept 37, Aber, Breconshire;
resigned, 1840. Installed at Libanua, Glamorganshire, 1840, June;
resigned, 1849, and assumed the pastorate of Onllwyn Church, same shire,
1850, March 17. Removed to United States, 1855, and became pastor of
the Welsh Congregational Churches in Chariestown and Blossburg, Penn.,
in June. In i3;7, July, became pastor of Tyn Rhos and Nebo, Ohia
Failing health compelled his resignation, 1875, July. He published a ser*
mon upon Jude 3, entitled " Yr Ymdrechfa Gristionogol." Married 1835,
Sept 9, Mary, daughter of Lewis and Gwenllian Pugh, of Breconshire, who
with five children survives bim. Died in Granville, Ohio, 1875, Sept. 3, of
Illness induced by a severe chill in 1874, Decemt>er, aged 67 years, 7
months, and 13 days.

DURAKT, Henrv, LL.D., son of Henry and Lucy (Hunt) Durant, was
bom in Acton, Mass., i8oz, June 18. Phillips Academy, Andover,
Graduated, Yale College, 1S37. Principal, Garrison Forrest Academy,
Baltimore County, Maryland, two years. Became tutor in Yale College,
1829, and while in this office pursued ihe course of study in the Theologi-
cal Seminary, graduating 1833. Ordained pastor, Byfield, in Newbury,
Mass., 1833, Dec. 251 dismissed, 1849, Mar. 21. Principal Dummer
Academy] In Byfield, 1847, April, 1851. In 1853, April, lie went to Cali-
■"""" " "■ ' ■' ■■'"". School " at Oakl.ind. and was

if California, wliichwas
JOB, iS54-«9, when Ihe

424 Vital Statistics of the Congregational Ministers. [July,

College was merged in the Untversitr of California, of which he wu
president, 1870-73, when illness compelled him to resign. He wis M^m
of Oakland from 1873, March, till death. Received the degree of LLD.
in 1871, from Rochester University. Married, 1833, Dec. 10, Maiy E,

daughter of Rev. Piatt and (Lewis) Buffett, of Stanwich, Conn., who

survives him. One daughter, is dead. He died in Oakland, of congestiTe
pneumonia, 1875, Jan. 22, aged 72 years, 7 months, and 4 days.

Eaton, Joshua, son of Ebeneier and Apphia (Perley) Eaton, wn
bom in Wilton, Me., 1802, Feb. 4. Studied privately. Taught, Fanniog-
ton Academy, 1824-35. Then, health failing, engaged in mercantile pQi^
suits. In 1835 began theological study with Rev, Joseph Underwood, and
graduated, Bangor Theological Seminary, 1839. Ordained evangelist
Corinna, Me., 1841, Dec. i. Labored in East Orrington, Amhera^ md
Aurora, 1840, March~Sept., Rockland, Sebec and Sebasticoke and Dii-
mount till 1841, Feb.; Dexter and Corinna, i34i, Feb., to 1843. Colporteur,
1844. Missionary in Hodgdon, New Limerick, Monticello, Lincoln, and
Patten to 1847. Aroostook County, Burlington, and Passadiunkcag to
1843, November; Springfield, Carroll, Lee, and Glenbume to 1849, Sep-
tember; Fort Fairfield, Presque Isle, Salmon Brook to 1851, September!
Isleau Haul, 1851, November, to 1868, November; Granby, VL, 1869-71.
Married, ist, 1828, in Weld, Me., Mrs. Sybil (Butterficld) Holt, bora in
Brattleboro', Vt. She died, 1830, and he married, 3d, Isabella, dai^ter of
Samuel Edwards and Marcia (Page) Dutton, of Bangor. One son is deal
Two daughters are living. Died in Bangor, of old age, 1875, Dec 7, aged
73 years, 10 months, and S days.

Eldridge, Joseph, d.d., son of Joseph and Deborah (Hamblin)Eldtidg^
was bom in Yarmouth, Mass., 1804, July 8. Phillips Academy, Andover.
Graduated, Yale College, 1829, and Yale Theological Seminary, [833. Or-
dained, Norfolk, Conn., 1S33, April 25. Dismissed, 1874, Nov. 3. He
was a member of the Corporation of Yale College from 1847 ; a corpoiale
member of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
from 1867 ; and Marietta College gave him the degree of D. D. in 1856.
He published a sermon preached 1861, Feb. 24, entitled " Does the Bible
sanction Slavery?" and his Farewell Sermon, 1874, Nov. i; also, some
funeral sermons. Married, 1st, 1833, April 3, Rachel C, daughter of John
and R. C. Purple, of Bernardston, Mass. She died childless, 1833, March
6, and he married, 2d, 1S36, Oct. 12, Sarah, daughter of Joseph and Sarah
(Robbins) Battel!, of Norfolk, who survives him, with five daughters and
one son. He died in Norfolk, of cystitis, 1875, March 31, aged 70 jcan,
8 months, and 23 days.

Ellis, Allen C, son of Joseph and Eliza (StiUings) Ellis, wai bofs
in Port William, Ohio, 1B44, Oct. 15. Entered Wittenberg College, Ohioi
in 1865, but graduated, Adrian College and Evanston Biblical Institute, I
both, in 1873. Received Methodist ordination as elder, in Bcllbr
Ohio, and became pastor of the Methodist Church, Adrian, Mich., %\
September, but soon went to Chattanooga, and eiij,'aged in " " '

American Missionary Association. Married, 187^ ~

1876.] Vital Statistics of the Con^regatiettal Ministers. 425

daughter of Jobn fmd Mary McCIure, of Bellbrook. No children. He
died of consumption, at Tate Springs, Tenn., 1875, May 30, aged 30 years,
7 months, and 15 days.

Everett, Robert, d. d., son of Lewis and Jane (Parry) Eyerett, was
born in Grooant, near Newmarket, North Wales, i79i,Jan. 3. Studied
under Rev. Thomas Jones, Newmarket, and in Denbigh Academy. He
b^^ to preach [n 1809, but in 181 1 entered Wrexham Theological Serai-
nary, and completed a four years' course. Ordained, Denbigh, 1815 ; dis-
missed, 1823. Came to America, and became pastor of the Welsh Con-
gregational Church, Utica, N, Y., 1823, July; resigned, 1832. Acting
pastor. East Winiield, N. Y., 1833-5, ^^^ Presbyterian Church, Westem-
ville, N, Y., 1835-8. 1838, April, became pastor of the two Welsh Con-
gregational Churches of Steuben, N. Y., and so continued till death,
though preaching only occasionally, the last years. Hamilton College
gave him the degree of D. D., 1861, and in 1871 the Welsh people in this
country gave him a testimonial of fi,ioo. In Denbigh, 1816, he published
** Stenographia," and was the first to adapt short-hand writing to the Welsh
language. In 1822, at Denbigh, he published "The First Catechism," of
which sixty editions have been published in Wales, and six in America.
At Steuben he published a larger catechism; also, "Arveioydd" (Guide),
sn aid to reading Welsh, of which fifteen editions have been published.
1840, January, he published the first number of K. Ctnkaitwr American'
aidd (The American Missionary), a Welsh Congregational monthly, still
edited by his son. He also published, in 1843, ¥. Dyngarwr (The Fhi-
lantbropist), devoted to antislavery and temperance ; and 1850-52, Y.
Dtthotydd (Eclectic). Two Welsh hymn-books, published in 1839 and
1846, were in large part prepared by him. He married, 1816, Aug, z8,
Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth (Lewis) Roberts, who, with
nioe of eleven children, survived him. He died of pneumonia, in Steuben
(near Remsen), 1875, Feb. 25, aged 84 years, 7 months, and 23 days.

Feeuster, Sauuel Calvin, son of Rev. Silas Jamieson and Abigail
McClary (Davis) Feemster, was bora in York District, S. C, 1834, Feb.
8. Prepared for college in Ridgeway Academy, and graduated, Tusculum
College, 1859. Studied theology with his father. He was compelled to
come north on account of his opposition to the Confederacy, and was not
ordained until 1866, Dec. i, when he became assistant pastor, with his
&ther, of the Salem Congregational Church (near Columbus), Miss. His
lather, after a thirty years' pastorate, died 1867, April 20, and he remained
lole pastor until death. He founded the Christian Republic, the only re-
ligious paper published in the South, in 1870, and continued to edit it till
June, 1875. Married, 1865, Oct 27, Mary, daughter of James and Jane
Ferguson, of Byron, 111. He died of consumption, 1875, July 16, aged 41
years, 5 montlis, nnd 8 days.
fENN, Stephen, son of Jerembh and Polly (I'ecl:) Fenn, was bom
1, Conn., 1824, Oct. 6. Kitted for collc^'c in the Hopkins Gram-
Graduated, Yale CoUi;j;e, 1349. laugiit two years in Nor-
Entered YaleTheologicalSeraioary.butgraduated,

426 Vital Statistics of the Congregational Ministers. [July,

Andover Theological Seminary, 1854. Ordained, TorriDgford, OmiL,
1854, Nov. 16; dismissed, 1857, Sept 14. Installed, South Cornwall,
Conn., 1859, ^^y i^ ) dismissed, 1867, Dec. 4. Installed, Watertown,
Conn., 1868, Sept. 16 ; dismissed, 1872, March 26. Acting pastor, Wap-
ping. South Windsor, Conn., 1873, October, till death. Married, 1854,
Dec. 6, Sarah Roberts, of Vernon, Conn., daughter of Alfred Cornelius
and Sally (Lee) Roberts, who died eight days before him, without children.
He died of typhoid pneumonia, 1875, Feb. 19, aged 50 years, 4 months^
and 13 days.

Finney, Charles Grandison, son of Sylvester and Rebecca Finney,
was born in Warren, Conn., 1792, Aug. 29. Early life spent in Oneida
and Jefferson Counties, N. Y. Attended some academy in Connecticut,
1815-18. Studied law at Adams, N. Y., till 1821, and practised there;
Studied theology with Rev. George W. Gale, of Adams. Ordained by St
Lawrence Presbytery, 1824. Preached as evangelist in Middle and East-
em States until installed, Second Free Presbyterian Church, New Yoik

city, 1833, October; dismissed, . Installed, Broadway Tabernacle

Church, 1834. Theological Professor, Oberlin, 1835. June, and retained
connection with the college till death. Was president from 1 851 to 1866^
Professor Intellectual and Moral Philosophy, 1851-58, and pastor First
Congregational Church, 1835-72. Labored also as evangelist during tiie
winter months, till i860 ; also in Great Britain, eighteen months, 1849-50^
and again, 1859-60. He published ** Lectures on Revivals," " Lectures to
Professing Christians," " Sermons on Important Subjects," ** Guide to Ac
Saviour," " Lectures on Systematic Theology," and '* Finney on Masonry.'*
Married, ist, 1824, October, Lydia R., daughter of Nathaniel and Jerusha
Andrews, of Whitestown, N. Y. She died 1847, December, leaving five
children. He married, 2d, 1848, November, Elizabeth Ford Atkinson, of
Akron, O. She died, Syracuse, N. Y., 1861, December, and he married,
3d, 1865, September, Mrs. Rebecca (Allen) Rayl. He died in Oberlin, of
a heart affection, 1875, Aug. 16, aged 82 years, 11 months, and 17 days.

Fleming, Archibald, son of Robert and Elizabeth (McNiel) Fleming,
was born in Paisley, Scotland, 1800, Feb. 13. Preparatory studies in
Paisley, and, after 1820, in Burlington, Vt. Graduated, Vermont Univer-
sity, 1828; Princeton Theological Seminary, in the class of 1832, two
years, but did not graduate. Ordained, Whitehall, N. Y., 1832, Sept 6;
dismissed, 1837, March. Installed, Haverhill, N. H., 1838, June 27; dis-
missed, 1841, Sept. 23. Installed, Brookfield, Vt, 1850, Feb. 13;
dismissed, 1855, Oct 2. Acting pastor, Shoreham, Vt, 1857-9. Without
charge, Burlington, Vt, 1860-1. Acting pastor, Constable, N. Y., 1861,
December, to 1872, July. Without charge, Malone, N. Y., from that time.
He published '* Lessons in Geography and Astronomy on the Globes,"
1844, and in 1869, with an introduction by Rufus Anderson, d.d., ** Church
Polity ; its Scriptural Grounds and Congregational Superstructure." Mar-
ried, 1832, Oct. 23, Julia, daughter of Epaphras and Mary (Atwater) Hull,
of Hinesburgh, Vt. Had five children. Died in Malone, N. Y., of organic
disease of the stomach, 1875, June 3, aged 75 years, 4 months, and 10 days.

1876.] Vital Statistics of the Congregational Ministers. 427

Griswold, Samuel, son of Silvanus and Mary (Denison) Griswold, was
bom. East Lyme, Conn.. 1795, Oct. 25. Fitted for college under tuition
of Rev. Lathrop Rockwell, of Old Ljrme. Graduated, YaJe College, 1818,
and Andover Theological Seminary, 1821. Preached as an evangelist
among Connecticut churches until 1829, being ordained at Farmington,
Conn., 1828, Oct. 14. In 1830, became an editor of the New York Evan-
gelist; but soon returned to Connecticut, preaching in Derby and in New
Haven, 1832, March, to 1833, January. Then removed to Rochester,
N. v., as editor of the Rochester Observer. Preached in Brighton, 1834,
January, to 1836, January ; Prattsburgh, 1836, June, to 1837, June; Bergen,
1^37 >> June, to 1840, June. Lived in Mumfordville and preached in vicinity
till 1843. May. Then one year in Covington. Acting pastor, North Lyme,
Conn., 1844, Dec. 8, to 1848, May 17. Chaplain, State Prison, Wethers-
field, 1850, May, to 1852, August Acting pastor, Gouvemeur, N. Y.,
1852, November, to 1854, May; Andover, Conn., 1854, November, to
1855, September; Talcott Street Church, Hartford, Conn., 1855, Septem-
ber, to 1856, April. Without charge, removing to Old Saybrook, 1863,
May. Married, ist, Maria, daughter of John Cobb, of Vermont She
died in North Lyme, 1849, Sept 27, and he married, 2d, 1853, May 4,
Amelia^ daughter of John and Jemima (Youngs) Ayer, of Old Saybrook.
He died of pneumonia, 1875, J^^ iS> ^gtd 79 years, 8 months, and 24
days.

Hooker, Edward William, d. d., son of Rev. Asahel and Phebe
(Edwards) Hooker, was born, Goshen, Conn., 1794, Nov. 24. Graduated,
Middlebury College, 18 14, and Andover Theological Seminary, 18 17. Or-
dained, Green Farms, Westport, Conn., 1821, Aug. 15 ; dismissed, 1829,
Jan. 27. Associate general agent, American Temperance Society, and
editor Journal of Humanity^ Andover, 1829-30. Installed, Bennington,
Vt, 1832, Feb. 22 ; dismissed, 1844, May 14. Professor of Sacred Rhet-
oric and Ecclesiastical History, Theological Institute of Connecticut, at
East Windsor Hill, 1844. Aug. 25, to 1848, Aug. 24. Installed, South
Windsor, Conn., 1849, Sept 5; dismissed, 1856, April 16. Installed, Fair-
haven, Vt, 1856, Aug. 20; dismissed, 1862, Nov. 18. Lived after this,
with children, in Newburyport, Mass., Nashua, N. H., Stockbridge,
Mass., and Fort Atkinson, Wis. Williams College gave him the degree
of D. D., 1840. He was a trustee of Middlebury College, 1834-44, and a
corporate member American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Mis-
sions from 1840. He published '* Memoir of Sarah Lanman Smith," " Life
of Thomas Hooker," " Early Conversions," and " Elihu Lewis ; or. The
Fatal Christmas "; and, pamphlets, " Marks of Spiritual Declension,"
*• Fifty Reasons for Attending Public Worship," ** Plea for Sacred Music,"
" Prayer for Literary and Professional Institutions," " Tract to Spectator
of a Public Execution," " Believing the Truth," ** Character and Office of
the Holy Spirit," " Prayer for the Holy Spirit," '* Love to Divine Truth,"
'* Preaching the Word," " The Sinner not the Christian Deranged," " Ser-
mon on the Catastrophe of the Princeton," " Missionary Maps," " Eminent
Piety and Sound Scholarship," " Duties to the Aged," ** Divine Discipline

428 Vital Statistics of the Cofigregational Ministers. [July,

of the Christian Ministry," ** Sacred Music in Religious Worship," ** The
Christian called Home," " God glorified in the Christian's Death," * Mu-
sic as a part of Female Education," '* Addresses " on Music, at Castleton,
Vt., Pittsfield, Mass., and Annual Musical Convention, New York, ^ Dis-
course at Centennial of Litchfield County Consociation," ^ Memorial of
Rev. £. C. Hooker," also many magazine and newspaper articles and
tracts. Married, 1821, Oct 10, Faith Trumbull, daughter of Jabez and
Sarah (Lanman) Huntington, of Norwich, Conn. She died, Somerville,
Mass., 1850, May 5, and of their six children, four survive. He married,
2d, 1850, Nov. 19, Mrs. Elizabeth Hunt (Sheldon) L3rman, of Troy, N. Y.
She died, Fairhaven, Vt., 1856, Sept. 4, and he married, 3d, 1857, Dec 28,
Lucy, daughter of Philip Bayley, of Newburyport. She died, 1870, Nov.
II. He died, Fort Atkinson, Wis., of influenza, 1875, March 31, aged 80
years, 4 months, and 7 days.

House, Albert Van Fossen, son of Rev. E. and Lydia (Sabin) Housei
was born "in or near" Rochester, N. Y., 181 8, Oct. 14. Not liberally
educated, but served for years in the army. Received Methodist licensure
1857, and was stationed at Reedsburgh, Wis. Acting pastor, Hawleyville,
Iowa, 1860-3, April, and ordained i860, Aug. 26. Acting pastor. Glen-
wood, la., 1862, April, to 1865, July; Quincy, Fontanelle, and Nevinville,
1865, July, to 1866, September; Monticello, Minn., 1866, September, to

1867, March ; Princeton, Minn., 1867, March, to 1868, March ; Otho, laL,

1868, July, 1870, March ; Manson, la., 1870, April, to 1874, August; Law-
ler, la., 1874, Aug. Married, in early life, a Mrs. Smith. Two children
are living. He married, 2d, 1855, Sept. 15, Mary F. Sherman, of Galesburg,
111., who, with nine children, survives him. He died of asthma and influ-
enza, in Lawler, 1875, ^^y 27, aged 56 years, 7 months, and 13 days.

Hudson, Cyrus, son of Barzillai and Anna (Dunning) Hudson, was
born, Dorset, Vt., 1800, June 30. Preparatory studies with Rev. William
Jackson, and at Castleton Academy. Graduated, Middlebury College^
1824. Taught at Salina, N. Y., 1824-26. Studied theology at Auburn
Theological Seminary, in the class of 1828, but did not graduate. Or-
dained evangelist, Scipio, N. Y., 1830, Feb. 2. Acting pastor, Milan,
N. Y., and Groton, to 1831. Installed, Canaan Four Corners, N. Y., 1831,
March 2 ; dismissed, 1834. Acting pastor, Curtis ville, Stockbridge, 1833,
May, 1837. Agent American Tract Society, in Western New York,
1837-9. Installed Pres. Church. Mt. Morris, N. Y., 1839 ; dismissed, 1847.
Installed, Dorset, Vt, 1847, Oct. 27 ; resigned, 1853, but not formally dis-
missed until i860, Dec. 25. Agent of Middlebury College, 1853-55. Act-
ing pastor, Elizabethtown and Lewis, N. Y., 1856-61. Without charge,
Rutland, Vt., 1861-68, and later, with daughters, in Belvidere, and Spring-
field, 111. Married, 1829, Jan. 23, Eliza, daughter of Rev. Daniel and Anna
(Jagger) Marsh, of Bennington, Vt., who, with three of seven children,
survives him. He died of no particular disease, Springfield, IlL, 1875,
Dec. II, aged 75 years, 5 months, and 11 days.

HuRLBUT, Joseph, son of Samuel and Matilda (Denison) Hurlbut, was
born. New London, Conn., 1799, Aug. 23. New London and Colchester

1876.] Vttal Statistics of the Congregational Ministers. 429

Academies. Graduated, Yale College, 1818, and Princeton Theological
Semioary, 1S22, having spent one year at Andover. Licensed 1822, March
33. Supplied First Presbyterian Church, Brooklyn, N. Y., six months.
Ordained, Third Presbyterian Church, Albany, N. Y., 1823, Oct. 25. Dis-
missed*, 1824, Oct 17. Without charge, Nev York, 1824-32, assisting in
the labors of the American Tract and Home Missionary Societies. Act-
ing pastor. Second Congregational Church, New London, Conn., 1S33-37.
Missionary to remnant of Pequot tribe of Indians, at Mohegan, 1838-62.
Post chaplain at Fort Trumbull, 1863, May, to 1867, May. Married, 1824,
June 16, Mafy Crawford, daughter of Peter and Mary (Cruickshanka)
Hattrick, of New York City, who survives him, with seven of eleven chil-
dren. Died suddenly, of heart disease, in New London, 1875, June 5,
aged 75 years, 9 months, and 13 days.

JAMES, Horace, son of Dea. Galen and Mary Rand (Turner) James,
was bom, Medford, Mass., t8i8, May 6. Phillips Academy, Andover.
Graduated, Yale College, 1840, and Andover Theological Seminary, 1843,
having spent his second seminary year at New Haven. Ordained, Wren-
tbam, Mass., 1843, Nov. I ; dismissed, 1853, Jan. 15. Installed, Old
South Church, Worcester, 1853, Feb. 3 ; dismissed, 1863. July z. Chap-
bin, Twenty-fifth Regiment Mass. Volunteers, 1861, Oct. 28, to 1864, Feb.
19. Assistant Quartermaster and Superintendent of Freedmen, North
Carolina, until 1866, Jan. 8, but remained South a year longer. Installed,
First Church, Lowell, 1867, Oct 31 ; dismissed, 1870, Dec. 13. District
Secretary, American and Foreign Christian Union, in New York, 1871.
Acting pastor and pastor-elect, Greenvrich, Conn., 187a. Travelled
abroad 1872-3, and spent the winter 1873-4 South. Without charge,
Boylston, Mass., 1874-5. He published a "Thanksgiving Sermon," 1846;
" Wrentham Jubilee," 1850; and several Reports and Lectures on Educa-
tion. Was 3 proprietor and associate editor of Tht Congregationalist
from i&67,and wrote often for its columns. He married, 1843, September,
Helen, daughter of Gen. David and Corinna (Aldrich) Leavitt, of Boston,
who, with one daughter of their seven children, survives him. Died in
Boylston, of consumption, 1875, June 9, aged 57 years, I month, and 3
days.

Kimball, David, son of David and Priscilla (Herrick) Kimball, was
bom Hopkinlon, N. H., 1791, March 18. Phillips Academy, Andover.
Graduated, Yale College, 1818, and Andover Theological Seminary, 1821.
Ordained, Presbyterian Church, Martinsburg, N. Y., 1822, June 27, and
he organized a church in l.owv[lIe, of which he had pastoral charge j dis-
missed, 1S31. Installed, Plainfield, Mass., 1831, March aj dismiMcd,
1835, January. Editor Niw Hampshire Obsit-uer, Concord, tS3S-43.
Proprietor Dartmouth Press, Hanover, from 1845-66. Also, I
tor, Hanover Centre, 1845-B, and Wenthersiield Centre, Vtt- if
out charge, Rockford, IlL, 1867. Married, 1822, Aug. 6, T
daughter of Nathaniel and Elizabeth (Epes) Carter, of IiTm
with one only of live sons, survives him. Died in T
1^75) Feb- 3, aged 83 years, 10 months, and 21 days.

430 Vital Staiistia of the Congregational Ministers. [July,

Kino, Bebiah, was bom Coeymans, N. Y., 1805, Oct. 1 1. Eariy life in
medical practice. Ordaioed 1857, May 13. at Napoleon, Mich. Acting
pastor, Napoleon, Mich., i8s7-*6o; Mllion, Wis., 1860-3; Boscohel,
1864-8; Oak Grove, 1868-70. Without charge, Milwaukee, 1870-71.
Acting paator, Gamavillo, Iowa, 1S71-72; National, 1872-75. Married,
ist, iSzg, Aug. 36, Miss Mary Ann Millard, daughter of Dea. Jesse and
Lucinda (Loomis] Millard, at Milan, N, Y. She died at MiiiraQkee^
Wis., 1871, Jan. 22. They had one daughter. Married, 3d, 1873, Not.

18, Mrs, Polly Alvira Johnson, daughter of Amos and Polly (Brown)
King, at Milan, N. Y. Died, National, Iowa, of hcan disease, 1875, Jan.

19, aged 69 years, 8 months, and 29 days.

Lacv, Edward Silas, son of David and Rowena (Foster) Lacy, mi
born in Galway, N. Y., 1826, Nov. 27, Fitted for college at Starkey Acad-
emy. Graduated Hamilton College, i8jo, and AuLura Tliculogical Scmr
nary, 1853, Ordained at Syracuse, by Onondaga Presbytery, 1854, April
12. Acting pastor, Crescent City, Cal., 1854-;. Installed, First Coagic-
gatiooal Church, San Francisco, 1856, July 6; dismissed, 1865, Oct}
Travelled in Europe two years ; spent four years on a fann near Marlins-
burg, Va. ; then, with better health, returned to CaliforDia, and was pastor
of the independent " Divinity Church," Brooklyn, 1871-4. Married, 1859,
Dec. 6, Lucy Hill, daughter of Charles and Isabella (Hill) Borland, of
Montgomery, N. Y., who, with one son and two daughters, survives him.
Died in St. Helena, Cal., of consumption, 1875, Aug. 23, aged 48 yean,
8 months, and 26 days.

Maile, John, son of John and Mary Maile, was born in Fen Drayton,
Cambridgeshire, England, 1812, Jan. 16. In Borough School, London,
1830-2. Teacher 1843-50. Came to this country 1850, and pursued farm-
ing and teaching. In 1865 left a Baptist Church in New York, and helped
organize Congregational Church, East Johnstown, Mich. Ordained evao'
gelist, 1872, Jan. 17, and was acting pastor, E. Johnstown, one year.
Married, 1S35, Mary, daughter of James and Mary Louton, of Dry Dray-
ton, England. Two only, of their seven children, living, one being Rev.
John L. Maile, of Cheboygan, Mich. Died at Addison, Mich., of bron-
chitis, 1875, July 17, aged 63 years, 6 months, and I day,

Mann, Royal, son of John and Lucy (Dutton) Mann, was bom
Orford, N. H., 1805, Nov. 6. Graduated, Dartmouth College, 1.829, ""*
Auburn Theological Seminary, 1834, having spent two years in Union
Theological Seminary. Teacher, New York City, 1834-8. Ordained,
Marion, N. Y., 1839, March to; also, teacher of Greek and Latin, Marion
Collegiate Institute, three years ; dismissed and installed, successively, at
Chili, N. Y. ; Presbyterian Church, Webster, N. Y. ; again at Marion,aDd
the Presbyterian Churches, Hector and Penfield, N, Y. Married, 1st,
1839, Oct. 13, Sarah P., daughter of Elisha Lee, of Qinton, N. Y. ; id,
1861, Jan. 31, Mrs. Mary A. Raymond, daughter of Elisha Rich, of
Brighton, N. Y. ; and, 3d, 1866, Oct. 16, Mrs. Laura Durfee, of Marion.
Only son died in 1S63, in the army. Died, Marion, 1875, Aug. 10, aged
69 years, 9 months, and 4 days.

1 876.] Vital Statistics of the Congregational Ministers. 43 1

Miles, James Browning, d. d., son of Willard Moore and Alice
(Browning) Miles, was bom in Rutland, Mass., 1822, Aug. 18. Gradu-
ated, Yale College, 1849, ^^^ Yale Theological Seminary, 1854. In An-
dover Theological Seminary, 1852, and tutor Yale College, 1 852-4.
Ordained, ist Church, Charlestown, Mass., 1855, Jan. 2 ; dismissed, 1871,
October 2, and became Secretary American Peace Society ; also of the
International Code Society. Beloit College gave him the degree of D. D.,
in 1872. Married, 1856, Aug. 5, Julia £., daughter of Rev. Joseph and
Mary C. (Hattrick) Hurlbut, of New London, Conn. Two of their three
children are living. Died suddenly at Worcester, of peritonitis, 1875,
Nov. 13, aged 53 years, 2 months, and 26 days.

Miner, Edward Goddard, son of Benjamin Franklin and Henrietta
(Bassett) Miner, was born, Roxbury, Mass., 1824, Sept. 21. Phillips
Academy, Andover. Graduated, Harvard College, 1847, and Andover
Theological Seminary, 1851, having taught one year. Ordained, Prairie
du Lac, Wis., 1852, Feb. 12 ; dismissed, 1854. Acting pastor, Geneva,
Wis., 1855-56. Acting pastor, Whitewater, Wis., 1858, September, —
1866, October. Acting Professor of Rhetoric and English Literature,
Beloit College, 1867. Acting pastor, Geneva, 1867, September, to 1875,
March. Married, 1853, May 5, Phebe Caroline, daughter of Merritt and
Amelia Qark, of Baraboo, Wis., who with four of their six children sur-
vive. Died in Geneva, of mesenteric consumption, 1875, July 4, aged
50 years, 9 months, and 13 days.

Morse, Josiah, m. d., son of Oliver and Sally (Haines) Morse, was
bom in Danville, Vt., 1798, Sept. 17. District-school education and taught
seventeen terms of school. Ordained, St. Johnsbury Centre, Vt., 1833,
Feb. 21 ; dismissed, 1843, May 3. Acting pastor. Concord, Vt, 1843,
May, to 1846, April. Stewartstown, N. H., 1846, April, to 1850, May. Mar-
quette, Mich., 1850, to May, 1851. Practised medicine, Groveton, Northum-
berland, N. H., from 1855. Also acting pastor, Guildhall, Vt., 1860-63.
Married, 18 19, Dec. 30, Jeanette, daughter of Caleb and Elizabeth Stiles,
of Bamet, Vt. Of ten children, two daughters are living. Died at Grove-
ton, 1875, ]^^^ 10, aged 76 years, 9 months, 3 days.

Northrop, Bennett Fairchild, son of Joshua and Phebe (Fair-
child) Northrop, was bom in Brookfield, Conn., 1801, Oct. 16. Phillips
Academy, ^ndover. Graduated, Yale College, 1824, and studied two years
in Auburn Theological Seminary. Acting pastor, Tolland, Mass., J 827-8.
Ordained, Manchester, Conn., 1829, Feb 4; dismissed, 1850, Oct. 29. Agent
American Sunday School Union, 1850-2. Installed, Griswold, Conn.,
1853, July I ; dismissed, 1870, July 3. Married, 1827, May 5, Martha,
daughter of Major Joseph and Rhoda Stillman, of Wethersfield, Conn.
She died 1844, Sept. 17, and of her eight children three daughters survive.
He married, 2d, 1845, June 24, Elizabeth C, daughter of Isaac D. and
Mary W. Bull, of Hartford, who survives him. Died, Griswold, Conn.,
of softening of the brain, 1875, March 4, aged 73 years, 4 months, and 19
days.

Owen, William, son of Stephen and Catherine Owen, was born in

432 Vital Statistics of tlu Congregational Ministers. [July,

Pembrokeshire, Wales, 1844, Oct 23. Congregational Memorial G)llege,
Brecon, 1868-70. Ordained, Coalburgh, Ohio, 1870, Sept Married,
1870, a daughter of Rev. W. Williams. Died, Coalburg, of consnmptioii,
1875, J^'^^ '4* ^^^ 30 years, 7 months, and 22 days.

Pratt, Almon Bradley, son of Miner and Mary (Mallory) Pratt, was
bom in North Cornwall, Conn., 1812, June 3. Preparatory studies in
South Cornwall Entered Yale College, but failing health compelled him
to leave. Two years, 1839-41, in Union Theological Seminary. Ordained
evangelist, Genesee, Mich., 1852, April 13. Acting pastor there, 1852-
65. Without charge, Flint, Mich., 1865-68 ; Berea, Kentucky, 1868-73.
Acting pastor. Camp Creek, Nebraska, 1873, September, to 187$, Decem-
ber. Married, 1841, Aug. 11, Amanda, daughter of Dea. Noah and Eliza-
beth Rogers, of North Cornwall, Conn., who, with three of ^y^ children,
survives him. Died of heart disease, Camp Creek, Neb., 1875, Dec 28,
aged 63 years, 5 months, and 25 days.

RowE, Aaron Young Lane, son of William and Mary (Pike) Rowe,
was born in Bath, N. Y., 18 17, Nov. 23. Education in Bath. Ordained
evangelist, Lawrence, Mich., 1850, October [or 1844 (?)]. Acting pastor,
Lawrence, Mich., Hartford, Mich., 1854-57 ; Watervliet, Mich., 1857-61;
Keeler, 1861. Without charge, Benton, Mich., 1862. In the army as second
lieutenant, 4th Michigan Cavalry, and chaplain, I22d colored regiment
Acting pastor. Corpus Christi, Texas, 1866^ and installed there 1871,
Dec. I ; dismissed, 1873. Acting pastor. Savannah, Ga., 1873. Mankd,
1844, Aug. 12, Mary, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth (Fisher) Vaoness,
of Urbana, N. Y. She survives, with four children. Died in Savannah,
1875, July 16, aged 57 years, 7 months, and 23 days.

Sanford, David, son of Philo and Lydia (Whiting) Sanford (grand-
son of Rev. David S., of Medway), was bom in Medway, Mass., 1801,
Aug. 28. Studied in Bradford Academy. Graduated, Brown University,
1825, and Andover Theological Seminary, 1828. Ordained, Newmarket,
N. H., 1828, May 28 ; dismissed, 1830, June 22. Installed, Village
Church, Dorchester, Mass., 1830, July 14 ; dismissed, 1838, Sept. 17. In-
stalled, Village Church, Medway, 1838, Oct. 3, and was senior pastor until
death. Published a sermon before Norfolk Co. Education Society, 1840 ;
Sermon to Young Men, 1848 ; Sermon to Young Ladies, 1849, and Funeral
Sermon of Mrs. James B. Wilson, 1850. Married, ist, Sarah P., daugh-
ter of Obed and Sarah (Parkhurst) Daniels, of Hopkinton, Mass. She
died i860, Jan. 2, and he married, 2d, Mrs. Adeline D. Patrick, daughter
of Isaac and Polly (Rice) Davis, of Northboro', Mass. Seven of his nine
children are living. He died of consumption, 1875, ^^c- ^7t ^ed 74 years,
3 months, and 20 days.

Segur, Seth Willard, son of Joseph and Martha (Briggs) Stgaiy
was born in Chittenden, Vt., 1 83 1, Dec. 24. Royalton Academy. Gradu-
ated, Middlebury College, 1859, and Auburn Theological Seminary, 1862.
Ordained evangelist in Pittsfield, Vt, 1862, May 28. Acting pastor, Tall-
madge, Ohio, 1862, June, until installed, 1867, Feb. 6; dismissed, 1871,
April 30. Installed, Evangelical Church, Gloucester^ Mass., 1871, June

1876.] Vital Statistics of the Con^egatwnal Ministers, 433

14 ; dismissed, 1873, Feb. 15. Installed, West Medway, Mass., 1873, May
7, and died in office. Married, 1859, Sept. 13, Ellen, daughter of William
mnd Czarina (Cole) Blossom, of Pittsfield, Vt., who with one son survives.
Published " The Relation and Responsibilities of Pastor and People," and
sermons on " The True Manhood," " The Nation's Hope," and " National
Blessings and Duties." Died while on a visit to his former floclc in Tall-
ma(%e, Ohio, of typhoid fever, 1875, Sept. 24, aged 43 years and 9
months.

Starr, John Wolcott, son of John S. and Lydia A. (Lay) Starr, was
bom in Guilford, Conn., 1848, March 9. Guilford Institute. Graduated,
Yale College, 1871, and Theological Seminary, 1874. Ordained evangelist,
Guilford, Conn., 1874, June 18, Acting pastor, Stewartslown, West, N. H.,
nntil death. Died of tung fever, 1875, June 22, aged 27 years, 3 months,
and 13 days.

Stratton, Royal Byron, son of Daniel F. and Lucinda (Judd) Strat-
tOD, was bom in Potsdam, N. Y., 1827, Jan. 10. Studied in Potsdam
Academy aad with Dr. Brainerd. Ordained, Methodist, in 1848, Rome,
M. Y., and stationed at Lawrenceville, Moira, and Malone. Sacramento,
Cal^ 1851-3, and Yreka, 1854; Little Falls, N. Y., 1858-9, and Albany.
Cha.plain i6th Regiment New York Volunteers. Installed, Congre-
gationalist. Great Barrington, 1864, March i ; dismissed, ig66, December.
Installed, Old South Church, Worcester, Mass., 1867, Jan. 2 ; dismissed,
1873, April 2$. Married, 1848, Lucia L., daughter of Benjamin and Mary
P. Lane. Four children. He died in Worcester Lunatic Hospital, of
paralysis of brain, 1875, Jan. z4< aged 48 years and 14 days.

Thomas, William Jones, son of Edmund and Mary (Jones) Thomas
[she was a daughter of the Rev. David Jones], was bom in Cwm-avou,
Glamorganshire, Wales, t839,julyii. He was a miner when he began
to preach. Ordained, Shenandoah, Penn., 1872, Feb. 18, and died in office.
Married, ist, 1863, July, Ann, daughter of David and Martha Evans, of
Cwm-avon, Wales. She died 1867, Aug. 3r, at the same place, and he
married, 2d, Margaret, daughter of William M. and Winifred Jones, of
Shenandoah, Penn., who survives him, with four children, two by his
first wife. Died of bilious fever, 1875, June 22, aged 35 years and 11
days.

Thompson, Wiluam Augustus, son of Prof. William and Eliia W.
(Butler) Thompson, was bom East Windsor Hill, Conn., 1838, Nov. 17,
East Windsor Academy. Graduated, Dartmouth College, i860, and Hart-
ford Theological Seminary, 1863. Clerk in the United States Treasury
Department, Washington, D. C^ 1863, November, to 1866, July, Or-
dained, Conway, Mass., 1S6S, Sept. 30; dismissed, 1872, Jan. 29. In-
stalled, Old South Churcli, Rending, Mass., 1872, Feb. 14. and died in
office. Married, 1871, Feb, 9, Maria, daugbtac BtJJM^j^vid and Eliza
(Walker) Dobie, of Montreal, Cnnada. QMH^^^^HMWRyj 1875,
Sept. 17, aged 36 years and 10 months. '
TOOTRAKER, HORACE, son of EbCB a
1x»n Oldtown, Me., 1833, Feb. 12.

434 Vital Statistics of the Congregational Miuisten. [Jul;,

N. H., and three years in Dartmouth College, but did not gndnate.
Taught in Athol, Mass. Graduated, Bangor Theological Seminair, iS6i.
Ordained evangelist, Boothbay, Me., 1861, Sept. 5. Acting pastor tlieic
to 1864. Installed, New Sharon, Me., 1864, OcL 19; dismissed, 187^
Sept. 3. Acting pastor, Deering, Me., 1872, Oct 1, to 1873, September.
Married, 1861, Aug. 22, Lucy M., daughter of Ward and Mehitable Bidy
ards, of West Bridgewaler, Mass. Two children living and one deceased.
He died of consumption, in Albany, Ga., where he had gone ■eeking
health, 1875, March i, aged 42 years and 17 days.

ToPLiTF, Stephen, son of Cyrus and Mary (Streeter) Topliff, mi
bom in Wellington, Conn., 1796, Nov, 9. Phillips Academy, Andover.
Graduated, Yale College, 1825, and Yale Theolc^cal Seminary, t82&
Acting pastor, Westfield Church, Middletown, Conn., 1827, October, to
1828, October. Ordained evangelist, North Branford, Conn., 1838, Oct
IS- Installed, Westfield, 1829, May 27; dismissed, 1838, Oct 3. Teacher,
Columbus, O., 1838-40. Installed, Oxford, Conn., 1841, Sept. I ; dismissed
i86o, July. Without charge, Cromwell, Conn. Married, 1838, OcL 14,
Almira, daughter of Seth and Molly Wilcox, of Westfield Parish, Middle-
town. Two children. Died in Cromwell, Conn., of dysentery, 1875, Aug.
7, aged 78 years, 8 months, and 28 days.

Tracy, Ira, son of Joseph and Ruth (Carter) Tracy, was bom in Hart-
ford, Vt., 1806, Jan. 15. Fitted for college under his elder brother, Ren
Joseph Tracy, D. o. Graduated, Dartmouth College, 1829, and Andover
Theological Seminary, 1S32. Ordained evangelist, Hartford, Vt., 1831,
Oct. 26. Sailed from New York, a missionary of the American Board of
Commissioners for Foreign Missions, for China, 1833, June 15; reached
Canton Oct. 26, and Singapore 1834, July 24. Failing health compelled
him to visit India, 1839, November, and to return to this country, 1841,
August. Acting paslor, Franklin Mills, O., 1846-9, and Streetsboroi^
O., 1849-51; Blaise's Prairie [now Bloomington], Wis., 1851, Octo-
ber. Installed there, 1853, dismissed, i8;6, March. Acting pastor,
Spring Valley, Minn., 1856, September, to 1861, March. Without charge,
Bloomington, Wis., on a farm, since 1861. He published "Duty to the
Heathen," " Errors of Swedenborg," "The Mode of Baptism," and "The
Christian's Inheritance." Married, 1835, Jan. ij, in Singapore, Adeline
daughter of Alfred and Sarah (Gilbert} White, of West Brookfield, Mau.
She died in Streetsborough, O., 1851, April, leaving three children, of
whom Rev. Alfred E. Tracy is one. He married, ad, 1852, Oct. 28, Hn.
Elizabeth C. Gleason, daughter of Jesse and Rebecca (Thomas) Charho^
of East Windsor Hill, Conn. Died in Bloomington, of paralyaia, 187&
Nov. 10, aged 69 years, 9 months, and 26 days.

Trask, George, son of Jeremiah and Hannah (Wallis) Trask, was twm
in Beverly, Mass., 1796, Aug. 26. Gorham, Me., Academy. Graduated,
Bowdoin College, i8z6, and Andover Theological Seminary, 1829. Or-
dained, Framingham, Mass., 1830, SepL 15; dismissed, 1&36. April 27.
Installed, Warren, Mass., 1836, Nov. 23; dismissed, 1847, April. In-
stalled, Fitchburg, Mass., 1847, July 21 ; dismissed, 1849^ June i& WU

1876.] Vitai Statistics of the Congregational Ministers. 435

out charge, in Fitchburg, froni that time, engaged in temperance and anti-
tobacco labors. He published about one hundred and tony tracts and two
booVs, "The Anti-Tobacco Campaigns," and "Uncle Toby." Married,
1831, April IS, Ruth Freeman, daughter of Asa and Nancy (Quiocy)
Packard, of Lancaster, Mass., who survives him. Six children. Died in
FitchbuTg, of heart disease, 1875, Jan. 35, aged 69 years, 6 months, and
30 days.

Tdcker, Mark, d. d., son of David and Eunice (Tallman) Tucker,
was bom Whitestown, N. Y., 1795, June 7. Preparatory studies in Whites-
town. Graduated, Union College, 1814. Studied theology with Pres. E,
Nott, D. D. Ordained, Stillwater, N. Y., 1817, Oct. 8 ; dismissed, 1833 or
'24. Installed colleague with Rev. Solomon Williams, Northampton, Mass.,
1834, March 10; dismissed, 1827, Aug. 16. Installed, Second Presbyte-
rian Church, Troy, N. Y., 1837, Oct. 31 ; dismissed, 1837, Oct. 31. In-
stalled, Providence, R. I., Beneficent Church, 1837, June 30 ; dismissed,
1845, Sept 24. Installed, Wethenfield, Conn., 1845, Oct. ij ; dismissed,
1856, March 34. Installed, Vernon, Conn., 1857, April 151 dismissed, 1863.
April 1. Without charge, Ellington and Old Saybrook, Conn., and after
1S65, Wethersfield. Williams College gave the honorary degree of D, D.
In 1831. He was chosen a director of the American Home Missionary
Society in 1833, and a vice-president in 1844, and was a corporate member
of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions from 1838.
Married, 1818, Feb. 19, Harriet Selden, daughter of Capt. Russell and
Hannah (Sill) Lord, of Troy, N. Y. She died in Providence, R. I,, 1841,
Aug. 23, and he married, 3d, 1843, April 34, Eliza Palmer, daughter of
Hon. Nathan Fellowes and Elizabeth (Palmerl Diion, of Westerly, R. I.,
who died 1867, Aug. 31. Often children — three by second wife — seven
survive him. Died of paralysis, in Wethersfield, 1875, March 19, aged 79
years, 9 months, and 1 2 days.

TvLER, William, son of Ebenezer and Mary (French) Tyler, was
born, Attleboro', Mass., 1789, Jan 7. Taunton Academy. Graduated,
Brown University, 1809. Studied theology with Dr. Emmons. Ordained
colleague with Rev. Simeon Williams, South Weymouth, Mass., 1819, Feb>
34; dismissed, 1 831, Oct 17. Installed, South Hadley Falls, Mass., 1832,
Aug. 10 ; dismissed, 1840, Feb. 4. Without charge, Amherst, Mass., 1839-
47, but serving the Home Missionary Society much of the time, preaching
in Pelham, New Salem, Erving, and Shutesbury, and agent of the college
for a short time. Removed to Northampton in 1847 (where for two years
he was proprietor of the Northampton Courier) ; to Pawtucket, R. I., 1852,
and to Aubumdale, Mass., 1863. Trustee of Mt. Holyoke Female Semi-
nary from its fbondation to 1853, and represented Pawtucket in Mass.

ConstitulionafiJI^^Bfl

■|^ Married, 1S13, July I, Betsey, daughter

of Jacob aad^^^H

^^^■j^ Attleboro'. She died in Weymouth,

June 9i4l^^H

^^^BA|M|||Bnanied, sd, 1825. Nov, 19,

Nancy Whittu^fl^^l

^^^^^^^Bfi||» (Whiting)

Natick, Mass., tTM^H

^^^^^^^^^^^^HiKi^CkUlliUcen are

now living. t»ei^H

^^^^^^^^^^■^■^■■1^8

months, and 30 tJO^H

^^^^^^

436 Vital Statistics of the Congregatioftal Ministers. [July,

Underwood, Henry Beman, son of Rev. Almon and Henrietta (Piatt)
Underwood, was born, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., 1839, Dec. 25. Monson,
Mass., Academy. Graduated, Williams College, 1862, and Andovo- Theo-
logical Seminary, 1865, having spent two years in Union Theological
Seminary. Ordained, Ringwood, III, 1866, Jan. 19. Acting pastor there,
1866-7; East Longmeadow, Mass., 1867-9; Marlboro', N. H., Baxter
Springs, Kansas, 1869-70. Installed, Hillsboro' Bridge, N. H., 1871, March
7 ; dismissed, 1872, July 7. Acting pastor, Algona, Iowa, 1873. Married,
1875, July 8, Emily, daughter of Capt Elkana and Sarah (Willey) Rich,
of Wakefield, Mass. Died in Algona, of t3rphQid pneumonia, 1875, SepL
2, aged 35 years, 8 months, and 8 days.

Vermilye, Robert George, d. d., son of William W. and Mary
(Montgomery) Vermilye, was bom in New York City, 181 3, March 2.
Graduated, Columbia College, 1831. Teacher in College Grammar School
till 1835. Classical instructor, 1835-7, and adjunct professor, with Dr.
Charles Anthon, of Greek and Latin, 1837-43. Ordained, Presbyterian
Church, German Valley, N. Y., 1843, July 25 ; dismissed, 1846. Installed,
Congregational Church, Clinton, N. Y., 1846, June 10; dismissed, 1857,
November. Professor of Theology, East Windsor and Hartford Theok^
cal Seminary, 1857. Received the degree of D. D. from his Alma Mater,
1851. Married, 1836, March 31, Anna Maria, daughter of Gen. Richard
and Elizabeth (Van Bergen) McCarty, of New York City. She died 1843,
Oct. 2. Of their three children, two survive. He died in East Lyme^
Conn., 1875, July 4, of heart disease, aged 62 years, 4 months, and 2 days.

Ward, James Wilson, Jr., son of Rev. James Wilson and Hetta Lord
(Hayes) Ward, was born Abington, Mass., 1836, Dec. i. Abington High
School. Graduated, Amherst College, i860, and Andover Theological
Seminary, 1865. Acting pastor. West Newbury, Mass., 1865, July, to
1866, June; N. Bridgewater, Mass., 1866-7. Ordained evangelist, 1868,
Oct. 15, in Middleborough, Mass. Acting pastor, Rochester, Mass., 1868,
October, to 1870, November; and Laconia, N. H., some months, until ill
health compelled him to leave his work. Published " Musings over a Cup
of Tea." He died of paralysis, Schuylkill Haven, Penn., 1875, Oa. 25,
aged 38 years, 10 months, and 24 days.

Williams, Stephen, son of John and Sarah (Parsons) Williams, was
bom, Sandisfield, Mass., 1798, Nov. 9. [His father was son of Rev. Ste-
phen Williams, 66 years the pastor of Longmeadow, Mass., and grandson
of Rev. John Williams, the famous *' Indian Captive," of Deerfield, Mass.]
Shoreham Academy. Entered Middlebury College, but failing health
compelled him to leave during his Junior year. Studied theology with
Rev. Josiah Hopkins, d. d., of New Haven, Vt. Preached in Hubbardton,
Vt., 1826, and in Holley, Ogden, Parma, and Green, Western New York.
Ordained early in 1831, at Hubbardton, Vt. Acting pastor there, 1831;
Tinmouth, 1832-36 ; Clarendon, 1836-42; and, after a year or two, at Hub-
bardton. Without charge, Orwell and Clarendon. Married, ist, 1827,
May 3, Paulina Bascom, of Ogden, N. Y., by whom he had two sons and
two daughters. She died, 1843, April 4, and he married, 2d, 1844, April

1876] Vital Statistics of the Congregational Ministers, 437

30, Fanny E. Hurlbut, of Benson. She died at Orwell, 1856, Sept. 13,
leaving one daughter. He died, after all his children, Clarendon, 1875,
March 31, aged 76 years, 4 months, and 22 days.

Young, John Kimball, d. d., son of Nathaniel and Betsey (Kimball)
Yoimg, was bom, Dover, N. H., 1802, March 22. Dover. Academy.
Graduated, Dartmouth College, 1821. Taught, Dover Academy; and in
Charleston, S. C, 1824, January, to 1827, July. Graduated Andover The-
ological Seminary, 1829, and ordained in Boston, 1829, Sept. 24. Agent of
American Education Society, 1829-31. Installed, Laconia, N. H. [then Mer-
edith Bridge], i83i,Nov. 29 ; dismissed, 1867, Feb. 12. Acting pastor, Hop-
kinton, N. H., 1867, June, to 1874, November. Received the honorary
degree of D. D. from his Alma Mater, 1859. Corporate member, American
Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, from 1842. Trustee, New
Hampshire Missionary Society, 1846-58 and 1861-73. Trustee, Gilmanton
Academy and Theological Seminary. Corresponding Secretary, New
Hampshire General Association, 1851-61, and Moderator, 1866, at Dover.
Member, New Hampshire Historical Society from 1849. Married, 1833,
March 19, Mary Willard, daughter of Ebenezer and Mehi table (Sheafe)
Smith, of Durham, N. H., who survives him, with one daughter (deaf and
dumb) of their five children. Died in Laconia, of pneumonia, 1875, Jan.
28, aged 72 years, 10 months, and 8 days.

SUMMARIES.

Nativity. — Connecticut, 13 ; England, 2 ; Indiana, i ; Maine, 4 ; Mas-
sachusetts, 14; New Hampshire, 5 ; New York, 11 ; Ohio, i ; Scotland, t ;
South Carolina, i ; Vermont, 5 ; Wales, 4.

Seminary, — Andover, 16 ; Auburn, 7 ; Bangor, 2 ; Congregational Me-
morial, £ng., I ; Evanston, i ; Hartford, 2 ; Homerton, Eng., i ; Oberlin, i ;
Princeton, 2 ; Union, 2 ; Yale, 6 ; Private, 21.

Disease. — Bilious Fever, i ; Brain Disease, 4 ; Bronchitis, i ; Cancer, i ;
Consumption, 10 ; Cystitis, 2 ; Dysentery, 2 ; Erysipelas, i ; Heart Dis-
ease, 8 ; Influenza, 2 ; Lung Fever, i ; Necrosis, i ; Old Age, 6 ; Or-
ganic Disease of Stomach, i ; Paralysis, 3 ; Peritonitis, i ; Pneumonia, 9 ;
Tumor, i ; Typhoid Fever, i ; Not specified, 6.

Average Age, — 62 years, 3 months, and 5 days.

Average Ministerial Service, — 31 years, 5 months, and 26 days.

SXCOND SERIES. — VOL. VIIL NO. 3, 29

438 Congregational Necrology. [July,

CONGREGATIONAL NECROLOGY.

Rev. Davis Robert Barker died at College Springs, Page County,
Iowa, Oct. 22, 1875, in the sixty-third year of his age. He was born
at Hope, in the State of Maine, July 16, 18 13. His parents, Robert
and Hannah (Minott) Barker, were of the English Puritan stodu
They located in Maine, but removed with their family to Monroef
Ohio, when the subject of this notice was nineteen years of age.

Trained to habits of industry and economy, with only the educa-
tional facilities common to the masses in that early day, he yet
developed in his youth a peculiar thoughtfulness, originality, inde-
pendence, and decision of mind that marked him as a leading
spirit. Possessed of strong convictions and a keen sense of wron|^
he sympathized deeply with the oppressed, and had scarcely reached
his majority when he publicly advocated the antislavery cause
whenever opportunity offered. Even when sceptical in r^^ard to
Christianity, he never doubted the doctrine of universal freedom;
and it was largely his activity and earnestness in that cause, bringing
him, as it did, into contact with Christian workers in the same field,
that became the means under God of leading him to the Saviour.

Converted at the age of twenty-five, he felt called of God to preach
that gospel which he had labored to destroy. After spending three
years in the Oberlin Theological Seminary, he was graduated in
1843, and was ordained Aug. 23 of the same year to the work of the
ministry. He was married Aug. 24, 1843, to Amy Ann Chamberlain,
and they were blessed with six children.

From the seminary he went to Johnson, Trumbull County, Ohio,
where he labored two years; then he was at Canfield, Ohio, two
years ; for three months he acted as financial agent for Oberlin Col-
lege, but preferring to preach the gospel, he went to Mercer, Mercer
County, Pa., where for seventeen years he labored in the gospel
both in his own church and in destitute neighborhoods around.
On leaving Mercer he spent five years at Guy's Mills, in Crawford
County, Pa. Thence he removed to College Springs, Page County,
Iowa, where he was installed pastor of the Congregational Church
October 13, 1870, and where he nobly fell at his post. He had per-
formed his usual day's labor, after which he went to the post-office.
As he turned to start homeward he fell and instantly expired.

He was noted as a man of deep piety. In him were happily
blended guileless simplicity, ardent love to God, and fearless moral
courage. His very presence seemed to inspire devotion and draw

1876.] Congregational Necrology. 439

the soul heavenward. His earnest words, through flowing tears,
urging his brethren to faithfulness, will not soon be forgotten \tj
tfaem. The fact that he was a servant of God and must be about
his Master's business shaped his entire life.

Gifted by nature with those mental traits which mark the reformer,
after conversion he was true to God and the right While he was
bold and unfaltering in maintaining his own convictions, yet no one
was more tolerant, charitable, and forgiving than he.

As an advocate of temperance and human rights he had few
equals. With iiim the whole circle of duties centred in God. A
true patriot, he was loyal to his country in the time of her peri!, and
labored in public and in private in her behalf. Secret societies were
an offence to him. His artless soul abhorred them in all their
forms. Faithful tn reproving sin, his very fidelity was so manifestly
prompted by love that the entire community seemed to feel that in
his death they had lost a true friend. As a husband and father he
was affectionate, kind, and true ; as a pastor, faithful, sympathetic,
and vigilant His deep Christian experience, enriched by repeated
family bereavements and trials, fitted him to " weep with them that
weep," as well as to " rejoice with them that rejoice," He watched
for souls as one that must give account As a man he was upright,
public-spirited, self-forgetful, generous, genial, condescending, and
hospitable. As a student he was thorough, industrious, and perse-
vering. As a speaker his words were with power. His style was
logical rather than ornate. He spoke only what he believed, and
therefore threw his whole soul into his theme mth an irresistible
earnestness and pathos. His ministry was an eminently successfiil
one. The blessing of the dead "who die in the Lord " is his, and
he will be found among them that " shine as the stars forever and
ever." J. T.

Mrs. Charlotte Amanda (pROSEira) Bickford, wife of Rev.
L. Frank Bickford, died at Lamoille, Bureau County, III., April i,
1875. She was the only remaining daughter of Peter I. and Re-
becca (Proseus) Proseus, and was bom at Sodus, N. Y., April a,
1840. She was married to Mr. Bickford March 31, 1873, and after
three years of domestic felicity she has been called away from her
childless husband and aged widowed mother. Her brother, Lieut
A. W. Proseus, distinguished himself during the civil war, and died
at Gettysburg wiih these words upon his lips, " Comr^ides, stand
firm! Don't yii;ld an inch!" Mrs. Bkl^l^^ only r
sister, now sleeps besid^ag^H^MJI^^^BBiD Sodus, N. Y.

440 Congregational Necrology. [July,

Her ardent desire for an education was gratified by an extended
course of study at the academy in her native town, and at Genesee
Wesleyan Female Seminary, at Lima, N. Y., where she was gradu-
ated in 1857. Her life was devoted most successfully to teaching
from the time of her graduation until her marriage. Immediately
upon her graduation she was chosen preceptress of Sodus Academy
in her native town, which position she filled with honor and abilitf
for five years. She was a teacher in Newark, N. J., two years, and
was preceptress of the Union School, at Lyons, N. Y., for four
years. She then went to Michigan, chiefly for rest ; but a vacancy
occurring, she yielded to solicitation and resumed her accustomed
work for another year in the High School of Allegan in that State.
She was converted and confessed Christ, at the age of seventeen.
If we count her vacation teaching, while herself at school, she filled
out nearly fourteen years of busy and exhaustive work in the school-
room. Her fellow-teachers and numerous pupils universally testify
to her eminent and conscientious devotion to her work. She de-
served and received the affection and admiration of her pnpik
Her quick intellect, thorough training, and intuitive perception of
character, her Christian faithfulness and sympathy, her earnest en-
deavors to lead her scholars to Christ, will never be forgotten bjr
them. Her life in the school-room had abundantly prepared her to
enter the new field that opens before a pastor's wife. She was de-
voted to her husband, aiding and strengthening him as only a min-
ister of the gospel needs aid and strength. At Allegan and St
John's, Mich., and for a few months at Lamoille, III, she enjoyed
the love and confidence of the people among whom he labored.
Her Sunday School classes will not forget her. Nothing was so
near her heart as the salvation of old and young. Her years of
school-work had made heavy drafts upon her vitality, never super-
abundant ; a malarial fever in Michigan fiirther undermined her
constitution. She seemed to rally again in her new home in Illi-
nois, but hopes were raised only to be disappointed ; she gradually
sank away to rest The day before she died she said to her hus-
band, who had hinted that she might not recover, " Well, if it is the
Lord's will, it is all right. I have long loved my Saviour. I am not
afraid to die. There is nothing to fear." Tender and appropriate
funeral services were held at Lamoille, and again at the home of
her childhood. This affliction cast a shadow of sadness over the
Lamoille church, and the local association which met with it a few
days after Mrs. Bickford's death. K« B* H«

1876^] Congregational Necrology. 441

Dea. Horace Linslet was bom in Cornwall, Vt., Dec. 15,
1787, and died at his home near Millville, N. Y., Nov. 1, 1875.
His father was Judge Joel Linsley, and his mother Lavina Gilbert.
Among his brothers was Rev. Dr. Joel H. Linsley, once president
at Marietta College, and pastor of Park Street Church, Boston, and
Charles L. Linsley, a prominent lawyer of Vermont. One of his
usters was the good wife and helpmate of Rev. Truman Baldwin,
who was an honored and faithful gospel laborer for many years in
Vermont and Western New York. The Linsleys and the Slades
lived on adjoining farms, and Ibe future deacon and the future gov-
ernor grew up together, little thinking, doubtless, of the great honors
awaiting them ; for it is a question whether the latter outranks the
former, in the sight of heaven at least.

Cornwall in those days had two great moulding forces for good.
One of these was " Father Bushnell," the pastor of the Congrega-
tional Church, and the other was " the literary society," long the
pride and soul of the place. The early influences around Horace
Linsley being thus unusually favorable, he seems to have profited
well by them. In his youth he made a public profession of religion,
and he became superintendent of the Sunday School before he was
of age. He was a reading, thinking, God-fearing young man, and
he developed into a leader in the church and community. For a
time he was strongly moved to enter the ministry ; but this was afier
his marriage, and he was dissuaded from it on account of his age
and rising family.

Western New York was then the " promised land " with Vermont-
ers, and thither he removed at the age of forty-four, so that his
life was equally divided between the old home and the new, Corn-
wall and Millville. In the latter place he also became prominent,
and was soon made a deacon in the Congregational Church. This
ofhce he held for more than forty years, and his Christian profession
extended over about seventy years. He was early and earnest in
temperance, antislavery, and other good causes. He was a strong
man in body, mind, and will, — a good specimen of the Puritan race.
His last appearance in the house of God was at the communion,
although he was unable to serve in his office. The week before he
visited the class of little ones in the Sabbath School, and with melt-
ing heart and moistened eye spoke of Jesus and gave them his
patriarchal counsel and blessing. His final sickness was brief, and
he died in hope and peace.

Dea. Linsley had lost three wives, and he left a widow, Electa G.,

442 Congregational Necrology. [July,

daughter of Dea. William Lyman, of Gaines, N. Y. With her he
lived more than twenty-five years, as also wiih his third wife, Betsy
G., daughter of Daniel Samson, of Cornwall, Vt., and sister of
Judge Ashley Samson, of Rochester, N. Y. His first wife and
second died early They were Temperance, daughter of Eliphalet
Samson, of Cornwall ; and Abigail, daughter of Judge Darius
Matthews, h. d., of Cornwaii. He had ten children born to him,
of which all but three survive him. He gave two of his sons a lib-
eral educatioQ; and two of his daughters married foreign mission-
aries, — Rev, Hyman Wilder, of South Africa, and Rev. A. B. Good-
ale, of Turkey. To the American Board he left a generous legacy.
Thus he preached the gospel so dear to him through his children and
his own speaking life, if not from the pulpit as he desired. He still
brought forth frtiit in old age. c. s. s.

Rev. Samuel Giluan Tennev was bom in Rowley, Mass., April
12, 1793, and died in Springfield, Vt., Dec. 5, 1S74, — the fifth of
nine children of Nathaniel and Elizabeth (Jewetl) Tetiney, the
former of whom died by accident, and the latter at the age of almost
one hundred. His early life was spent on the paternal farm. At
the age of fifteen he was apprenticed to a wheelwright in Beverly,
Mass , and continued to follow that craft until the age of twenty-
three.

His conversion and profession of religion are not mentioned defi-
nitely in his journal, but must have occurred before this period, for
his mind was then made up to seek an education with a view to the
gospel ministry, a decision seldom if ever made by an indigent
youth unless the grace of God has touched the heart and induced
the requisite self- consecration. He fitted for college at Meriden, N.
H. ; was graduated at Dartmouth College in 1823 ; studied theology
with Rev. Walter Chapin, of Woodstock, Vt. ; and was approbated
as a candidate for the ministry by Windsor (Vt.) Association Ai^
to, 1834-

Commissioned as a home missionary, he soon preached a few
Sabbaths in Lyndon, Vl, where he received and accepted a call to
the pastoral office, and was ordained June 19, 1825. Sept. 15, 1816,
he married Miss Ednah Steele, of Springfield, Vt., who survives him,
by whom he had six children, three of whom died in infancy in the
space of one week, and one other died at the age of thirteen. Only
the two youngest are now hving, — Mrs. Elizabeth L. Vaughn, of
Coaticooke, P. Q., and John G. Tenney, Esq., of Minneapolis, Minn.

1876.] Congregational Necrology. 443

After six years he was dismissed from Lyndon, and afterward
labored as follows : In Bakers ville, Vt, acting pastor four years ; in
Waitsfield, Vt., pastor two years; in Hillsboro', N. H. (Centre and
Bridge), pastor five years ; in Wardsboro', Vt, pastor seven years ;
. and after six months' rest in Alstead, N. H , acting pastor seven
jrears, or until 1857, when he retired, at the age of sixty-four, from
pastoral service and purchased a farm in Springfield, Vt. He, how-
ever, occasionally preached — in one case nearly two years — as sup-
ply in Sharon, Chester, Guilford, and Springfield, Vt., and Charles-
town, N. H.

During these thirty-three years he enjoyed three seasons of the
special and powerful outpouring of the Holy Spirit upon his labors,
viz. in Bakersfield, Hillsboro', and Alstead, and less notable sea-
sons in some of the other fields named above. He was a plain
preacher, — a little too plain now and then for certain of his hear-
ers, — and thoroughly imbued with the doctrines of grace. Beyond
the preparation of a few newspaper articles his whole time was
given to the work of the ministry until he retired. Perhaps his
work the last seventeen years as, practically, a layman deserves a
rank higher than would at first thought be accorded to it. He was
an efficient and beloved trustee of the Congregational Church, and
very active in all sorts of Christian labor, winning from the retiring
pastor. Rev. L. H. Cobb, a hearty and very complimentary tribute
to his helpfulness^ unalloyed by any hinderance whatsoever.

Brother Tenney never had a large salary, even according to the
ideas of those days, when part of the salary was paid in provisions ;
but he managed, notwithstanding, to lay up a little property. He
was naturally weak in constitution, and in later life suffered much
, deprivation from bronchial and other difficulties ; but his step was
vigorous even until within thirty-six hours of his death. When
he knew that his case was very critical ; that a surgical operation
might /rr^^a/x prolong his life — already more than fourscore years
— a little, but that he was about as likely to die under the surgeon's
hand, while he certainly could not survive long in his then present
condition, he very quietly and calmly decided against the operation,
and resigned himself to await the event, which was not long delayed.
His dangerous symptoms appeared on Thursday, and his spirit was
released by death on Saturday morning about eight o'clock.

He was buried from the Congregational Church on Tuesday, Dec.
8, 1874, Rev. Alfred Stevens, d. d., of Westminster, West, assisting
in the services. The pastor elect gave a historical sketch of the life
now closed. p. b. f.

444 Literary Review. [July,

LITERARY REVIEW.

THEOLOGICAL AND RELIGIOUS.

The Ministry of the Word,^ It would not be possible, in the small
compass of three hundred pages, to present a complete system of homi-
letics. This Dr. Taylor has not attempted. His aim, as he modestly
states it, is to set before his readers " a few first principles emphasized
by experience." The twelve lectures of which the volume is made up
were delivered first at New Haven on the "Lyman Beecher Founda-
tion " ; eight of them were subsequently given at Oberlin, and a yet smaller
selection before the students of Union and Princeton Seminaries. The
deep interest which was awakened by the delivery of the lectures was
partly due, of course, to the presence and personal magnetism of the
lecturer; but those who heard them will experience no dis24)pointme&t
when they read them. They will bear the closest perusaL

We are struck by certain marked excellences in Dr. Taylor's treatment
of his theme, which those who have preceded him have &iled to exhibit
In the first place, there is an unusual completeness in the range of
topics presented. After discussing in his first lecture the " Nature and
Design of the Christian Ministry," he follows with two lectures on the
" Preparation of the Preacher," one on the " Theme and Range of the
Pulpit," two on the " Qualities of Effective Preaching," as found (i)
in the sermon and (2) in the preacher ; one on ** Expository Preaching '*
and another on the *' Use of Illustrations," thus treating in eight lectures,
in orderly and natural progression, the essential topics of a homiletic
course. The remaining four lectures are a less complete presentation of
themes that belong to Pastoral Theolog}'.

In the discussion of each topic there is method and unity. Dr. Taylor
has, besides popular gifts, a well-trained, scholarly mind. An analysis of
one of his chapters would not suggest the table of contents of an ordinary
Sunday School book.

The lectures are still more remarkable for the sound common-sense which
pervades every paragraph. Dr. Taylor rides no hobby ; he invents no
new theories to make preaching effective : but he states with new empha-
sis what all feel must be true. There is a constant tendency, among young
preachers especially, to imagine that the truly effective styhe of preaching
is yet to be discovered. Every remarkable genius that makes his appear-
ance in the pulpit is eagerly watched to see whether he be not ** the great
power of God." He^ at last^ they think, will tell us how to preach. But no
man is so unfit to give wholesome suggestions as the man of peculiar and
original gifts, specially if he owes but little to the schools : he will naturally
commend his own methods, perhaps his eccentricities, and his admiring
imitators will be sure to fail. Dr. Taylor's lectures are admirably fitted to

* See A. D. F. Randolph & Co , p. 456.

1876-] Literary Review. 445

correct such notioos by showing that there is no new gospel and no strik-
ingly new way ofpreachiog the old gospel.

We are especially pleased with the prominence which Dr. Taylor gives
to the Bible in the pulpit His lectures on the " Theme and Range of the
Pulpit " and on " Expository Preaching " (concerning which his own suc-
cessful experience gives him special right to speak) are worth to young
nunisters more than any other two in the volume. In this he uncovers
the preacher's treasure-house, the source of his supplies. He makes it
apparent that the man who can handle the Bible well will have enough to
say and just that which the people want to hear.

Whoever takes up this volume will be charmed by the clearness and
force of its style, the aptness of its illustrations, the shrewd common-sense of
its practical suggestions. The author draws from his own experience some
of his best hints. Thus, as a caution to theological students, who are apt
to put all they know of theology into their first sermons, he tells (p. iiS)
how a plain, blunt man criticised his first sermon, which had dealt with
justification, with faith, and with peace with God, as if he were resolved
not to leave anything unsaid that could be said upon them. " On coming
out of the church, one of my hearers, being asked what he thought of the
sermon, replied, ' These young preachers are like young delvers; they take
thundering big spadefuls ! ' That witness was true in my case, and I tried
ever after to lighten my discourses."

Dr. Taylor discusses sensibly the mode of preparing and delivering
sennons, and insists upon the careful writing of them, and in general the
delivery of them from the manuscript. If Dr. Slorrs' able advocacy of ex-
temporaneous preaching was likely to set too many young ministers upon
this method, Dr. Taylor's lectures will afibrd a wholesome check. In his
opinion, " there are not above half a score of men in a century who can
rise to the foremost places for usefulness and eminence through extem-
pore speech. If you be one of them, there will be in you that impressi-
bility which is the mark of genius, and which will force itself out at length
against every obstacle. If you be not one of these, with all respect to
those who differ from me on this subject, I do not hesitate to say that it
will be ten times better for you and a thousand times better for your
hearers that you should educate yourselves into the free use of a full
manuscript." (p. 150.)

In the opening of his first lecture Dr. Taylor betrays needless difGdence
by referring to his " two distinguished predecessors," and asking, " What
can a man do that cometh after the king ? " His book will not suffer in any
important p^rlicular in the comparison, while, as a praclic.il, sensiljlo, for-
cible, finished discussion of the subjec^^Juadji^snot equalled, r
by any work of its kind. It dUjriH^^^^^H^^^^kMHDg preacher's

Prof. Cowles h:
His coiDmenlaries o^
Jeremiali, Proverbs, Ecclestail

446 Literary Review. [July,

tioD, etc., have all been characteriied by sound scholarship, good common-
sense, and (what is better) rare spiritual discernment. In his latest com-
mentary on the Gospel and Epistles of John,' "he has given perhaps freer
■cope to his tendency to seize upon the more vital truths of inspiralioii, and
to set them forth in clear, strong terms. He does not deal largely in gram-
matical criticism, and does not therefore meet all the wants of the schoUi
who reads from the original text, yet ministers will find themselves greatly
helped, especially in their expository preaching, by his clear analysis and
condensed statements of the scope of the various chapters. Prof. Cofrtei
shows much skill, also, in exegetical argument. We have rarely seen a
better handling of a disputed passage than his discussion of John iii: 5,—
"bom of water and the Spirit."

A similarly strong and sensible discussion of the bearing of the miracle
at Cana on the present aspects of the temperance cause will be appreciated
by those who have been confused by the arguments of ultra-reformen.
Dr. Cowles finds a better basis for the doctrine of total abstinence than
the theory that the wine which Christ made was not alcoholic.

The volume is enriched by an elaborate Excursus on the doctrine ft
the Trinity and another on the personal coming of Christ

Being a Christian: What It Mtans, and How To Begin* is the title
of a recent issue. The style of this little book is lucid, elegant, and
vigorous. It is adapted to prevent excessive attention to the subjective

and emotional elements of a religious experience, and to induce a
practical obedience to the laws of God. It does not omit to present
Jesus as the Redeemer of our lives, and as the author through bit
incarnation and atonement of all our temporal blessings and heavenly
hopes. He is recognized as the Saviour from the terrible retribution)
of sin that are eternal, and from all the fear and anxiety which a sense
of guilt frequently produces in the present life. But the stress of the
argument is found in the effort to show the practical side of the Christian
life. It exhibits the necessity and the intrinsic excellence of that life,
which, fully trusting in Jesus for forgiving mercy, concentrates its ene^et
in the purpose of obedience to all the specific commandments of the
Most High. It makes an intrepid and masterly virtue prominent among
the elements of a religious character, and so heightens the dignity of the
Christian vocation. Few authors have been more successful than Mr.
Gladden has been in this little treatise in setting forth with felicitous and
forcible phrase the inherent evil and shamefulness of sin, resistance 10
which, in the faith of the Lord Jesus Christ, is an heroic warfare, pnntied
with indomitable courage and issuing in ultimate victory. The call IB
Christian obedience is made to appeal to the noble setitiments of our '
nature, and Jesus is represented as being no more truly c
Redeemer than he is our blessed Lord.

I Published by D. Appleton & Co.

* See Congregational Publishing Society, p. 347,

ily our graciow J

m

1876-] Literary Review.

Two books lie upon the Qfiarterly's table in which it has a right to
special interest. One comes from an author whose name brought strength
and grace to our editorial page from the beginning for many years ; the
other, from a gentleman whose name is highly valued there now.

They differ in form, but each is of the nature of an historical essay and
criticism ; each proposes to restate from contemporary records or docu-
ments the more exact truth in reference to its subject, and to bring
current popular estimates to the test of candid historic inquiry. They
have a common inspiration, in this centennial period, in the desire that
justice be done to founders of the Colony and the Republic. One would
discount something from the common estimate of Roger Williams, and
the Other add something to that of Israel Putnam.

It is matter for congratulation and encouragement that our Publishing
Society has put its imprint on a book like As to Roger Williams^ It '
betokens a remembrance, which it has not always shown, of its true func-
tions as the representative of a large and intelligent body of Christiaos,
and its purpose to deserve their confidence by work of high character Knd
permanent value. If it indicates what we may expect from the new secre-
tary, the wisdom of his appointment will be vindicated.

The special occasion which suggested this essay was a petition recently
presented to the legislature from sundry citizens, more zealous than
well-informed, to revoke the sentence of banishment against Rt^er Wil-
liaros.

Why was Roger Williams banished P What was the issue between him
and the Bay authorities ? The popular impression is put, not too strongly,
in one of our latest histories. The Slory of Ottr Country, told for the
young. These words are used : " I do not think Roger Williams was any
less strict in his views than they were, except he did not believe in so
much tyranny over everybody's conscience. ... He was going to
declare what he believed true. Liberty of conscience was what he came
to America for." In other words, he was a martyr for rights of conscience
and religious liberty 1 And yet he is the very man who had just been using
all his power, through the Salem Church, of which he was pastor, to induce
the other churches to discipline and exscind the members of the Gen-
eral Court for their neglect to sanction a land speculation in Marblehead !
The Salem people may or may not have been quite right in thinking they
should have the lands in question ; but it would be difficult to devise a
more unreasonable and offensive form of uniting Church and State, or one
which would involve more tyranny over conscience, than Williams's pro-
posal contemplated.

But wh^t are the facts in tlie case .' It is to be presumed ihnt the Mas-
sachusetts authorities would know, and be honest enough to st.ite, the
grounds of their MjbM^MUnUfami admits the fairness of Gov. Haines'
statement. " " "

" Mr. WilB

448 Literary Rtvitw. [July,

" First, That we have not our Land by Pattent from the King, but that
the Natives are the true owaers of it, and that we ought to repent ot iDch
a receiving of it by Pattent.

" Secondly, That it is not lawfiill to call a wicked penon to Swear, to
Pray, as being actions of God's worship.

"Thirdly, That it is not lawful! to heareany of the Ministers of the Par-
ish Assemblies in England.

" Fourthly, That the Civill Magistrates power extends only to the Bodies
& Goods, & outward state of men," etc.

It certainly must puzzle his modern champions and eulogists to erolTC
the doctrines of soul-liberty, of which in later life he came to make W
much, from this ofhcial statement. And it was not for simply holdii^
these opinions, radical as they were, and subversive of the foundations of
property and authority in the still feeble colony, but Ibr the most constant
and aggressive propagation of them, that the magistrates felt called upon
to act, and thus check the current.

Dr. Dexter's work must be held to have shown, among other things : —

(i.) The entire misapprehension of the nature and status of the Mas-
sachusetts Company, which the word "banishment" involves, as a l^al
term applied to the case, and that, with the world before him where to
choose, there was no undue severity in the penalty.

(1.) The real perils in which the colony stood from foes without and
within, and the necessity, at that stage of its development, that the right
of exclusion should be exercised against radical disturbers.

(3.) That Williams was such a radical disturber in those years of his
youth and immaturity.

(4 ) That his later opinions upon liberty and conscience were too
■lightly involved, if at all, in this conflict to give any pretext for holding
him a martyr on account of them.

(5.) That Williams's own writings and actions in later life fully vindi-
cate the action taken by the magistrates and the principles underlying it.

(6.) That vastly more has been made of this case than its intrinsic
importance deserved.

To a student of New England history this small, handsome volume will be
every way most satisfactory : First, because it is a monograph. Only mon-
ogra])hs can do full justice to great historical topics. Roger Williami
and his banishment is one of the great topics of early New England
history. Secondly, because the author has gone directly to original, con-
temporaneous authorities for his facts. It is wonderful how much light
contemporaneous writers throw on the most familiar matters of history.
Thirdly, because there is no attempt at dramatic effect, sensationalism, ot
fine writing, as it is called. We can never feel quite safe with a writer
who has any of these objects in view. The temptation lo sacrifice literal i
truth for the sake of a fine turn of a paragraph, or the production ol
striking cfTect, is loo great for this class of writers (o
the student of our history, and every careful reader, w
this monograph, because it literally swims on notes verityias
and illustrating the text. One hundred and forty-one pages d

1S76.] Literary Review. 449

ported by five hundred and seventy-nine notes, in which are countless ref-
erences to original authorities, by means of which every reader can follow .
the author and decide for himself whether he has told the truth. We have
tested this book pretty thoroughly by an eicamination of a considerable
number of the authorities referred to, and by a somewhat extended, inde-
pendent investigation of this subject, made long before this monograph was
published ; and we are prepared, and we think meaturably qualified, to say
that Dr. Dexter has given all the essential facts respecting this vexed
question of Roger Williams's banishment from Massachusetts, and has
fiiUy justilied the fathers of this plantation in removing him from their
jurisdiction as a man " unmeet " to live in it, as a man unsafe (n such a
community as was this plantation when he was banished from it

The author's conclusions are so unlike popular opinions, or, rather,
habits of speaking, on this vexed question of Roger Williams, etc., that he
will undoubtedly meet stem opposition, if not something worse. If those
who deny the soundness of Dr. Dexter's conclusions will refute him by
the same appeal to original authorities on which he rests, the world will
be a gainer ; but if only hard sayings about illiberality, etc., and attempts
to excite popular prejudice are resorted to, the truth of history will gain
nothing, while there will be a serious loss in some other directions.

Our fathers succeeded. It is no easy task, as all history shows, to plant
a colony and lay the foundations of a State, and their great and marvellous
success is, in general, their vindication. France and Spain had been try-
ing the experiment for one hundred years with the most dubious results.
Our fathers were statesmen, wise Ux beyond their day ; and if they saw
not all thai we now see from our mountain- tops, it is base and unworthy
for that reason to denounce tbem, — as some who assume to represent
modern light and liberalism seem to find pleasure in doing.

They had come to this wilderness to make homes for themselves and their
children. The chartered territory was their own as against all other Euro-
peans, and they had every right to say who should share it with them.
They saw the consequences, in that tumultuous and restless period, if all the
aneasy and unbalanced minds of Europe were permitted to see an open
door and a free field for all their vagaries here ; they had a right to say
that men who sought their hospitable shelter only to plot and disturb and
unsettle, should move on, and no modem illumination entitles any man
to say that the wisdom and moderation and firmness with which they exer-
cised that right had not much to do with securing them against the plots
of their ec^emies in England, or in making possible the harmonious and
healthy development of the institutions whose foundations they were laying.

Though the primary object of the author of this monograph is to settle
the question ol Roger Williams's banishment, — why it was and whether
it was justifiable, — yet most of the essential facts pcrtiiining to the Quaker
4 jperseculions by the fathers of New England may also be tound
s and references are patticul.irly valuable in this
e it all in all, this monograph is a work of rare

450 Literary Review. [Jnly,

The value of this monograph would be increased (and it astoniihe* m
to have occasion to say this of any book from the office of the Congnpt-
Uonalist) by the addition of an index.

Itrael Putnam^ is a biography, with a purpose scarcely less specific
than that which animates As to Roger IVilliams.

A thoughtful student of our early history, a classmate and valued Mend
of Chief-Justice Chase, said in conversation ten years ago that there was no
eminent name of the Revolutionary period which had grown upon him at .
much as Putnam's. He had long felt that there was a wide discrepancy
between the fame of the man and the account which the current bistoriei
gave of his life, and that either Washington and the fathers must have beea
mistaken in their judgment of " Old Put," or important facts, on which it
rested, must have been left to obscurity. This question has guided him ia
extensive reading, and with the result indicated.

Others, who look below the surface, have had the same feeling. And
many felt that it was time for the truth 10 be restated and vindicated,
when the Centennial of Bunker Hill arrived, and the historic injustice which
would eliminate from any recognized position in it, the man who inspired,
and, more than any other, guided that battle, took shape in the word* of
the eminent judge and orator, proposing to set up the statue of Prescott
there, while Putnam was forgotten.

Hence, Dr. Tarbox has written, and the result is this handsome volitmc^
jt valuable contribution to our centennial literature. The author's aaroi-
tomed vigor and grace of style are illustrated weU in it There is not ■
dull page in the book ; and while there is no parade of investigation, its
careful results are everywhere seen and felt.

Simply as a literary product, the work might have gained something by
a broader separation of the current of narrative from the various question*
and discussions which are carried along with it ; but judged from the
standpoint of the author, and his manifest purpose in writing, any such
remission of controverted points to Notes or Appendix was impossible.
It could have amounted to nothing more than a thin attempt to disguise
the manifest and admitted inspiration of the work, which is much more
honest and true to itself as it is.

We deem the main positions of the author well taken and sustained, and
that they must modify the judgments which have been current for forty
years in the histories and literature of the subject Certainly, whoever shall
now rewrite the history of the Revolution (and neither Frothingham, Ban-
croft, nor Judge Devens has given it a final shaping) must take Dr. Tar-
box's investigations into account, and accept their results or prove Ibck
unsoundness.

He has shown the extreme improbability thnl the American army in C
bridge was a headless mob of State forces ; that ilic trained soldien a
French and Indian War would have remiuned a day in that coadilk
tically, in the face of the British army, or that they w
such an expedition to Bunker Hill without a

' See Lockwood, Breaks ft Co., p d

1876.] Literary Review. 451

from previous events tliat Putnam could and did command sucb expedi-
tions, and soldiers from all the coionies ; that, from the known opinions of
the fen general officers, the plan of the expedition was most likely to have
been Putnam's, and that therefore he was its most natural and almost
necessary commander ; that his position on the field is anomalous and
incomprehensible on any other theory ; and that the pictures soon after
engraved in Philadelphia and in London, the Britisli accounts, and all the
early reports and narratives, make Putnam commander, except that a few
fall into the natural but demonstrable error of supposing Warren was in
that position.

Other points in the case are that Prescott'a name is never connected with
the general command beyond the redoubt, until very recent days ; that the
assaults made on Putnam's conduct in i8i8,and so successfully refiited by
Judge Lowell, Col. Sweet, and Daniel Webster, all implied that Putnam was
the responsible commander, and, for that reason, he only was exposed to
them ; and that he secured at once and retained the confidence and friend-
ship of Washington, Congress, aud the country, as he could not tiave done
if he had shown himself the incapable and unworthy man which some depict
him. On the other hand, if Prescott stands rightly, as some pamphleteers
and orators say, the one conspicuous figure of that great day for bravery
and conduct, the neglect which be suffered at the hands of his contempo-
raries is unparalleled : he was never promoted. A worthy man, but not a
great soldier, it is a special misfortune that others have sought to crown
him with laurels not his due.

Forty Years in the Turkish Empire; or, Memoirs of Rev. William

<7oA3b//,A. i^.i'isthedouble title of arecentworlc Missionary biographical
literature has occupied a large field since the commencement of modem
missions. The partiality of friends, the romance of foreign adventure, the
not unnatural nor very blameworthy ambition of missionary men themselves,
have done more or less to push enterprise in this direction. But while
many of these biographies have been doomed to a limited circulation and
an early oblivion, there have been those which, like the giants of the forest,
have withstood all the storms, and, while witnessing decay on every side,
have happily decided favorably the question of their own longevity.

We believe the book named above will belong to this latter class. No
Missionary Board can tell the future of any servant of theirs sent to a
foreign land. There is risk always. Men do not develop at once.
Stnuigeness of new scenes, unexpected events, unthought-of outbursts of
human depravity, ihc loss of that stimulus to piety and that supporting
itxenffh which Christian society at home affords, such things combine to
"" a most severe test the new-comer upon pagan ground ; and it is not
n and then, there should l>e an unhappy failure.
lea] has been triumphantly pas.'^ed by the subject of the

~ - — .- ... [;|„pij.g ,^,gf|. "forty

could be
jbated," The youthful

452 Littrary Revitw. [July,

bero, putting on the hamesE, became the hoary veteran of sevenQr^n,
patting it off with all the honors of a never-failing fidelity to the gtcat
Captain of Salvation.

While ne have been struck with the remarkably good common-sense
and practical judgment of Dr. Goodell, shown for near half a century in
all his intercourse with every diversity of men, and have admired his
never-tiring industry, we have been more impressed than in any other
missionary biography with the spirit of joy and gladness which seemed lo
be the daily sunshine of his heart. In the midst of every form and variety
of temptation and trial incident to missionary liie, there was a buoyancy
of spirit, a cheerfulness, a power of getting good out of evil, of giving!
golden fringe to every dark cloud, "a power to diffuse gladness all aroimil
him whatever might be the impending gloom," seen in him such as wt
have never seen before in missionary life. There was a never-biliij
fountain of humor in the man, — bubbling up and sparlding and nmniiig
over, — which gave him always a sunny face, made him speak sunny wOTds,
and shed sunlight on every dark and sad heart around him. In the most
serious of moods and circumstances his genial spirit, "lighting up smiles
in the aspect of woe," would turn the gloom of all around him into the
brightness of the morning. Some of his more sedate and grave mission-
ary friends were at times disposed kindly to chide their humorous fellow-
servant. One of these once said, " Brother Goodell, do you expect to go
to heaven laugkingf" ~-" I don't expect to go there crying.'" was the
prompt reply. Yet in all his mirthfulness there was no lack of earnestness
or of the deepest spirituality.

We believe he lived the longer through his Christian, sanctified good
humor ; did more work, and did it better, and gave all around him a more
truthful and inspiring idea of the power of the gospel to promote humaa
happiness.

A most satisfactory and enduring monument of the greatness and value
of Dr. Goodcll's labors is the translation of the entire Scriptures into the
Armenio- Turkish language. This vast work has already had a wide drcu-
laCion, and is a basis, ample and effectual, for the increasing spread of the
kingdom of Christ in the Mohammedan Empire.

After his forty years abroad Dr. Goodell arrived in this country in 1865,
and spent the evening of his eminently useful life among his children,
maintaining remarkable activity in all the walks of Christian usefntnCM,
his last work, at seventy-five, being that of a teacher in a Sabbath School
Bible-class. He died in Philadelphia, Feb. 16, iSC;, lea^-ing behind hi
most precious memory.

Hugh Miller was one of the comparatively few men whose p
history is so extraordinary that almost everything perwining t
interest to the world, That a common stone-mi^on. bom ani
an obscure village in the north of Scotiand, and enjoying c
limited means of education, should, by the mere force <
have developed himself till he came to rank among the t

1876.] Literary Review. 453

Bcientistx of his time ; that he should have attained a culture that made him
one of the ablest of writers, broad in his views, clear, keen, and trenchant
in his style, and a& an editor commanding in his influence : all this may
very well be wondered at The chief incidents in the life of such a man
deserve to be widely known, not merely as remarkable in themselves, but
as liitely to afford stimulus and encouragement to others.

As Mr. Miller's works still keep their place among standard books, and
require to be reissued, it is lit that these volumes containing his life and
letters > should go with the rest He could not well have been more for-
tunate in his biographer. The same general characteristics as a writer
that have given Mr. Bayne reputation through his previous publications
are conspicuous in this. He has done justice to his subject, and the delin-
eation of Mr. Miller's character and the history of his labors are all that
could reasonably be desired. The marked traits of his early years, his
struggles with poverty and with its necessary difBculties and hardships,
his rapid development and progress as a student of natural sciences, his
advancement in reputation, his Christian character, his power and influence
as a writer and an editor, especially in connection with the great Free
Church movement, — are all well sketched and are illustrated by copious
selections from his letters. The two volumes are full of interest and of
practical suggestion. They have been read already by great numbers, and
will doubtiess be read by many more. Young men especially, who are just
setting out in life and are determined to succeed, cannot fail to be greatly
profited by the example of one whose triumph, in spite of obstacles, was
so signal and complete.

Hon. Nathan Crosby, of Lowell, has done good service to his Alma
Mater in his address, just published by the Alumni, on Tht First Half
Ctntury of Dartmouth College? It traverses the origin of the college from
its germ in Dr. Wheelock's Charity School, at Lebanon, Ct ; illustrates
anew the old experience of Providence guiding men more wisely than
they knew to large and good results ; gives a very graphic account of the
great founder and his self-denying toils ; and after a briefer notice of the
long presidency of his son, John Wheelock, closes with a particularly fresh
and valuable narrative of Scena of the Dartmouth Controvert, which
resulted in Daniel Webster's great plea and the important decision of the
Supreme Court at Washington.

Of these days Judge Crosby speaks from personal experience, as he
.graduated in i8io, and his student-life covered the most vital period; and
ttia reminiscences are as entertaining as valuable. His estimate of the
jm^tioas at issue, in the conflict between the trustees of the college and
-. _ . ^ candid, and will be accepted, wc think, as just

t of which
viuble

454 Literary Review. [July,

which had come could not remain so. In the outset, ^ The enterprise vai
so burdened with doubt and hard work that none but members of hb
feunily seemed disposed to take tickets in his lottery. ... It was a loqg
and difficult task to supplant individual power and establish an indqtendent
government The controversy in the church, upon the introdnctioa of
Prof. Shurtleff, was not a matter of religious faith, or hardly of govaih
ment, but simply to separate the Hanover branch from the Hartfoid
members, who were in the majority. The first president, thou|^ a Oat
gregationalist by all his Puritan blood and by the separatist tenadtj,
adlowed Occom to become a Presbyterian, perhaps for better success
abroad, as it certainly proved a power in his success ; and though he boik
his church at Hanover under the name of, and in a kind of connection with,
the " Presbyterian Church," he and it were essentially CongregationaL

The son, not as great a man, became naturally, with age, even more
magisterial and autocratic ; overruled by the Board, charges and counter-
charges ran into great bitterness ; but the contest must come, and the hooestj
of both parties need not be doubted. The results were certainly healthful,
though it may be true that more forbearance might have averted some of
the evils of the process. To the firmness, sagacity, and Christian wisdom
of Pres. Brown, the college owes a lasting debt for the successful issue.

A GREAT many benefits are likely to be reaped from the commemoratioB
of the centennial year. It is not one of the least of these that the atteih
tion of the people has been so largely turned to the history of the past A
nation is a historic growth. The present with us has a vital relation to the
past. That our national existence may be healthful and vigorous, it is of the
first importance that, having a noble record, we should keep fresh the mem-
ories of the great events and the illustrious names with which that record
is adorned. In the eagerness and hurry of our recent rapid growth we
have become too neglectful of our rich traditions ; and the young especially
need to have the scenes of the past recalled, and a genuine enthusiasm
for the spirit and the principles of our fathers rekindled in their breasts.
By the various local celebrations of the year, and the historical reminis-
cences connected with them, great good can hardly fail to be accomplished
It was a happy thought, likewise, to supplement these by the publicatioii
of succinct, popular histories of the rise and progress of the nation, the wide
circulation of which might help to reanimate and inform the patriotism of
the people. Of this sort of literature we have seen nothing so attractive
as Barnes' Centennial History^ which has been but lately issued. This
is, indeed, a book for the many, — a brief and comprehensive sketch of the
leading events that have filled the century of our national life, and this
preceded by an epitome of colonial )iistory, to render the view complete.
The scope of the work may be seen by the general divisions of it, which
are arranged as follows : I. Introduction, comprising the early historfi
explorations, and settlements ; II. The War of the Revolution; III. Thi
Constitutional Period; IV. The Civil War; V. The New Era.

1 See A. S. Barnes & Co., p. 456.

1876.] Literary Review. 455

divisions well cover the whole field. In tbe treatmeot of the matteTa prop-
erly ioclnded under each, it was not possible to do more than to seize on
the most interesting andimportant facts and incidents, and to present these
in a condensed but spirited and graphic manner. This has been attempted,
we think, with good success. The reader who taltes up the book and
opens at any point will find himself held as by a kind of fascination. The
matter is well-chosen and the stories piquantly told. There will be some
lUsappointment, perhaps, at times that the narrative is not more full ; but
as it is the work is large, and the reading of a brief account, as here given,
will be likely to send the reader to the study of the larger histories. As
regards the mechanical execution, the volume is a splendid one, — with
large, clear tj^e that fairly tempts the eye, paper of a soft and grateful tint,
*nd almost three hundred well-executed illustrations. Happy the boys
and girls, or the young men and women, of the households into which it
comes I Not less, perhaps, the fathers and mothers who will read it, and
whose memories will enable them to verify and to live over the scenes of
a considerable portion of the period. It is altogether a volume that
should be very widely read.

BOOKS RECEIVED.

Strihur, ArnutroHg A* Ca, Khr Ytrlk.

Tlie Bible Commenlary. Vol VL Ezekiel, Daniel, and the minor Prophets.

Edited bf F. C. Crook, M.A., Canon of Exeter. 1876. Royal 8vo. pp. 750.

♦so*

A Commentary on the Holy Scriptures, By John Peter Lange, D. d. Vol. II of

the Old TestamenL Exodus and LeviticuB. Sva pp. 179, itA. f j.oa
ICemoir of Norman Madeod, IX IX By his brother, Rev. Donald Madeod, s. a.
Editor of "Good Words," etc. Vols. I and IL 1876. 8*0. pp. 363, 433.

TUto's Best Thoughts. Compiled from Prof. Jowett's Translation of the Dia-
It^nes of Ptato. By Rev. C. H. A. Bulkley, a. u. 1S76. iimo. pp-475- fa.50.

Epochs of Modem History. The Age of Elizabeth. By Mandell Creighton,
M. A., late Fellow and Tutor of Merton Collie, Oxford. With Maps and Ta-
bles. 187& t6mo. pp. 144. fi.oa

Tbe Fall of the Stuarts, and Western Europe from 1678 to 1697. By Rev.
E. Hale, m. a.. Assistant Master at Eton. With Maps and Plans i6mo.
pp. 152. fl.00.

Epochs of Andent History. Edited by Rev. G. W. Cox, M. A., and Charles
Sankey, m. a. — The Greeks and the Persians. Rev. G. W. Cox, h. a., Joint
EditOT erf the Series. 1876. i6mo. pp. 31& ttxio.

7/jrfer it* Bmlhiri, A'no York.
The Lift and Letters of Lord Macaulay, By his Nephew, G. Otto Trevelyan.

•nt Sd^^^^^^^^^^^^^ited foi Scbe^^H^ Colleges, liy F. A.

1876.

456 Literary Review. [Ju^,

GreU Expectation*. By Charles Dickeni. With thirty iHiwlmian* bj F. A.
Fiiaer. 187& Quarto, pp. 18S. fi.oo.

Jtcitrt Carttr A- Bratkert, Ntit York.
The Mariner's Progicas: or. Captain Christian's Vojragc in the Good Ship 'Glad

Tidings" to the Promised Land. By Dancan Mu^rtgor. t87& ifinux pp.

370. *t.a5.
Rays from the Sun of Righteousness. By the Rer. Richard Newtoa, D. Dl iS}&

i6ina pp. 333. %\.*^
Weill of Baca ; or, the Solaces of the Christian Moomer, and other Thonghtl oa

Bereavement By the Rer. J. R. Macduff, d. D. 1S7& Long. pp. 124. 5odL

Dadd A* Miad, Ntm York.
American Koneeis and Patriots. Benjamin Franklin. A Picture of dte Stnt

gles of our Infant Nation One Hundred Yean AgOb By John S. C Abbtt

Illustrated, tamo. pp. 373. f t.ja
Familiar Talks to Boys. By the Re*. John Hall, a D^ New York, isibol ^

98. »i.oa
The Crew of the Dolphin. By Hesba Stretton. 34mo. ppw 331. f [.S5.

A. S. Bamti &• Co., Anv KvjL
Centennial OSering, Republication of the Principles and Acta of the Rerololka

in America. Dedicated to the Young Men of the United States, Gfty-fbur ycm

ago, by the late Hc«kiah Niles, Editor of the ITteii^ RegitUr. 187& Sn.

PP> S'7. >3oo.
The Acts of the Apostle*. With Notes, Comments, Haps, and Illnstratiaos. Br

Rev. Lyman Abbott 187& Quarto, pp. 362. tl.75.
Proceedings of the Adrisory Council of Congregational Churches and Ministen,

called by the Plymouth Church of Brooklyn, N. Y., and held in Brooklyn inn.

the 15th to the Z4th of Feb. 1S75. 8vo. pp. 37a l^.oo.
Barnes' Centenary History. One Hundred Years of American lodependenct

Issued in Twelve Numbers, at 50 cents a number.

MacBiillan &• Co., London, Eng., and New York.
Prehistoric Man ; Researches into the Origin of Civilization in the Oldandlbe
New World. By Daniel Wilson, LI. D., F. R. S. L 3d Edition, Revised and En-
larged. With Illustrations. Vols. I and IL Sva pp. 399, 401. fiwn

A. D. F. Randolph &• Co., Niw York.
The Ministry of the Word. By Wm. M. Taylor, d. a 1S7CL tamo. i^3i&

T. Whittaier, Naa York.
Report of the Union Conferences, held from Aug. 10 to i€| E875, at Bono, odK
the Presidency of Dr. Von Dollinger. Edited by Dr. Fr, Heinrich
Translated by Rev. Samuel Buel, D.D. lamo. pp. soo. %i.oa,

CharUt P. Smuriy, Iftw York.
Tlie Historical Jesus of Nazareth. By M. Schlesinger, ph. d., Ribbi of the Chk- fl
gregatioQ Anshe Emeth. Albany, N. Y. : 1876. lamo. pp. 9I .

1876.] Literary Review. 457

AmtrUan Trad Socitty, Iftw Vtri.
The Stone of life. By Hnba Sirettoii. itimo. pp. 136. f i.oo.
Almost a Woman. By S. Annie Frost, author of " Robbie's Ught," etc. l&no.
pp.414. 9i.'S-

Ctngrtgatienal PuUisking Soatty, BntOH,

Aa to Roger Williams and Hia Banishment from the Hassachusetti Plantatjan;

with a few further words coocernbg the Baptists, the Qnakert, and Religions

liberty. A Monograph. By Henry Martyn Dexter, D. D. 1876. Quarta

ppL 14& %%.tM.

The Silent House. By K P. Tenney. iSmo. pp. 15& (i.oa

Woman'a Work in the Church. By Mn. Martha Tyler Gale, yma, pp. 68.

Woman's High Calling. By Mrs. Martha Gale. 1876. ^tma, pp. 55. Soeenta.

MitMonaries in Harpoot, Eastern Turkey, iimtv pp. 313. ^i.^S-

Jamei R. Oigoed &• Ca, Boiton.

Falectine and Syria. Handbook for Travellers, Edited by K. Baedeker. With

18 Maps, 43 Plans. A Panorama of Jerusalem and 10 Views. Leipsic Karl

Baedeker. 1S76. i6mo, pp. 610. ^7.50.

An Historical Account of the Old State Hoose of Penntjrlvania, ttow kno>wn as

The Hall of Independence. By Frank M. Etting. With numero&s illustra-

liODS. i87tiL Quarto, pp. 204. fs.oa

The Dolliver Romance and Other Pieces. By Nathaniel Hawthorne. 1876.

t6mo> pp. 313. f i-SA
Fanshawe and Other Pieces. By Nathaniel Hawthorne. 1876. i6mo> pp.

343- >i-S»
The While Mountains. A Handbook for Traveller*. With £ Maps and 6 Pan-
oramas. 1S76L i6mo. pp. 436L %txia,
Peter and Polly; or. Home Ufe in New England a Hundred Years .^o. By

Marian Douglas. 1876. i4mo. pp. 168. f 1.0a
A Study of Hawthorne. By George Parsons Lathrop. 1S7& 24010. pp. 350,
*i.3S.

D. IMkrtp A* Ce., Btttett.

The Pulpit of the American Revolution ; or, The Political Sermons of the Period

of 1776. With a Historical Introduction, Notes, and Illnstrations. Bj John

Wingate Thornton, a. h. Second Edition, Svo. ppL 537. ^Sa

The Cooking Club of Tu-Whil Hollow. By Ella Fairain. Author of the

" Allie Bird Series," "A Wliite Hind," etc iSmo. pp. 213. S1.25.
Waller Neal'lElusple. By Kev. Theron Brown. l8mo. pp.229. fl'^S.

d by the lives of men who have made themselves
r. S. F. Smith, St D,

458. LUtraty Review. [July,

Lockmood^ Brooks ^ Co., Boston,

life of Israel Patnam (« Old Put "), Major-General in the Continental Aimy. By
Increase N. Tarboz. With Map and Illustrations. 1876. 8to. pp. 3JB9.
I2.50.

Working People and Their Employers. By Washington Gladden. iSy^i isma
pp.241. I1.75.

Is ^ Eternal " Punishment Endless ? Answered by a Re-statement of the Origmal
Scriptural Doctrine. By an Orthodox Minister of the GospeL 1876. i6Da
pp. 106. Ii.oa

Litile, Brown &* Co., Boston.

History of the United States of America from the Discovery of the CootiiieBt.
By George Bancroft In six volumes. Vols. Ill, IV, and V. lama pp. 58^^
624, 602. I2.25 per vol.

Roberts Brothers, Boston.

Meditations on the Essence of Christianity. By R. Laird CoUier, dl d. 1876^
lamo. pp. 138. I1.25.

y. B. Uppincott &* Co,, PhUadelphia.

Principia ; or, Basis of Social Science. Being a Survey of the Subject from die
Moral and Theological, yet Liberal and Progressive Standpoint. By R. J.
Wright Second edition. 1876. 8va pp. 524. 13.5a

E. J. Goodrich, Oberlin, Ohic.

The Holiness Acceptable to God according to Scripture. By John Moigai^ a &
i6mo. pp. 119. 75 cents.

S, C. Griggs &* Co., Chicago,
Words: Their Use and Abuse. By William Mathews, ll. d. lamo. pp. 584.

|2.oa

PAMPHLETS RECEIVED.

The Charge and the Inaugural Address delivered at the Induction of the Re?.
William S. Karr, D. D., into the Chair of Systematic Theology in the Theological
Institute of Connecticut, May 11, 1876. Published by request of the Pmdential
Committee. Hartford : 1876. 8vo. pp. 28.

Sixty-Second Annual Report of the American Tract Society, for the Year ending
April 29, 1876. Boston : The American Tract Society, 581 Washington Street
1876. i6mo. pp. 23.

Giving as an Act of Worship. By the Rev. Henry S. DeForest, of Council Wdk,
Iowa. [Reprinted, by special permission, from The Congregational QnarUrfy.]
Published by Lockwood, Brooks & Co., 381 Washington Street, Boston.

Amendments to the Constitution of the United States. Non-Sectarian and Uni-
versal Education. Veteran Association Order of United Americans' Annnal
Dinner, New York, Feb. 22, 1876. Remarks of Daniel Ullman, ll. ix, in le-
sponse to the Sentiment, " Our Common Schools, the glory of our Republic :
undefiled by sectarianism, our hope and boast, they shall be maintained." Nev
York: Baker & Godwin, 25 Park Row. 1876. 8va pp. 12.

1876.] Literary Review. 459

The Chinese Problem. By In T. Townsend, D. D., author of " Lost Forever," etc.
Boston ; Lee & Shepard. New York : Charles T. Dillingham. 1876. 24mo.
pp. S6.

Proceedings of the General Theological Library, for the Year ending April 17,
1876. With a List of the Members, Donors, etc. Boston : 12 West Street.
1876.

Centennial Newspaper Exhibition, 1876. A Complete List of American News-
papers. A Statement of the Industries, Characteristics. Population, and Loca-
tion of Towns in which they are Published ; also, A Descriptive Account of
some of the Great Newspapers of the Day. Compiled by Geo. P. Rowell & Co.
New York : 1876. Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, Fountain Avenue, opposite
United States Government Building.

An Address on Congregationalism as affected by the Declarations of the Advisory
Council of February, 1876. By Richard S. Storrs, D. D. March 12, 1876.
New York: A. S. Barnes & Co., iii & 113 William Street 8va pp. 29.

Reading as a Means of Discipline Supplementary to School Training. By Prof.
Hiram Mead, Oberlin, Ohio. A Paper read before the Northeastern Ohio
Teachers' Association. I2ma pp. 31.

The Grasshopper, or Rocky Mountain Locust, and Its Ravages in Minnesota.
A special Report to the Hon. C. K. Davis, Governor of Minnesota. Saint
Paul : Pioneer Press Co. 1876. 8va pp. 5a

The Confession of Faith, and Covenant of the Pilgrim Congregational Church in
Saint Louis. Together with the Rules, a Catalogue of Members, and a Histor-
ical Notice. January, 1876b R. P. Studley & Co., Printers. 8va pp. 4a

New and Decisive Evidence of the Mode of Baptism. By Rev. Isaac EL Heaton,
Fremont, Neb. Boston : Wright & Potter, Printers, 79 Milk Street 1875.
32mo. pp. 67.

Speech of J. H. Seelye, of Massachusetts, in the House of Representatives,
April 13, 1876. Washington. Transfer of the Indian Bureau to the War De-
partment 8vo. pp. 14.

Eight Weeks on the Frontier. By Rev. W. Barrows, D. D., Secretary of Mass.
Home Missionary Society.

New York City and How to See It A complete Pocket Guide to all places of
Interest With much other valuable information for strangers and residents.
New York : Published by Hurd & Houghton. Cambridge : Riverside Press.
1876. 24ma pp. 69.

Philadelphia and the Centennial : How to See Them. A complete Pocket Guide
for Residents and Strangers during the Centennial Exhibition. New York :
Hurd & Houghton. Cambridge : Riverside Press. 1876. 24mo. pp. 70.

Boston to Washington. A Complete Pocket Guide to the Great Eastern Cities
and the Centennial Exhibition. With Maps. 1876. Published by Hurd &
Houghton, N. Y. Cambridge : The Riverside Press. 24mo. pp. 246.

United States Official Postal Guide. April and July, 1876. Boston : H. O.
Houghton & Co. New York : Hurd & Houghton. i2mo. pp. 394, 272.
50 cents. #1.50 per year.

Deid Men*s,Shoes. A NoveL By Miss M. £. Braddon. 1876. No. 461. 8vo.
pp. 166. 75 cents.

46o Ediim^s TmbU. [July,

EDITOR'S TABLE.

The Termmaii^m tf tke Fksttrai Rrlmtitm. — Tlie qnesdoii bas beea *^r\ by
tome cofTCipopdents, " What is Coogrcgatiofial law or usage as to the •■>^5»*iri
oC the pastoral relatkm ? ** As two things are necessary to oonstitiite Uui itlfr
tkm, — first, the agreement of the parties, the minwfer and the chordi ; and seooodt
the approral of an ecclesiastical coondl, — there most be the cooctuient ndioncf
the parties, and this event most receive the sanction of ai cooncO in order to
dus relation. If the service ceases before the conncil sits, the relation
when the comdl sits. This is tme, practically ; theoretically, in this case ike
rdatioo ceases when the chorch accepts of the advice or deaskn of the ^yi-nifl
In practice, we suspect, there are few cases in which the chtxrch takes action sab-
•eqoentiy to the action of the coondL It is the cnstom of the churches in ordh
nary cases to take action in advance, subject to the approval of a coondL

The service may cease simultaneously with the action of the connciL If the
diurch, on advice of a coondl, fix the termination of service at a *i«»^ irnhsfna^il
to the session of the council, the relation ceases at the date thus specified.

Whichever may precede the other, it makes no diflerence ; the two tfcwip^ ^
the concurrent action of the parties and the sanction of a council, are <>«»i't^T
and the pastoral relation does not terminate until the date fixed by the ^^i—Im^^
tion of the two.

Thus a correspondent mentions a case in which the council met in Novcmba
1875, and dedded that the service should terminate April i, 1876. The Uttrr dtfe
is the one when the relation ceased.

Another correspondent presents his own case, as one who resigned the ofiioe of
pastor eight years ago, and his dismission was to be referred to the councfl to be
called for the settlement of his successor ; but such a council was never convened.
Now, after eight years' intermission, he returns and resumes his labors. He in-
quires, "What is my present relation to the church ? " We answer, unhesitat
ngly. He is pastor ; and the proper minute on the records of the church is simpir
a vote that he be invited to resume the duties of the pastorate.

TJU Brooklyn Council 0/1S76 and Reu, Dr, BuskneU, — It is a remarkable com-
ddence that during the sessions of the Brooklyn Council of 1S74, a tel^raphic
dispatch was received announdng the death of Rev. Dr. Kirk, and that during tbe
sessions of the Brooklyn Council of 1876 a similar dispatch announced the death
of Rev. Dr. BushnelL

The former coundl, although deeply impressed by the sad intelligence, yet had
io sacred a regard to the fundamental prindple that the powers and privileges of a
council are limited strictly by the letter-missive which convenes it, that it forboft
taking any action relative to the solemn event The individual members who
composed the council organized a temporary assembly between the sessions of the
council, had a season of prayer, and passed resolutions respecting the beloved
brother whose loss they deeply mourned. It had certainly been appropriate had
the members of the Coundl of 1876 pursued a similar course respecting the de-
cease or Dr. BushnelL Instead of this, however, the council itself receiving the
intdligence of his death, disregarded the limitations of its charter, and at once, in
the midst of a regular session, listened to addresses eulogistic of the deceased,
sent a message of condolence to the bereaved £unily, and then incorporated into
its final result the following sentence : —

<* Our session has been hallowed by the tidings of the death of Dr. Horace Bosh-
nell, u^ honored servant of Christ, who was peerless in our fdlowship for the

1876] Editof^s Table. 461

variety and magnificence of his gifts and the value of his services in the defence
and illustration of our common faith, and the dosing years of whose life were so
sweetly and characteristically human, while they were so nobly Christian and
divine."

The relation of this action to the letter-missive cannot involve any question of
** interpretation." It is clear and unmistakable. The council set the example of
disregarding the limitations of its charter, — an example fraught with the most
extreme peril to the liberties of our churches. To declare Dr. Bushnell ** peerless
in our fellowship for the variety and magnificence of his gifts" is sufficiently
extravagant To pronounce "the closing years of his life . . . diinm^^ is
certainly extraordinary language for a deliberative assembly. To asseverate that
he was " peerless in our fellowship for . . . the value of his services in the
defence and illustration of our common faith" involves an attempt to fix his
theological status^ which not only is unauthorized by the letter-missive, but which
the churches represented in the council will be slow to approve.

Dr. Bushnell has never been recognized by any considerable portion of " our
fellowship " as a safe guide, theologically. He has been admired for his genius,
and been beloved by those who knew him best, particularly in his later years, for
his profound spirituality. The natural tendencies of his mind were mysticaL He
had more of imagination than of logic. He often bewildered himself as well as
others in his attempts at reasoning etymologically, while he always carried his
audience by his vast rhetorical power and the deep earnestness of his spirit His
theological statements have been accepted by few without modification. In our
denomination he has been tolerated as a theological poet rather than accepted as
a theological teacher. His views of the atonement, so far as he had any distinctive
views, were not only unsatisfactory to our churches generally, but unsatisfactory
to himself. His last publbhed work. Forgiveness and Law^ was put forth as a
modification of his previous writings, and shows that in his dreamy speculations
his earnest soul did not find rest

It is amazing that the chairman of the committee who drew up the result of the
council should have declared before the council in his eulogy on Dr. Bushnell*
alluding to his trial for heresy, that " In no other Christian denomination in this
country could Dr. Bushnell have stood," and then in the result of the council
should have represented him as ** peerless • . . for the value of his services in
the defence and illustration of our common faith " I It indicates that he and
those 'who were acting in sympathy with him were in an emotional rather than
a judicial state of mind.

We love the memory of Dr. Bushnell, but we love the scriptural doctrine of
the atonement better; and we love Dr. Bushnell because, notwithstanding the
brilliancy of his intellect, his heart was better than his head.

David Bacon. — Under this heading we give a series of papers from Rev. Dr.
Bacon. Although nominally biographical, these papers are prominently historic,
and our readers will find in them much valuable material illustrative of the char-
acter of the Indians, and of the missionary enterprise as it was viewed by our
churches in the early part of this century.

Ministry and Churches of New Hampshire, — The closing article on this sub-
ject will be given in the October Quarterly. Any corrections of previous articles
will be thankfully received, if sent soon.

4^

Wy.

QUARTERLY RECORD.

CHSUiSFURO.

OLXAft CREKK. S.T^ Aptfl U,3t

coixonrooD, o^ umj n,n

ITS AVI '^LK. f *. C^cl^:.
FALL'S GHUBCH, Va^ Maf »• S

eiLMABTOX, Wam^ Maj 21, W
HAZBLDKLU !^«b^ M*7 4. U

T,(]fakfaB)MMa^Jai»U,U

LRTLK BHAflTA TALLXT.GiL, 8

M ILTOK, M iaik, Mmf U.
MOBILE. AU^ April 8. at i
OBAKGK. Wit. April f. If I
OKAKeS CKSTRK, Vt^ Joiw Tt, 4M

BOUVD BBOOK, K. J^ lUreb 17, «
BABGgyrB BLUFF, lo., April 8» 17

BCAMBLKB, M fmi.. Jan« 28. 24
BSM r AHMOO WMb. T«r., 20 meaben.
BHABBOSTA, 111,, April 6, 2» fMoaben.
SOUTH WKABJC, M. U., Feb. 1,20 taem-

ST. OLAKF, Minn., Jane 14, 2T roemben.
SWAN LAKE, Mliin., Mbv 14, 7 membeis.
TflKEB KlVEliS, Mam.. M;»y 4.
UNION OIUiVK, Iftnn.. May So, 8 roemben.
WULLAI^TON, IUm., Maj 4, 21 memben.

mhistebs ordadted.

ADAlfS, ALLIBON D., orer the Ch. in
Hiouz Kftlla, Dak. Ter., April 28. S«r.
fnon bj !{«▼. Alfred L. liiifg*, of Santea
A vencjT, N- b. Ordaininc prayer by Rev.
Charlea Mt'oeombe, of Green ulanif. Neb.

Al> \AIS, O. J., to the work of Uie Miobtry
In lllghland, Kan., May 24. Rermon by
K«T. Francla T. Ingalla, of Atchiaon.
Ordaining prayer by B«y. Sylvester
D. Hlorr«. of Quindaro.

ANDBKSON, DAVID R., over the Oh. in
OakOreek, Wta., June 15. Sermon by
llev. Geor;;e T. Ladd, of Milwaukee.

BBAOIf, DAVID N., over the Pawcatuck
Oh. In Weiterly, K. I , June 15. Surmon
by Rer. A. J. P. Behrenda, D. d.. of
I'rovldenee. Ordaining prayer by Rev.
Oonatanilne Blodgett, d. d., of Paw-
tucket.

BIOKKORD, WARREN F., to the work of
the Ministry In Winthrop, Me.. Jun«* 20.
Sermon by Rev. John 8. Bewail, of Ban-
fior Seminary.

BROOKS, W. M.. to the work of the Mlnia-
try in Karlville, lo., Apr. 20. Sermon
by Rev. Joel S. Bingnam, D. D., of
Dubuqae.

CUBTIBB. GEOMAiS

D€TlON.JOH!C
WUJ\

KDW> RD0. JON ATHA N.

OrriMiiM. Me., Jo* U.

bv Bcv.
Mofor

byBcv.Jcrem'ali
FISHER. FRENCH Wr^ to tka

MlBiaCfy la Oanail«lg^ K.T^JHtl.

Falrport. Ordalninfr F'^^F*' W B***
Calvia S. Rmttaek. of MflhriOa.

FIBK, WILBUR, ovvr tba Oh. te FMbHli
tOnn^JautlZ. Sermon W Rev. L IL
Cobb^ofMlnncspolia. OiM^wpimr
by Rcv.BdwlB b. Alde«,of AlbstUt.

GORDON. CHARLES K^ to tka wmk tf
thm Mini-try in PbioArcft, Ol« Mi^n.
Sermon by Rev . Sbenrsor Onilcr, Bw ft*

by Rev. Wiliiam Onrraiboin.

field. Masa.
HATCH. FRANK 8.. orer the Ch. In WeA

Hartford, Ct., May 7. Sermon by Rev.

Samuel E. Herrick, of BoMon, Mm^.

Oidslning prayer by Rer. KatkaaM J.

Barton, d. d.. ot Hartford.
HOLBROOK, DAVID 8., over Um Ch.la

Ellington, Cu, May 4. Sermon bj Ber.

Edward Hawe*, of Npw EbiTon. <Kdai^

ing prarer by Rev. Thomaa K. Fimw

den. of Farmington.
HOUGHTON C. B., to the work of tba Mto-

istry in Auburn. N. H , May 24. Ber>

mon by Rev. E<1ward H. Oreelay, of

Ooneord. Ordainintr prayer by Rev.

Charlea T. Mehio, of Atkinaon.
KALET. JOHN A., over the Ch. In Derby

Centre. Vt., March 10. Sermon I7 Rev.

Edward P. Wild, of Newport. Ordain-
ing prayer by Rev. Azro A. Smith, of

Imaburgh.
EOaKR.*^, OSGOOD W., over the Ch. ia

FarminRton, Me. Sermon and Ordiin>

Ing prayer by Rev. Wlilam M. Barbovr*

D. o., of Bangor 8«'minnry.
ROOT. BDWAUD P., over the Ch. in Sooth

WHbraham, Ma«e.. June I. Sermon by

Rev. Edward A. B^v6. of Springfield.
8ENGSTACKK, JOHN H. H., over the Oh.

in Woodville, Oa.. Feb. 29.
SOULS, J. T., over the Ch , in South Vigo,

Ind. S(>rmon by RfV. E. Frank Howe,

of Terre Haute.
VALLIKT, M. LOUIS, to the work of the

Mixiatry in Bunker Hill. III., Apr. T.

Sermon by liev. E'l 0»rwin, D. D., of

Jnokionvlle. Ordaining prayer by Rev.

Oharlea W. Clapp, of Waverly.

1876.]

Quarterly Record,

463

WATK1NS, W. H. H., to the work of the
Ministry In IJncklien, N. Y. Ordaining

Srayer by Rev. Walter W. Curtis, of
Forth WMllon.

WXBBEB, WILLIAM, orer the Ch. In Aah-
ton. Pa., March 26. Ordaining prayer
by Rer. John M. Thomaa, of Bbenaburg.

WMITZEL, OiiARLEB T., over the Ch. ia
Norwich Town, Ot., April 18. Sermon
bv Rev. Oliver B. Duggett, d. d., of
Ilorwioh. Ordalnl -g prayer by Rev.

Maleolm McO. Dana, of Norwich.

WILLIAM8, JOBN H., to the work of the
Ministry in Oaleehurg, Mich., Apr. 10.
Bermon by Rev. Horatio N. Barton, of
Kalamazoo, Mich.

WOODRUFF, WILLIAML., over the Ch,
in Bt'thany, Ct., Apr. 6. Sermon by
Rev. Joseph C. BodweU, d. d., of Hart*
fbrd*

XmSTEBS INSTALLED.

ADAMS, Rev. MTRON, over the Plymouth
Oh. in Rochester, N. Y., Jone 8. Ser-
mon by Rev. Thomas K. Beecher. of
Elmira. Installi ng prayer by Rev. Frank
T. Bnyley, of Canandaigua.

ARNOLD, Rev. ARTUUR B., over the Ch.
in Lemars, lo., April 4. Sermon by
Rev. Qeorire F. Magonn, d. d., of Iowa
College. iDstalUug prayer by Rev.
Bpbralm Adams, of Waterloo.

ARNOLD, Rev. SETH A., over the Ch. In
Wittemberg, lo.. Msy 8. Sermon by
Charles C. Harrah, of Monroe. Instalio
ing prayer by Rev. Joshaa M. Chamber*
Iain, of Orionell.

BAYNB, Rev. JuBN 8., over the 1st Ch.,
Portland, Ct., May 18. Sermon by Rev.
Andrew C. Denison, of Middfefield.
Installing prayer by Rev. Axel W.
Hasen, of MIddietown.

BROWN, Rev. AN8BLM B., over the Ch.
in Fort Wayne, Ind., Apr. 27. Sermon
by Rev. Elizur Andrus, of Angola. In-
stalling prayer by Rev. L. P. Rose, of
Orland.

FULLER, Rev. FRANCIS L., over the Ch.
in Hamilton, Minn., Jane 1. Sermon
by Rev. Charles W. Merrill, of Spring
Valley.

eAYLOKD, Rev. WILLIAM L., over the
8d Ch. in Chioopee. Mass., Apr. 6. Ber>
mon by Rev. Nathaniel J. Barton, D. D.,
of Hartford, Ct. Installing prayer by
Rev. Samutl O. Buckingham, D. D., of
^rlngtteld

HIBbARD, Rev. R. PIERCY, over the Ch.
in East Haven, Ct.. Mar. 80. Sermon
by Rev. Leonard Baoon, d. d., of Yale
Seminary. Installing prayer by Rev.
John B. Todd, of New Haven.

HURLBUT, Rev. JOHN B., over the Ch.
in MUtioeagne, Mass., May 8. Sermon
by Rev. lutthew B. Riddle, D. D., of
Hattford Semltiary. Installing prayer
by Rev. Samuel G. Buckingham, d. d.,
of Springfield.

KBNDALL, Rev. HBNRY L., over the 1st
Ch. In Charlestown, Msss., Apr. 10.
Sermon by Rev. A. J. F. Bebrends, D. D.,
of Providence, R. I. Installing prayer
by Hov. Geo. W. Blagden, d. d., of
Boston.
KBRR, Rev. ROBERT, over the Ch. In
Webster Groves, Mo., Mar. 24. Sermon
by Rev. Truman M. Post, D. D., of St.
Louis. Installing prsyer by Rev. John
B. Wheeler, of St. Louis.

KINCAID, Rev. WILLIAM, over the 2d Ch.
in Oberlln, O., Apr. 12. Sermon by
Rev. G. W. Henoock, d. d., of Buffalo,
N. Y. Installing prayer by Rev. Jolm
Morgan, d. d.. of Oberlln Seminary.

PBBKB. Rev. GEORGE H., over the Leavitt
St. Ch. In Cblongo, III., Apr. 13. Ser*
mon by Rev. Leander T. Chamberlain,
of Chieogo.

POPE, Rev. CHARLES H., over the 2d Ch.
In Oakland, Cal., March 31. Sermon by
Rev. Theodore T. Monger, of San Jose.

STARR, Rev. B. C, over ihe Wethersfleld
Ave. Ch. in Harford. Ct., May 17. Senr-
mon by Rev. Nathaniel J. Burton, D. D.,

^of Hartford.

TENNEY, Rev. Henry M., over the Ch. in
Steubenville, 0.. Apr. 11. Sermon by
Rev. Robert G. Hutchins, of Columbus.
Installing prnyer by Rev. Theron H.
Hawks, nf Marietta.

VANDKRVEBR. Itev D.WIDN., over the
Union Park Ch. In Chicago, III., June 0.
Sermon by Rev. William A. BarUett, of
Chicago. Inntnlling prayer by Rev.
Franklin W. FLik, d.d., of Chicago Sem-
inary.

WATERMAN. Rev. WILLIAM A., over
the Ch. in Msrlon, lo.. May 10. Sermon
by Rev. Joel Bingham, d. d., of Du-
buque. Installing prayer by Rev.
Bpnraim Adairs, of Waterloo.

WATSON, Rev. ALBERT, over the Ch. in
Hampstead. N. H., March 23. Sermon by
Rev. Clark Carter, of Lawrence, Mass,
Installing prayer by Rev. Samuel Bow-

ker, of Salrm.

WILLIAMS, Rev. GEORGE, over the Oh.
In Litohfleld, Mich , March 20. Sermon
by Rev. Moses Smith, of Jackson.
Insulling prayer by Rev. George R.
Merrill, of Adrian.

MIHI8TEE8 DISMISSED.

ADAMS, Rev. DAN;[EL E., from theCh.ln

Wllton,N. H., May 3.
BACOiS, Rev. EDWARD W., from the Ch.

In Sprinsfleld. 111., May 28.
BAICNE8, Rev. HENRY ]B., from the Cen-
tral Oil. In Woref'Bter,Mass., May 81.
BBACH, Rev. AARON C, from the Ch. in

MlUington (B 'St Hnddam), Ct., Apr. 10.
BELL, Rev. JAMES M., from tbe Ch. in

North Hadley. Mans., Apr. 20.
BUFFUM. Rev. FRANK O., from the Ch. In

East Hartford, Ct.. Apr. 25.
BULFINCH, Rev. JOHN J., from the Ch. in

Freeport, Me , Apr. 4.
CAMPBELL, Rev. HENRY F., fh>m the

Ch. in Francestown, N. H., Apr. 1.
COBB, Rev. WILLIAM U., from the Ch. in

Chiltonville (Plymonthj. Mass., May 18.
CROSS, Rev. WELLINGTON R.,from the

Ch.in Orono,Me.. May 23.
CUTLER, Rev. TKMPLE, from the Ch. In

Athol, Mass., Apr. 10.
DALY, Rev. JAMES A., from the Ch. In

Painesvllle, O.. May 2.
DOUGLAS, Rev. THOMAS, from the Ch. in

Cambridge, III.
DRAEIE, Rhv. ELLIS R., from the Central

Ch. in Middkborn.' Mnas.
EASTMAN, Rev. WILLIAM R., from the

Ch. in PlanUviile (.Southlngton), Ct.,

May 7.
BLDBRKIN, Rev. JOHN, from the Third

Ch. in Mlddl' town, Ct., May 16.
FITZ, Rev. BDWARO 8., from theCh.ln

Southampton, Mass., June 2.

4M

Quarttrfy Rtcori.

U"iy.

SnoMllsal Ch. In I'tuvldcDco, B. L
Jnncl.
HAZLEWOOn. R-», WBB8TER, from Ui

JXHTKIKH, l{<iT. RIoilAKI) Vr., fton tlw

Ch-loWlqiti'op, Me. Apr. n.

10 H.j3.n»lll., M.U., M.y 9.
KIHI7E, lt«. aBURCm W., rrom Ih* Ch.

tnCburlMloirn. N. H., Apr. 2«.

UBAVITT, BtT. BURKE F., fmni iB* WU-

IIMiin (a. In PortlBBd, Me., Uif 10.
LOOUIS, Re«. ALHHA L. F., (rom Uu Oh.

'n M UIMD, 111.. Api '

tTyN, R«T, OARl.

Jh.loPornmou'h,! , -

OLDB, Rn. HKKHT H., from tha Oh. In

WMlDoTsr.Vu.MMlO.
BANBOK, Rev. O. R.. from the Oh. IB

WBbitar CItr. I"., Mirch M.
BSED, R«i. Cbf A ELEB F-. ftom th« Oh. ia

Niptrrllle, :i1., Movt.
BALTRR, Kit. Ctl AULEB 0., fromUMCh,

In Dainlli, Ulno.. Apr. II.
BCBOnKLD. Kot. WILLIAM, from th»

Oh. in WoroDnlir, Vt., May 3.
BUITH, RcT. CUAIILES, tmm th* Boath

~ '- ■ ■ - llnM..Apr.i».

Oh. In ADda.„., . ..,-

TUCK, ReT. JKHKUY W..

[n .rewell Cliy. CI., Apr. 1.
WOODRUFF, Iter. J. D., tram IM Ch. In

Labiuiuii, N. y.

miinUBB SEOEUED.

BASER, Rev. ABIJAH R. n.D^, InDor.
BKLLrR*'- HlRiiTIo Wo.lChMter,(X,'
BIRD. Rgt. I8AAC. In 0™>l BurlDcUa,

CLARKk', Rev. ORLANDO, In VUUm, la.,

April 1. In hi. Mil year.
COBH. KCT. ASAHEL. In Sudwlch, llHt,

Mur I. In h<> Mlh vs.r.
DICKIXBON. Bit. KOADIAH 8- In Jack

unrUle, Flu., Umreb 37.
DUNCAN, Rev. THOUAB W., Id Nddia,

N. n„ M.y S, In hli Wib VB.r.
ELDRKDQE, Un. KRASUirS D., !■

Alhena. On., April IS. In bii TM nar.
HACKKTT, B'-i.S[lfeON,ln Tntpte,!!*.,

HARDIN d, Rev. BK Wa LL. in Aubimaita,

PARK. R«T. HAlCl

PARKKR, Rrr. OR»o''n, IiTBinM, 9. T,

Ct.. ivmt 13, Id hi*
tuDDBURTT.BAMUl

lo.. June 1, In hH ITLhyoar.
BOGEItB. Rev. ANDREW J., :

VI.. Msyt,

imnSTERB USSIBD.

BUTLKB— IfcINDOE. In Wlndmr.Vt.,
Jniia 1, Bev. Fruklln Bail*t W Bn.
AbbvUcIndce.bolhofWIddHT.

DAY — HOTCUKiaB. In N(w Haven, Cu,
Bev. Qeoriie E. Day, □. ■>.. to Mlia
Ollrli C. Hnirhklaa, both of Nsw Haven.

ytKLD— HUMPH Rr. In Bprlogflelil,M«»a.,
Apr.»,ReT. UsorKtW. Fkld. D. c, M
Uni. Lnc7 E. Humphry, both of Bangor,

JSWETT — D W I >T KL L.

1IXRRIL1,-8T0WERS. In Btwklon.llo.

Kay S, Rev, Benjamin B. Merrltl, u

Ul*i Aernea eioirara, both of Buckton.
PBATT — BOULE. In New Bbann, Ha.

Jnna It, Kav. J. LorlDi Pratt, la Mlii

Lacv Boile, both af Birong.
BTEVBNS— SLaT)C. In Bralllehore-.Vt.

UarohaS.Rav.AinrdBI^Taiit, d, D., ol

Weemlnliter, Weat, to Mra. Calharlni

W. BlaU, of KraUleboro'.
TAPPAN — BIOK. In Provldenoe, B. I.

May 18, Rev. Charli ■ ~

ovlden

oMIia Mint It. Rice,

WALKER — WBAMEB. In Chloago, ni„
Apr. 8, Rev. JamH B. Walker, d. p.,
toJfn.Hirv A. Wearael.bolborill.

WBICIHT- COWDEKY. In Bimdeikv,
O., Apr. 11, Rev. Newell S. WHcht, of
B^libary, ilaae.. to Mb* Emma W.
Oowdery, vA Bandnaky.

KLB.,lnDeaHalH«,

Rev. WILLIAM A., B. D., k

- 1aai..Joiie t.lDbKtMnv.

V. TBOMAB, M. D., IB AbH.

e, R. L, Hay B, In hia Snh year.

iR, I{ev.AAKUN.D.I1.,lnAiBh(n^

Wiujox, Rev. joay. In l-wlnabiuc, 0,

WARNER, Rev.,

HHIBTESS' WITEB DBOEIBED.

ABBOT, Mn. REBECCA B., vUe of tba
late Rev- Onrbam D.. 1.1^ d.. In Fair
Baven, Ct.. March ». In her Tlat yaav.

BALDWIN. Ur>. ABIQAII.. irlfe of Re*.
Thomu, lo Plymontb, N. EI.,HBy^>>
her 71il year.

BOND, Mra. BIBBY ANN W., wlfk afRn.
AlvasBond. D. D., In Nonrloh, Ot, Ju*

DUR^KS, Mra. BAKAH T., wlla of Rot.

Calvin, D. □.. in WlllianuhiWB, Maaa,

Apr. 1, hi her 14th year.
FABWELL Mr*. £L12 ABSTH B., wHB •(

tha late Rev, John B., in Boaton, V — .

FOLLETT, Mra. MARTHA D.B..wlfBor
the lata Bav. Waller, In H-nnik.!, Ho,

aO0DWTN,MTi,UARTIIAF.,wireafRn.

Banrr M.. In Olivet, Mich., March IT.
HOBART, Mr*. BUTBSY, wife of tba U*

HYDE. Mra. BALLY, vlfe of the laU Rev.

Eli. In Franklin, OL. Id her »Olh year.
HORTON, Ura. JULIA A., wife of Rav.

81. InherilMyBar. ' '

WALDRON, Uri. MARY A., wifb of Bav.
Daniel W., In Buulb Bralnme, Maa.,
Jnna U, In bar 3>Hh yau.

1876.] Changes in Post-Office Address of Ministers. 465

CHANGES IN POST-OFFICE ADDRESS OF MINISTERS.

Adama, Aniwm D., Blonz Fkllf, Dakotah

Territory.
Adama, Mjron, Roeheatar, N. Y.
Apthorp, Rufat, Lanark, 111.
Amutrong, Robert 8., Winnebago Ageney,

Minn.
Arnold, Arthor B., Lemarf, lo.
Arnold, Beth A., Wlttemberg, lo.

Baldwin, Onrtla 0., SnlUvan, O.
Baldwin, John A., New Baltimore, Mioh.
Bayne, Thomas, Colnmbnt, Neb.
Beach, David N., Weaterly, R. I.
Beekwith, George A., Troy, N. H.
Blaeoe, George 8., 8halltbarg, Wis.
Bordwell, Daniel N., Webster City, ICo.
Boaworth, Qniney M., Ooe Ridge, O.
Bowersoz, James G., Edgerton, O.
Bryant, 8tephen O., Mancelona, ICioh.
Bnmell, John O., Freedom, O. •
Barton, Horatio N., Kalamasoo, Mich.

GhamberUln, Bertwell N., BrfstoIviUe, O.
ChamberliUn, John P., Bloomer, Wia.
Ohamberlin, U. T., Hartford, O.
Ohaaebrongh, Amos 8., Durham, Ot.
Clark, Bereno D., No. 8omerviUe, Mass.
Gleavelsnd, Bdward, Burlington, Kan.
Commings,' Elam J., Kelloggsvllle, O.
Cortiss, Geo. A., MineTille, N. T.

Dawson, John B., Imlay Olty, Mich.
Dickerman. Lysander, Chloo, OaL
Dutton, John M., Lebanon, N. H.

Bastman, William R., New Britain, Ot.
Edwards, Jonathan, Bast Orrington, Me.
Ellis, Jacob F., Seattle, Washington Terri-
tory.

Fbk, Wilbnr, Freeborn, lOnn.

Gardner, Austin, BnoUngham, Ct.
Goodenow, Smith B., Chandleryille, 111.

Harria, J., Oolumboa, O.

Hateh, Frank S., West Hartford, Ot.
Hlbbard, E. P., East Haven, Ot.
Holbrook, David 8., Ellington, Ot.
Hard, Fayette, Oherokee, lo.

Jonea, Daniel I., OinoinnaU, O.

Kendall, Henry L., Obarlestown, Mass.
Kerr, Robert, Webster Groves, Mo.

Mails, John L., Jaekson, Mieh.
Marsh, Dwight W., No. Amherst, Mass.
Marsh, William, Tallmadge, O.
Matson, Albert, Dover, Kan.
May, T. Melbonme, Taftviile, Ot.
Morriaon, MarUn V. B., OhiUleothe, O.

Parker, Alexander, Mitehell, lo.
Patohin, John, Ohardon, O.
Peeke, Geo. H., Chicago, 111.
Perkina, Francis B., Denver, Ool.

Roirers, Osgood W., Farmlngton, Me.
Root, Bdward P., So. Wilbraham, Mass.
Ross, A. Hastings, Port Huron, Mich.

Bengstaoke, J. H. H., Woodville, Ga.
Smith, Isaiah P., Dover, N. H.
Boule, J. T., So. Vigo, Ind.
Starr, B. C, Hartford, Ct.
Stoddard, Judson B., Cheshire, Ot.

Tenney, Bdward P., Manchester, Maas.
Tomer, Edwin B., Owego, N. 7.

Vanderveer, David N., Chicago, HI.
Vetlsr, John, Peace, Kan.

Warner, Lyman, Salisbury, Ot.
Webber, William, Ashton, Pa.
Weitsel, Charles T^ Norwiohtown, Ok
WiUiama, George, Litchfield, Mich.
Wilson, John G., Portland, Me.
Winslow, Jacob, Dover, O.
Woodrufl; WiUam L., Bethany, Ct.

466 Americam Camgr^qtumdl Association. {July,

THE AMERICAN CONGREGATIONAL ASSOCIATION.

The Twenty-third Annual Meeting of the American Congrega-
tional Association (agreeably to notice in the Congregaiianalist) was
held in Pilgrim Hall, May 30, 1876, at 12 if.

The president occupied the chair. Prayer was offered by Rev.
Lyman Whiting, d. d., of Philadelphia, Pa.

The minutes of the last Annual Meeting were read and approved.
The reports of the Directors, of the Library Committee, and of the
Treasurer, were read, accepted, and referred to the Directors fo^
publication at their discretion.

Whereupon the report of the Committee on the Ministerial Bureau
was submitted by Dr. Dexter, concluding with the following resolu-
tions, which he proposed for adoption : —

Resolved^ That no further action be taken by the American Congrega-
tional Association for the continuance of the Bureau of Ministerial Sup^^y.

Resolved^ That this is done in the hope, and with the urgent requesti
that the conduct of the Bureau shall be assumed by the Massachusetts
Home Missionary Society.

Resolved^ That a Committee of Three be appointed to attend the ap-
proaching Annual Business Meeting of the Massachusetts Home Mission-
ary Society, and, in behalf of this Association, urge upon it the adoption
of the policy and the acceptance of the labor suggested in this report

This report was accepted and referred like the others, and the
three resolutions were passed. Messrs. Dexter, Means, and Noyes
were appointed a Committee to lay the resolutions before the Massa-
chusetts Home Missionary Society.

The following officers were then chosen by ballot for the ensuing

year : —

PfiHdent.

Hon. EDWARD S. TOBEY, Boston.

Vice-Presidents.

Hon. William W. Thomas, Portland, Me.
Hon. Nelson Dingley, Jr., Lewiston, Me.
Rev. Nathaniel Bouton, d. d.. Concord, N. H.
Rev. Harvey D. Kitchel, d.d., Weybridge, Vt
Rev. RuFus Anderson, d. d., Boston, Mass.
Rev. Jacob Ide, d.d., Medway, Mass.
Rev. Seth Sweetser, d. d., Worcester, Mass.
Hon. Horatio G. Knight, Easthampton, Mass.

1876.] American Congregational Association. 467

Rev. Thomas Sheparo, d. d., Bristol, R. I.

Hon. Amos C. Barstow, Providence, R. I.

Rev. Leonard Bacon, d. d.. New Haven, Conn.

Hon. Lafayette S. Foster, Norwich, Conn.

Hon. Calvin Day, Hartford, Conn.

Rev. William M. Taylor, d. d.. New York City.

Rev. Ray Palmer, d. d.. New York City.

Rev. Wm. Ives Budington, d. d., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Rev. Israel W. Andrews, d. d.. Marietta, O.

Rev. Samuel Wolcott, d. d., Cleveland, O.

Rev. Nathaniel A. Hyde, Indianapolis, Ind.

Rev. Julian M. Sturtevant, d. d., Jacksonville, 111.

Rev. Samuel C. Bartlett, d. d., Chicago, 111.

Hon. Charles G. Hammond, Chicago, 111.

A. Finch, Esq., Milwaukee, Wis.

Rev. William £. Merriman, Ripon, Wis.

Rev. Truman M. Post, d. d., St. Louis, Mo.

Rev. William Salter, d. d., Burlington, Iowa.

Rev. George Mooar, d. d., Oakland, Cal.

Rev. Henry Wilkes, d.d., Montreal, Canada.

Directors,

Hon. Edward S. Tobey, Boston. Hon. Rufus S. Frost, Chelsea.

John Field, Esq., Arlington. J. Russell Bradford, £lsq., Bos-

Rev. Alonzo H. Quint, d. d.. New ton.

Bedford. S. D. Warren, Esq , Boston.

Rev. H. M. Dexter, d. d., Bos- David N. Skillings, Esq., Win-
ton. Chester.

Henry D. Hyde, Esq., Boston. Rev. N. G. Clark, d. d., Boston..

Rev. John O. Means, d.d., Boston. Richard H. Stearns, Esq., Bos-
James P. Melledge, Esq., Cam- ton.

bridge. James White, Esq., Boston.

Treasurer,
SAMUEL T. SNOW, Esq., Boston.

Corresponding Secretary^ Librarian^ and Assistant Treasurer,
Rev. ISAAC P. LANGWORTHY, Chelsea.

Recording Secretary,
Rev. DANIEL P. NOYES, Newburyport

Auditor,
JOSEPH N. BACON, Esq., Newton.

There being no further business, the meeting was adjourned.

DANIEL P. NOYES, Rec. Sec.

468 Anuriam CongregtUional Assodatien. {Jnly,

THE TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT

OF THl

American Congregational Association.

It is a little more than a year since work on the library building
was finished, and thus the long-looked-for Congregational House,
being completed and occupied, became a reality to those who had
so long beheld it only by the eye of laith.

It is occupied generally as at our last report. But one room is
vacant. One store and two rooms on the fourth floor are held by
tenants at will, at very low, merely nominal rents, until more remu-
nerative prices can be obtained. The salaries of some of the em-
ployees have recently been reduced, as the income of the Assodatioa
as compared with the outlay demanded such reduction.

While a less number of books may have been added to the library
than in some former years, yet, in real value, the closing has been an
exceptionally good year. More rare and valuable publications have
been received than in any previous twelve months. Tix present
condition and wants of the Association are briefly as follows : —

We have a valuable property, with stores for rental, and ample
accommodation for all our denominational societies ; and a library
building unsurpassed for convenience, security against fire, and in
every way suited to the purposes for which it was designed. It is
everywhere admitted that no location could have been selected that
would be more convenient for all who have business with ourvaiioui
religious organizations ; that all the societies are well accommodated
for space and light, and are perfectly satisfied in these repects. The
House has become widely known as a centre for Congregation alJsts ;
it is complete in all its parts, solid in structure, and will require but
very small expense for repairs for many years. In ordinary times of
business prosperity, and with only the debt of f ioq,ooo, which, when
the buildings were purchased, was supposed Co be the maximum of
indebtedness, our income would meet our expenditures ; but it is ^
well known that unforeseen circumstances arising in the provider
of God, such as the great Are and the commercial panic, p

iSy6.] American Congregational Association. 469

our receiving such contributions as were confidently anticipated, and
made a further debt of f S<''°°o inevitable ; and thus it has come to
pass that the receipts fall short of the expenses by just about the
interest upon this $50,000. It should be said, however, that the
income from rents, if every store aod room were occupied, and the
rents were the same as when tenants first took possession, would
even now be sufficient ; and there is every reason to believe that with
the return of commercial prosperity and the revival of business, there
will be no difficulty in meeting all current expenses.

This Association embarked in a noble enterprise after careful
thought and earnest prayer. By the blessing of God we have suc-
ceeded in our hearts' desire for a Congregational House ; and now
the honor of the denomination is concerned, not only to retain i^
but to place it on a sure and broad foundation, where temporary
reverses in business will not affect its usefulness, and pecuniary em*
barrassments will be avoided. Although in the early part of the
year the directors were painflilly aware that the regular income would
be insufficient to meet current expenses, they yet delayed making
any special effort to obtain funds until a few weeks since. A brief
appeal at one of the meetings of the Congregational Club was then
made, which resulted in our receiving $1,797 fro™ that source, in-
cluding $437 which came through personal appeals of our secretary.
Subsequently a committee was appointed to present the matter to the
Congregational ministers at their Monday-morning meeling. It was
very gratifying to know of the interest in the House manUested by
these clergymen, and it is hoped and expected that contributions
will be taken up in nearly all the churches of Boston and vicinity, and
that soon our treasury will be in receipt of a large amount from this
source. Some of the churches have already responded, and others
have agreed to do so wiihin the neK few weeks. In this way, or in
some other, our denomination should raise J6,ooo in order to carry
us forward to January, 1878. And to the question of present, and
the pressing necessities for the coming twenty months, the attention
of the members of the Association is respectfully and earnestly
directed.

It will be remembered that from the first attempt to establish a
Congregational House, the friends of the enterprise have looked for-
ward to a time when it would be owned &ee from debt, and when
the rents from business occupants would be sufficient to meet all
expenses, ani ilien our religious societies would have their several
joms rent free. It is a grand object to work for and to pray for ;

d if some of our large-liearted and wealthy friends will give their
-vol. vuL NO. 3. 31

470 American Congregational Association. [July,

ten, twenty, or fifty thousand dollars it can be done, and the treas-
ury of every one of our Congregational religious societies will then
be annual beneficiaries to the amount of their rents. Bat if this
result cannot be reached in the near future, the directors are deeply
impressed with the importance of at least paying oflf the second
mortgage of $50,000. This alone will reduce our expenses $3,500,
and, the stores being let, there may then be set apart, year by year,
something for a sinking fund, which shall in time result in entire
freedom from debt The responsibility of successfully carrying for-
ward this Association rests with the members of our churches. The
house is theirs. The objects to be attained are very desirable, and
should, as the directors think, engage the hearty co-operation of
every Congregationalist.

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE LIBRARY

For 1875-6.

In general there is little that seems to your committee needful to
be now said in regard to the condition of the Library more than to
note the brief statistics of its condition, and gratefully to recc^^nize
the fact that the year now closing has been one of decided though
not striking prosperity.

The actual number of volumes in the Library to-day is 17,806,
besides 4,595 duplicates, making a total of 22,401. This is an in-
crease since the last Annual Report of 1,534, exclusive of duplicates.
There have been given to the Library during the year 5,011 pamph-
lets (largely duplicates), making the present estimated number in
stock but little short of 100,000. There have been g^ven during the
year to the Library 1,169 books and 5 manuscripts. About 200
volumes have been bound.

Fair progress has been made in the slow and indispensable work
of cataloguing, the great alphabetical catalogue of slips, pasted in
volumes, having been carried to the title " Congregationalism."

Respectfully submitted.

HENRY M. DEXTER,
JOHN O. MEANS,
ALONZO H. QUINT,

CammitUi*

Boston, May 25, 1876.

1876.] American Congregational Association, 471

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE BUREAU OF
MINISTERIAL SUPPLY FOR 1875-6.

The commencement of the year now closing found this experi-
mental work hopefully begun in the hands — under the supervision
of the committee — of Mr. George Beal. For nearly eleven of the
twelve months it has been carried on by Mr. Beal with the sincere
desire, and, as the committee think, the faithful endeavor on his
part to test fairly the problem whether the common cause can wisely
and successfully be served in this manner. Some six weeks ago
Mr. Beal found himself providentially compelled to remove from
town, and to pass over this labor to some other hands ; but, at the
solicitation of the committee, he consented to retain his nominal
connection to the close of the year, and now lays it down, leaving it
for the Association to decide what course shall hereafter be taken,
offering to pass over to whatever successor may undertake the duty
— should it be continued — the valuable series of books and records
which he has accumulated, and which would have great use, on the
condition that such successor assume the moderate obligations of
service under which the Bureau is left for moneys received.

Your committee take this opportunity to express their confidence
in Mr. Beal, and their conviction that he has conducted an extremely
difficult and delicate labor with entire honesty of purpose and with
a degree of success which, on the whole, is highly gratifying.

As to the future, your committee have felt great hesitancy as to
what course they might most wisely recommend. Enough of suc-
cess has been realized to make them very unwilling that the en-
deavor should be abandoned, while yet it has been demonstrated
that it is impracticable to carry forward the work without the broader
interest and co-operation of the churches, and that it would be very
important for the securing of such interest and co-operation that it
be not left to fall into individual and comparatively irresponsible
hands, but be attached to, and made a part of, the normal work of
some organization, which might naturally employ it and labor through
it, and which would gain for it at once the general confidence.

The bare statistics of what has been accomplished during the past
year your committee confidently submit in evidence of the real and
considerable value of the Bureau, even in the rudimentary and im-
perfect way in which it has been compelled to carry on its functions.
They are these, viz. —

472 Ameriain Congregatio>uit Association. [July,

It has served in one way or anoiher (either in aiding them to
settle pastors, or to fill their pulpils for one or more Sabbaihs) 191
different churches, which churches have been situated in all the
New England States, in New York, New Jersey, and Ohio.

It has sent out correspondingly for such temporary or perma-
nent service ira different ministers.

The number of Sabbaths thus supplied with preaching by the
Bureau has been 780.

The largest number of preachers sent out on any one week hu
been 28 ; the smallest number 7 ; the average number 15.

The number of ministers who have desired from the Bureau aid
in procuring a settlement has been 1 iS ; while, on the other hand,
the number of churches who have desired its assistance in securing
a pastor has been only 49 ; so that, by the failure of the churches
to seek the aid of the Bureau in like proportions with candidates
for the pastorate, it will be seen at once that it has been able V)
offer to these ministerial brethren but little more at the best than an
average of ^ of a chance each.

Of 84 churches which were without a pastor, applying to the
Bureau for its service, only 49 (or /jlhs of the whole number) asted
it to aid them in re-establishing the pastorate.

Two real and substantial benefits may be gratefully set down to
the credit of the work of the year, viz. —

(i.) Thirty-five (35) ministers have been aided success fiilly to
find settlement, of whom two were in Ohio and one in New York,
and —

(2.) Three or four men who came into New England with tat
intention of saddling themselves upon some of its unwaiy cburcbei,
and levying upon them for their own support for a longer or shorter
time, have been defeated, exposed, and obliged to retire in disgrace,
by the simple but salubrious operation of that most wise and indis-
pensable requirement of this Association and of its committee, that
no person not on our own Congregational list, shall receive the
endorsement of the Bureau, even for a single half-day's preadiii^
service, who could not satisfy the committee by unquestionable cre-
dentials of his good standing in the Christian ministry.

When the amount of evil which may easily be done and whidi
often has been done by one such wolf in sheep's clothing is remoD-
bered, your committee feel that this simple purpose of mutual pro-
tection, if no olher consideration suggested itself, would offer ample
reason for, and justification of, the continuance of an undertaking so
well begun and on the whole so fruitful.

-iSyS-J American Congregational Association. 473

They do not feel, then, that it would be right or wise for them to
reconimend the discontinuation of this effort to advantage ministers
and churches ; and this the more that, borrowing from our brief
experience, Chicago has commenced a similar Bureau, with encour-
aging success.

Your committee would have no ditEoilty in designating individ-
uals— one or more — who would be quite willing, under the au-
spices of the Association, to undertake to fill \f r. Beal's vacant place,
and carry forward the experiment which he has so well begun ; but
many difficulties occur to them as likely to encumber and imperil
any such endeavor, and they think they see a more excellent way.

It is their conviction that this work of aiding, primarily, Massa-
diusetts candidates to Massachusetts pulpits, and the converse, —
which, it seems to them, also naturally includes the lesser but kin-
dred work of supplying vacant pulpits from Sabbath to Sabbath, —
belongs in point of philosophy to the Massachusetts Home Mission-
ary Socifty, and they can see no good reason why it should not
belong to it in point of fact. It seems to them that the secretary
of that Society, by virtue of his position, is, or ought to be, the next
and nearest friend of every pastorless church in the Commonwealth,
and that it would be an altogether natural and happy arrangement,
which should connect with the office and office-work of that Society
this Bureau and its endeavors for churches on the one hand and
ministers on the other. They believe that for that Society to under-
take this friendly interposition would at once awaken the (thus far
delayed) confidence of the churches in the feasibility, wisdom, and
hopejulness of this method of meeting their pulpit wants, and
would rally to the general advantage of that organization in all its
great work a new and helpful increment of popular interest, while
they cannot but feel also that to centre the thoughts of candidates
for the pastorate upon that Society would be a gain to both parties
in the transaction.

And youi' committee cannot but feel that were the Massachusetts
Home Missionary Society even to appoint a new and special officer
for the charge of this department of the home work, assuming all
the cost thereof, and offering all the wisest aids of the bureau sys-
tem, when most fully and perfectly developed, without money and
without price, to all churches and all ministers desiring the same,
it could not make a wiser expenditure, cither for the cause of the
Master in general or for its own interests in particular.

Without dwelling here further, then, upon these views, your com-
mittee draw their report lo a close by asking the passage by this
Association of the following resolutions, viz. —

474 American Congregational Association. [July,

Resolved, That it be recommended that no further action be taken
by the American Congregational Association for the continuance of
the Bureau of Ministerial Supply.

Resolved^ That this is done in the hope, and with the urgent
request, that the conduct of that Bureau be assumed by the Massa-
chusetts Home Missionary Society.

Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed to attend the
forthcoming annual business meeting of the Massachusetts Home
Missionary Society, and, on behalf of this Association, urge upon it
the adoption of the policy and the undertaking of the labor sug-
gested in this report

All of which is respectfully submitted.

HENRY M. DEXTER,

JOHN O. MEANS,

CommitUe,
Boston, May 25, 1876.

DONATIONS OF BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS.

VoU. Pam.

Adams, Rev. Thomas, Wlnslow, Me 1

Adams, W. W., D. D., Fall River 1

American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, Boston, newspapers, 2 &87

American Education Society, Boston 1

American Missionary Society, New Yorlc 1

American Unitarian Association, Boston ....... 77

Ames, Azel, Jr., m. d., Wakefield 1

Amherst College, Amherst 1

Atkinson, Rev. Timothy, Norton 78 U

Barney, Rev. J. O., Hyde Park, old newspaper.

Barrows, William, D. D., Boston 14S

Bartlett, 8. C, D. D., Obioago, III 8

Bates, Hamlett, Bsq.. Chelsea, Photograph 1

Bates, Rev. James A., Lowell 107

Beal, George, Oohasset 54 1,087

Beaman, Rev. C. C, Cambridge 36 71

Bell, Hon. Charles H., Exeter, N. H . 82

Biscoe, Rev. Qeorge S., Tipton, lo 1

Blake, Rev. L. H., Methaen 1

Boston, City of 4 U

Boaton, Nathaniel, D. D., Concord, N. H I

Bradford Academy, Bradford 1

Brookllne, Town of, through B. F. Baker 1

Bruce, Rev. Henry J., India 2

Bnlkley, Rev. 0. H. A., Boston 1

Billiard, Rev. Asa, Boston 1 63

Bunker Hill Monument Association, Charlestown 1

Bureau of Education, Washington, D. C. 1

Burt, Rev. D., Winona, Minn. 1

Butler, Rev. Daniel, Boston 1

Carpenter, Rev. C. C, Andover 61

1876.] American Congregational Association, 475

Volfl. Pun.

Chapin, C. N., Melrose 1

Cbesebrough, Bev. A. S., Vernon, Conn 82 652

Olark, Rev. B. Fm North Chelmsford 1

Olark, N. C, D. D , Boston 25

OUrke, Dorns, d. d., Boston 1

Oobb, G-eorge W., East Boston, manuscript.

Oollins, Rev. Samuel, Pittsburg, Pa 2 7

Oongregatlonal Publishing Society, Boston 18

Ootton, Miss Martha I., Dorchester 1

Ooivles, Henry, d. d., Oberlin, 0 9

Gushing, Dea. Andrew, Boston 51 145

OuBbing, Christopher, d. d., Boston 7

Cushman, Rev. Job 1

Dana, Miss Anna H., Marblehead 144 8

Dawes, Rev. Ebenezer, Dighton 1

Day, Rev. Hiram, Chatham 22

Dean, Rev. Benjamin, Sibley, lo 1

Departmentof the Interior, Washington, D.O. ...... 19

Dexter, H. M., D. D., Boston 1 49

Draper, W. F., Andover 28

Durant, Aagustus A., Melrose 12

Durant, Mrs. H. F., Wellesley 8

Dwight, Rev. B. W., Clinton, N. Y 2

Baton, Rev. J. M. R., Medfield 1

Bills, Mrs. F. D., Medfield 21 82

Farrar, Hon. Timothy, Library of, through Bdward D. Crane ... 11 81

Finch, A., Esq., Milwaukee, Wis. 1

Ford, Rev. James T., Ch<(rleston, S. C 24 181

Foster, Rev. A. P., Chelsea 2

Freelaod, Rev. S. M., Newton 1

Frost, Hon. R. S., Chelsea 11

Fnllonton, Joseph, Raymond, N. H. 1

Friend, Estate of «1 «2

•* " 67 35

Gerould, Rev. 8. L., Gofbtown, N. H 60

Green, S. A., M. D., Boston 2 100

Green, Hon. Thomas, Chelsea 5

GrotoD, Town of 1

Hall, J. E., Boston 1

Harding, Mrs. Sewall, Aubumdale, Portrait.

Hayes, Rev. 8. H., Boston 1

Hazen, Kev. H. A., Billcrica 8

Homer, Mrs. C. W., Cambridge 2 1

Homes, Rev. Francis, Oochesett 1

Hobbard, Gardiner G , Cambridge 85

Hunncwell, J. F., Charlestown 1

Hyde, C. M., d. d., Haverhill 1

Ireland, Rev. William, Africa «9

Jackson, Lewis E., New York City 18

Jewett, Rev. William R., Fisherville, N. H 10 98

Johnson, Samuel, Boston 2

Johnson, William, Chelsea, Portrait 1

Kingman, Abner, Boston 1 43

Kirk, Mills , Boston 5 69

Labaree, Benjamin, D. D., West Roxbury 28 200

Laurie, Thos., d. d., Providence, R. 1 2

Lawrence, E. A., d. d., Marblehead 1

Luce, Rev. L., Westford 8A

Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston 1

Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Boston 1

476 American Congregational Association. [July,

Volt. PmL

McKeen, Silas, d. d., Bradford, VU 1

Means, James H., D. d., Dorchester •.....•• 7 18

KighilJ, Bey. N., Worcester 2

Miltlmore, Ber. William, Newbaryport, Library of 1

Moore, Rev. W. H., BerUn, Ok>nn. . • 2

Moroog, Rev. Thomas, Ipswich 14 91

Mount Holyoke Seminary, South Hadley 1

Noyes, Rev. D. P., Byfleld 4

Patrick, Rev. H. J., West Newton 1 101

Perkins, Rev. F. B., Boston 2 1

Fhillips, Daniel, Hartford, Oonn 1

Pond, Bnoch, d. d., Bangor, Me 2

Porter, Rev. B. O., LexiDgton 1 S

Panchard, Rev. George, Boston, Map ........ 0

Qoiney, Miss BUza Susan, Boston 1

Bedlon, Rev. Amos, Abbott, Me. 4

Reed, Rev. F. A., Bast Taunton 1

Rogers, W. B., Everett . 1

Ropes, Hon. Joseph S., Boston Highlands 17 US

Beabury, Rav. Bdwin, Walpole, N. H., 8 manuscripts.

Sharp, James C, Dorchester 1 t

Shedd, William G. T., D. D., New York City IS

Shtpman, Rev. T. L., Jewett City, Conn. • 1

Smith, Rev. D. A. W., Burmah t

Snow, S. T., Boeton t

Stockwell, S. Nm Boston, Bngraving 7 900

SweeUer, Joseph, Chelsea • • • 1

Tappan, Mrs. BUaabeth D., Ipswidi 1

Tarboz, I. N., d. d., Boston 2

Taylor, Rev. R., d. d., Bordentown, N. J 1

Taylor, Mrs. 8. H., Andover 56

Tenney, Rev. B. P., Ashland 0 6

Th >mp8on, William, d. d., Hartford, Conn 1

Titcomb, Joseph, Wells, Me. . 1

Tobey, Alvan, d. d., South Berwick, Me., Bstate of 86

Todd, Thomas, Boston 4

Toles, Rev. R. G., Boston 8 1

Treat, Rev. A. O., m. d., Boston 1

Trowbridge, Rev. T. C., Boston 2 6

Tyler, Rev. H. M., Fltchbnrg 8

Vilas, C. H., Chicago, III 1

Ward well, William H., Nevrton 1

Wheaton Seminary, Norton 1

Whitcomb, Mrs. Harriet L., Concord 145

White, Miss Hannah, Ashfleld 2r2

Williams, Thomas H., 2 manuscripts

Wilson, Rev. Thomas, Stonghton 51

Wlnslow, Mrs. Miron, Boston 8

Woman's Board of Missions, Boston 4

Wood, Bartholomew, Newton 5

Wyckoff, Rev. J. D., Roseville, III 1

Yale College, New Haven, Conn 1

1876]

American Congregational Association.

SUBSCRIPTIONS AND CONTRIBUTIONS.

Ean()>rd.Duil«IPhl1llp>,EH. . . U£0 «
Haw Hneu, Prof. 0«C(e B. Diy . i 01

K*ir PnHdn.HtT. Heory Udkii . 3 Si

Balls PltlD, Ber. Dulal Lua . •

rton. John Pleld %V» 00

rudslf. R«v. O. Cdllar. ... A 00

D, Berkslof t^t. Cb. ud Sos. . M U

c. F. Bik> at 00

Ebon CMtx U 1.0

J. SnktD n 00

FoBK,HoaghU>nftCDolIdge, 100 00

W. B. FrcMI e 00

'W.O.GrnTor 100 00

T. J. H«dl>r U 00

J.B. Hu>r UOO

Alpbfloa Hard; M QO

W.a. IIollltMr 10 00

H B. Hooker, o.o 10 QO

B.D. Hfda MOO

SaiDDfl JofanNia 100 00

Jonilhua A. Lane , , . , ID 00

J. W. PlDkonoQ !0 00

F. Bnow »W

R.H. Swunu 100 00

£. 3. Tohcr M 00

L. F. VTnmot, M. D 10 00

B.O. Warren aiM 00

A. L. wnita 30 00

3tmB» Wlilta U 00

B«Bg« 6 00

Fr^Dd t 00

HI(blBDda, A. 0. Tbamp-

iuolY,'. FhlnahiiVatn '. '. 1 00
UrinbUn Dl<uiat,Win, 0.

BtroBf tt OO

ObarloloiTB DlilrteL, 0«.

Hyde 30 00

ChdrlHtowD IHtlriet, Bar.

A. e.Twontbly .... 1000
Doroh«ler Dl.iriol. Rot. F.

A. HMd 1 OO

BorcbHIer Dixrict, EI-

brldgo Torroy 3t 00

Dorchveler DUtricI, Frank

Wood 10 00

Jsmstsa flaln, R. W.Wood,

Boalon, W. Eoibary, Bo. Bv. Cb.

uid Uoo |» »

'■ We« Roibory, Kdwurd

BtroDg. D. I> 10 00

Brockllnc, UarvurdCh.andBoc. . 100 00

Camtirtdga, Jamoa P. UMIcdca . . 100 00

" Wm. Foi Rlobardaon . » 00

■ Norih.UM.D.O.Menra. 10 00

Port.B. Ksndall ... St 00

Obolaea, latCh. HndBoD lU 03

•■ Rty. A. P, F.«tBr .... t 00

Chlltonvlllo. Itar. Wm. H. Cobb . . S 00

Concord, TbomH Todd 39 00

DiDTitia.UapIeBi.Cb.iiDdSoc.. . tf tt

Drdbam, Ml*e M. 0. Buri.- 100 00

FiWhhnrg.CalT. Ch. andfluo, ... OT W

Ilyda rwk, Thomu CbamtH-rbdTi . 1 00

KewB«Uaid,B. U.DeiUr, D.D. . » 00

Newlon, J N. BuMa M 00

" WIUIUnO.TrDobrtdKe ■ 10 00

" W«i, I. N, T«'bo», D.a. 6 00

QnlncT, CoiiE>J Cb. and Sat M 41

b«lem, Cr(,nibl<i SI. Cb. and Soc. . U 40

'■ Tabernacla Cb. ud Son. . . 18 U

Waverlj, [lev. D Builor B 00

WlnchL.aur. D. K. SktIllniM .... 100 00
J II. Tvl.

r, OJd Si

Ii Ch. sQd I

>c. to IS
•3,MJ13

Bprlncflald, O. E. Harwood .

w Hahpbbibk.

t,. Brown, f 100 00

RodmsDiRvT. SaniDelJohiiaon , . tl 00
BTrasuaa, GonK'l Cb. and Sac. ... tO OO
WellavUle, 111 Coofr'l Cb. and B«, 10 M

OoDDMtienl t2ST 00

Iowa 1 00

UaaaacbOMtlJ 3,387 IS

UleaaDri t 00

New Hampablr 145 SI

Naw Tork 70 $0

•3^T OS

478

American Congregational Association.

[July.

<

H

>^

H

O
M

as
D

o

QQ

^ 2

P

o
'J
o

•<

2

o

H

-<

D
o

CO

'Ji

•J

O

M

H

•<
O
u

o
o

<5

1^

o
I I

a i

$s 8S

eo S

Ok

3 ^

•8g
.§8

s
c
es

9

5

OD

• 6

0
o

9

s • ^

^•s

a

0

o ^8

S
o

<3

o
o

S -C «
"5 So

n o »

0

a
&
a

0

1

0
b

5

o

s

ec

S 8 S S ;3 8 S

o

o

So ►- «0 O 00

© 1— I — lO t—

00 O O CO CO C4 to

CO r-?

0

a .

IS.

0 o
et e«

« ^
<5 o ©

5 o ^
g tS C^

0 S «>

>» «i 3 o

£ M ^ £

O . . .

0

I »

j8 es

ee Ik

n ^

- S

fc< o

es —

OD S

^ • «8

S^ s .^

S S 2

S S «

►5 O C5

00

i 8

es

SB
O

H
OD

o

n

i

CO

H

H
O

H

CO
M
00
GO

<

CO

8

fX « 09 O
Ok O r4 O

n ao •-•

4 5

•2 a

1

a

s = —

es o 5

o a S h

0 0. « O

J- o

CD O ^

CQ - - -

•2 £•
s -^

8

ooooc««c«r?

el rH rl rH

5
1

h s

o

^

^ S

t 0

o o

^H

^ 0

o o

S £

c •

H -

1 -

CO 9

bo ?

O es », w o

•5 ^ •; » c

2

S

0 o

0 K

be k.

? 2

— o
•C xi

^ a> 0
00 - -

M 9

•C '^ H

■ r C
Oh H OQ

1876.] American Congregational Union. 479

AMERICAN CONGREGATIONAL UNION.

Business Meeting.

The Twenty-third Annual Business Meeting of the American
Congregational Union was held at the Rooms of the Society in the
Bible House, New York City, on Thursday, May 13, 1876, at half-
past three o'clock, p. m. William Henry Smith, Esq., of New
York, was chosen Chairman. Prayer was offered by Rev. William
B. Brown, of Newark, N. J.

The Annual Report of the Board of Trustees was presented by
Rev. Ray Palmer, d. d., one of the Corresponding Secretaries.
The Treasurer read a summary of his Annual Report for the year
ending May i, 1876. On motion, it was

Votedy That the Annual Report of the Board of Trustees, and
also that of the Treasurer, be accepted and published, under the
direction of the Board of Trustees.

The following officers of the American Congregational Union
were elected for the ensuing year : —

OFFICERS FOR 1876-77.

President,
ALFRED S. BARNES, Esq., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Vice-Presidents,

Rev. Wm. Ives Budington, d. d., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Rev. Henry M. Storrs, d. d., New York.

Hon. Bradford R. Wood, Albany, N. Y.

Rev. O. E. Daggett, d. d., New London, Conn.

Hon. Lafayette S. Foster, Norwich, Conn.

Rev. Edwards A. Park, d. d., Andover, Mass.

Rev. Mark Hopkins, d. d., Williamstown, Mass.

Rev. Isaac P. Langworthy, Boston, Mass.

Rev. J. M. Manning, d. d., Boston, Mass.

Hon. Emory Washburn, ll. d., Cambridge, Mass.

Rev. John O. Fiske, d. d., Bath, Me.

Rev. Cyrus W. Wallace, d. d., Manchester, N. H,

Rev. H. D. KrrcHEL, d. d., Wcybridge, Vt.

Rev. C. L. GooDELL, d. d., St Louis, Mo.

Hon. Amos C. Barstow, Providence, R. L

Rev. J. M. Sturtevant, d. d., Jacksonville, 111.

S. B. Gookins, Esq., Chicago, 111.

Rev. Julius A. Reed, Columbus, Neb.

48o

1
American Congregational Union.

[July.

Rev. George F. Magoun, ix d., Griimell, Iowa.
Rev. Truman M. Post, ix ix, St Louis, Mo.
Rev. Andrew L. Stone, d. ix, San Francisco, CaL
Rev. Samuel Wolcott, d. d., Cleveland, Ohia
Rev. George L. Walker, d. a, Brattleboro*, Vt.
Rev. Samuel Harris, ix d.. New Haven, Conn.
Dea. James Smith, Philadelphia, Pa.
Hon. Marshall Jewell, Hartford, Conn.
A. S. Hatch, Esq., New York.

Trustees.

Rev. William Ives Budington, ix d.

Rev. David B. Coe, d. d.

Rev. Alexander H. Clapp, d. d.

Rev. Charles P. Bush, d. d.

Alfred S. Barnes, Esq.

James W. Elwell.

Samuel Holmes.

James H. Stores, Esq.

Wm. Henry Smith.

Rev. Henry M. Scudder, ix ix

Rev. C. H. Everest.

The meeting then adjourned.

Rev. William M. Taylor, ix d.
Rev. S. B. Halliday.
Rev. George M. Boynton.
Rev. Wm. Hayes Ward, a d.
S. Nelson Davis.
David M. Stone.*
Leonard Hazeltine.
Rev. William B. Brown.
Rev. Rowland B. Howard.
Thomas W. Whtttemork.
N. A. Boynton.

K. A. CALKINS,
Recording Secretary,

Following the adjournment of the Society, a meeting of the Board

of Trustees was called, and organized by the election of the

following officers : —

Chairman,

WM. HENRY SMITH.

Corresponding Secretaries,

Rev. ray PALMER, a d., 69 Bible House, New York.

Rev. CHRISTOPHER GUSHING, d. d., 20 Cong. House, Boston.

TVeasurer and Recording Secretary
Prof. N. A. CALKINS, 69 Bible House, New York.

Counsellor,
JAMES H. STORRS, Esq.

Finance Committee,

WM. HENRY SMITH.
JAMES W. ELWELL,
ALFRED S. BARNES.

• Immediately after the election, David M. Stone, Eiq., tendered his resignation to the Society.

1876.] American Congregational Union. 481

ANNUAL STATEMENT OF THE TRUSTEES.

The work of the Congregational Union has been successfully
prosecuted through another year. In no previous year of its history,
probably, have financial embarrassments borne so heavily on the
churches. It is therefore with special thankfulness tl^at the Board
of Trustees are able to report that the churches usually working
through the Union have given abundant proofs of their undimin-
ished confidence in it and of their interest in its various operations.

We have fully explained in our statements of former years the
general objects of the Union. We need not refei; to them particu-
larly the present year any further than to say that the Union con-
tinues still to fulfil many inportant functions connected with the
progress of the great Congregational fellowship, — functions which
if perhaps hardly recognized, because unostentatiously and quietly
performed, are yet of real value to the churches. We refer those
who would refresh their memories in respect to the details as to
those general objects to the manuals of preceding years.

AID IN CHURCH-BUILDING.

At the beginning of the present year, that is, at the time of our
annual meeting in May, 1875, there were on the files of the Union
about fifty applications for aid from churches which had commenced
to build, and grants had been pledged to these to the amount of
more than $12,000 beyond the sum in the treasury. This large
number of applications on our hands resulted from two causes.
First, from the fact that at no time, except immediately after the
Council of 1865 and the special efforts to raise funds that followed
it, had the amount contributed for church-building been large enough
to meet the actual needs of the newly organized churches attempt-
ing to build, so that we had been obliged either to decline altogether
important applications, or to assimie the risk to some limited extent
of pledging ourselves beyond the means actually in hand, with the
understanding that each church would wait its turn. The second
reason for the large number of cases on hand is found in the fact that
because of the financial distress of the country, aggravated in many
cases by local evils, churches whose grants were voted two or three
years since had not been able to go on \ and by the extension of
their time, in compliance with their urgent requests, they had been
brought forward and continued on the list. With so great a burden

482 American Congregational Union. [July,

already on us, we deemed it prudent some months since to request
the superintendents of the American Home Missionary Society to
withhold their endorsement for the time from further applications,
except in really extraordinary cases. This has enabled us to reduce
materially the amount of our pledges. Of course it has, to some
extent, checked the progress of church-building, — perhaps a less evil
in the present circumstances of the country than it would otherwise
have been, yet a thing by no means to be desired. So many of
these churches, to which grants have been voted, have completed
their houses and drawn on the treasurer at the same time during the
last winter and the spring that the pressure on the treasury has at
times been very great, and several of the churches have been obliged
to receive payments in part on their drafts as funds were received by
the treasurer.

But notwithstanding the peculiar difficulties of thq year it has been
a period in the review of which there is no little cause for gratitude.
Grants have been paid in whole or in part to forty-five churches.
The amount of these grants is $39,196.69. We stand pledged at
present to thirty-four churches to the amount of $13,100, and have still
on hand a dozen or more cases on which it has not yet been deemed
prudent to take action On the whole, considering the straitness of
the times, financially, quite as much has been accomplished as the
most sanguine dared to hope at the beginning.

CONTRIBUTING CHURCHES.

It has been the constant effort of the Board and of the executive
officers from year to year to enlist the sympathies and co-operation
of the pastors and churches in its work to as great an extent as pos-
sible. If this object could be so far accomplished that the great
body of the Congregational churches would each year spontaneously
send to the treasury their contributions, an amount would easily be
raised sufficient to enable the Union to meet the necessities of its
work, and the annoyance of incessant special appeals by individual
churches might be terminated. We are glad to be able to report a
gratifying advance in this particular. For the last five or six years
there has been an annual increase in the number of churches sending
their contributions to the treasury of the Union. In 1872, for
instance, the number of churches contributing was five hundred and
fifty-five, and the number of contributions from individuals in addi-
tion was eighty-one. In 1875 the number of churches had risen to
more than seven hundred, — individuals one hundred and twelve.

1876.] American Congregational Union. 483

The present year over seven hundred churches have sent their con-
tributions,— individuals as many as one hundred and seventy-five.
No better proof than this is needed of the growing conviction in the
minds of those who act intelligently and from steady principle that
the work of establishing houses of worship is essential to the Chris-
tianization of our country. It is true that owing to the greatly
diminished ability of most churches during these trying years the
total amount contributed yearly has not increased in proportion to
the number of contributions. The average amounts forwarded from
the several churches have been necessarily less than when the coun-
try seemed flooded with prosperity. But it is a great matter that the
increased number of churches contributing has been sufficient to
make up for the diminution in the amounts from the churches indi-
vidually, so that the aggregate of the annual receipts into the
treasury has not materially varied. It may reasonably be antici-
pated that as better days shall come, the liberality of the enlarged
number of churches will supply a greatly enlarged total amount of
funds with each closing year.

CARE OF CHURCH PROPERTY.

As every grant made to a church and all special contributions
through the Union are secured from loss by a lien on the property
it has come to pass that a large amount of church property is
brought under the general oversight of the Society. Any one of
these churches may violate its contract with the Union by changing
its denominational relations, or by ceasing to maintain public wor-
ship, or by neglecting to keep its house of worship insured, or by
failing to take an annual collection for our treasury. They bind
themselves to these things when they take the money. To see that
they faithfully fulfil their engagements is a great and difficult and
ever-increasing work, to which constant attention must be given. It
constitutes a necessary part of the labor of the executive officers
from year to year. The last year six churches have been given up,
and have refunded the grants of the Union to the amount of
$1,832.70. But for a constant attention to the condition and prog-
ress of the churches over the whole field there would be a constant
liability to loss. While the percentage of churches aided which have
failed to make good their position has been very small, all things
considered, the losses, had there been no means of recovering the
sums granted, would have amounted to between thirty and forty
thousand dollars. By means of our lien and proper attention to

484 American Congregational Union. [J^lyi

the caseS; the amounts given to these churches have been saved and
re-appropriated for the benefit of others. Having no agents on the
field we are obliged in this matter often to ask the aid of neighbor-
ing pastors, and we constantly receive valuable assistance from the
superintendents of the American Home Missionary Society, to whom
we and the friends of the cause are greatly indebted. It has usually
happened, too, that when legal services have been required some
Christian lawyer has been prompt to render them gratuitously as a
labor of love to the Master, so that very little expense has generally
attended the reclaiming of funds from disbanding churches.

THE LOAN FUND.

The establishment of this fund has been announced in the manuals
of former years, and the design and conditions of it stated. It has
increased a little, and has already vindicated the wisdom of the
decision to which it owed its origin. It has enabled the Board to
meet the necessities of one important church the last year which
could not have been aided in any other way. Would that some gen-
erous donor would add to it by hundreds, or by thousands, so as to
increase its efficiency! Such funds will be assigned to it by the
Board as it may be found practicable to set apart for this purpose.
Could it be raised to the sum of forty or fifty thousand dollars it
would add vastly to the power of the Union to prosecute successfully
the church-building work. Who will bear a part in endowing it to
that amount ?

A MANIFEST WRONG.

The evils growing out of private applications have been explained
in former years. The very object of having an organization for the
aid of churches in building is to prevent such applications, and to
give all needy churches an equal chance to obtain a fair share of what
the liberal churches are willing to contribute for this purpose. The
rule of the Union is, as has been stated often, that any church mak-
ing appeal to the churches on its own account — except to immediatdy
neighboring churches and privately to personal friends — debars itself
from any aid from the treasury of the Union. In some cases the two
exceptions specified have been construed in a manner never intended \
and one after another has gone abroad in a kind of semi-private way
and has gathered considerable sums. It has been stated, on what
appeared to be good authority, that in some cases of this sort the
expenses of collection have amounted to forty, fifty, and even sixty
per cent of the sums collected. Here and there an instance has

1876.] American Congregational Union. 485

come to our knowledge of even more unfavorable results. Are pas-
tors and churches willing to countenance this method of raising
funds ? The Board has been obliged the last year to make a firm
stand and enforce their rule by cancelling a grant that had been
voted, and they are constrained to say explicitly that they shall feel
bound to do it in future. If any pastor considers the matter he
will see that if he gives the annual collection of his congregation for
church-building to a church that has received aid from the Union^ he
does by just so much take from the Union its means of paying to thai
church what it has promised; or withholds the funds from other needy
churches, which are waiting for aid and cannot get it, to give to one
that has already secured its share out of the common treasury. In-
stead of giving five hundred each to two churches and securing the
building of both, a thousand dollars are given to one, and the other is
left to go entirely destitute. No one with the facts of the case before
him can fail to see that this is wrong.

In some States, from which frequent applications come to the
Union, a very large number of the churches give nothing, or very
little, to its treasury ; but after their new churches have obtained
from it promises of grants they in many instances give their coUec-
tions to supplement these grants. But who is to help us pay these
grants? It is only necessary to have this matter fully understood,
we are sure, in order to make it clearly seen that this mode of work-
ing is evil and only evil, and that continually. It is due to all the
churches requiring aid that they shall be treated with impartial jus-
tice. It is due to the Union that the States that draw freely on its
funds should send steadily to it their annual contributions. When
they have in good faith done this, then they will do no wrong by any
special additional gifts they may choose to make in particular cases.
We trust the general associations will rightly counsel the churches
on this point

pastors' libraries.

In response to appeals for books from individual pastors, some of
which appeals have been published by the officers of the Union,
generous individuals have, during the last year, in two or three
cases, obtained the names and addresses and have forwarded par-
cels of more or less value. Beyond these contributions, of which
we know not the exact amount, the Board have not had the means
of aiding pastors' libraries by any extended grants. The need
among ministers on the frontier of books of reference, especially of
such as supply the necessary apparatus for Bible study, is very great

SICOND SXRIBS. — VOL. VUL Na > 32

488 American Congregational Uniom. [July,

States. A large number of their churches contribute through tbe
Union for church-building, and their contributions, even the small-
est, are thankfully received. But may it not be hoped that the con-
viction will become yet deeper that this work, of which from eipe-
rience they so well understand the value, is their own ; that they are
not to look to the East alone, but are themselves to feel the care of
it, and to help the Union to the utmost of their power?

THE FUTURE OF OUR COUNTRY,

Every year adds new significance and interest to the inquiry,
What has the future in store for us as a great people made up of
elements so heterogeneous and of social and moral forces so con-
flicting? To thoughtful persons this question acquires new urgenqr
in view of the many forms of corruption in public and private life
which of late have been so surprisingly uncovered, and seem at first
view to indicate a premature national degeneracy and a not distant
decay. It is not strange that there are some, perhaps many, who
look with despondency on what is taking place and fear the worst
If Christianity, with a firee Bible, a free press, an educated ministiy,
and a fair field every way on which to deploy its forces, is unable to
stem the tide of adverse influences and purify and save the nation,
what, they are ready to ask, can furnish any ground of hope ?

It certainly cannot be denied that there are great difficulties in
the way of building up in this free land a pure and permanent civ-
ilization. Many perils are inevitably connected with freedom and
great material prosperity. Still, knowing as we- do the transfonmng
power of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Christian people of our
country may well be confident that it can be made to reach and ele-
vate the great masses of the population. It has been because oar
Congregational churches have believed this that they have unde^
taken the work of establishing Evangelical churches and a faithful
ministry in all parts of the country as fast as new settlements are
organized. In the work of church-building, of giving S3rstematic
aid to the new and weak churches, Congregationalists were among
the first to take action. The Presbyterian, Episcopal, Baptist, and
Methodist churches have all, however, entered on it, and some of
them are pursuing it with more energy than ourselves. The result
is that a noble work has been accomplished. By the common efforts
of all, several thousand church edifices, in which Evangelical Christi-
anity is preached, have been reared as so many centres of light and
of Christian influence, A country filled with Christian sanctuaries

1876.] American Congregational Union. 489

in which that gospel which is the power of God unto salvation to
every one that believeth is steadily preached cannot be given over to
moral darkness and debasement The contest in such a country
between good and evil, truth and error, may be sharp and long;
but the end is sure to be that society will be elevated and purified,
will be made virtuous, intelligent, and happy. It would ill become
us as Congregationalists to anticipate anything else but the ele-
vation and improvement of society as the result of permanent
Christian institutions. We well know what these have done for
New England in the last two hundred and fifty years. We have
seen there how popular education, not only in the common
school, but also in the academy, the college, and the univer-
sity, has bean naturally evolved from the house of God and
its ordinances ; we have seen there, as the legitimate fruit of
the Congregational polity in its connection with the evangelical
faith of our fathers, a better condition of society and a more
elevated social and moral life among the people as a whole than
can be found on so large a scale anywhere else on the face of
the earth. We ought not to doubt that the same influences and
agencies will produce elsewhere the same results. When we look
at the rapid development of Congregationalism within the last
twenty years we cannot help believing that it was never more vital
and energetic than to-day ; never more certainly advancing in the
work of realizing the thoughts and wishes of our godly ancestors ;
never bestowing greater benefits on the country and the world.
While with the closing of a century of our national existence we see
but too many causes of humiliation, we see, at the same time, in the
great increase of the number of Congregational and other Christian
churches, in the remarkable development of working power among
their members and of the sense of personal responsibility for the
progress of Christ's cause, in the vastly enlarged spirit of Christian
liberality, in the frequent and powerful revivals of religion that have
been witnessed, and in the grand results of missionary effort at
home and abroad, enough to fill all Christian hearts with thankfiil-
ness and joy, and to inspire new hope and courage in relation to the
fiiture. That God in His providence has been searching out the hid-
den things of darkness in our civil life and awakening in the think-
ing people of our country a deeper sense of the need of probity, of
unsullied moral purity, in our public men, and of honesty and truth
in all relations, is itself a hopefiil omen. That the public sentiment
of the great majority of the people heartily approves of the search-
ing process and of the exposure and punishment of the guilty is

486 American Congregational Union. [J^y»

It would be a most useful part of the work of the Union to assist in
furnishing these could the necessary funds be found. As the only
thing within their power at present the Board have, as in previous
years, sent to pastors unable to procure it for themselves two hun-
dred and fifty copies of the Congregational Quarterly^ furnished by
the liberality of the publisher at the little more than nominal price
of one dollar per copy, barely enough to pay for the cost of paper
and printing. Although the Union retains its right to publish its
documents in the Quarterly, it has no financial interest in it what-
ever, nor any responsibility for its management. The copies so
granted are simply gifts of charity in aid of pastors' libraries specifi-
cally authorized by the constitution of the Union. A few copies of
the Bibliotkeca Sacra and of the New-Englander have also been sent
to pastors who have forwarded collections of upwards of twenty dol-
lars from their churches, and have asked for them on that ground
under the offer of the Board. It would be a most useful charity if
some benevolent person who has the means would give us a few
hundred, or better, a few thousand dollars as a small fund, the inter-
est of which might be annually applied for the supply of dictionaries
and other books of reference and of standard theological works to
pastors nearly or quite destitute of libraries. It would seem to any
man of common-sense to be very bad economy to set a carpenter to
build a house with less than half the necessary tools. It is equally
bad economy to send men into the new communities, where all forms
of error are to be encountered, a right public sentiment and a
healthful moral atmosphere created, and Christian institutions estab-
lished on permanent foundations, with only half, or far less than
half even, of the indispensable implements with which to perform
their work.

LEGACIES TO THE UNION.

A man who is thoughtfully considering how to dispose of the
property which God has intrusted to him, after providing for those
who are dependent on him, will naturally wish to place it where it
may most certainly benefit mankind and perpetuate his own influ-
ence for good. In what better way can this be done than by placing
at the disposal of the Union an amount sufficient to secure the
building of one or two or several houses of worship ? Some legacies
have been received and appropriated by the Union which have
secured the building of at least twenty churches. In those churches
the givers of the legacies will be virtually preaching the gospel and
diffusing Christian truth and influence a century hence, and so on-

1876.] American Congregational Union. 487

ward. A legacy of five or of ten thousand dollars will ensure the
building of more than twice five or of twice ten church edifices, each
of which shall perpetually send forth the living waters of salvation.
The man or the woman who has done this to the honor of Christ
and the blessing of the world may well be accounted happy. We
commend this matter to the serious consideration of those who, con-
scious that they are but the stewards of God, are inquiring in what
way they can best use their property for Him.

THB BAST AND THE WEST.

The relations of what used to be called the East to what used to
be called the West have been rapidly changing with the progress of
the country. But a few years ago New England and eastern New
York were regarded as constituting the former, — the source from
which money for religious charities was chiefly to be looked for ; the
latter, including all beyond, as the great home missionary region
on which these charities were to be principally expended. The case
is widely different now. The States of Ohio, Michigan, Illinois,
Iowa, and Wisconsin have come to count their Congregational
churches by the hundred, have well-ordered ecclesiastical bodies and
efficient social and educational institutions, and numerous and flour-
ishing towns and cities, with largely developed resources and rapidly
increasing wealth. In respect to their real ability to contribute to
the support of benevolent Christian work they are far ahead of three
or four of the six New England States. It is plainly time, therefore,
that these States should regard themselves and come to be generally
regarded as included in that East which is to be responsible for the
support of the diflerent branches of the work of evangelizing the new-
est States. They stand to Indiana, to Minnesota, Missouri, Kansas,
Nebraska, Colorado, and Dacotah in very much the same relation
that New England formerly stood to them. Should they not now
reasonably be expected to be looking, not eastward, as of old, for
help, but rather westward, to see how they can most eflectually do
for those just rising States what New England has done for them ?
Should they not feel that it has become their duty to hold them-
selves responsible for the building of churches, the endowing and
manning of colleges and theological seminaries, and the supplying
of pastors for the missionary fields beyond them, as New England
forty years ago felt the same responsibility in relation to themselves?
The fact is gladly recognized that this view of the matter has begun to
be seriously taken by the more thoughtful Christians in these stronger

492

AmmcoH Congregational Union. (July, ';d

JLWMMi hflMffki JbfWtKT^ • • •

AlpliM and Walker, Isl Cong. COi., lOeliigaa,
Oaaooiuibarfrt l^t u -

Onekama, Oar. **

Potterdlla, •«

Bbelbj,

««

(f

M
«C
f«

(Special. $20) $5» 00

(Speeial, $4fi0) In pari 6S0 00

lasoo

SOO 00
(Bpedal, $1S1) 681 00

Oong. Oh^

M
M
f<
«<
(I

Albert Lea,

Alezandrfa, lal

Granite Falls,

Ltttie Fklle,

Phetek Station, BetlMl

Sleepy Bre,

Walnot Station, Union

Pleroe City, Oong. Oh.,

Norfolk, lat Gong. Oh.,
Sutton, ••

Knfleld, Ctong. Ch.,

Booth Beabrooka •«

SeneeaFalla, **

BobertarlUe, Sran. Oong. Oh.,

Minneaota, (Bpedal, $100)

C(
M
<«
U
4*

MlMonri,
Kebraaka,

c«

(Speeial. $448)
(Special, $438)
(BpecUl, $&58)
(Special, $26)
(Special, $201)

(Speeial, $083.70)

(Speeial, $290)

$1,100 00
OOuOO
048 00
833 00

658 00

25 00

791 00

lOO 00
fiOO 00

New Hampebire,

New York,
Ohio,

(8peelel,$l,e40.58) $2,149 53
(Special) 1,871 00

(Speeial)

(Special)

AUegfaeny City, Flymonth Oong. Ch., Pennaylvania,

Knozvllle, •* '•

Philadelphia, Central «* *«

" Flymontb •« ••

*« Frankford nree ** •*

Pula, lat Oong. Oh.,

Frlendahlp, lat Cong. Ch.,
Maiuton, «• **

Wiaconain,

(Special)
(Special)
Ppeclitl)
{Special)
(Speeial)

(Special, $250)

(Bpedal, 100)

$150 00
2.204 88
8.000 00
2,040 00
500 00

$600 00
200 00

«

« fo

«

«

•1

<•

M

14

M

41

«•

44

(«

»4

«4

«

«<

«4

4<

4<

44

<4

M

44

$8,131 00
070 34

01 05
300 30
114 33

38 75

670 40

Total amount paid to fbrtj^flre chnrdwa,

Amoont pdd on account of Paatort* librariea,
'for Salaries, Officers and Clorks,

Rent and heating offices. New York and Boston,

Bandnr Office Expenses,

Travelling Kzpenses of Secretariea,

Bpedal Agencv,

Anniversary Bxpenses,

Annual Reports, plans for churches, )

Circulars and Advertising, {

Postsge, Stationery, and Telegrams, 178 55

Lecal Fees, 40 00

Llfb Members' Oertifleates, 3 00

One page in Home Missionary, one year, 200 00

Total IMsbursements for the year,
Balanoe in Treasury May 1, 1876,

Examined and found the above accounts oorreot according to the vouchers.

$S,8lll«

$4,S»«

$Md:i

$1,331 «

$4»(»a

$MII
$S7II

$10,984 »
$TMOI

$700 81

$38,198 «•

$888 90

$10,754 W

$50,32109
75 81

$50,308 94

MAT U,1876.

Jambs W. Elwell, ( ^^^m*^^
D WIGHT JoBifsoif, ( -AiKiwara.

^S'S.

'y^/^

Congregational (Quarterly.

".ViioE- No. LXXlf. OCIOtJER, jSj6. Vol XVUI, N... ,.

PINDAR FIKU'.
l'ivr\R F^ia.n, •.oi >nd son .iit' fili'! 'ii.'-l nl' t:i
. l Tv.i.iK-na (Ccuh-y) Field, was ■■■• --r^-^r.-h -U
?>1 ly j, i;u_i. Tho iiL-xt year tfii: :■ '■ r^i -.i' '■

r-in;;ref,'atioi]al mmiilcrs i.i
tjwn of Ilawley diiHng liie fr

I Te entered Wiliijins Coll.: i..
'v:^^ anioji;^ the fiitctn wlio : ■
! '.Tsl, where he w;>.* nnc nf ■.i.

.,r',.'uai:i!.' class in 1822. the 'iJaex li-uiy 1': 1 ; Mu:
li] h.- t:ir..ircti tb« ThwloBU:aI'Scmin:itj- at Awdo-

r^-TiKtidtd till the spring iJ l82^, wiieit li.; »i
\i.all.in '.■! l.ibor jnioii.:.; thv.- ' ■_■■ -I'scot li '
I.--ind. Mc. r„uer he »v. .... ■.■nc^; :
. ::.; Missi.m.uy Socit'y " !•! ■. ■ ■ -.■■'■.

i' '.■■>sv;ot kivor abc'-'c lUnfjor." I.
;,!. Rh in liangor, Nuv, 8. i?24.

.. 1SJ5 he \i-s;ted his ■^wut in S.:

■k. ii-'n.. ii iv.is th'- inc:i-... ;'f nilr

■ .:■■ ..lifcs wo,k V I- l:ne. ]V-

■Xiv .uccc,=;3f 1, .-■, l;i M .' -

THE

Congregational Q^uarterly.

Whole No. LXXII. OCTOBER, 1876. Vol. XVIII, No. 4.

PINDAR FIELD.

Pindar Field, second son and fifth child of Capt. Elijah
and Tryphena (Cooley) Field, was born in Sunderland, Mass.,
May I, 1794. The next year the family removed to Hawley,
where he grew to manhood. " He was one of the seventeen
Congregational ministers raised in the small, mountainous
town of Hawley during the present century."

He entered Williams College in 18 18. Three years later he
was among the fifteen who accompanied Dr. Moore to Am-
herst, where he was one of the two who composed the first
graduating class in 1822, the other being Prof. Snell. In the
fall he entered the Theological Seminary at Andover, where
he remained till the spring of 1824, when he accepted an in-
vitation to labor among the Penobscot Indians on Oldtown
Island, Me. Later he was commissioned by the Massachu-
setts Missionary Society " to visit the settlements on the
Penobscot River above Bangor." He received approbation to
preach in Bangor, Nov. 8, 1824.

In 1825 he visited his sister in Sangerfield, Central New
York, which was the means of introducing him to the region
where his life's work was done. His first regular labor, which
was largely successful, was in Madison, where he was ordained
July 12, 1826. His next labor was at Hamilton, where a yet
greater blessing followed, and a church was organized Feb. 4,
1828. For this church he ever had a peculiar affection. Sub-

£Dtered according to Act of Congress, in the jrear 1876, by Chkistophbk Gushing, in the

Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.

SECOND SERIES. — vol. VIIL NO. 4. 33

494 Pindar Field. [Oct

sequently he labored in Apulia, Oriskany Falls, North Ktchcr,
Munnsville, and Peterboro', the term of his ministry at each
place varying from two to thirteen years.

April 27, 1 83 1, he married Chiffoenette LaGrasse Wdton,
of Eaton, who died in Munnsville, Nov. 23, 1858. Nov. 28,
1859, he married Mrs. Mary Margaret (Sewall) Cony, of Old-
town, Me., who survives him.

Late in life he purchased a small place in Hamilton, to
which he retired, supplying vacant pulpits as he had opportu-
nity. Here he died Nov. 24, 1873, in his eightieth year.

This is the statistical outline of a busy and useful life, im-
portant not only to the circle of churches to which he gave
his ministerial energies, but also to Congregationalism in the
State at large. It is this last fact that has suggested the
thought of filling up this outline in the present article.

Concerning Pindar's boyhood we have but meagre informa-
tion. There is no reason to think he developed any unusual
brilliancy or promise. He was brought up on a farm, accus-
tomed to hard work, frugal fare, and simple ways. He never
forgot this training.

In respect of his religious experience, he appears to have
early had a relish for the strong meat of sound doctrine and to
have been abundantly fed. At his conversion he was pre-
pared at once to be an intelligent Christian worker. Let him
tell his own story in parts of an address at Amherst, entitled
" Historical View of My Feelings on the Subject of Missions."

'* It has been my happy lot to enjoy the blessing of pious parents. I
was early taught the necessity of a change of heart. Even when very
young, my religious impressions were frequent and solemn. They were
chiefly, however, those of fear. . , . When about twenty, I was laid
on a sick-bed, and brought to the brink of the grave, by typhus fever.
When my reason returned I looked at my situation — on the borders of the
grave, without any hope of life beyond — with alarm and horror. The next
two years bore witness to the distress and agony of my heart Weari-
some days and sleepless nights were appointed unto me. My distress was
known only to myself. ... If ever divine light was let into my soul,
it was in a very small degree, and so completely different from what I
expected that I have often doubted the reality of a gospel change being
wrought in my heart.

" But whatever my real state was, I felt an indescribable anxiety for the
conversion of those about me. . . . One day I happened to take up the

1876.] Pindar Field. 495

Panoplitt, and read a detailed account of the people in India, in respect of
religious knowledge and worship. It affected roe deeply. I at once put
the question, ' Is there nothing I can do for these poor heathen ? ' From
that tiroe I began to think seriously and prayerfully of obtaining an edu-
cation, in order to be able to do something for their relief. It was no
small matter to find out the path of duty. My circumstances were
peculiar. My parents were becoming old, and had committed the whole
management of the farm to my hands, and fixed upon me to live with
them. . . . They were entirely unable to defray the expense of my
education. In this suspense I pondered and prayed. After a long time,
I ventured to disclose my feelings to my father. His reply was, ' God has
done a great deal for me and my femily, and I ought to be ready to make
any sacrifice for the promotion of His cause.* . . .

" When I entered into covenant with God's people, I made not the least
reserve. I surrendered myself wholly to God, that I might know His will
and cheerfully do it . , . If there is any subject that interests my
feelings, it is the cause of missions. If I ever rejoice, it is in the pros-
perity of Zion, — the conquests of Christ over sin in the conversion oi
sinners. If I ever weep, it is over the desolations of Zion, —when the
wicked blaspheme the name of Jesus, and when I hear of the ignorant
superstition, and wretched state of the heathen, without gospel light"

This love for the foreign missionary work he never lost. He
was earnest and persistent in advocating its claims on the home
churches. Wherever he labored he maintained or instituted
the monthly concert. He urged others to give, and himself
gave liberally, to this cause. He prayed much for its success.
Work in the Society of Inquiry was his delight, in college and
seminary.

Two reasons seem to have operated to change his purjyose
of going as a foreign missionary, — his slowness in acquiring
language, and the pressing need of missionary work at home.

In obtaining an education, he had the oft-repeated struggle
with poverty, helping himself by teaching and farm-work. In
preparing for college, he studied for a year in the academy a
Ashfield. and a year with "Father" Hallock, in Plainfield.

Of his life and work in Williams College, there is very liH
record outside of his journal, and this is almost exclustflP
occupied with his internal experiences. His character, 1
ever, warrants the opinion that he was a conscientious t
painstaking student

Of his activities at Amherst there is more definite record. ]
In his journal are the following entries : —

496 Pindar Field. [Oct.

''Sept 23, 1 82 1. — This day begins the course of study in this instita-
tion. I find much lies on me at present, being in the Senior class, with
only one classmate. Many societies must be formed, and we must be at
the head of all of them. Surely I need divine wisdom and direction, and
an enlargement of my powers of mind.

" April 26, 1822. — Underwent with one classmate the first public exam-
ination ever held in Amherst College."

From the History of Amherst College we take the follow-
ing:—

•* The two literary societies, the Alexandrian and the Athenian, were
organized soon after the opening of the institution. The members of the
college were all allotted to the two societies in alphabetical order, the two
Seniors, Pindar Field and Ebenezer S. Snell, placing themselves or beiog
placed at the head. . . . Mr. Field was chosen first president of the
Athenian Society. ... In April, 1822, the students, in their poverty,
raised a small contribution and sent Mr. Field to Hartford to purchase a
few books, which were the beginning of a library for the two societies.
... * We felt proud of our library,* writes Mr. Field, * when its books
were duly arranged for the first time on the new shelves.'

'* < As my only classmate at this time was not a professor of religion,' says
Mr. Field, ' the responsibility of forming a theological Society was thrown
upon me. In all our infant measures we mainly followed the example we
had in Williams College.' "

Concerning the first anniversary : —

" A salutatory in Latin was pronounced by E. S. Snell. His classmate,
Pindar Field, delivered the concluding oration in English. The members
of the Junior class helped them to fill up the programme with a colloquy,
two dialogues, and several orations. . . . The subjects of the two dia-
logues were Turkish Oppression and The Gospel Carried into India. The
last, which was written by Pindar Field, was an intentional argument and
appeal in favor of foreign and domestic missions."

Returning to his journal : —

"Sept. 29, 182 1. — This evening I have been refreshed by being in a
little praying circle, and conversing on the necessity of having a revival in
college.

" Oct. 30. — This evening has been one of peculiar interest and solem-
nity. Almost every professor of religion met to renew his covenant obli-
gations. All seemed to feel that something must be done to promote
piety in our own hearts and a revival in college."

His interest in the prosperity and religious influence of his
Alma Mater never ceased. Not till the day of final revelations
shall we know how much his prayers had to do with her power
for good.

1876.] Pindar Field. 497

For information concerning his life in Andover we are
almost wholly dependent on his journal, and this, as usual,
is well-nigh silent respecting his external activities. We are
sure, however, that his was no idle or hermit life. He was
deeply interested in the progress of Christ's kingdom at home
and abroad..

He makes a joyful record of the receipt of any revival news.
Jan. 3, 1823, occurs this entry : —

" Have just spent a most interesting hour in prayer for the city of Bos-
ton. Park Street Church and the Old South have set apart this as a day
of fasting, humiliation, and prayer."

In April he was in the city, much interested in the revival,
and helping as he had opportunity.

He spent the summer vacation in special work in Truro,
Mass. This was no holiday pastime. Not only did he preach
on the Sabbath, but the week-days were filled up with faithful
conversation with individuals. The spirit in which he went
forth is shown in this record : —

"Boston Harbor, Aug. 16, 1823. — Am now setting out for Truro.
Through divine assistance may I be instrumental of some good to all that
are in the ship ! It seems important that every day and hour should be
filled up with usefiilness. . . . O God, prepare me for usefulness to my
d3nng fellow-men ! Grant me an understanding in the Holy Scriptures,
that I may so exhibit the truth to dying men that they may be renewed by
the Holy Spirit I "

Back at Andover, Sept 12, he writes : —

" Returned last evening after an absence of four weeks. Hope some-
thing has been done that will result in the salvation of immortal souls.
Now let me engage again with profit in my studies."

The larger part of his journal here is taken up with prayers,
the practice of writing which he adopted in Amherst. The
prayers all breathe an intense desire for personal consecration
to God's service and for the salvation of souls.

This spirit actuated him through all his life, and was never
stronger than in the last years of his ministry. And though
he was successful in leading men to Christ far beyond the
average of his fellow-laborers, his desires so far outstripped his
success that he felt himself to be accomplishing very little.

498 Pindar Fidd. [Oct

Almost painful, sometimes, are the expressions of his unfitness,
unfaithfulness, and uselessness.

Here is the key of his character and work: A deep and
ever-present sense of his own sinfulness led him to magnify
God's grace to himself, and to ask constantly how he could
do something to honor his Maker. Souls were indescribably
precious to him, because God would be glorified in their sal-
vation. He was ready for any labor and any sacrifice that
would promote Christ's kingdom. Personal gratification, other
than the delight he felt in seeing the progress of Christianity,
seemed scarcely to influence him.

While in Williams College he writes : —

^ When I consider how many trials await the missionary, — tiiat depriva-
tion of friends, persecution, and other temporal evils are his portion, — it
incites more ardent desires to be one of their number. . . . The thought
of parting with tender and affectionate friends is peculiarly trying; but the
hope of becoming useful to my fellow-men outweighs every other consid-
eration. . . . O Lord, let me not be a useless being in the world, nor a
slothful servant in Thy vinejrard ! "

While lying on his death-bed, some conversation led to the
question, " Don't you wish you had received a larger salary,
that you might have had a better provision for old age and sick-
ness ? " — " God gave me souls for my hirel^ was his quick reply.

He entered with enthusiasm upon his work of teaching the
Penobscot Indians. This continued through the summer of
1824. Funds seem to have been lacking to continue the school,
but he had been introduced to a field which he at once began
to cultivate. He had labored on the Sabbath among the whites
at Oldtown and vicinity. During the winter and spring he gave
himself wholly to this service. This was truly pioneer work,
for which he was long held in grateful remembrance by many.
The settlements he visited were scattered and thinly peopled.
He must have been constantly on the move, except when
special interest detained him for a while in some place. He
always walked, except a chance ride offered occasionally.
Sometimes he travelled twenty or thirty miles in a day, preach-
ing once, twice, or oftener, as he found or could make opportu-
nity. The weather seldom kept him from an appointment
The log school-house was an exceptionally favorable place for
his public service.

18/6.] 'Pindar Field. 499

In several instances he preached the first sermon ever heard
in the place, held the first prayer-meeting and the first monthly
concert In some cases his work was so blessed that churches
grew out of his labors.

He pushed his work far beyond the permanent settlements,
visiting the logging-camps up the river. Sometimes, at least,
he must have had hard &re and indifferent shelter. It is not
surprising that his health, never remarkably robust, foiled, and
hemorrhage from the lungs compelled him to rest a while. At
this time an asthmatic tendency was developed, which followed
him through life.

In this field he found full play for one of the most noticeable
characteristics of his ministry, which was hard, faithful, con-
stant work. He never was idle. He loved to work and work
hard. It was his great grief that in the last few years of
his life the infirmities of age forced upon him a degree of inac-
tivity that was strange in his experience. He never took a vacor
tion in the ordinary sense of the term. No arrangements for an
annual rest were made in his engagement with any church,
nor do they seem to have entered at all into his private plans.
He was faithful in attending councils and meetings of associa-
tion ; he was often away to lead or assist in revival meetings :
but aside from these, he seldom spent much time away firom
his parish. Whenever he took a journey it was planned more
for work than for relaxation.

This was illustrated in the most considerable journey he
ever took, — a trip to the West in 1846, being absent about
three months, and visiting various places in Michigan, Indi-
ana, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Iowa. This journey, thirty
years ago, was not the pleasure excursion it is to-day. He
preached every Sabbath when not prevented by ague. He
attended several State and local "conventions," taking an
active part in many of them, studying the workings of the
Plan of Union (which he never liked), and representing the
General Association of New York, then feeble and much mis-
understood.

In the Congregationalist is a letter from " Pilgrim," giving a
report of the meeting of the General Association of Indiana,

500 Pindar Field. [Oct

in Michigan City, May 15, 1876. In it is found the follow-
ing:—

" The church which received the Association is itself historic ... It
is noted as having been the entertainer of the first in our modem series of
National Councils, though, like that at Albany, this one was called a Con-
vention. It met in 1846. Parsons Cooke, David Hale, I. P. Langworthy,
J. J. Miter, L. S. Hobart, H. L. Hammond, and Pindar Field were leading
spirits in the body. It represented nine States. It was called to consider
the working of the Plan of Union, which it declared ought to be abrogated.
Its deliverance was republished for the Albany Convention, and its views
were adopted by that body. Especially did the two bodies declare that
the current accusations as to the laxity of Western Congregational
Churches, in order to be heard, must be made by persons who would
become responsible for the truth and the proof of the same.''

In respect of this latter point, Mr. Field's experience in New
York would make him peculiarly sensitive. Among his papers
^is one in his handwriting and his peculiar style, frequent eras-
iTOS showing it to be a first draft, all leading to the inference
that he was its author. It is headed, "The Committee to
prepare a Statement of the Substance of the Confessions of
Faith and Ecclesiastical Constitutions adopted by Western
Congregational Bodies, respectfully report." He expressly
includes New York Association among the Western bodies.
The report shows that these bodies were all " sound " in the
essential doctrines, and deserved a place in the evangelical
fold.

In 1859 ^^ ^^ok ^ similar though shorter journey, always at
work in the pulpit, in meetings of associations, or more pri-
vately, seeking the salvation of men or the advancement of
Congregational interests.

In his own parish he usually held three meetings on the
Sabbath, frequently preaching three sermons. He was active
in Sabbath School, prayer-meetings, week-day lectures, etc.
Scarcely a year passed that he did not carry on one or more
protracted meetings at home or elsewhere. His zeal never
flagged, he never spared Ijimself.

Self-denial seems to have been almost a passion with him.
It would perhaps be too much to say that he sought opportu-
nities for sacrifice and suffering ; but he never avoided them.

1876.] Pindar Field. 501

He spent his whole ministry among small, often home mis-
sionary churches, although he had repeated and urgent calls
to larger ones, among which were invitations to promising
churches at the West. Not every minister has the oppor-
tunity to decline so many calls, some of them flattering and
vigorously pressed. A single instance may be mentioned.
He was at North Pitcher, a small home missionary church,
where they had subscribed only |!i40 for his year's support,
when he declined a call to the village of Cincinnatus, where he
could have a fair salary, saying to the latter people, —

'' Your Society is a desirable one, and it will be easy for you to obtain a
minister. But the church at North Pitcher is weak, and few ministers
would be willing to labor there. Because of the poverty and necessity of
this people^ 1 shall remain?^

In much the same spirit he seemed to have considered all
his calls. Whether he did not at times limit his usefulness in
this way may be questioned ; but his mistake, if any, was not
the common one.

It would seem that his nominal salary was never more than
|!400. Seldom was this paid in full ; often he could not have
received more than $2^0, aside from donations and some remu-
neration for work outside his parish ; yet he lived, and kept
himself in good working condition ; he saved also a very
little to help him in old age. The smallness of his family
aided him in doing this. He had no children except an
adopted daughter. He brought up, however, a young brother
of his first wife, educating, him at Hamilton College, in the
hope that he would enter the ministry. But in this he was
disappointed.

He certainly must have been prudent, yet he had a com-
fortable home and was given to hospitality. He eked out his
salary by working a small piece of land every year, for which
his boyhood's training gave him the taste and skill.

He did sometimes have scanty fare, but this gave him no
trouble : he ate to satisfy hunger, never to gratify appetite.
Habitually abstemious, he seldom partook of more than one
article of food at a meal. It was a principle with him never to
run in debt for anything. The carrying out of this principle
sometimes left the pantry-shelves pretty bare. Once, in his

S02 Pindar Field. [Oct

earlier ministry, a lady friend came in to tea. Bread and
butter were the -only food on the table. No explanation or
apology was offered. Suspecting the state of affairs, she
watched him, whether he could give thanks heartily and con-
verse cheerfully. She found no failure here. After tea, she
succeeded in drawing out the facts that the purse was empty,
the last flour was put into that loaf, and everything eatable in
the house had been set before the guest.

Of course he had to be careful of the pennies, yet he was
not penurious. He must have given the tithe of his income
for benevolent purposes. Among his papers are receipts and
letters which show that, in proportion to his means, his gifts
were not few or small.

The same year that he declined the call to Cincinnatus he
relinquished the unpaid balance of the promised salary, that
North Pitcher might have further home missionary aid.

At another place, where for some years the salary had fallen
into arrears, he makes this record : —

^ Had a long talk with the trustees. After making all allowances, and
deducting %\o for each Sabbath I have been absent, there is still due me
$350. What shall I do ? Those who are able to pay are not willing. I
could collect by law, but this would have a bad influence on the cause of
Christ So I forgave the debt."

In 1827 he was returning from Andover, whither he had
gone to settle unpaid student bills, when he met Benjamin
Schneider, afterwards missionary to Turkey, who lacked means
to enter Amherst College. He gave him ^20. In 1835 Mr.
Schneider writes him from Broosa : —

" I still remember your kindness to me with lively interest. Had it not
been for your interposition ... I know not that I should now be in
Asia Minor. It was no small link in the chain of events that gave direc-
tion to my course of life."

His mental habit was one of intense introspection. His
self-examinations were frequent and rigorous. The sin he
found gave him keenest pain. His standard was high, and he
had little patience with his failures to reach it A sense of
unworthiness was ever present, which seemed to be intensified
by the very success he had in winning souls. His private
fast-days were numerous, and often plunged him into the

1876] Pindar Field. 503

depths of self-abasement. No other prayer is recorded so fre-
quently, even in his academy and college days, as that for
humility. This prayer was abundantly answered.

One extract from his journal may be given out of multitudes
of similar spirit: —

" Dec. 31, 1849. — My greatest trouble is that I am so miserably quali-
fied to do any good, or that which God can approve. How polluted,
debased, and barren of good I see myself to be ! Oh I for the influence of
divine truth energized by the Spirit to nerve up my wayward, sluggish soul
to serve the living God with spiritual affection and redoubled energy.
. . . Whether He will ever a^n employ my debased and sluggish
powers to save souls is more than I dare to say. One thing is certain : if
I am forever shut up and prevented from seeing the salvation of God, He
will deal righteously with me. There can be no ground of complaint
against Him. I will take the side of God against myself^ let Him do with
me as He will."

Perhaps we ought not to wonder that one who had so little
patience with his own faults should sometimes be impatient
with the faults of others. Himself conscientiously exact, it
were easy to require exactness in others ; himself economical,
it were natural to condemn extravagance ; himself not given
to play, he would seem sometimes to frown upon playfulness,
especially when it bordered closely upon sin ; Jiimself abste-
mious, he would be likely to judge severely those who were more
self-indulgent. He was a stanch old Puritan ; he would have
been perfectly at home among the Mayflower pilgrims.

Next to the expressions of his own unworthiness, the most
frequent allusions in his journal are to the wickedness of the
men among whom he lived. This filled him with pain and
indignation ; it vexed his righteous soul.

Naturally reticent and undemonstrative, he was wont to
seem unsympathetic except to those who knew him well. His
experience, indeed, would hardly permit him to sympathize
with the free, joyous life that most young people have. He
passed too quickly from boyhood to the cares and labors of
manhood.

In his intercourse with others he seldom failed to secure
their respect and confidence. He did not always win their
affection until a longer acquaintance enabled them to get
beyond the shell, and taste the sweet kernel of a really kind

504 Pindar Field. [Oct

and genial heart. Those who knew him best loved him most
Among the older people are many who were a£Fectionately
attached to him, and now revere his memory.

Said one to the writer, " Before my conversion I almost
hated Mr. Field. When he came to my father^s house I
avoided him all I could. He was always talking about
religion. But after my conversion there was no man whom I
wished to see more."

He loved his home and sought to make it pleasant In his
quiet way he was very thoughtful for the comfort of others.
Here were shown the most genial side of his character and the
most attractive phase of his religious life. A young lady, then
unconverted, made a lengthy visit Afterward, in speaking of
her conversion, she said that it was his genial, cheerful religious
life at home which led her to desire a like experience.

He was an affectionate husband. In his choice of wives he
was very fortunate. They were of most estimable character,
and true helpmeets in his work.

He was especially faithful in pastoral work. Rev. Merit
S. Piatt, long a member of the same association, writes : —

" As a pastor he had few equals. Few are as faithful at all times in per-
sonal religious conversation with old and young, with saint and sinner.
This, he once told me, was a service he specially loved ; and this doubtless
added largely to his usefulness.

" Bro. Field's interest in the cause of missions, temperance, and other
refonns was decided. His convictions on these subjects were very strong,
and he was ever ready and earnest in their vindication. He was so out-
spoken and fearless in the cause of reform that he often disturbed the feel-
ings of the indifferent in these matters. But the good or ill opinions of
others were of little account with him. When duty called, he faltered not,
nor held back the word he knew would cause the smart.

" My personal intercourse with him leaves no other than the most pleas-
ant recollections Both words and actions were in perfect keeping with
the dignity and character of the Christian minister. I always cherished
for him the highest regard ; and the same was true, so far as I know, with
all his ministerial brethren.

" As a preacher he was not very popular with the world's people, from
the fact that the sword of the Spirit was not wreathed with flowers. Everj'-
thing of this nature was ignored. His language was severely plain ; and
the truth unadorned was often, with unsparing severity, aimed directly at
the heart. But with devoted Christian people, his preaching was generally
very acceptable.''

1876.] Pindar Field. 505

In all his presentation of truth, both from the pulpit and
more privately, he was very direct. He used no euphemism
or circumlocution ; he knew nothing of flank movements.
When he saw the enemy, he made straight for his front. Of
course he often roused opposition ; but he was willing to pro-
voke men to the consideration of the truth. They might feel
as they would towards himself, only let the truth take hold ol
them. He gave no quarter to errorists. He was well grounded
in sound doctrine, and wished his hearers to have something
of the same doctrinal framework which gave strength and sta-
bility to his own piety.

His specialty in. the ministry was revival work. In this,
particularly in the earlier years, he was unusually successful
It is easy to count up more than sixty places where he led
or helped in conducting successful protracted meetings, in
some places two or three times. This work he loved. Nothing
else so filled his soul with joy.

As may well be predicated, he was pre-eminently a man of
prayer ; he loved his closet. Though it was often a place of
deepest self-abasement, he found his God there, and that
presence was his joy. He had humble and constant trust ; and
in pleading with God, he gained power in pleading with men.
To this, and perhaps to his long-continued habit of writing
prayers, may be ascribed the peculiar excellence of his public
devotions. These are frequently spoken of as the best part of
his service. Many who were not attracted by his sermons
loved to hear him pray, and found their souls uplifted by his
petitions.

To quote again from Mr. Piatt : —

^ My impression is that he was not a close general student His
thoughts were more especially given to his preparations for the pulpit ; and
as his discourses were prepared with more than usual readiness, he was
not so closely confined to his study as is often the case with ministers."

This rapidity of composition enabled him to give much time
to other matters. Otherwise he could not have done so much
manual labor, nor have given so much attention to the general
work of the denomination in the State.

Through all his ministerial life in New York, he was a mem-
ber of Oneida Association (the oldest in the State), and till

S06 PimimrFidtL fOO.

dbe dose an actite and
coce here, as wdl as in the
because of im carDcstntos €i
astical business; and in larger port
in tbe Congregational Chorcli pofitjr,
Scriptitre and as best adapted to pfomote
dinrch and tbe derdopment of the indithfcul
bad no sjmqiatbjr with the notion tbat
place west of tbe Hudson. He bdierod
alists bad a rigbt to look after tbe manj
diat bad been founded by New England men, aid also to
enter any new fields tbat migbt open to them.
Reir, Lw Smidi Hobart writes : —

^ It was be that mored tbe Ooadat Assocbtioa to cal tke
Ikat oqguttied the General Aworiatkm of Xcv Ycvkyia
CBffcalar hsntd bean his signatiire as chanmaay aad
Tbe conTentJOo met at Clintoa aod chose hmi
a member of the committee that reported the
the assocsatioo was organized, aod it is befieved that
was dnhtd hj bsm. For tbe first ten jears be
orer of tbe body« He was chosen moderator three
preached tbe assodational sermon, — distinctions
to any otber,^

In its earlier years the State Association had a hard struggle
for existence and recognition. The Congregational denomi-
nation was not the largest or most popular. That west-of-the-
Hudson doctrine was widely accepted ; many churches, Con-
gregationally organized, had become Presbyterian, and others
were setting their faces thitherward ; the Presbyterian lap
was ready to catch the fruit that was ripening so fast through
the Plan of Union and Accommodation. It was only human
that an organization which threatened to disappoint this hope
should be watched with something of jealousy and opposition.

The churches, too, that remained true to their first polity
were widely scattered over a great State. They were isolated
in great degree and practically independent ; they were in
no position to develop and practise the fellowship of the
churches, or to give aid and recognition to such as might wish
to organize Cong^egationally. Besides the Oneida there were
but three local associations in the State, and these had little

^

1876.] Pindar Field. 507

communication with each other. It was no small task to
bring these churches into fellowship and arouse them to an
appreciation of the benefits of co-operation.

Ecclesiastical adventurers, plausible in address and glib
of tongue, had taken advantage of this unassociated condi-
tion of the churches to bring in various heresies and isms.
They could claim to be Congregationalists, and introduce
poison and dissension without risk of immediate detection.
Many churches had suffered in this way, and even associa-
tions were suspected. Congregationalism was falling into dis-
repute ; the name was stretched to cover doctrines that were
unsound, and practices that were disorderly if not worse.
Some of our best ministers and churches were ready to join
the Presbytery as the easiest way to disfellowship these things.
It is not wholly strange that the Presbyterians did not recog-
nize the State Association without careful scrutiny of its char-
acter and doctrines. Even sister bodies in New England
were cautious, if not suspicious. As late as 1 840 the General
Association of Massachusetts appointed a committee of inves-
tigation before receiving or sending corresponding delegates.

Thus the establishment of the General Association of New
York was a difficult problem. Mr. Field approached this prob-
lem with clear head, firm hand, and resolute will. During its
first decade, he was the leading, almost controlling, spirit in
the organization. He never faltered, though sometimes stand-
ing almost alone. For many years he carried the association
on his back, as through all his life he had borne it on his heart
He was spared to see the prosperity and usefulness of this
organization almost beyond even his sanguine expectations.

It is safe to say that for twenty years no other man had more
influence than Mr. Field in shaping Congregationalism in New
York State. He was well fitted for this. He was ever con-
fided in as a man of kindly spirit, correct in judgment, and dis-
creet in counsel. His advice was sought by individuals and
churches in a great variety of perplexing cases. His counsel
was always respected and generally followed.

He could have written interesting reminiscences of Congre-
gationalism in the State. This was suggested to him ; but he
declined, probably because of that modesty in speaking of him-

SoS Pindar Field. [Oct

self and his work which was his constant characteristic. With
his death perished the possibility of a full history of the strug-
gles of the denomination to gain an organized standing in the
State. Yet if this history would tend to revive old disputes and
denominational rivalries, it is well it was not written. This
surely would have been the decision of him who took so prom-
inent a part in them, contending so earnestly for what be
believed the right amid opposition and frequent derision.

His end was calm and peaceful. For many weeks he was
confined to his bed by a disease which often gave him acutest
pain ; but as he had never murmured at the Providence that
placed hard labor and self-denial in his path, so he made no
complaint under bis sufferings nor intimated a wish that it
might be otherwise with him. He prayed much on his sick-
bed, but seldom for himself The great burden of desire was
for the prosperity of Zion, His last audible prayer was for the
ministers of the land, that they might be " baptized with the
Holy Ghost and with fire." He had finished his life's work;
his soul he had committed long ago unto Him who is foithfiil.
A little arrangement of temporal matters, and he had no further
preparation to make : he only waited. There was no ecstacy
and no fear, only the calmness of perfect trust " Mark the
perfect man, and behold the upright ; for the end of that man
is peace."

If he could have chosen, he would have asked no higher
eulogy than the expression which came warm from many lips
on the news of his death, — "A good man is gone,"

For some years it has seemed to the younger people that
Father Field belonged so much to the past as to have little in
common with the present. Perhaps this opinion finds counte-
nance in the fact that his funeral could not be attended by any
one who had been personally associated with him in his min-
isterial work during the years of his vigorous activity. Only
one such minister is known to be living, and he was too far
away to be thought available. The duty thus devolved on the
writer of this article. The exercises were held in the meeting-
house of that church in Hamilton which he had gathered so
long ago, and had always loved, and with which he had wor-
shipped in his last years. The service was simple and without

1876.] Pindar Pitld. 509

show, as had been his life. The text was i Thess. iv, 4 ; the
theme, " The Glorious Resurrection of the Pious Dead," —
always a favorite subject of thought and discourse with the
departed. We laid him to rest in the village of the dead, feel-
ing assured that he " sleeps in Jesus," and that we might
" comfort ourselves with these words " of the text : " For if
we believe that Jesus died and rose again, even so them also
which sleep in Jesus will God bring with Him."

At his grave stands a plain stone, bearing beneath the
record of name, birth, and death, a text which had been espe-
cially dear to him and had given him unspeakable comfort
during his last weeks, — " I shall be satisfied when I awake
with Thy likeness."

It only remains to add the Minute adopted by the associa-
tion at the meeting next following his death : —

" It is with sincere sorrow that the members of Oaeida and Chenaago
Association have learned of the recent death of Rev. Pindar Field, a mem-
ber of the body, and one of the original movers in the fbnnalion of the
General Association of the State. Ordained in 1836, he has ever aince
been an earnest and devoted laborer in the cause of Christ, and an
enlightened and ardent friend and supporter of our free system of church
order. To him, Congregationalism in New Yoric is greatly indebted for
its organized existence and its prosperity. His life has been a constant
testimony to the truth, as it has ever manifested a loving care for the
churches and a watchful anxiety for souls. He was a wise counsellor,
and a self-sacrificing minister of the New Testament

"In view of the dispensation of Providence which has removed him from
this life, we tender ttf his widow our deepest sympathies in her affliction,
and assure her of our prayers in her behalt"

George Harby.

MaduDH. ir. Y.

SECOND SBBIES, —

5IO The Types of Scripture. [Oct

THE TYPES OF SCRIPTURE.^

I PROPOSE to consider

I. The Fundamental Principle of Types in Scripture.

II. The Recognition of Types.

III. Their Interpretation.

IV. The Dangers in Their Use.

V. The Advantages in Their Use.

At this day there need be no attempt to prove the existence
of Types in the Bible. Time has been when scholars would
deny this, but the time has passed. Prof. Fairbaim, with his
learned work on Typology, opened a way in the desert of
uncertainties and contradictions on this subject which has
since become the travelled path of our best thinkers. With
him substantially agree such men as Tholuck, Stanley, Angus,
Atwater, Trench, Bartlett, and M'Cosh.

But, granted the fact of types in Scripture, it yet remains
to give them clearness, to elucidate the principles which con-
trol them : we must resolve this nebula into stars. Although
we cannot hope to do much in such investigations, yet we may
possibly bring out into greater prominence a fact or two of
some importance. A hint has been dropped on this subject
by two or three scholarly men which is well worth a more
careful examination than they have cared to give it. Dr. M'Cosh
says, " We may trace an analogy between the types of the
works and of the Word of God. ... In the natural
kingdom all inferior organisms point onward and upward to
man ; in the spiritual kingdom all life points onward and
upward to Christ." ^ Archbishop Trench remarks, " There is a
harmony between the natural and spiritual worlds. The world
of nature is throughout a witness for the world of spirit, pro-
ceeding from the same hand, growing out of the same root, and
being constituted for that very end." ^ Prof Bartlett testifies :
"There is an organic connection and correlation sustained by
the whole Old Testament economy to that of the New Testa-
ment Tholuck calls this theory ' organic typical.* It finds

^ An Essay read before the Alumni of Andover Theological Seminary at
Andover, June 30, 1875.
a Typical Forms and Special Ends in Creation, p. 508,
•Trench On Parables, p. 19.

1 876,] The Types 0/ Scripture. 511

one continuous scheme of God running unbroken through the
two dispensations, of which the earlier portion sustains a pre-
ordained parallelism to the latter, being typical or rather repre-
sentative of it" ^ These suggestive thoughts have not been
elaborated by those who produced them. They have been
thrown out and left behind by writers who have passed on to
greater riches of thought in other mines of truth. Let us
search in this deserted mine and see what truth is left for
others to discover.

L We will start with this fundamental principle, which, like
the law of gravitation, would seem to pervade the universe : —

The divine plan is to fashion all things on recurrent^ diversi"
Jiedy and constantly improving types. Thus is it with creation,
with providence, and no less with revelation. In other words,
the types of Scripture are but another manifestation of the
divine mind, which has otherwise shown its fondness for unity
in diversity by shaping all objects, creatures, lives, events, his-
tories, on certain homologous types.

There is one idea which prevails in all the works of God and
all the manifestations of His will : it is, on a few fundamental
forms, to build up in well-nigh infinite diversity all the creations
and providences that fill the universe. The scientist, whatever
his department of study, finds this principle in force. The
zoologist tells us there are four ruling types in the animal king-
dom, and that every living creature is built on one of these
primary forms. Among the vertebrates, for example, the bones
of the human arm and hand find their counterparts in homolo-
gous bones in the fore-leg of the horse, the wing of the bird, and
the fin of the fish. In embryology we discover that the embryo
passes through a curious series of resemblances. At first it
has the characteristics of the lower orders, but as it develops
it successively assumes a likeness to higher and higher orders,
till when full grown it takes on its own distinctive peculiarities.
This may be strikingly seen in the development of the frog,
where the embryo undergoes its transformations after it is
freed from the egg. It exists at first as a tadpole, with a fin-
like tail and branching laminae or exterior gills, through which
it breathes. At this stage it has the characteristics of a fish.

^ Bib. Sac. 1861, p. 749.

512 The Types ef Scripture. [Oct

But presently its tail is absorbed, legs and feet are developed,
its gills close up, and it breathes through lungs ; it has become,
to speak without scientific accuracy, a reptile. In geology is
the same system of types. The forms of life created first were
typical, premonitory of those which came later. In astronomy
a like principle prevails. Prof Winchell, in his interesting
little monograph entitled The Geology of the Stars ^ tells us
that in the different parts of the solar system are illustrated all
the changes through which the world itself has passed or is to
pass hereafter; that the sun at white heat shows what the
world was in its beginnings ; Jupiter and Saturn, orbs of
greater size and lesser density, what it was before it had cooled
off to its present condensation ; and the moon, now without
atmosphere or water, of inconceivable fngidity, what the earth
will become if permitted through unknown cycles to continue
its normal development. There is in all history, also, a warp
of unity with a woof of infinite diversity. There have been
from century to century foreshadowings of that which was to
come. Kaulbach, in his grand painting, "The Era of the
Reformation," has done well to present upon the canvas not
only Luther and Zwingle and Calvin of the sixteenth century,
but Huss and Savonarola of the fifteenth, Wickliff and Tauler
of the fourteenth, and even Abelard, Arnold of Brescia, and
Peter Waldo of the eleventh and twelfth. There is a family
likeness between the downfall of Rome under the Caesars, and
of Spain under Philip II ; between Joshua, as leader of Israel, in
the conquest of Canaan, and Washington, as chief of the Amer-
ican army in the Revolutionary War ; between the growth of
a great nationality in England, out of the Celt, the Saxon, the
Dane, and the Norman, and a similar growth in America out
of the English, the French, the Swede, the German, the Irish.
There is no end to these parallels, and the earlier is, in the
truest sense, a type of the latter.

Now, in just this way are there types in Scripture. The
Bible is built up on the same plan as God's other works. Just
as past history foreshadows future events because the same
plan runs through both, so the divine statements of history are
so shaped as to evince the likeness of these events. This I
understand to be the essence of scriptural typology. There

1 876.] The Types of Scripture. 5 1 3

is nothing mystical about the types of the Bible, but the truth
with regard to them is simply this : the events of the Old
Testament dispensation took place on the same general plan as
has since controlled the events of later times ; when, there-
fore, God, by the hand of holy men of old, gave us a record of
those events, He so arranged that record, by His choice of inci-
dents to be mentioned, by the very language in which those
incidents should be described, as to bring into special promi-
nence the points of likeness between the old and the new.

It would be unlike God to do otherwise. No fact concerning
Him is more distinctly revealed than that He conducts all things
on the same fundamental plan. The spectroscope assures us
that the same elementary substances are found in the sun and
in the stars as occur in our globe. In these latter days a host
of comparative sciences have sprung into being, the design of
which is to trace the resemblances and diversities between
different allied objects. Thus Cuvier, Oken, Agassiz have
given us a comparative zodlogy ; puyot has written a compara-
tive geography ; Max Miiller and Prof. Whitney have discoursed
on philology or comparative language ; Hardwick's Christ and
Other Masters J Clarke's Ten Great Religions^ are works on com-
parative religion; and an admirable little book of travel, by
Henry Day, of New York, has lately appeared, which is in
fact a treatise on comparative government. These sciences
are possible only because God has a common plan pervading
every department of existence. Now, if we find such a like-
ness leverywhere else, it is unreasonable to suppose that we
shall not find it in the Scriptures. But this probability be-
comes a verity when we consider the subject-matter of God's
Word. The Bible is written to give us the history of God's
dealings with man ; and as human nature is largely the same
in all ages, and God's character ever the same, so must the
account of divine providences and human responses, in what-
ever age of the world, have striking points of resemblance.
Then, further, the Bible traces the origin and history of God's
church from its inception, in the promise given to Adam, to its
absorption into the hosts of heaven. It is the same church
from Genesis to Revelation, — the same church, but under a pro-
cess of steady development, becoming more and more distinct

5 14 The Types of Serif tut e. (Oct

in its characteristics as the ages pass ; while its circumstances
are different, its life is ever the same, and its outward history
is but a transcript of its spiritual struggles, even as the lines
on the face bespeak the soul within. Thus, in the same sense
that the scientist speaks of the star-fish and the echinoderm,
of the nettle and the elm, of the solar system and the milky
way, as built up on the same type, so is there a typical resem-
blance between the children of Israel struggling through desert
mischances, from the bondage of Egypt to the joy of Canaan,
and the Christian of to-day fighting his way by the help of
Christ, out of his sins into the rest of heaven.

That such is the character of the types in Scripture is to be
expected from the law of development It is a controlling
principle throughout the universe, so far as we are aware, that
the past is the germ of the present and the future. The early
ages of the world were but the unfolded bud of the civilization
and religion of to-day. Several passages of Scripture state
this to be the fact as to the two dispensations of the church.
The apostle speaks of the old dispensation as the rudiments
((TToijI^eiW), that is, the elementary substances or truths, out
of which the richer combinations of the new are formed. (CoL
ii, 20.) He uses this term twice, — in his Epistle to the Gal-
atians as follows : " Even so we, when we were children (1. e.
believers in Judaism rather than Christianity), were in bond-
age to the rudiments of the world, but when the fulness of time
was come, God sent forth his Son." (Gal. iv, 3.) We are now
living in the dispensation of the fulness of times (Eph. i, 10),
for upon us ** the ends of the world are come." (i Cor. x, 11.)
It cannot but be, therefore, that we shall find past events germs
and therefore hints, types, of the more fully developed present

Let us look at the terms in which Scripture describes this
subject. There are, at least, nine words in the Greek of the
New Testament, which, with more or less frequency and dis-
tinctness, are used to suggest the existence of types. They
are these, xvnog^ drtitvrtor, vnorvnaxji^y delyfuiy vnodeiy^^ axuiy
ftaga^o^^ aXhjjoqim^ and 7tvev[Aatix6g,

Tvnog occurs sixteen times, and as we might expect, since
the Bible does not use words with technical exactitude, in very
different senses. The unbeliving Thomas speaks of Christ's

1876.] The lypes of Scripture, 515

wounds as the print {;t'mi^ of the nails. (John xx, 25.) Here
the word is used in its primary signification. Elsewhere the
tabernacle of Moloch and the star of the god Remphan are
spoken of as xinoi,^ by which the Israelites proposed to wor-
ship these false divinities. (Acts vii, 43.) Neither tabernacle
nor star was an image of these heathen gods, but suggestive of
them. So Claudius Lysias is said (Acts xxiii, 25) to have writ-
ten a letter to the governor Felix after this manner, (xwroff.)
This seems to imply that he who reports the afl&iir does not
claim to give the exact words of the letter, but its substance,
something like it. Elsewhere the apostle Paul commends
Christians for obeying that type of doctrine which was deliv-
ered them. (Rom. vi, 17.) Here the word seems to mean, not
the original statements in which the truth was first preached,
but the general characteristics which pervaded those state-
ments. The other passages are more closely allied to the
meaning we commonly give to the word " type." The Jewish
tabernacle is declared to have been made according to the type
or pattern showed Moses on the mount. (Acts vii, 44 ; Heb. viii,
5.) Adam is affirmed to be a type of Christ. (Rom. v, 14.)
After a mention of the variety of incidents which occurred to
the Israelites in their desert wanderings, it is said, " Now these
things were our examples (xwroi i^/umi'), "types of us." (i Cor.
X, 6.) And again, " Now all these things happened unto them
for examples (^inoi), and they are written for our admonition
upon whom the ends of the world are come." (i Cor. x, 11.)
In the cases last cited, the meaning seems to waver between
that of type and of example ; it means both. In the remain-
ing cases, there is the same indistinctness of meaning, with a
preponderance of force upon the idea of example. Thus Paul
(Phil, iii, 17 ; 2 Thess. iii, 9) and the Thessalonian Christians
(i Thess. i, 7) were types or examples. Timothy was an
example or sample of the believers, i^vnoq rmv nusxm. i Tim.
iv, 12.) Observe that we have here the genitive, not the dative.
Titus also was a type or pattern. (Titus ii, 7.) The apostle
Peter directs that the elders be ensamples to the flock or types
of the flock {xinoi xov noifiviov^ genitive again), (i Peter v, 3.)
In all these cases, it is plain that, whatever shades of meaning
the word may take, the underlying thought is that of represen-

5 16 The Types of Scripture. [Oct

tation or likeness, that is, that one thing or person or event,
is the type of another, represents it, foreshadows it, serves as
its germ.

The same meaning comes out in the word " antitype," which
occurs twice in the New Testament. In the Epistle of Peter
(i Peter iii, 21) baptism is declared to be an antitype of Noah's
escape from the flood, that is, the water of baptism is set over
against the water of the deluge, — the former suggesting our
salvation, as did the latter the salvation of Noah and his fam-
ily. The second case in which the word " antitype " occurs is
^jsignificant as indicative of the off-hand and untechnical man-
ner in which the Bible uses words. The writer of the Epistle
to the Hebrews declares that the hand-wrought holy place,
that is, the tabernacle, was the figure or antitype of the true.
(Heb. ix, 24.) Here the meaning of the word is changed right
about ; and where theologians, in a more precise use of terms,
would say "type," inspiration, with an easy indifierence to
exactness, says " antitype." But the meaning is plain : the
tabernacle was designed to prefigure heaven.

Another word of the same derivation and much the same
meaning as those just mentioned is vnorwtaxfts. Paul declares
that Jesus Christ showed mercy to him, who was the chief of
sinners, as a pattern, illustration, type, of the condition and
blessing of those who should believe {vnmimaaiif Tcoy fjitllovTw),
(I Tim. i, 16.)

Another word indicative of a type is delyiia, occurring but
once, and that in the seventh verse of Jude. Having cited
the case of the Israelites who were destroyed for unbelief)
and of the " angels which kept not their first estate . . .
reserved in everlasting chains under darkness unto the judg-
ment of the great day," the apostle goes on to say, " Even
as Sodom and Gomorrah, and the cities about them, in like
manner giving themselves over to fornication and going after
strange flesh, are set forth for an example {diiyiia), suffering the
vengeance of eternal fire " ; that is to say, the fate of Sodom
and Gomorrah is a type of the eternal punishment which shall
be visited on those who disobey God. Allied to this is vnodayfia,
a word occurring six times in the New Testament. It is once
used in the second Epistle of Peter (ii, 6) of the cities just

r8;6.] Th* Types of Scripture. 517

mentioned, and in the same connection ; it is once used by
our Saviour (John xiii, 15), where, after washing the disciples'
feet. He says, " I have given you an example (wrofl<»7'fia) that
ye should do as I have done to you." By this he certainly
does not mean, as the Pope of Rome understands it, that the
lineal successor of the apostles should wash the feet of twelve
poor men — that were literalism gone to seed I — but he does
mean that this act should be typical of higher duties and spirit-
ual truths. The word is used when it is declared that the
Israelites, in the desert forty years and failing to enter into the
promised land, were an example or type of unbelief. (Heb. iv,
II.) So the apostle James (v, 10) urges his brethren to take
the prophets as an example {^i^ny^ui) of suffering affliction,
and of patience. There is here but a faint trace of the idea of
type in the common theologic sense, but it stands out sharply
in another passage, where we are told that the priesthood and
ceremonial worship of the Jews serve unto the example and
shadow (t«oa«(j'/ia »at <w(a) of heavenly things. (Heb. viii, 15.)

The word a*ia, in the passage just quoted, is most appro-
priate and significant in teaching us the doctrine of types. It
reminds us of the well-known proverb, "Coming events cast
their shadows before." I have been startled while walking
along the street at night to see a shadow fall at my feet and
rapidly lengthen itself out before me. I knew, though I heard
no footfall, that some one was behind me and swiftly approach-
ing. It was thus, the apostle tells us, that the tabernacle wor-
ship, the tabernacle itself, the passover, the sacrifices, the
' riests, served as types. They were not the reality, but the

idow ; they came before ; they but dimly and distortedly
'ined that which was to come : but those who looked upon
itiese shadows were sensible of the advancing footfall, and when
Christ stood upon the mountains of Judea bringing good tid'
ings, they that bad waited for the consolation of Israel saw
that it was He of whom in all the Scriptures mention had been
made. (Luke liv, 37.) So, in another place (Col. ii,
read that the various holy days of the Jews, that is, their
monial observances, were "a shadow of things to com<
the body" (that is, the substance, the reality of these tl
that which causes the shadow) " is Christ"

el saw

d been

I

pat

'

-mtmmY^^s^"

^ ••

This is more cdb>
pevable, as apc£ed to
: occurs in i gcned
are in the Epis&ii
recovered Isaacfin
xz. 19.) ThisappcBS
?rtfae substitntiaBflf
X S^are or type of Ae
ru|Kjei of Hebven^
imito havebecB
is, of the cEfine
''ontiltk
AnnM inai^a-

>JJC

'^ ^

r ,r»*i:tt .-

f ::?

understDod

^. and its
thing the
sars ',1 Cor.

. ..\.

drank

TCi

^r

Lobrects

bore a

.- 1- *'rT--:j

r r. 'r*::c*j<S5^

•

.^

• ■«.'«.« ^^ -^ • • w4kfcT 19

ixtke

*

- *-^ : . •T^isii:

^

1876.] The Types of Scripture. 519

On these words it may be remarked that they are used
almost indiscriminately. Modern theologians take the word
■" type," infuse it with a peculiar sense, as embalmers inject into
the veins of a corpse a liquid which presently sets, so that the
word ceases to have the versatility and elasticity of life, and
becomes stiff, cold, and angular ; but the very variety of words
used, and the underlying idea running through them all, is a
strong proof of the correctness of the principle advanced at the
beginning of this essay. The controlling thought in them,
every one, is that of likeness. They teach us that between the
earlier and the subsequent revelations of Scripture, between the
Old Testament events and characters and those of the New,
there is such an intimate relation that you discover at once
a homology, and know that in recording a history of the former,
the divine Author designed to call attention to their resem-
blance to the latter. These ancient types, as is proved by the
words used, are no technical and exact copies of that which is
to come, but examples, patterns, figures, shadows, likenesses,
germs, suggestions, of future personages and events.

The question then arises. What is there distinctive in scrip-
tural types .' Why not as well trace types in Livy and Thu-
cydides, in Prescott and Motley ? There are types in profane
history, but the point of scriptural typology is this, — that the
Bible is the Word of God, and is so written as to bring these
typical relationships of the past and present into view. It is
then a typology of revelation rather than of feet that we have
now in mind. God chose to bring certain events into promi-
nence, and to consign others to oblivion. Why was this ? It
was because that which He thought worthy of record bore a
marked relationship to future events of highest moment to the
human race, or to spiritual truths, which needed to be ex-
pressed, illustrated, and enfcAxxd in every possible way. The
worid is full of homologies, relationships, types ; but not a tithe
of these did God care to notice in His Word. In our study of
Scripture, then, our aim should not be to ascertain what resem-
blances can possibly be traced between facts of history, —
for this sort of study is not bibljcal, but historic, — it should
be to ascertain lltefctfflBHHBUft^Qd^dnBU^P bring to
view.

520 The Types of Scripture. [Oct

I. How^ then^ shall we recognize ihe types of Scripture t

It is fair to anticipate that anything in God's Word tnay be a
type. There are secret lines of coincidence running through-
out nature and providence, just as there are strata of rock
beneath the alluvium of the soil ; and God may at any point in
His divine history lift them into prominence, as He upheaves
the granite hill above the plain.

We should be on the lookout for these resemblances,
and we may identify events as types, whenever we find that
their likeness to that which has since transpired is clearly
marked in the inspired record. By this is not meant that
we should accept the narrow dictum of Marsh, Emesti, and
others, of a school now gone by, to the effect that those only
are types which are distinctly declared to be such in the Bible.
This theory is contrary to the whole idea of types, and to the
evident method of Scripture of selecting certain types at ran-
dom, by way of illustrating the nature of the rest But I
would say that those only are scriptural types in which the
likeness can be discovered by the descriptions which the Bible
gives and the evident design with which it was written. For
instance, there is a striking resemblance between the exodus
of Israel from Egypt to Palestine, and the flight of our Pilgrim
Fathers from the persecutors of England and the corruptions
of Holland to these shores ; but no one is so wild as to imag-
ine the former a scriptural type of the latter, for such a
likeness does not come within the language or scope of the
Bible.

It follows that we may conclude that a type is divinely
designed, when we find the language describing an earlier event
so arranged as to be noticeably suggestive of something of later
occurrence. Herein consists in part the fitness of Melchisedec
to serve as a type of Christ. In the Epistle to the Hebrews
(seventh chapter) the likeness is drawn out in full, and special
attention is called to the fact that the name of this ancient
character was Melchisedec, being, by interpretation, king of
righteousness, and the place of his rule Salem, so that he was
King of Peace ; that no mention is made in the divine record,
contrary to all Oriental precedent, of his parentage, of his birth,
or of his death, so that, as a type, he could be said to be " with-

1876.] The Types of Scripture. 521

out father, without mother, without descent, having neither
beginning of days nor end of life, but made like unto the Son
of God." From this argument of the inspired commentator, »
it is plain that the record in Genesis was purposely so framed
as to make the likeness between Melchisedec and Christ no-
ticeable. It is safe to conclude that the same is done in other
cases. When, therefore, we read in the book of the Judges, of
Samson, that the dead which he slew at his death were more
than they which he slew in his life, we cannot but feel with
Archbishop Trench ^ that here is indicated a point of contact
in the life of Samson with that of Christ. What did Joseph
mean when he said to his brethren, " Fear not, for I am in the
place of God " ? A recent writer calls us to notice that it is
diffcult to explain his meaning as applicable to the circum-
stances when the words were uttered ; but as used of Joseph as
a type of Christ, nothing could be more appropriate.*

An English writer on Interpretation, S. R. Bosanquet, of
whom I have been able to learn nothing save what the perusal
of his book would tell me, gives incidentally two rules for the
recognition of types, which deserve our notice as extremely
novel. I am not prepared to affirm their correctness, but after
a somewhat careful examination of those cases which the Bible
declares to be typical, I have been surprised to find how gen-
erally one or the other of the tests suggested is present. It
should be said of Mr. Bosanquet that his work is of such a
character as to awaken distrust in his judgment. His views
are unique; some of them, indeed, of unquestionable value,
instantly commanding assent; others of them such that one
feels obliged to reserve them, though improbable, for a fuller
investigation ; and many of them, especially on the subject of
types, so extreme and even fanciful that one instantly dis-
misses them as beyond belief.

With this preliminary, let us see if we can accept his dicta
regarding the recognition of types.

He affirms for one thing that the principal types of Scripture
are often indicated by being twice mentioned? The examples
he cites, however, are far from satisfactory. The Bible does

^ Notes on Parables, N. Y. 1853, p. 24. > Bosanquet on Interpretation, p. 57.

* Bosanquet on Interpretation, p. 306.

523 The Types of Scripture. [Oct

not assure us that they are types. Let us examine a few cases
that are beyond question.

We know that the water which gushed from Horeb was
typical of Christ, for so the apostle affirms in his first Epistle
to the Corinthians. "And did all drink the same spiritual
drink, for they drank of the Rock which followed them, and
that Rock was Christ." Now it is a fact that this giving of
water was repeated twice: once as recorded in the seven-
teenth chapter of Exodus, once as described in the twentieth
chapter of Numbers. We know that the manna was typical
So the apostle affirms, '' They did all eat the same spiritual
meat." Christ declares the same when He says of Himself,
" This is that bread which came down from heaven " (referring to
the description in Exodus of manna as bread from heaven), " not
as your fathers did eat manna, and are dead. " (John vi, 50.)
Now, there are two mentions made of the giving of the manna,
both in connection with the giving of quails, one in Exodus
(ch. xvi) and one in Numbers (ch. xi). In Hebrews we
read that God*s resting on the seventh day of creation was
typical of the rest of heaven. (Heb. iv, 4, 10.) The fact that
God thus rested is mentioned twice in Exodus, (xx, 1 1 ; xxxi,
17.) In the same epistle (Heb. xi, 17-19), the sacrifice of
Isaac is declared to be typical. Abraham received Isaac from
the dead in a figure (iv 7ta()a(io}.^, that is, the transaction was a
type of the resurrection ; and from one peculiarity of the style
of the Bible, we may conclude the whole event was similarly
significant It is the custom of the Scriptures, as Bosanquet
reminds us, where we would cite chapter and verse, to quote a
verse or two, or sometimes only a word, to indicate the whole
passage. Thus Christ speaks of Moses' testimony "at the
bush," that is, in the passage concerning the bush. So Paul re-
fers to a well-known passage descriptive of the idolatry of Israel,
evidently with the whole of it in mind, by quoting the last verse
of the original account, — "Neither be ye idolaters, as were
some of them, as it is written, The people sat down to eat and
drink, and rose up to play" (i Cor. x, 7) ; so apparently is it
in this reference to the sacrifice of Isaac. But is this type
marked in the original account ? Not to speak of the pecu-
liarity of the phraseology, •* Thou hast not withheld thy son,

1876.] Tk* Types ef Seriptitre. 523

thine only sonl' — observe the repetition of this languaga It
occurs in both the twelfth and the sixteenth verse of the twenty-
second chapter of Genesis. The apostle in Galatians (iii, 19)
declares Moses to be a type of Christ as a mediator, and
once in Deuteronomy (v, 25-27) it is stated that Moses stood
between the Lord and the children of Israel, lest they should die.
The number of these coincidences — and more might easily
be cited — is sufficient to make us satisfied that here is some-
thing of value, something which maybe suggestive; but it
is difficult to believe that God would make use of a method so
mechanical as to indicate a type by the mention of it tmce.
This, certainly, would not be in accordance with His ordinary
methods. Even inspiration accommodates itself to the pecu-
liarities of the individual writer. Whatever God does is based
on reasons. What reason is there for indicating a type by two
mentions of it, and two only ? As a matter of fact, a more
careful examination shows us that types are frequently men-
tioned more than twice. In Matthew (xii, 40), Christ draws a
parallel and comparison between himself and Solomon, and
this we have seen to be the essence of a type. Now, in the
seventh chapter of 2 Samuel, the Lord three times makes a
promise to David concerning the permanence of his son's
kingdom. In the thirteenth verse He says, " I will slablish
the throne of his kingdom forever " ; and in the sixteenth verse,
" Thine house and thy kingdom shall be established forever
before thee," immediately adding, " Thy throne shall be estab-
lished forever." The passover is a type of Christ, as the
apostle declares in his Jirst Epistle to the Corinthians (v, 7).
But this sacrificial feast is mentioned directly or indirectly in
the Pentateuch, in not less than eight places. (Ex. xii, 1-5 1 ;
xiii, 3-10 ; xxiii, 14-19 ; xxxiv, 18-26 ; Lev. jtxiii, 4-14 ; Num.
ix, 1-14; xxviii, 16-25 ; Deut. xvi, 1-6.) This single (
enough to show that the mention of a type twice, and V
is not necessary to indicate that it is a type. The^
matter seems to be that when an incident is a type, \
sequence thrust forward into prominence, and is, J
marked by repetition. Generally, a double mention
is necessary to call attention to it, but sometimes il
importance that it may receive notice many times.

524 The Types of Scripture. [Oct

when we find an incident of Old Testament history mentioned
more than once, we shall do well to examine it further ; its
repetition indicates at least that it is specially important,
and its importance is likely to be due to the fact that it is a
type.

When the emery mine was discovered at Chester it was in
this wise : A learned man geologizing among the rocks found
a certain rare mineral. As soon as he saw it he exclaimed,
" There is emery here. Emery is almost always found in con-
nection with this mineral." So would it seem that we might
say in our study of the Bible, " Ah I here is a repetition : then
is there not here a type ? "

The other dictum of Bosanquet is that the chief types are gen--
erally indicated by accompanying hymns. ^ The same writer
brings up certain instances which are suggestive. The cross-
ing of the Red Sea, declared by the apostle to be a type of
baptism (i Cor. x, 12), was succeeded by the song of Moses.
(Ex. XV.) The march of Israel from Sinai to Canaan was cel-
ebrated in the sixty-eighth Psalm. The reign of the kings, a
modification of the theocracy which was typical of Christ's
administration of the divine government, was heralded by Han-
nah's song at the birth of him who was to inaugurate this king-
dom,— a song whose points of resemblance to Mary's Magnificat
is further suggestive of a type. Jonah's hymn after his escape
from the whale should also be noted.

Let me mention other cases not cited by Bosanquet. We
have spoken of Solomon as a type. The seventy-second
Psalm is devoted to celebrating his reign. In the Epistle to
the Hebrews the fact that the Jews failed to enter into their
rest through unbelief is referred to as a type. (Heb. iv.) This
event is mentioned in the ninety-fifth Psalm. Melchisedec,
who was a type, is mentioned in a Psalm. (Ps. ex.) Jacob's
dream was a type of Christ, for Christ declared to Nathaniel
(John i, 51), "Hereafter ye shall see heaven open, and the
angels of God ascending and descending upon the Son of
man." But when Jacob had seen the vision he burst out into a
hymn of praise, in words which have all the rhythm of Hebrew
poetry : —

^ Bosanquet on Interpretation, p. 255.

1876.] The Types of Scripture. 525

'' Surely the Lord is in this place
And I knew it not.
How dreadful is this place !
This is none other than the house of God
And this is the gate of heaven."

We know that David is a t)rpe from the many Messianic
Psalms which, through the transparent lens of his personality,
fling their rays to a focus on Christ

Not to cite further instances of the concurrence of hymns
and types, here surely are enough to command our respect for the
principle of Bosanquet It is, to say the least, quite possible
that this concurrence is not fortuitous, but that here, too, is a law
of revelation. And yet how shall we explain this law, and what
force shall we lay upon it ? A type is a g^nd prophecy of the
future, and the inspired writer who declares it will naturally
be in an exalted frame of mind. As he looks down the vista
of the future and sees the unfolding glories which are a devel-
opment from this present germ, his lofty joy finds fittest expres-
sion in psalm and song. It is for this reason that we may look
about us when we find in the Old Testament an outburst of
sacred poetry, to see if it be not prompted by some bright vision
of the future, set forth in type. Of course we cannot expect this
to be invariably true, nor must we suppose that all the poetry
of the Bible is suggested by a type : but often when we find the
one, we shall find the other; their concurrence is congruous
and to be anticipated.

The principle just advanced suggests another of still greater
value. It is this, — that when a historic event of the past is cited
by the prophets^ we may regard it as a type. This was an argu-
ment of the apostles when they referred to a type. Repeat-
edly did they quote from some prophet as a corroboration of
their interpretation. In the ninth chapter of the Epistle to the
Romans is an extended account of the typical relation of Esau
and Jacob to the Jewish and the Gentile churches, in which the
apostle strengthens his argument by quoting from Malachi.
(Rom. ix, 13.) So in Galatians (iv, 22-31) a similar use is
made of the children of Sarah and of Hagar, and again does the
apostle quote from the prophets. (Gal. iv, 27.) So in his preach-
ing at Antioch in Pisidia, Paul, referring to Christ as typified in

SICOND SSRIBS. — VOL. YUL Na 4. 3$

$26 Tks Types of Scr^iun. [Oct

David, quotes from the prophecies in the second and sixteenth
Psalms and fifty-fifth chapter of Isaiah. (Acts xiii, 33-35.)
Sodom and Gomorrah are declared by both Jude and Peter to
be typical of everlasting punishment (Jude vii ; 2 Pe. ii, 6.)
These cities are frequently referred to in the prophets as
instructive examples. (Ezek. xvi, 49^ 50 ; Amos iv, 1 1.)

Another rule for distinguishing a type is, that we may kmaw
that to be a type of which there is a prophecy which, on cuq
other basiSf cannot be fulfillecL Two or three startling fiil-
filments of prophecy are mentioned in Matthew. Christ's
flight into Egypt and return is said to have been a fulfil*
ment of Hosea's lang^uage concerning the exodus of Israel, —
"Out of Egypt have I called my son." (Matt ii, 15.) Then
the exodus of Israel must have been a type, otherwise there
was no fulfilment of prophecy in the case of Christ The
distress of the women of Bethlehem at Herod's slaughter
of their children is said to have been a fulfilment of the
words of Jeremiah, — ''In Ramahwas there a voice heard,
lamentation and weeping and great mourning, Rachel weep-
ing for her children, and would not be comforted because they
are not." But these words of the prophet refer to the rava-
ging of the land by Nebuchadnezzar. That incursion from
Babylon, then, was typical. This is the only ground on which
we can explain the prophetic Psalms, some of them referring
to David and some to Solomon, in language which cannot pos-
sibly be true concerning them. David and Solomon, then, must
be types. It is prophesied in Ezekiel (and that twice, it is inter-
esting to note) that David shall, in the future glory of Israel, be
a prince and a shepherd over them. Evidently the prophecy was
fulfilled when Christ, the antitype of David, appeared on earth.
It was prophesied that Elijah should come a second time.
Christ declared the prophecy to be fulfilled when John the
Baptist heralded the Messiah. Elijah, then, stood in typical
relation to John the Baptist

III. Thus much for hints as to the recognition of a type.
The next step is to interpret the types after we have discovered
them.

The resemblance between type and atUitype must be deep-seated;
in other words, we must find a homology, not merely an analogy.

1876,] The Types of Scripture. 527

It is the failure to make this distinction which has brought
typology into disrepute. A superficial likeness must not be
supposed to be typical. In zoology a superficial observer is
tempted to classify as typically alike animals which, though
alike outwardly, are radically different in structure. The whale,
for example, might be supposed to be a fish, because it has the
outward appearance, habits of life, and methods of progression
belonging to a fish ; but its interior organization is entirely
different, — it breathes by lungs and not by gills ; it gestates
and suckles its young : it is, therefore, a mammal and not a
fish. Thus must we reason concerning the types of Scripture.
We must be sure that there are deep-seated underlying prin-
ciples in type and antitype, controlling both. Let us take a
type, declared to be such in Scripture, and note the points of
resemblance between it and its antitype. Moses is declared,
both in the Acts of the Apostles (iii, 22-26) and in the Epistle
to the Hebrews (iii, 1-6), to be a type of Christ. What is the
likeness which. inspiration traces.? (1) Moses, like Christ, was
divinely appointed to his work; (2) he was a prophet, — that is,
he spoke with authority, for God, by a divine commission ;
(3) he was chosen from among the people of Israel, as inspi-
ration words it, " of his brethren " (so the genealogy of Christ,
in a direct Jewish line, is carefully traced ; and as if to remind
us of this type, it is declared that he was made like his breth-
ren,— Heb. ii, 17) ; and most especially (4) was Moses, like
Christ, a mediator between God and man. (Deut. xviii, 16, and
Gal. iii, 19, 20.) These points of likeness are, every one of
them, particularly the last, profound homologies. The analysis
of any type in Scripture would yield a similar result

To be sure, there may be, and we should expect there would
be, superficial resemblances, as well as those lying underneath.
Generally, animals that dart through the water by the aid of
fins are fish, and most animals that fly in the air are birds.
So where we discover an exterior likeness we may naturally
suppose a typical relationship ; but the proof of such rela-
tionship and our interpretation of the type must be based, not
on the trivial external coincidences, but on points of unity
lying deepest. For example, the brazen serpent was a type of
Christ. (John iii, 14.) In the type and antitype there are some

528 Tk4 Typa of Scripture. [Oct

noticeable points of external resemblance. As the serpent was
lifted up on a pole^ so was Christ on a cross ; as the Israelites
must turn their eyes to the serpent to live, so must we fix cor
attention on Christ : but these outward coincidences, while
striking, are nothing in comparison to others of a more fimda*
mental character, — as that the Israelites, like ourselves, were in
misery because of their sin ; that escape fix>m its punishment
was possible only through the brazen serpent, as to us through
Christ ; that the uplifted serpent and the crucified Christ were
the divine methods by which forgiveness was made possible ;
and that, in both cases, faith in the method divinely provided
was indispensable.

It follows as a corollary from the principle just mentioned
that like can only typify like. Some interpreters have ofifended
good taste and good sense by imagining that occurrences of
evil could typify occurrences of good. Samson in love with
the harlot Delilah has been claimed to be a type ci Christ's
love for the Gentile church.^ Jacob's course in treacherously
supplanting Esau has been thought to prefigure the way Christ
has supplanted sin. Absalom hanging firom the oak has been
regarded a type of Christ's crucifixion.' Such interpretations
shock our moral nature. To say the least, they verge on
blasphemy ; they are manifestly incongpruous ; and they cannot
be correct, because they violate the fundamental canon of in-
terpretation, — that between type and antitype, there must be
an identity of principle.

To be sure, there is such a thing as an antithetic type, where
the contrasts are more striking than the resemblances. Adam
bore such a relation to Christ, as the apostle in writing to the
Romans (v, 14) and to the Corinthians (i Cor. xv.) clearly
brings to view ; but even here the contrasts would be of no
value but for an underlying unity of likeness between them.
One would hardly consider the tortoise to be a vertebrate but
for the fact that, as he examines the under side of its broad
shell, he discovers there imbedded in the carapace the out-
line of a spinal column, which links it, though at an unspeak-
able distance, with the divine form of man. There is some

1 Quoted by Horne (Int i : 441) from Keach.

* Quoted 1^ Pro£ Miintcher, in Bib. Rep. 1S41, p. 9>

1876.] The Types of Scripture. 529

such likeness, with infinite di£ferences, between Adam and
Christ. The first man is of the earth, earthy ; the second man
is the Lord from heaven," (i Cor. xv, 47.)

It is to be said further, that repeatedly is the typical resem--
blance confined to only one pointy so that a character whose life
was very blameworthy, may in some one point of excellence
represent Christ. Thus Jonah was a type of Christ in his
resurrection from the whale, but not in the spirit which led
him to flee from the presence of the Lord.

But this is anticipating a principle which deserves a more
particular mention. A type should not be pressed to extremes.
It does not cover all parts of the antitype. No parable or met-
aphor can be interpreted in every part. Something must be
allowed for the filling in, the drapery of the figure, — something
for the unavoidable differences of the two objects. No human
being can correspond to Christ, except in certain outlines. I
have hanging in my chamber the old-fashioned silhouettes, such
as were taken long before the days of photographs, of ancestors
who passed from earth a generation since. As I look upon
those cold, black outlines, expressionless and scarcely suggestive
of one quality of excellence, I think to myself. How little do
these poor toys express of the manly strength and the feminine
sweetness of that husband and wife in their joyous youth!
Those silhouettes give me but one fact regarding them, namely,
the contour of the face and head. So is it with these old-time
types: they are like, and yet how sadly unlike the divine
Original. They tell us something of one or two characteristics
of the coming antitype, but nothing more, and that one or two
most imperfectly.

Another rule : We must ascertain the central and governing
idea of the type, and let all else be strictly conformed to that.

This principle holds true in our classifications of animal
typology. For example, if we wish to classify mammals, we find
that there are placentals and marsupials, giving birth to their
young in entirely different ways; then each of these great
divisions is subdivided, and zoologists teach us to distinguish
the animals in each division as carnivorous, insectivorous, her-
bivorous, arboreal, aquatic.^ We find a large class of cor-

1 Mivart on the Common Frog, p. 151.

1

530 71r Typn ^ Sa^imn. pkt

die mooMnt ve cstabfidi die bA dnt oftvo

to eat flesh or insects, or plants^ or Id live OQ tiees or m die wtfBL
After the sanie CtthioD, iriiea once ve have anccrtamed die prii^
cqde d coriespondence between type md antit^fpc; we awt
tnure the rdationsliips on that line^ One creat olqect, thoup ia
the interpretation of types most be to get at their fimdamcnlal
idea. What this is b shown in Scrqitnre in various wayi
Sometinies a verse <»- a catch-word in a passage is like thefladi
oi a dark lantern, showing the true meaning of die iriiole
symbolism. Thus, in the one hundred and tenth F^ahn is a
description of the Messiah's conquests. The metaphor b thai
ti war£ure and violence ; but that it b a peaceful conquest
appears, as a late commentat<»'caUs us to notice, by the sodden
turn in the last verse, ** He shall drink of the brook in the ways
therefore shall he lift up the head" ; that b to say, by humilia-
tion shall come glory.

Sometimes other parts of Scrqpture give us the dew to the
meaning of the type. Thus PauTs declaration that the rdation
of husband and wife b the relation of Christ and the churdi,
unlocks at once the sjrmbolbm of the Song of Solomon. Some-
times the context explains the central purpose of the type.
Who having read the account of Acban's sin and punishment
(Josh, vii) could go astray as to the meaning of the valley of
Achor, as used typically by the prophets (Isa. Izv, lo ; Ho&
ii, 15). Sometimes the very words are designedly instructive
as to the central truth set forth. Such b the valley of Baca,
or weeping, Joshua as a type of Jesus, Melchisedec, king of
righteousness. (Heb. vii, 2.)

IV. Some dangers in the use of types.

There is danger of using a type as a proof rather than an
illustration. To base a doctrine on a type argues a weakness
in what we seek to prove. When we are told that because
Abraham paid tithes to Melchisedec, therefore must we pay
tithes to Christ, we question the logic If the law of tithes be
in force to-day, it must be shown by some stronger argument
than an appeal to a type.

There is danger of giving to types an extravagant, fanciful^
and frivolous interpretation^ which will awaken ridicule or excite

1876.] The Types of Scripture. 531

disgust. When we are told, for example, that the burial of
Sarah in the cave of Machpelah teaches us that the possession
of the promised land is obtained only by death, and that the
purchase of the cave for four hundred shekels signifies the
many persecutions and tribulations of Christ and His church
before entering the kingdom of heaven,^ or that when Solo-
mon employed one hundred and fifty-three thousand strangers
to build the temple, thereby was signified the one hundred and
fifty-three Gentile nations into whose tongues the Bible has
been translated,^ we are amused, if not repelled, by the folly ;
we lose confidence in him who interprets so wildly, and are
tempted to say. If this be a specimen of typology, we will none
of it. The effect is precisely the same as that of the extrav-
agant interpretation of prophecy, such as the vagaries of the
Millerites and the discouraging and enervating theory of those
who believe that nothing can be done to stem the tide of
advancing corruption, but that the world can only be purified
by a second cataclysm, — interpretations which have prejudiced
serious-minded students against any attempt at understanding
prophecy.

There is danger of losing the practical advantages of the Bible
in an excessive fondness for typical interpretation. In search-
ing for the fulfilment of types, we leave the more important
parts of Scripture. Types have their place in God's Word, as
does illustration in style ; but as it is quite possible to become
so much interested in an illustration and to carry it out into
such fulness of detail as to forget the truth which it was
intended to illustrate, so is it quite possible to become so much
interested in tracing the superficial resemblances between the
Old Testament and the New as entirely to forget truths of
vastly greater value. The mint and anise and cummin absorb
our thought, and we have no time for the weightier matters
of the law.

Some minds find the same fascination in searching for types
as does a child in *a puzzle. They would study the Bible as a
book of riddles. They become absorbed in the fancied discov-
ery and ingenious explanation of numberless quirks and mys-
tic hints. Such a practice is not only derogatory to the Bible,

^ Bosanquet on Interpretation, pi 267, ^ Ibid, pi 261.

1

532 7%r Types of Saripimn. (Oct

it is detrimental to ourselves. We must keep oar feet om toU
ground It is easy, in attempting to walk across tlie sfipfoj
logs of extravagant typical interpietatioii, to grow dizzf ad
£gJl into bottomless aliases of error.

Perhaps the most noticeable evil of the abuse of tjpes k
the tending of the practice to umdermiMeemrftdtk im the vemdiji
ef Scripture. When we find one able and noted writer, wl»
has maintained his position in the ranks erf* tlie ortfaodoa;
affirming Christ's temptation to be simply an allegorical state-
ment of His mental struggles;^ another, of unquestioBci
soundness, impljfing that the demoniacal possessions of the
New Testament are not to be understood as literally true, bat
as a method of speech common among the Jews and adopted
by our Saviour and His disdjdes ;* and still another dergf-
man,' if we may trust new^iaper reporters, talking of "the
pmmbU of the garden of Eden and of the £dl of man,'* we
may well stand aghast These are successive blows strndL at
tiie inspiration of the Bible. Such views may not, in the
minds of those who eqiress Aem, be the outgrowth of extrav-
agance in typical illustration, but there can be no question diat
the latter is parent of the fmmer. From affirming that every
event, though historically true, has a hidden spiritual extrav-
agance, it is but a step to the advanced position that the spir-
itual significance is the only thing of importance, and that we
need not prove or believe that the narratives pregnant with this
latent meaning are literally &cts. Wherever, then, it is taught,
whether in seminary or pulpit, that we need prove nothing
more concerning the Bible than that it teaches correctly rv-
ligious truth, we are encouraging an all^orical system of
interpretation, and raising up from the stagnant pool of a fun-
damental error a pestiferous brood of Baurs and Strausse&
We cannot guard with too great care against any influence
which can lead to so radical an evil Therefore should we
sedulously throw the restraints of a sound judgment and a
wise exegesis around whatever practice of typical interpreta-
tion we may indulge in, else will our theology have a spiritual
rickets, the solid substance being wanting, and nothing but a
gelatinous and flexible tissue remaining.

1 Bushneirs Christ and His Salyation, p. IlOw

s Farrar's Life of Christ, chap. 25. • H. W. Beecher.

1876.] The Types of Serif tun. 533

V. In spite of these dangers there are decided advantages
in the use of types.

Types give us a new interest in the Bible. They explain to
us the introduction of seemingly trivial incidents, the appar-
ently illogical order of certain passages, the otherwise needless
repetitions, the strange emphasis sometimes put on names, the
truthfulness of prophecy otherwise unfulfilled, the correctness of
language scarcely applicable to the type but most pertinent to
the antitype ; they set us on the search for truth where we had
not expected to find it The fact that the Bible has a multitude
of types which lie hidden, waiting our search, is a wonderful
stimulus to biblical study, just as the fact that precious metals
have been found near the mouth of the Merrimac has set every
one in that neighborhood on the qui vive for fresh discoveries.
If the valley of Jehoshaphat is a type of the judgment (Joel iii,
2), if Zerubbabel is a type of Christ (Zach. iv, 7-10), if Egypt
is a* type of the bondage of sin (Rev. xi, 8, etc.), surely
other things in God's Word are similarly significant, and we
are anxious to know what they are.

The fact of types links the Old Testament with the New and
connects the law with the gospel. There have been times in the
history of the church when the Old Testament was almost
forgotten. It is, as we know, a doctrine commonly held among
those who claim to represent liberality in religious thought that
the four Gospels alone are adapted to save men's souls, and that
acceptance of them and instruction in them, if not all-sufficient,
is chiefiy important. No one can hold a view so destructive
who sees in the Old Testament on every hand the truths
of the New, foreshadowed and outlined in typical characters
and events. The fact of t)rpes shows us that both parts of the
Bible are on the same plan, from the same mind, adapted to
the same needs ; it proves to us that the Old Testament can-
not become obsolete, but has in it a principle of universal
adaptation.

The doctrine of types brings Christ into wonderful promi-
nence and importance. Almost the whole typology of the Old
Testament points to Him. Abel typified Him, so did the ark,
the sacrifices, Melchisedec, the offering of Isaac, the ladder in
Jacob's dream, Joseph, the passover, the rock at Horeb, the

534 TXr Types ef Sar^imww. [Oct

manna, the brazen serpent. Mooes, the tabemadc^ die dMld-
nah, the priesthood, Joshoa, David, and Soioihon ; but tfiere ii
no end to the list, and we most make one. As we ^ht iq>
one and another oi these type% by showing dieir leferenoe
to Christ, the whcde (Md Testament, like some irast boHdiiqr OB

a gala night, whose every window is crowded mth flaming jcts»
stands oat in a Maze of illnmination ; from Genesis to Mabrhi
it is an Christ

The existence of types in Scripture is am mdded fmtf rf Ai
greatness and wisdom ef God^ by revealing, as do the works
of nature. His sublime plan of maintaining unity in infinite
diversity. The doctrine, pn^)erly understood, links revdadoa
and science. It shows us that the same God has {danned
both, for the same underiying idea pervades both. Unques-
tionably, the study of any science may hdp us to worship God,
as it reveals to us a divine will manifiesting itsdf in the
universal control of established prindides. In astronon^, for
instance, the same coitrifugal and coitripetal fences everywhere
prevailing ; the same elementary substances eveiywheie exist-
ing ; the same arrangement of solar systems, plants, and plan-
etary satellites, whirling together in elliptical orlnts adKMit
central suns ; the interdependence of systems, together making
the circuit of the heavens at inconceivable distances around
some unknown centre, — these facts, evincing a single power, a
single plan, a single mind, in short, a God who has the tiller-
ropes of the universe in His hands, give tremendous emphasis
to the declaration of the poet, —

^ The andevoat astronomer is nuui ! "

There is a plan no less discoverable in Scripture, — a unity
of life everywhere manifest, whether we are in Genesis or Rev-
elation. The same principles of existence, the same laws of
life come up again and again, in ever new forms. The £u:t
cannot but excite our hearts to worship.

The fact of types in Scripture illustrates Goits prophetic
knowledge, and in so doing strengthens our trusL When type
and prophecy are fulfilled, then we see that God knew firom the
beginning, and that whatever has occurred was ordered and con-
trolled by Him. Seeing through their fulfilment that human

1876.] Th$ Types of Scripture. 535

life has moved on steadily from the earliest days under God's
hand, a new feeling of confidence springs up in our hearts.

Independent of their fulfilment, the types of Scripture do in
themselves convey instruction. Doubtless they did this, to no
small extent, to those of ancient time, though their value is not
lessened if we grant, as we must, that their significance was
often unknown by those who lived among them or were part of
them. In the earlier ages men were accustomed to the expres-
sion of thought by symbols and typical actions. The Jews
knew that they bore a peculiar relation to God, and were antici-
pating in one of their own number the coming Messiah. Their
knowledge did not come in definite expressions, but was con-
veyed to them by impressions, just as we have one feeling
when the rain drenches the day, another when the wind blows
freshly from the salt sea, another on a winter morning when
the air is surcharged with electricity. Something such, proba-
bly, was the effect of types on those of early days. They
did not always know precisely what these meant, but the
impressions produced on them were much the same as definite
knowledge brings to us ; and yet they did have some distinct
perceptions of the meaning of types. They knew that Moses
was a type of the Messiah (Deut. v, 15), so also Melchisedec
(Ps. ex, 4), David (Ezek. xxxvii, 24), and Joshua, the high priest
(Zech. iii); that the events in the valley of Achor (Hos. ii,
15) and in Sodom and Gomorrah (Jer. xx, 16 ; 1, 40) were
typical of the punishment of sin. Christ Himself declares that
He was so plainly revealed throughout the Old Testament
Scriptures that the Jews had no excuse for not understanding
their meaning, and, through them, recognizing Him as the
promised Messiah. (John v, 36, 46 ; Luke xxiv, 27, 44.)

If, in the types of Scripture, there was instruction for those
of the Old Testament, how much more for us in these days,
when not only the passover but innumerable other types
are " fulfilled in the kingdom of God " I (Luke xxii, 16.) There
are in general the same advantages in instruction by types as
by parables ; there is the test of a teachable disposition, the
awakening of interest, the illustration of truth, the confirma-
tion by analogy, the preparation for a fuller revelation, the
sowing of truth-germs, the fixing of doctrine in the memory.

5)6 71m T^fpfi ^ Sarifimrm. (Oct

la iIk oompBraon of type snd utttypCy ipc gain a. dew
undersmdn^ oT tbe tradiiriydi both aetfinth; thqrtliiiQV
■ratnmg^t ifMA cadi olliec. Jast as the adentist, comparing
imd lioaes vidi tinae of fiviag aaimaK gaina new knowk^p
astotlie pha apMch aaggutod and alaqied cadi, ao does die
s(tadeat of tlie Bible, a arieatiit binisrif, oompare type and
antitype of Soriptnre tOl the whole wondimia plan of God
glands ont befare bha.

One nore advantage k plaiB, and that b that tfis# li^ i!«^

$im sfinimaJU fwmm daf adUol aaar cr U Ami wUdk is t^ mm.
Oar tendencies aneaB earthwaid. God des^na tint aD nitaie
and bistorf sboold speak to as of Hinu This is die lessoa of
types: they dBrettasfrom fiaas to aabstano^ from die event

T1iet3ppeswe have been ooasaderiag aie not die only tjrpei
01 which the Siiiptafe audkes aseatMHs. Tim wtw ^b^0h
jatfaa » fffrnf aa Asv alaa JiraU K Fnd was a Qfpe
(PIO. m, ly). and Timirtiy (I TiHL iv. ») and Tltns (Titm S^
aaaiewe. This fife of a Chrisliaa here on earth is a ^fpe of
die hesTea to coaac It is a aaost ialeiesli^g and rigaifiraal
fret diat as the c^xsdnf: of God\ book is crowded foil of types,
— for lAiere aie more ia die Itetaleoch dian in all die rest of
die OM Testunent. — so is its dose. Tbeintrodnctofy enia
die bistorr of Gi^dTs charch is heralded widi great richness of
trpcAog^. and dxa are the ^rpes less and less firoqnent, tiB. as
God clc«» His re^prhriiwis by poiatii^ fat an instant to the
grei: transitional period which awaits His daach. He in&alffs
the chiiagemsd its ia^portanoe by the aai^gnttoent syBbolsaBd
types of die Ajjocairpfie. Asthehistonrof thecharehoneaitfc
draws to its cioreu the woads of onfiaarr fauagaase »id phia
descnpckai are iaadeqaaicu and the aaajiiied writer, ia a bant
of enthassasait breaks ferth iirtn ■■^(■iij, and by types of
smpassii^ power* bmldnrw^ »id variety, gives as a gljiafwr —
far while on earth we caa hope for nothing snore — of te
Tories of the hereafter

1876.] What Congregationalism has Accomplished. 537

WHAT CONGREGATIONALISM HAS ACCOMPLISHED

DURING THE PAST CENTURY.*

The relations of Congregationalism to our colonial history
and to the shaping of our national institutions have frequently
been made the theme of discourse, and with them we may ^
be presumed to be familiar. Our national historian tells us
that " John Calvin, by birth a Frenchman, was to France the
apostle of the Reformation ; but his faith had ever been feared
as the creed of republicanism." * Edward Randolph, who, as
agent of Charles II, endeavored to destroy the liberties of
the colonists, complained of the independence exercised in
the government of Massachusetts as ''one chief occasion
of the many mutinies and distractions in other of his majesty's
foreign plantations"; and seeing that this independence
resulted chiefly from the Congregational polity of the churches,
he undertook to secure a change in the ministry, sending
to England for men who would labor to establish here a differ-
ent form of church government The first political text-books
used by the statesmen who founded the republic were written
by ministers as an exposition or defence of the Congregational
polity of the churches. From our earliest history to the pres-
ent time our New England churches have been the warmest
supporters of our government

Mindful of the specific theme assigned me, I shall confine
my observations to the present century. In fact, within these
limitations the theme is so vast as to be embarrassing. To
give the details is impossible ; to indulge only in general state-
ments is unsatisfactory. On such a theme generalities would
not be instructive, nor could they be characterized as " glitter-
ing." A hundred years, which the memory of no living man
can compass, — a hundred years in this fast age is more than
a thousand years when the pyramids were built.

Emerson tells us that " the poet never plants his foot except
on a mountain peak." It is only the prominent points in the
century which we can touch to-day : the deep, the beautiful

^ Read before the Alumni of Andover Seminary, June 28, 1876.
' Bancroft, VoL II, p. 174.

:. ■— TniT'» ^i :
fc*-. ant m* -ti^ -ant at :

Comcast, ins saprc rann^ iFiififiijmnig -T»i»bi.j ^^ mfinia :

)b»is« V^ 'A-T eulocf ^Kr IsC bllt fc— «™* f i«^ ■pw'ii

A-t toe oma rat .iicf 'inr tt t£ Ae leiBiBj '^■^it' ^vsc ib aS,

ffyw liM^t art ^kbC /J/w^- Tie" Aese »as a^ lAiK^'to
cy«r/ l,7-79 w 1,800 acnus : bow theic ii a dHrih ^ erar

1876.] Wkat Congregationalism has Accomplished. 539

The complaint is sometimes made that there are too many
churches in our land. The foregoing figures furnish the
presumption that the fault, if there be one, does not lie at our
door. We have not increased our churches as the population
has increased ; in the swift competition we have yielded the
track to others. So true is this that the only question for us
to consider respecting our own course is, whether we have
been faithful to our trust ?

We have met with great losses.

In the Unitarian defection 96 churches in Massachusetts
were separated from our fellowship, and 30 additional parishes
excluded evangelical preaching from their pulpits.^ Thus there
was a loss to our denomination of 126 houses of worship,
which, with the parish and church funds, involved a loss to us
of not less than 1(750,000. At that period this was a heavier
blow to our denomination than these figures indicate to us who
are now familiar with larger numbers and an inflated currency.
Moreover, these parishes were chiefly among the largest,
wealthiest, and most intellectual in the State.

Another heavy reduction of our forces resulted from the
" Plan of Union " between us and the Presbyterians, adopted
in 1801, which, in the language of the late Dr. Joseph S. Clark,
made provision that "Presbyterians and Congregationalists,
emigrating to the new settlements of the West, be encouraged
to foster a spirit of ' mutual forbearance and accommodation ' ;
that a Congregational church settling a Presbyterian minister,
or vice versa, may still ' conduct their discipline ' according to
their own ecclesiastical principles ; and that, in case the church
be of a mixed character, partly Presbyterian and partly Con-
gregational, they may ' choose a standing committee from the
communicants of said church ' to issue all cases of discipline
without consulting anybody else, but allowing the condemned
member to appeal, if he were a Presbyterian, to the Presbytery,
if a Congregationalist, to the church." *

In the practical working of this " Plan of Union," the ad-
vantage generally accrued to the party having the stronger
form of government. A Presbyterian minister presbyterian-

1 Dr. Clark's Congregational Church m Massachusetts, p. 27a
* Ibid. pp. 241-2.

nod his flodL The dmdics unwd oo the * Ffani of CJnioB *
were pot ** under care of Pkesbytay/' md the IV'ubjf teiy €uni
for diein! Tlras tamdreds of c1iucJk% oompooed diieA^rf
Coi^K^prtioiBJ deflMOfi^ bflve been ImiicJ wKWf fiom ov
ocNnnmiiioii.

If we woold nrtiiiMtr vlnt f^ Mig w|g Artw>ai;— > |yis accoih
plislied die bst hundred jrcais* ve most indnde more thai
aqppcars inside our denominationil fines. Tlie material which
we have famished die Presbyterians b not Id be viewed simpfy
as a loss to us. By means of diat material we have moalded»
in no small measure^ die IVesbyterian Chm[ch ; we have si^
plied diem not only with chnrdi-memben but also with minis-
ters When Dr. Lyman Beedier found that he was to be tried
lor heresy, he encouraged Congregational ministers to connect
themsdves with Presbytery, that by die introdoction of New
England elements his own position and that of men vdio were
in sjrmpatby with him might be strengdiened.

Tbe first rq;ularly ordained Presbyterian minisfeer m Nofdi
America ' was taken from Coi^regational stodc

A large i»iqx>rtion oi the ministers of die Presbyterian
Church at the present time are of New England birth. Not
less than two hundred and fifty of them have been educated
in a single New England college. Congregationalism has
furnished for the theological seminaries of the Presbyterian
Church more than a score of pnrfessors. Of the seven pro-
fessors now in the Union Theological Seminary, of New York,
five^ and among them the most prominent, were formerly pas-
tors of Congregational churches. Of the two hundred and fifty-
five Presbyterian ministers of whom Dr. Sprague gives a sketch
in his annals, fifty-three were bom in New England Many
of the leading men of the Assembly, such as SfM^ague and
Spring, among the honored dead ; Humphrey, the modeiatcx'
of the recent reunited body ; Hatfield, Steams, and March,
and others too numerous to mention, are men dL Congrega-
tional antecedents. We have, to a great extent, Congr^a-
tionalized the denomination. Practically, the Presbyterian
churches now settie and dismiss their own ministers without
being subject, as of old, to the authority of the session. The

* Rer. Jedediah Andrews, Pbfladdphia, i69ft-i747. Boni in Hinghaoiy llaaa.

1876.] Wkaf Congregationalism has Accomplished. 541

denomination may boast, if they will, of their peculiarities ;
but should their Scotch ancestr^ return to earth and enter
their assembly, the old heroes would hardly recognize them as
kith or kin. We can scarcely imagine their surprise when
they should learn that their old standards are now received
only "for substance." What would be their dismay when
attending a church meeting to see women voting ! Congrega-
tionalists generally do not favor women's voting, even in eccle-
siastical affairs, or addressing promiscuous assemblies. It is
claimed by some that in certain lines the Presbyterians are
more radical and revolutionary than the Congreg^tionalists.
We do not care to be responsible for all their faults, but we do
think we can claim no small measure of credit for their true
progress and enlightenment.

We have furnished elements for other denominations as well.
Mr. Bancroft, in his history, first published in 1837, testified that
at that recent date the Puritans of New England were " the
parents of one third of the whole white population of the United
States."^ Who believes that there would have been a lay
delegation at the present time in the Methodist Episcopal Con-
ference had it not been for Congregational blood in that church,
and the influence of Congregational principles ?

Even an Episcopal rector on the Pacific coast, referring to
the spirit of liberty pervading his church, recently declared,
'' My church is not Episcopalian : it is Congregational; for even
the women will do as they please in spite of me."

We have not kept all our flock within our own fold, but those
who have gone out from us still bear our mark. It is no slight
honor to have moulded the institutions of our land and the
character of the people. Why we have not retained our hold as
a denomination upon a larger portion of our population, — why
we have not grown as rapidly as other denominations, is an
interesting subject of investigation. The explanation is not
found, as it seems to me, in the suggestion of a scholarly writer,
of broad-church sympathies, who ascribes it to a " wide-spread
reaction against the whole dogmatic apprehension of Chris-
tianity."* The Baptists have retained their Calvinism, and

1 Vol I, p. 468.

' Prof. J. Lb Diman, North American Review, January, 1876, p. 24.

tKCOND SERIKS. — VOU VIIL NO. 4, 36

542 Wkai Congregationalism has Accomplished. [Oct

yet, as a denomination, have made rapid strides. The Presby-
terians boast of their '' precise dogmatic system,^ and yet have
vastly increased their numbers and their power. If we have
made comparatively slow progress the explanation is to be found
rather in such considerations as the following : —

(i.) Because, with a high-church assumption, we have theo-
retically taken the ground that our churches are churches of
Christ, and do not belong to a denomination.

(2.) Because we have practically failed to appreciate and
commend our church polity.

(3.) Because, in our extreme catholicity and excessive gen-
erosity, we have spent our strength in building up other denom-
inations.

The work which we have done outside of our own lines is
a noble one ; yet we cannot but feel that a still nobler work
would have been wrought had we imitated the priests of ancient
Israel, and built over against our own house.

We would not speak disparagingly of what has been accom-
plished within our own lines. Of the 700 churches in our
fellowship a century ago, 516 still remain on our list. To a
just apprehension of our work we must include in our view
the 325 churches and 76,cxx) church members which we have
gathered on the foreign field, while even at home we have
multiplied our churches five-fold.

II. The second point on which we will rest our foot is the
benevolent operations of the Congregati4)fialists.

In the latter part of the eighteenth century a few local soci-
eties were formed with particular reference to the Christianizing
of the Indians. A "society for propagating the gospel in North
America " originated on the other side of the water, and had
commissioners in this country. As early as June, 1762, these
commissioners sent Rev. Eli Forbes, of Brookfield, and Rev. Mr.
Rice, afterward of Westminster, with Mr. Elisha Gunn, of Mon-
tague, as interpreter, to the Indians of the Susquehannah Valley,
where, among the Tuscaroras, they " opened two schools, one for
adults and another for children, gathered a church, and admin-
istered special ordinances to them." ^ Mr. Forbes on his return

1 Sermon of Rev. Joseph I. Foot, Note w, p. 91, preached Nov. 27, 1828; re-
print, 1843.

I

1876.] Wiat CoHgregaticnalism Has Accompltshtd. 543

brought four Indian youths with him, whom he educated and
sent back to instruct their nation.^ " The Congregational Mis-
sionary Society in the counties of Berkshire, Mass., and Colum-
bia, N. Y,," was founded in 1798 ; the Connecticut Missionary
Society was organized the same year, and the Massachusetts
Missionary Society in 1799. These societies had for their
object the diffusion of " the knowledge of the gospel among
the heathens, as well as other people in the remote parts of
our country, where Christ is seldom or never preached."

The Hampshire Missionary Society was organized in 1 802, and
" The Massachusetts Society for promoting Christian Knowl-
edge" in 1803. The latter was for "the benevolent purpose
of promoting evangelical truth and piety : in the first place, by
a charitable distribution of religious books among poor and
pious Christians, and also among the inhabitants of new towns
and plantations ; and secondly, by supporting charity schools
and pious missionaries in places where the means of religious
instruction are sparingly enjoyed."

As early as January, 1803, the Brookfield Association con-
templated the formation of a missionary society in Worcester
County, In 1806 it was voted to attempt such an organization,
and this action resulted in the formation of a Society at Lan-
caster, in the fall of 1807, called "The Missionary Society in
the counties of Worcester and Middlesex." The control of
this Society soon fell into the hands of unevangelical men, and
this led the association which initiated it to withdraw from it
their sympathy and support

The Connecticut Bible Society was formed in May, and the
Massachusetts Bible Society in July in the year 1809 ; the
American Board was formed in 1810; and while all these move-
ments in behalf of the heathen and the destitute in distant por-
tions of our land were inaugurated and carried forward for a
period of more than fifty years, it was not until 1818 that the
" Domestic Missionary Society of Massachusetts Proper " was
formed " to assist needy churches, parishes, and waste places "
in the State, a work now familiarly known as Home Missions.

The decade from 1810 to 1820 was remarkable for the origin
of great benevolent movements. The Howard Benevolent

' Peter Whitney't Hiilocy of the Conn^ of Worcester, 1793, p. ?£.

[

544 Wkat C9»grtgaiumaliim has Accoimplisked. [OcL

Society of Boston was formed in 1812 ; the American Tract
Society, Boston, in 1814; the American Education Soddj
and the Massachusetts Peace Society, in 1815 ; the Amerioa
Bible Society, the Boston Female Jews Society, and the Bos-
ton Society for the Religious and Moral Instruction of Ac
Poor, now known as the Boston City Missionary Society, in
1S16; the American Colonization Society in 1817. Tbe
American Home Missionary Society was formed in 1826, and
the two Missionary Societies in Massachusetts, viz. " The Mas-
sachusetts Missionary Society," formed in 1799, and "Tbe
Domestic Missionary Society of Massachusetts Proper."
formed in 1818, were combined in 1827 as "The Massa-
chusetts Missionary Society," which was changed to the Mas-
sachusetts Home Missionary Society in 1844.

The American Tract Society, New York, was organized in
182s, and the American Peace Society and the American Sea-
men's Friend Society in 1828.

From the Foreign Evangelical Association of 1837, changed
to the Foreign Evangelical Society in 1839, the American Pro-
testant Society of 1843 and the Christian Alliance formed in
1843, 3 i^c* organization, under the name of the' American
and Foreign Christian Union, was formed in 1849.

The Society for the promotion of Collegiate and Theologi-
cal Education at the West was formed in 1843 ; the American
Congregational Union in 1853, and the Congregational Library
Association, now known as The American Congregational
Association, the same year.

It Would be impossible to name in such an address as
this all the minor organizations for benevolent work, or to
give a detailed account of such societies as have been named.
I shall restrict myself to a few general statements respecting
what are now known as the six co-operative societies engaged
in our denominational work.

([.) The American Board, the oldest of the six, formed in
1810, was originated by Congregational is ts, although the Pres-
byterian and the Dutch Reformed churches soon shared ia
its management Upon the division of the Presbyterian
Church in 1837, the old-school branch formed a separate
organization for missionary work ; and the Dutch Refoi

1876] H^t Cengregationalism has Accomplished, 545

Churches withdrew from the American Board in 1S57. When
the two branches of the Presbyterian Church reunited in
1870, the new-school churches withdrew, leaving the Ameri-
can Board to the Congregationalists. The receipts of the
Board have been ^15, 500,000. It has established 48 mis-
sions, sustained 1,600 missionaries, gathered 325 churches,
received 76,000 church members, given instruction to 400,000
pupils, and printed 1,420,000,000 pages for the promotion of its
gigantic work in seeking the conversion of the heathen world.

(2,) The American Education Society, organized in 1815,
and the Society for the Promotion of Collegiate and Theological
Education at the West, organized in 1843, were united as the
American College and Education Society in 1874. This So-
ciety, embracing both branches, has received about 13,000,000,
aided in preparing for the gospel ministry 6,300 young men,
and helped to endow 22 colleges or theological seminaries, —
a record of which any Society may well be proud.

(3.) The American Home Missionary Society was organ-
ized in 1826. The Presbyterians, the Associate Reformed,
and the Dutch Reformed were associated with us in the for-
mation and early management of this Society. The Associate
Reformed and Dutch Reformed soon retired without formal
action. The Presbyterians continued their co-Of)eration until
a portion of their churches commenced taking up contributions
for planting Presbyterian churches " in advance of all others,"
thus diminishing their contributions to our common treasury,
while still using our common treasury for the support of their
poor churches. The exposure of this practice brought the
subject of co-operation definitely to the consideration of the
Presbyterians, and in 1861 they withdrew from the organiza-
tion. The entire receipts of this Society have been over
$7,500,00007,621,071). Under its direction 3t,486 years of
ministerial service have been performed ; the gospel has been
preached in 43 States and Territories ; its missionaries have
organized 1,889 churches; ^^^ there have been added to the
churches which have received its aid 265,297 souls.

(4.) The Congregational Publishing Society came into ex-
istence through a tortuous course. The Congregationalists,
the Baptists, the Episcopalians, and the Methodists co-oper-

54^ What Cbngr^aHonalism has Aceott^Hskfd. [Oct

ated in the organization of the Massachusetts Sabbath Sdiool
Union, May 24, 1825, auxiliary to the American Sunday
School Union organized in Philadelphia the previous year.
The Episcopalians and the Methodists soon withdrew from
the Massachusetts Society, but the Baptists and the Caa.-
gregationalists continued to work together until 1832. On
the 30th of May of that year they made an amicable separation,
and the Society was dissolved. The next day the Congr^a-
tionalists formed the Massachusetts Sabbath School Society,
which, for a time at least, co-operated with the American Sun-
day School Union. The American Doctrinal Tract Society
was organized in 1829. Its name was changed in 1850 to
The Doctrinal Tract and Book Society, and fiulher changed
in 1854 to The Congregational Board of PublicatiorL This
Society united with the Massachusetts Sabbath School Society
in 1868, under the name of the Congregational Sabbath School
and Publishing Society, and the present name, The Congr^a-
tional Publishing Society, was assumed in 187a The receipts
of this Society for benevolent purposes, beginning with the
Massachusetts Sabbath School Society in 1832, and not in-
cluding what was given to the Doctrinal Tract Society under
its various phases, previous to the union in 1 868, have amounted
to about j[ 50,000.

(5.} The American Missionary Association was formed
Sept 3, 1846. It soon combined in itself four elements or
pre-existing organizations, (i.) The Amistad Committee,
which had in charge the interests of the Amistad captives.
(2.) The Union Missionary Society, organized in Hartford,
Conn., and having an anti-slavery aim. (3.) A committee for
West India Missions, formed in 1844, to sustain some mission*
aries from Oberlin, who had attempted a self-supporting mis-
sion ; and (4.) The Western Evangelical Missionary Sode^,
formed in 1843 by an association in Ohio to prosecute mis-
sionary operations among the Indians of the West The asso-
ciation has devoted itself to both the foreign and the home
field. It has had 9 missions abroad. It had at one time 29
stations and 70 foreign missionaries, 18 churches, with 1,500 -
members. It had also at one time 112 home missionaries, and '•
145 churches, with 5,223 members. It now devotes itself]

1876.] W^ Congregationalism has Accomplisked. 547

chiefly to the three despised races in this land, — the Negroes,
the Indians, and the Chinese. It has 56 churches at the
South, with 3,601 members. It gives great prominence to the
educational work among the freedmen. It has 7 chartered
institutions of learning and numerous schools. Its entire
receipts have exceeded four millions of dollars (14,148,832.53).

(6.) The American Congregational Union, the last of the
six, was organized in 1853. It commenced at once gathering
and publishing the statistics of the denomination, and now
issues them annually in a form and with a completeness which
invite comparison with those of any other denomination. The
Union was the result of the Albany convention of 1852, and
including the fund raised by that convention for church build-
ing and the forefathers' fund gathered in 1856, the receipts of
the Union have been $791,185.21 ; 931 churches have been
aided in the erection of houses of worship ; 959 houses have
been builded or restored. The amount paid to the churches
is $633,091.70 ; the amount paid for parsonages, $778.35 ; and
the amount paid for pastors' libraries, $3,201,83.

The entire receipts of these six denominational societies
have been over $31,000,000. It may be suggested that a por-
tion of this money has been contributed by members of other
denominations, and hence that these entire receipts cannot be
reckoned as the work of Congregationalists. This is true ;
but on the other hand it is to be considered that what has
been contributed outside of our denominational lines has come
principally from Presbyterians, a la^ge part of whom were of
Congregational origin. Since we have given to Presbyterian-
ism the men, it is a slight thing for us to be allowed the credit
of what they have contributed through channels which are now
in our hands On the other hand we have contributed large
sums to aid the Presbyterians ; we gave thousands of dollars
to furnish a library for Lane Seminary, and contributed $10,-
000 at one time to build houses of worship for the Presbyte-
rians in Missouri.

Again, I have made no note of the large sums which we
Ifbave contributed to organizations which continue to be of a
bunion chan^a|B|||iiHilfe^fitbIe Socie^, the Tract Society,

L numerous to

548 Wkat Congrq^aHonalism has Accomplish^ [Oct

name. So thoroughly have we entered into benevolent work
in all its ramifications, that it is impossible to separate what
we have done from what has been done by others, and estab-
lish a distinctive claim to it

In a review of the benevolent work of the century in its
relations to Congregationalism, we find some very remarkable
things : —

First. The most of the great religious and benevolent move-
ments of the age originated with us.

Second. After we commenced the organization of benevo-
lent societies, for more than fifty years we never organized one
under a Congregational name, or on a distinctively denomina-
tional basis. The American Congregational Union, organized
in 1853, was the first denominational Society which we ever
formed.

Third. We never withdrew from a union Society, except in
the case of the American and Foreign Christian Union, and
then only on the ground of its mal-administration.

Fourth. Of the six co-operative Congregational Societies
which we now sustain, five were originally union societies, and
were made denominational only by the withdrawal of other
denominations from them. Four of them still retain an unde-
nominational name. We are not schismatics. If we work by
ourselves, it is because others have left us to work alone.

Fifth. We have a smaller number of denominational ob-
jects for which we make annual appeals to the churches than
any other of the great evangelical denominations of Christians.
While we have six, the Baptists have seven, the Methodists
eight, the Presbyterians eight, and the Episcopalians nine.

Sixth. We are the only denomination which embraces
union societies on the schedule on which we make our annual
returns of benevolent contributions. The Methodists report
what they contribute to the Bible Society. Other denomina-
tions have a column for miscellaneous charities ; but many of
our State bodies still give prominence, or at least specific
mention of contributions to union societies.

Other denominations have learned that they can work most
efficiently within denominational lines. Hence, to do so is not
necessarily schismatic, but only an adroit adaptation of means

1876.] Wiai Congregationalism has Aeeomplisked. 549

to ends. We commend their efficiescy, should we not emu-
late their skill?

But, waiving the question of modes and methods, we have,
during the past century, accomplished a work in the planting
of Christian institutions, in the extension of Christian influ-
ences, which we may review with satisfaction, and with grati-
tude to Him who is the Giver of faith and the Author, in us, of
every benevolent purpose, and through whose gracious aid our
efforts are crowned with success.

III. The third point of observation is, the agemy of Con-
gregationalists in moral reforms.

Of the various branches of reform I will notice but two, viz.
temperance and anti-slavery. The evils of intemperance have
not escaped notice from the days of Lot down to modem
times. The first efforts at reform in this century were not
very radical. A Society was organized at Moreau, New York,
in 1808, the members of which pledged themselves not to
drink " rum, gin, whiskey, wine, or any distilled spirits, or com-
positions of the same," except in cases of sickness, and " at
public dinners." This was as accommodating as the pledge of
a Society in Yale College, in 1840, which excluded the use of
all drinks which had more than six per cent of alcohol in them,
and was designed to allow the members to indulge in the fes-
tivities of the political campaign, in which " coon-skins and hard
cider " bore so conspicuous a part. The Rev. Thomas Snell,
of North Brookfield, Mass., preached a foreign missionary
sermon, in 1812, in which he suggested that his people should
drink less liquor, and from what they thus saved make a con-
tribution to the missionary cause, and he accompanied the
suggestion with the agreement to save from his own liquor
bill the next year the sum of three dollars. He afterwards be-
came a stanch temperance man. The Massachusetts Society
for the suppression of intemperance was organized in Boston
in 1813, It was a temperance, but not a total abstinence
society. Dr. Lyman Beecher preached his famous six ser-
mons on temperance in the winter of 1825-26. Rev. Dr.
Hewitt, of Bridgeport, Conn., early appeared as a temperance
advocate. Rev. Dr. Justin Edwards, of this seminary, will be
remembered for his prominence in the temperance cai^e. In

550 Wiat Congregationalism has Accomplished. [Oct

1825 he united with Rev. Dr. Woods, and fourteen others, m
forming in Boston " The American Society for the Promotion
of Temperance." In the following year "The American
Temperance Union " was organized in tibe same city, — where
else could a temperance movement be expected to originate ?
I cannot dwell longer on this theme, having said enough
already to indicate the relation of the Congjegationalists to
the inauguration of this great moral enterprise.

On the subject of slavery a fuller treatment seems necessary.
It was in 1776, just a hundred years ago, that Rev. Samuel
Hopkins published his Dialogue showing it to be the Duty and
Interest of the American States to Emancipate all their African
Slaves. Societies were organized in several of the States from
1775 to the close of the eighteenth century, having for their
object the gradual abolition of slavery, which exerted a strong
influence in securing the extinction of slavery in several of
the Northern States. The friends of liberty made a stout
resistance to the admission of Missouri, as a slave State, in
18 19 and 1820. In the article on ''Slavery" in the American
Cyclopcedia, now in course of publication, it is stated that ** the
Missouri conflict was followed by a period of profound repose
in regard to the whole subject. The publication, by Benjamin
Lundy, a Quaker, of a small journal at Baltimore, entitled
Genius of Universal Emancipation^ was almost the only visible
sign of opposition to slavery until William Lloyd Garrison
established The Liberator y in Boston, Jan. i, 183 1." This
statement accords with what is now a somewhat general im-
pression, but it is not altogether truthful When the Liber-
ator ^2& started the Colonization Society had been in existence
fourteen years, and quite extensively an anti-slavery sentiment
had been devoloped in the direction of its plans and purposes.
In the flrst volume of the Liberator (p. 121) we And the follow-
ing declaration : " In 1 826 the synod of Ohio held animated
discussion on a question which had been referred to the Gren-
eral Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, viz. 'Is the holding
of slaves man-stealing ? ' — in the affirmative of which a large
majority concurred." Here, on the authority of Mr. Garrison's
own organ, a large majority of a quite numerous body of cler-
gymen took the most thorough anti-slavery ground more than
four years before his Liberator haA being.

l8;6.] UTuit Congregationalism has Accomplished. 551

I have no disposition to deduct one iota from the credit due
Mr. Garrison as an anti-slavery agitator. He was among the
first to plant himself publicly on the theory of immediate
emancipation, and at once he became conspicuous. As a
debater he had remarkable powers, and bis editorials were
arousing ; in the battle-cry of freedom, distinct and promi-
nent were his bugle-blasts.

The Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society was formed in
Boston, Jan i, 1832, and the American Anti-Slavery Society
was formed in Philadelphia, Dec. 4, 1833. In less than five
years the American Anti-Slavery Society had 1,350 auxiliary
societies, embracing State societies in every free State in the
Union except Indiana and New Jersey, and its total receipts
reached 1125,00a

Notwithstanding this rapid progress Mr. Garrison became
impatient, and struck for reforms more radical in their charac-
ter. As early as July 4, 1837, in an address delivered at Prov-
idence, he declared that he "stood forth in the spirit of
prophecy to proclaim in the ears of the people that our doom
as a nation is sealed," He added, " If history be not wholly
fabulous, if revelation be not a forgery, if God be not faithless
in the execution of His threatentngs, the doom is certain and
the interpretation thereof sure. The overthrow of the Amer-
ican confederacy is in the womb of events." He continued,
" The corruptions of the Ckurck, so called, are obviously more
deep and incurable than those of the State; and therefore the
Church, in spite of every precaution and safeguard, is first to be
dashed in pieces." •

Soon it became evident that Mr. Garrison and a few of his
compeers were bent on new reforms, viz. " Woman's Rights,"
" No Government," " Anti-Church," " Anti-Ministry," and
" Anti-Sabbath." As these " other reforms, standing alone
or on their own merits, could not get a hearing, or make any
general lodgment in the public mind,"* Mr. Garrison and his
sympathizers devised the plan of " sifting them in " upon the
anti-slavery reform.

Rev. Amos A Pbelp^^^^^^^^^^^iDteDcct, a more

iThetiue History of IhtUto I

552 Wkat QmgregatioHolism has Accomplished. [Oct

invincible power in logic than any other man who ever
devoted himself to the cause of the slave, to whom, in my
view, the anti-slavery cause in our land is under greater obli-
gations than to any man living, or almost any other nuo
among the honored dead, was the most prominent in discov-
ering and exposing this plot. In this Mr. Phelps was sus-
tained by others. Mr. Elizur Wright, Jr., now so well known
in financial circles, wrote to Rev. Mr. Phelps, Oct. 26, 1837,
" I have just received a letter from Garrison which confirms
my fears that he has finished his course for the slave. At any
rate, his plan of rescuing the slave by the destruction of human
laws is fatally conflictive with ours. Only one of them can
lead to any good result " '

The anti-slavery movement at the start &vored the use of
the elective franchise in behalf of the slave ; but in 1S38 the
Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society, under the lead of Mr.
Garrison, " was made to abandon its own original doctrines on
the subject of political action, and become subservient to the
promotion of the dogmas of non-governmentism." '

This led to a division in the anti-slavery ranks. The Mas-
sachusetts Abolition Society, under the lead of Mr. Phelps and
his associates, was formed in 1S39, and became auxiliary, not
to the old American, but to the new American and Foreign
Anti-Slavery Society.

From this time on, the Garrison party diminished in num-
bers and in influence ; and the anti-slavery cause was carried
forward, not under Mr, Garrison's lead, — not prominently
through his aid, — for in large measure he was a hinderance
rather than a help. He was wonderful for his power of vitu-
peration, and his philippics continued to serve medicinally as
an irritant ; but he prejudiced the minds of religious men
against the anti-slavery cause, while, the political ntovemeiii,
•which ultimately proved the successful one, ever after 1838 met
with his opposition.

It is a remarkable fact that Mr. Garrison has produced no
standard work on this subject. The American CyclopaJia,
enumerating thirty-seven important volumes on slavery, ia- .
chides in the catalogue nothing from his pen.

1876,] Wkat Congregationalism has Aecemplisktd, 553

If any one still claims that the Garrisonians were among
the moat efficient anti-slavery workers, so far as Congrega-
tionalism is concerned be it remembered that the leading
Garrisonians, Henry C, Wright, Parker Pillsbury, and Stephen
S. Foster, imbibed their anti-slavery sentiments, but not their
fanaticism, from Congregational sources, for they were origi-
nally Congregational ministers, or candidates for that office.

The only two men who were reckoned as martyrs in the
anti-slavery cause, Lovejoy and Torrey, were Congregational
ministers.

The representation is sometimes made that ministers were
particularly backward in the anti-stavery reform.

Mr. Oliver Johnson, in 1837, declared "The anti-slavery
car has rolled forward thus iss, not only without the aid, but
i^inst the combined influence of the ministers and churches
of the country." ' Now, what are the lacts in the case ? I
freely acknowledge that the church did not do its whole duty.
In our own denomination, the prominent ministers, particularly,
seemed to be unduly subject to commercial influences. Still,
the true picture, although it has dark shades, is luminous and
attractive.

Mr. Phelps made an investigation on this subject, and found
that while, taking the country together, there was, on an aver-
age, one minister to five hundred people, in the lariy anti-
slaveiy conventions of those who signed the call for the con-
ventions more than one third were ministers, and of the delegates
present, more than one fifth were ministers. Thus, in the
unpopular days of this reform, the ministers, while one to five
hundred in the ratio of population, were among prominent
anti-slavery men one to five. In 1837 there were, in Massa-
chusetts, 19,206 members of anti-slavery societies, or one in
thirty-six of the people. There were, at that time, seven hun-
dred and ninety-two ministers in the State, of all denomina-
tions, and nearly one half o{ them were members of anti-slavery
■ocieties. Of the fifty-six agents employed by the American
Anti-Slaveiy Socie^ prior to 1837, forty-three were ministers.
As a class, the ministers were not behind the people, but they
were leaders in this cause.

554 JVkai Congregationalism has Accomplisksd. [Oct

Calvin Cotton, who, if I mistake not, sometimes used tbe
signature of " Junius," in a political tract, testified, " Nearly
all the political abolitionists, and with scarcely an exceptioQ
all the abolition preachers, lecturers, and missionaries are rdi-
gious men. Religion, everywhere, is the high and holy sanc-
tion relied upon to enforce the doctrine."

The representation is sometimes made that the evangelical
ministers were more backward in this reform, in its early days,
than the so-called unevangelical ; but this too is erroneous.

In 1837, of the Orthodox Congregational ministry in Mas-
sachusetts more than one third were members of anti-slaveiy
societies, while of the Unitarian ministers there was only one
in eight. The Anti-Slavery Society in Amherst Collie in 1834
had 76 members, of whom 70 were professors of religion ; 30
of them had consecrated themselves to the foreign missionary
work, and 20 to home missionary service at the West.

In 1834 the trustees of Lane Seminary prohibited the open
discussion of slavery by the students, and four fifths of the
students withdrew from the institution. A number of them
became at once anti-slavery lecturers. Theodore D. Weld,
Henry B. Stanton, and Ichabod Codding went from State to
State, defending the rights of the slave. While Mr. Weld was
holding a series of meetings in Steubenville, Ohio, he noticed
a young lawyer in his audience, evening after evening, taking
notes. At the close of his last lecture the young man came for-
ward and introduced himself, remarking, " I came here resolved
to answer you, and have taken notes of every lecture, but you
have converted me." That young lawyer was Edwin M. Stan-
ton, and thus God raised up for Mr. Lincoln's administration a
fit Secretary of War. The breaking up of the classes in Lane
Seminary led to the organization of a theological department
at Oberlin, and in this great Christian reform Oberlin took an
early and prominent part Mr. Finney refused to become pres-
ident of the college unless colored students were allowed to
enjoy its privileges. The Hon. Salmon P. Chase was wont to
ascribe his elevation to the United States Senate to the influ-
ence ot Oberlin,

In the recent national conflict, which was, in fact, a conflict
between liberty and slavery, while the Episcopal Church, with

1876] W)iat Congregationa/ism has Aecomflished. 555

honorable exceptions, gave but feeble support to the govern-
ment, as was true in the Revolutionary struggle, (he Congre-
gational ministry and churches were almost without exception
patriotic. The late Gov. Washburn, of Vennont, whose official
duty during the war was to secure recruits for the army and
organize the military forces of the State, testified, a little before
his death, that he found the.churches all over the State rallying-
points of patriotism, and the ministers his most efficient helpers.

Just after the close of the war a minister in Michigan testi-
fied that there was not a pastor, acting pastor, or supply of any
Congregational church in the State who was not during the
war a zealous patriot. One of the Iowa band, as the first mis-
sionaries to that State were called, after having been in Iowa
twenty-five years, and having become extensively acquainted
with the people, declared that he did not know of a member of
a Congregational church in the State who was not during the
war a supporter of the administration. In ten great States of
the interior one fourth of all the adult male members of the
Congregational churches enlisted as soldiers in the army.'

In this centennial year, while we bless God that we have lived
to see our land an asylum for the oppressed and the home of
the free, we may rejoice that our churches and our ministry
have been among the most conspicuous in hastening the tri-
umph of the right, in ushering in the Jubilee.

IV. One point remains to be touched, — tke Theological
Crises through which the Congregationalists have passed.

There is no other denomination in our land which has given
such prominence to intellectual training and to doctrinal truth.
In the early history of Connecticut a law was passed providing
that no man should be entitled to recognition as a clergyman
" who was not a graduate of Yale or Harvard) or of some for-
eign university."

The Congregationalists founded a <)
before any other denomination in our I
first to establish a theological seminary, 1
it is said that he " spake boldly
suading the things concerning the kingdM
shown ourselves his worthy successors 1

556 Wbtf CoHgngatuaaUsm kas Aeeen^isktd. [Oct

IQ " disputing and persuading." The doctrinal crises through
which we have passed have been attended with incidental evils,
but on the whole they have resulted in great good ; they have
given definiteness and distinctness to our views.

(i.) Our controversy with the Unitarians served to fix the
limitations of our thought as to the Divine nature. We are
now careful to state that we do not use the word " Person" in
its relation to the Trinity in its ordinary sense, but rather in a
technical sense, — not as synonymous with being, but rather
to indicate a dtstinctioa which the Scriptures reveal but which
they do not analytically explain. We avoid the use of lan-
guage which would suggest a belief in three Gods, or expose
ua to the charge of believing that one is three and three are
one While rejecting the SabelUan idea of a modal Trini^,
a Trinity of mere manifestation, inadequate to explain the
representations of Scripture, we accept the triune nature of the
Godhead as a revealed fact, without attempting to decide
whether the Trinity pertains to the substance or only to the
attributes of the infinite Being whom we worship as the
Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost. Careful lest we seem to
know too much, we accept the scriptural teachings as a matter
of faith.

There has been one prolonged controversy, commencing
with Edwards in the middle of the last century, and ending a
century later with the accepted distinction between " The
Theology of the Intellect and the Theology of the Feelings."
At its varied phases we can give a glance only.

(2.) Edwards, in his Treatise en the Will, established us in
the faith that there is a Divine government which plans and
controls all events, securing in the realm of moral beings the
certainty of results without natural necessity, — a certainty
not inconsistent with freedom. He, as a theologian, discrimi-
nated between general justice and retributive justice, showing
how the former may be sustained while the latter is waived.

(3.) Samuel Hopkins, bom about a score of years later, de-
veloped the idea of responsibility as pertaining to character,
rather than to our nature in the strict sense of the wwd.
Then followed two men of opposite extremes, — !
Emmons, — each having his disciples.

ifiy6.] What Congregationalism has Aeeomplished. 557

(4.) Asa Burton, as leader in the advocacy of the " Taste
Scheme," made his theology accord with the poetry of
Watts : —

" So, on 3 tree divinely fair,
Grew the forbiddeo food ;
Our mother took the poison there.
And tainted all her blood."

(5.) Nathaniel Emmons, denying not only the moral charac-
ter of passive states, but also the permanency of any individual
choice, sought to limit our responsibility to a succession of
exercises.

(6.) Dr. Taylor and Dr. Tyler assumed antagonistic po-
sitions, and the old-school and new-school war was waged
with vigor.

The result of these contests is that a man is now recognized
as Orthodox, —

(i.) Whether he believes that God so foreordains all events
that they cannot be otherwise, or simply that He so foreordaios
them that they will not be otherwise.

(2.) Whether he believes that all virtue can be resolved into
benevolence, or that there are virtues which cannot be resolved
into this generic love of sentient being,

(3.) Whether he believes that we sinned in Adam's sin, or
only in consequence of it.

(4.) Whether he believes that we have by nature a sinful
tendency, or simply that we have a tendency to sin.

(5.) Whether he believes that we are responsible for afTec-
tions lying back of the will, or simply for that complex moral
act known as a choice.

(6.) Whether he believes in a moral state which determines
our choices, or in a predominant choice which determines our
moral state, or even in a succession of choices, the essential
uniformity of which gives fixedness to our moral character.

(7.) Whether he believes that our moral character is con-
genital, or that it begins at some indefinite period as soon as
a moral choice is possible.

(8.) Whether he believes that regeneration, as wrought by
! in the moral nature or only in
e cases of infants, a change

558 What Congregationalism has Accomplished. [Oct

in the balance of susceptibilities securing the development of
a right moral character.

(9.) Whether he believes that in the atonement, Christ
suffered the literal penalty of the violated law, or merely that
by His sufferings and death He so honored the law, as to open
the way for the forgiveness of sin.

(10.) Whether he believes that Christ's righteousness is
literally imputed to the redeemed, or that on the ground of His
atonement they are treated as righteous.

(11.) Whether he believes that without the Holy Spirit
man cannot come to Christ, or that he can but will not.

(12.) Whether he believes that sin is the necessary means
of the greatest good, or merely that it is incidental to that
moral system which is the necessary means of the greatest
good.

These are philosophical differences in respect to which, as
the result of our controversies, we have gained the largest
liberty. With these philosophical differences, the oneness of
our faith remains. We believe in a Divine Governor, revealed
as a Triune Being ; that He controls all events, and that He
sustains His law by infinite sanctions.

We believe that man, while possessed of amiable natural
virtues, is yet by nature entirely sinful, and as such is exposed
to the penalty of the Divine law.

We believe that through the vicarious sufferings and death
of Christ, man has the offer of pardon, and that the Holy
Spirit is sent into the world to renew and sanctify the soul ;
that, if man resists the Spirit and rejects the Saviour, he seals
his own doom, and if he yields and believes, he makes his
eternal salvation sure.

Call these doctrines Calvinistic, Edwardean, Scriptural, or
what you please, they are the doctrines of our denomination,
and they are in some respects distinctive.

The representation has been repeatedly made that the Na-
tional Council at Oberlin modified our doctrinal position as a
denomination, and put us on a simply evangelical basis.

The absurdity of this representation is seen in the fact that
the National Council has no authority whatsoever respecting
the doctrinal position of our churches. The doctrinal basis of

1876.] W^at Congregationalism has Accomplished. 559

the denomination is decided by the creeds of our local
churches. The churches never authorized their delegates to
the Council to modify in any way their doctrinal position, or
even to define it The Council was organized for Christian
work, and not for the control of our dogmatic faith. We are
told that the Council received into its membership a Kentucky
church which was avowedly formed on an undenominational
basis. This is true, but what does it prove ? Simply that the
Council was willing to have such a church unite with it in
Christian work* It was an exceptional case. It is ridiculous
to suppose that by the simple admission of a representation of
that church, the Council reduced the doctrinal standard of all
our churches to the level of that church. The apostle exhorts,
" Him that is weak in the faith, receive ye " ; but we are not
to suppose that he intended in this, that the church should
become weak in the faith, or that he imagined that by heeding
his exhortation the church would reduce its standard of faith
to that of the weak brother whom it received.

It is doubtless true that the feeble church in Kentucky,
which was represented by a brother who had heroically de-
fended the rights of the slave in the midst of persecution and
of peril, had nothing in its creed above the level of Armini-
anism, but it is preposterous to hold that by the simple recog-
nition of him as a Christian worker, and allowing him to unite
with the body, the Council, as " at one fell swoop," reduced
three thousand Congregational churches to the position of
Independent Methodists ; and yet there are churches being
organized at the West on this low standard, on the ground that
that Council fixed the denominational basis at that level ! It is
time that this matter were better understood. As a denomi-
nation, we believe in a God, the security of whose government
is not a merely incidental result of His foreknowledge, — A God
whose purposes are as far-reaching as the events in His realm.

From all the doctrinal contests through which we have passed
we have come out with a liberalized faith, but with the faith
of the fathers still, the faith once delivered to the saints. It
is not the minimum of truth which is essential to salvation, but
that glorious system of truths, which, in its consistency and
coherence, is as resplendent as the great white throne.

560 IVkat CmgregatiaHalism has AeeompOsk&L [Oct

As we survey our position at the close of the century, we
find some things which still need to be settled, or which, at
least, need a still further process of induration. I refer to two
points, the one having reference to doctrine and the other to
polity.

1, The doctrinal point involves two questions : —

First. Shall we continue to exclude from our communitHi
those who do not embrace the so-called evangelical doctrines ?

Second. Shall we receive only as exceptional cases those
who do not accept the characteristic creeds of our churches?

2. The point as to polity respects the rights and responsi-
bilities of the churches as to persons to whom, under the laws
of fellowship, they have given ministerial standing.

If we do not continue to exclude irom our communion those
who do not embrace the so^alled evangelical doctrines, if we
lower our standard and receive into our communion those who
do not accept the scriptural doctrine of the endless punishment
of the wicked, what will be the effect on the convictions of men
as to the evil of sin and the sanctions of law ? If we view
with favor a poetic and a mystical theory of the atonement
reducing it to a moral influence upon man, we leave the throne
without support and the lost soul without a ransom.

If we take from our creeds what is characteristic of us as a
denomination, or receive into our churches as a rule, and not
exceptionally, those who do not believe what is characteristic
of us, what have we as a rallying-point ? Do you say " We
will rally around the Cross " ? Are we so bigoted as not to
think that others do the same ? Does any one say " Let us
rally around our Congregationalism " ? I fear that, if asked,
What is Congregationalism ? such men would leave us a very
small point to rally around! If our Congregational churches
are to have vitality, permanency, and power, we must have a
characteristic doctrinal basis as well as a polity. Other denom-
inations have their rallying-points, distinct and conspicuous.
If we have none, these denominations will draw to themselves
those who can work together with harmony and enthusiasm,
and leave for us only such materials as David had in the cave
of AduUam. Does any one say " Let us take a broad plat-
form and stand forth as the Church of Christ, and ultimately

1876.1 W^t Cmgrega/iona/ism has Accamplishid. 561

the sects will all come to our standard " ? We can only say on
that theory, judging from present developments, the miUennium
is not very near.

As to the remaining point : If we give the right hand to a
minister can we ever take it back ? It hath been said that we
can, by withdrawing our band from the church which sustains
him. That mode of operation was devised when there were
no ministers except pastors of churches, and a man's ministe-
rial standing depended upon his pastorate. Now more than half
of our ministers are not pastors, and the majority of our ordi-
nations are ordinations of evangelists ; now a minister's stand-
ing does not depend upon his pastorate. Has Congregation-
alism any power of adaptation to the new circumstances ?
Must we continue to use our father's ox-team while all the
rest of the world are whistling by ? Thank God, not so long
as Andover is in the ascendant 1

From " Zion's hill " we have looked back and looked around.
In the retrospect we see abundant cause for thanksgiving.
From our present position we can gather hope as to the
future. As a denomination, we are possessed of the mission-
ary spirit ; we are identified with liberty, morality, and progress ;
we cherish intellectual culture, doctrinal truth, and practi-
cal godliness ; and though our sky be not cloudless we are
cheered by the remembrance of the words of Robert Hall,
" The vapors which gather roimd the rising sun and follow it in
its course seldom fail at the close of it to form a magnificent
theatre for its reception, and to invest with variegated tints
and with a softened effulgence the luminary which they can-
not hide."

C. C.

$62 David Baem. [Oct

DAVID BACON.

[ConlinHd frem pisafir, udmedadad-]

The meeting of the trustees, by customary adjoummeot &an
their annual meeting in September, was at the house of Dr.
Strong, Jan. 9, 1805, at ten o'clock, a. m. From the record we
learn that " the Rev. David Bacon appeared before the Board,
and gave a general statement of his late mission to the Indiani,
and of the expenses attending the same." Evidently the "gen-
eral statement " was drawn out into particulars and occujued
the day, for nothing more appears on the record, save the ad-
journment " to tomorrow morning, nine o'clock." The neS
day's record opens thus : —

"Thursdat, Jan. 10.

"Met urcording to adjoumment

" Voltd, That the payment, by the Committee of Accounts, of two orden
drawn on them by the Rev. David Bacon, at Detroit, the one for tiio
and the other for $50, be and the same is hereby sanctioned hj the Bond
as having been proper under existing circumstances.

" Vsttdt That the sum of $700 be granted to the Rev. David Baco^
which, wiih the sum of alwut S250 laid out by him in stock and fanniiq;
tools at MichilimackiDac, heretofore advanced for his support, is in fiilliv
his services as missiooary to the Indians, which sum of {700 shall be paid
to his future order or orders on the Society."

These votes might have been accepted as a sufficient vindi-
cation of the missionary. But the business was not yet concluded.
Mr. Bacon had been recalled, and virtually dismissed from the
service, in terms which had been understood by him and by
others as implying censure. Should he be honorably rein-
stated ? He was the bearer of a letter addressed to the trus-
tees by David Hudson, Esq., the founder of the town which
bears his name. Mr. Hudson, in behalf of the people there,
certified for Mr. Bacon that having become acquainted with
him, and " having enjoyed the ministration of the Word since
his coming among [them] from his lips," they had " an ardent
desire to live under his preaching." In the newness of their
settlement, they were " hardly able to do anything to support
the ministry," yet " with much unanimity " they had subscribed
an amount nearly equal to half the pay of a missionary,' and
> The Society paid its misaioimries ik a week. Hudson peopU had sabKtibn

1876.] David BacffH. 563

expected to subscribe more, for the purpose of employing him
in that settlement half the time, " provided he could any way be
employed and supported the other hal£" As Mr. Badger had
an ample field in the northeastern part of the county, and Mr,
Robhins in the southeastern, so they desired " that the labors
of Mr. Bacon might be continued in the western part" " I
hope," said Mr, Hudson, " that your Honorable Board will so
far co-operate with us as to continue Mr. Bacon for the one
half of the time in your service, as we are unable for the
present to support him wholly."

In view of that appeal, and of the letter from Messrs. Badger
and Robbins expressive of earnest desire for Mr. Bacon's return
to New Connecticut, the trustees could not well hesitate. The
proposed arrangement was consented to by the Board, and the
way was open for the missionary to go back with a cheerful
heart to his family and to his ministry in the woods.

Mr. Bacon had said to his wife, in his letter of Dec.
29, " I mean to set out for home as soon after the meeting of
the Board as possible." Cheerfully anticipating the result of
the meeting, he had " pretty much determined not to go back
on foot" He was " impatient to set out," and having men-
tioned his sleepless hours at night, he added, "If I could
know that my dear wife and the dear little ones are alive and
well, perhaps I should fall to sleep much sooner." He left
Hartford, Jan. 17, and arrived at Hudson, March 5, having
performed some missionary service on the way.

He immediately began his quasi pastoral work in Hudson,
occupying with his family a little hut of which I have a dim
remembrance, and which I think had been built for some other
use. His letters to the Society describe his missionary cir-
cuits, of which I give some specimens to show how such work
was done In those days. In his first excursion, of one week
only, he visited Warren, preaching there on the Sabbath, and
at Nelson, Mantua, and Aurora on other days. The second
was occasioned by a call from Austinburg, where his assistance
was desired in the adjustment of a church difficulty. Leaving
home on Friday,Jie preached in Cleveland on the Sabbalh,
and from
Badger had][

564 David Bacon, [Oct

nied by several members of the Austinburg church, to Green-
field, Pa., that he might assist Mr. Patterson in a sacramental
four-days' meeting of the Pennsylvania or Scotch-Irish sort
There he preached Saturday, Sunday, and Monday. Turn-
ing homeward, he preached at Conneaut on Friday, and
again on the Sabbath, having meanwhile preached on Satur-
day, at a place ten miles eastward, in Pennsylvania. For that
Sabbath service at Conneaut, he was " poorly able, having been
almost sick with a cold and violent cough for more than a
week " ; yet he proceeded to Austinburg the next day, and
then, on Tuesday, he and Mr. Robbins attended a church
meeting which had been called " to attend to the complaints of
four discontented members." On Thursday he preached at
Morgan. On Saturday, according to a previous arrangement,
Mr. Patterson, accompanied by several of his church members,
came to assist him and the Austinburg church in a sacramental
celebration, like that in which he had been assisted two weeks
before. In the services which followed, and which were at-
tended by " a large number of communicants " and " a very
numerous congregation," Mr. Bacon preached once on the
Sabbath, again on Monday ; and his report was, " It appeared
to me that there was more of the power of religion in that
church than in any other that I had ever been acquainted
with." Going homeward, he kept Sabbath at Cleveland, and
preached, as before, at the line between that town and Euclid*
to a congregation convened from both places. The next day he
arrived at Hudson.

Thus dividing the time between his parochial charge and
his missionary circuits, he became thoroughly acquainted with
the wants and with the possibilities and prospects of those new
settlements. Less than a year's experience convinced him
that more could be done for the establishment of Christian
institutions, and for the moral and religious welfare of the
Reserve as a whole, by one conspicuous example of a well-
organized and well-Christianized township, with all the best
arrangements and appliances of New England civilization,
than by many years of desultory effort in itinerant preaching.
The idea was not wholly new. Four years earlier Mr. Badger s
journal contains a record of his attending a consultation at

1876.] David Bacon. • 565

Rootstown " on the subject of forming a settlement in some
place so compact as to have schools and meetings."

There must have been in many minds a longing, more or less
distinct, after the old Puritan way of colonizing. Doubtless the
matter had been talked of between Mr. Badger and his two
fellow-missionaries. Mr. Bacon was a man more likely than
the others to seize upon such an idea, to brood upon it in his
thoughts, to shape it into a definite scheme, to picture to him-
self in strong colors the good that might be done by making
that Utopia a reality. While residing at Hudson, he had the
opportunity of observing what effect had already been produced
upon the character of that town by a few of its earliest settlers
from Litchfield County, and especially by the strong-minded
and great-hearted old Puritan whose name it perpetuates. He
would naturally form in his thoughts the idea of what Hudson
might have been in 1805, if in 1800 the ground had been
occupied by a religious colony strong enough and compact
enough to maintain schools and public worship, with a stated
ministry of the Word, as Hartford, Wethersfield, and Windsor
did in 1636. Being near what was then the western limit of
the progress of settlement in that region, he looked about him
for a vacant township in which such an attempt might be
made. Ten miles south from the centre of Hudson was the
centre of such a township, " No. 2 in the tenth Range." His
prophetic mind saw the exquisite capabilities of that five-miles
square, its fertile soil, its salubrious air, its beautifully undu-
lating surface, its pure and abundant water, its streams singing
in the grand old woods, and rich with power for the service of
man. He saw that the proprietorship of it was chiefly in the
hands of men who, as his trusting and hopeful nature led him
to believe, would enter into his views, and would even be will-
ing to sacrifice something of their possible gains (if need
should be) for so great a scheme of public usefulness as that
with which his mind was laboring.

Having determined to make the attempt, he relinquished
his prior engagements for the new enterprise. Leaving
Hudson with his family, Nov. 7, he passed two weeks at
Canfield, preaching and performing other missionary work,
his last in the service of the Society, and at the same time fin-

:iiL K i^uuifd

5pi9X ti-aDT.. ant al ^?in

fe;( wfjfCJi^XL 'X JsrSs3:i •nmnrif^ ^I'lig

fbaL be otmoQsijr rc^asedL iMBozvnl

lio:: I ave

1876.] David Bacon. ^67

seen is that necessity so well provided for as in Tallmadge.^
No observing stranger can pass through the town and not see
that it was planned by a sagacious and foreseeing mind. Vil-
lages and cities have often been delineated on paper before the
first house was built, and sometimes the aspirations of the
projector have been realized ; but I know not where else the
same sort of forethought has been expended in marking out
beforehand the highways that were to bind together in ties of
mutual dependence and intercourse the scattered dwellings of
an agricultural township. Public spirit, local pride, friendly
intercourse, general culture and good taste, and a certain moral
and religious steadfastness, are among the characteristics by
which Talimadge is almost proverbially distinguished through-
out the Western Reserve. Much of that character may be
referred to the forethought of the man whom its traditions
honor as its founder. The meeting-house at the geographical
centre, with the parsonage, the physicians* houses, the academy,
the country inn, and the mechanics' shops and dwellings around
the neighborhood, school-houses at the corners made by the
intersection of the parallel roads with the diagonals, the
attraction drawing all households, on the Sabbath, towards the
central place of worship where all the highways meet, the gen-
tle pressure of the bond of neighborhood, binding every family
to every other, — all this was in the mind of the projector when
he drew the plan, and was often on his lips while he was toiling
to achieve the reality.

It was fit that he who had planned the settlement, and who
bad identified with it all his hopes of usefulness for the re-
mainder of his life and all his hopes of a competence for his
family, should be the first settler in the township. He did not
wait for hardier adventurers to encounter the first hardships
and to break the loneliness of the woods. Selecting a tempo-
rary location near an old Indian trail, a few rods from the
southern boundary of the township, he built the first lone
cabin, and there he placed his family. I well remember the
pleasant day in July, 1807, when that family made its removal
from the centre of Hudson to a new log-house in a township

1 The town was so named by the early settlers from Col. Benjamin Talimadge,
of Litchfield, Conn., the most distinguished among the original proprietors.

'*r*' h^i 30 '"""^ smi bo uuu hwnmt bsL
■ji :be :n-Mm.i- at Gof s {

-t»!»r !*rtn" "'^^ riuit iK Qe ^BKBitu joy wi
ion -^i^ 'fiiu^ "tr-ff <BKs tba wc can

■tETCTthei

zig-L n- Jt nfmnw'ni ■■""•. 3> tzr the ca

SVnbAnL JF "n*f iirimirf.n SQCB^tll 01 3

T^ Ittie ins wze 3SB±<ia of thewtUen
xtSsioME nnauns' if asiBBitii^ the otiM

XK3BIIC ^K^s'V'StfL TULM. MW. »ith 3

ef »T .sr=£ ~ tr"r 1: ^ac jil.s«JL the fanU
-zfee ^r I "i;uL-ur» d' smncHUC Hess tbam
I Ttai ■±s: ^^ bcra est nuc mdc) tfaroa
=ie xnac cJearcd spot vten :aK iuuiuey
^soas. «tt!i «^i2t seemed to mc x scxc^ hi
J. "^T^ nruiet winding near ^te .Ixir. '
fr^; i=:~y worship was o^eret zz ihat
ti»e rw3 w.nh'.ppers for themselves and ti
tbe work which the)" had thai day besno,
that went up of old Irom the dec): oi th
beneath the wlDtr^' sky of PlriDoiith.

One month later a German &mily cami
the town ; but it was not till the next Fe
family came, a New England &mily. «
was English. Well do I remember the
winter, and how beautiful the change was
began to hang its garlands on the trees.

The next thing in carrying out the plan
had devoted himself was to bring in, from w
families as would enter into his views a.
nith him for the early and permanent estabi
order. It was at the expense of many a sic
to older settlements that he succeeded i
the families who, in the spring and summ

1876.] David Bacon. 569

call the new town their home. His repeated absences from
home are fresh in my memory, and so is the joy with which
we greeted the arrival of one family after another coming to
relieve our loneliness ; nor least among the memories of that
time is the remembrance of my mother's fear when left alone
with her three little children. She had not ceased to fear the
Indians, and sometimes a straggling savage, or a little company
of them, came by our door on the old Portage path, calling,
perhaps to try our hospitality, and with signs or broken Eng-
lish phrases asking for whiskey. She could not feel that to
** pull in the latch-string " was a sufficient exclusion of such
visitors ; and in my mind's eye I seem now to see her frail form
tugging at a heavy chest with which to barricade the door
before she dared to sleep. It was, indeed, a relief and joy to
feel at last that we had neighbors, and that our town was
beginning to be inhabited. At the end of the second year
from the commencement of the survey, there were, perhaps,
twelve families, and the town had received its name, " Tall-
madge."

Slowly the settlement of the town proceeded from 1807 to
18 10, — too slowly for the hopes, far too slowly for the personal
interest and pecuniary responsibilities of the founder. During
those three years emigration from Connecticut to the Reserve
was almost at a stand. The crimes of the first Bonaparte, who
was then ravaging Europe, had their effect even in that West-
ern wilderness, bringing disappointment and unexpected pov-
erty into the homes of the pioneer settlers. The embargo and
other non-intercourse measures by which the administration
of President Jefferson, whether wisely or wickedly, annihilated
for a time the foreign commerce that was so rapidly enriching
our country, produced a universal stagnation of business.
Property could no longer be converted into money. Men in
Connecticut who might have emigrated could not sell their
farms, and were compelled to wait for better times. What
money came into the Reserve in the early days was brought
on the current of emigration ; and the little that came was
continually returning, in payment for lands as well as for those
articles of necessity which the wilderness could not yield.
There was little buying and selling but by barter. Inevitably,

iMk^BAl

1876.] David Bacon. 571

necticut, the Rev. Asahel Hooker, of Goshen, had been dis-
missed from the church which he had guided for twenty years
with eminent success, his impaired health being unequal to the
severity of Litchfield County winters. Some of the Tallmadge
people, even in that day of small things, were bold enough to
think of obtaining Mr. Hooker for their pastor. A letter from
Mr. Bacon to Mr. Hooker, dated Aug. 11, 18 10, shows what
they were then thinking about in Tallmadge.

*^jRev, and Dear Sir, — After having been long afflicted in your afflictions
we rejoice to hear by Mr. Cowles that your health is so far recovered that
you are able to preach. I learn from him that it was your conclusion that
you would have to leave Goshen, as your health would not endure the
severity of the winters in that place or the labor of composing sermons.
On hearing this, I was led to hope that one of the designs of God in
afflicting you was to prepare the way for your removal to this place.
Though it would have seemed to be an act of cruelty to your people at
Goshen to have made such a proposal while you had it in your power to
serve them, and though such an event seemed very unlikely to take place,
yet I have been often led to think within these four years past, that should
it be so, I should rejoice in it as one of the happiest events to this church
and society that they could ever expect.

<* I learn, also, that it is probable you may have an opportunity to settle
at New Haven.^ That is doubtless a place where the senses and the
social feelings may be highly gratified, where the understanding may be
greatly improved and the heart made better, where children may be well
educated, and where a clergyman of your respectability may be genteelly
supported and be extensively useful. Notwithstanding, I should give it as
my opinion that it is best by far that you come here, —

^^ First, On account of your health. It is a fact that winters have been
much more severe at New Haven than at this place, though the latitude
is about the same. Sea breezes, I have been told, are unfavorable for peo-
ple of consumptive habits: it is rare that a person dies of consumption here.
Many weakly people and such as were inclining to a consumption have
emigrated from New England to this country, but though my acquaintance
has been extensive, I do not recollect one who has not been benefited if
not completely cured by the change of climate, except here and there one
who was worn out with age. But Dr. Wright, our beloved physician,
whose practice has been very extensive both in the eastern part of this
purchase^ and in this quarter, will give you sufficient information on this
head.

^ Secondly, As it respects your usefulness. Many may be found who

^ The first church in New Haven had been made vacant by the removal of its
pastor, Moses Stuart, to Andover.

^ The Reserve had been purchased from the State of Connecticut by the Conn«
Land Company.

572 David Bacon. [Oct

would be both nsefiil and acceptable to that people, whose miiids revohre
within' the narrow bounds where all things are made ready to their bands,
whose breasts were never fired with a holy ambition to preach the gospel
where Christ had not been named or in such parts of His territories as
are overrun by the enemy, who like to occupy the strongholds buflt bjr
their ancestors in the £!u:e of danger, but never aspire to the honor of
breaking through the ranks of the enemy to build more. That sode^is
formed, this is in the forming state. Should there be a few years' dehj
as to the settlement of a suitable minister there, it probably would not
materially affect that society, while such a delay would be likely to prove
£(ital to this. If that flock has no shepherd over it, it has many about it:
here it is not so. When I consider the immense importance of the objecb
contemplated in this plan of settlement, and when I consider that tlie
first minister and the people who first fill this township are to give it a
character, either good or bad, which will probably last for ages, I want the
wings of a dove and liberty to fly, till I have secured, as fiir as possible, its
highest interest Your settlement here would add another very important
inducement to those which already operate powerfully for bringing in the
best of settlers. Should I see you settled here soon, I should rejoice in
the high assurance which it would afford me that the grand object would
soon be accomplished. I might be tempted to boast as he that putteth off
his armor, but I think I should not relax my exertions till I had filled the
township with proper characters, nor even then ; for if you were here,
Sir, I should feel almost as certain of accomplishing the other important
object which I have had in view, — that of raising funds and establishing in
this place a seminary for the education of needy candidates for the minis-
try. I believe I conversed largely with you on the subject before I left
Connecticut. Esq. Wright seems as much determined about it as I am
myself. I mention his name because you know the man. My settlers
generally will exert themselves to the utmost to set the thing on foot
The way is now clear for us, as Burton Academy is not likely to succeed.
If our seminary were once established, with you at the head of it, I would
fear no want of funds. The General Association of Connecticut would
help us; no pious person of our denomination could withhold his mite.
Should you come and have an opportunity to officiate in both capacities, I
think you could not expect to be more useful in any part of the world.
Add to this the importance of your counsels and influence to the in£amt
churches in this country, who are as sheep without a shepherd ; add to this
the good to be done through the influence which this society shall have on
the inhabitants of other towns (situated around this as were the nations
around God's people of old) when they shall see the regularity, order, and
beauty which shall have been effected in this society in a great measure
through your instrumentality ; add to all this the great encouragement
which the success of the experiment would hold out to others to form other
new settlements on the same plan, — and then say if God does not call you
to ' come over into Macedonia and help us.'

18/6.] David Bacon. 573

^^ Fourthly y As it respects making a comfortable provision for your
family. I know something about the expense of supporting a family in
such places as New Haven, and I think you should not calculate on laying
up anything there. The property which would scarcely shelter you there,
if laid out here would soon rise into a good estate. It is my opinion that
if you come and lay out your property here, you will twice double it in a
few years. I shall sell centre lands low, according to what would be their
value without a college, and if the plan for that succeeds, the profits on
them [to purchasers] will doubtless be great But I calculate to have
you do still better ; for if you come on immediately, or between this and
next January, and officiate not less than three years, and purchase lands of
me to the amount of $1,000 as they are selling at the time you purchase,
I will give you $500 for my part of the settlement Esquire Wright told
me that if you would come, he would give you one hundred acres of land
that is now worth $300. Mr. Kilbourn told me that he would defray the
whole expense of moving you out. What others would do, I know not, as
I have not had time to call the church and society together. All I have
conversed with seemed very desirous that I should write by the first mail,
fearing you might be engaged if I delayed till next week.

*^ I think I never saw a better township of land than this. When im-
proved it will be very pleasant It seems likely to be as healthy as any
place in the world. It is remarkably supplied with excellent water, and
it abounds with mill-seats. It is so situated as to receiving travel, and as
to water carriage into the lakes and to New Orleans, that it will be a fav-
orable place for business. There are now in the township about thirty
families, a good physician, a merchant, mills, distillery, etc. We have
twenty-five persons who are professors of religion, but they have not all of
them joined the church as yet"

At the date of the foregoing letter, Mr. Bacon regarded him-
self as far more prosperous than he could have expected to be
had he foreseen the public calamities which had almost arrested
the stream of emigration from New England westward, apd
which had greatly embarrassed him in his relations to the
proprietors of the township. Two months earlier he had writ-
ten to his brother at Hartford a hopeful letter though confess-
ing some anxiety. " Sanguine as I was," he said, " I should
not have dared to undertake had I foreseen the turn of times
which was coming on ; but when enlisted, I should have failed
had I been otherwise. That persevering sanguinity which you
expected would (and which may yet) ruin me is what hath
saved me. So many, so great, and so various have been the
difficulties I have had to struggle with that had a succession

SECOND SERIES. — VOU VIIL NO. 4. 38

574 David Bacon. [Oct

of your prudent, cautious calculators been brought forward,
in my circumstances, to fill my place, scores, if not hundreds
of them would have given up before this, and come out bank-
rupt, and would have found themselves and their &milies in-
volved in perpetual wretchedness for this world, — and all for
want of David's ruining foible which makes it so dangerous
for his friends to afford him any assistance. But if it is true
that men of an opposite turn of mind would have done noth-
ing, it is also true that I should not have succeeded so far, if
it had not been that many peculiar instances of Providence,
counteracting the natural tendency of things, have favored my
designs. ... If I am prospered, I hope to be in Connecticut
within three or four months, and to make sale of the rest of
this township before I return* As the plan of settlement
makes it an object for good people to move in, as there are
twenty-six families in the township, etc., and as I can carry
with me vouchers sufficient to satisfy candid minds that it is
without exception the best township in the purchase and that
the remainder is as good as what has been sold, I think I can
find people enough who will be willing to purchase without
coming to view, and who will be able," etc. " I should hope that
the whole might be effected in six or eight months, hard as
times are at present Should I be prospered so far, I should
hope to have little more to do with the world than to try, with
others, to reform it."

His intended journey to Connecticut was not performed till
the next year. Meanwhile his relations to a part of the church
and society in Tallmadge had become increasingly painful
And that readers of this narrative may appreciate the cares
and sorrows that were crowding upon him and upon the loving
and delicate one who had already been his partner in so many
trials, it must be said that among the inhabitants whom his
invitations and persuasions had brought into the place, and
who had been his friends, — and among the members of the
church of which he was, by a provisional arrangement, the min-
ister,— some were in danger of losing both the land which
they had purchased of him and whatever partial payments they
had made to him, inasmuch as he had become, in those disas-
trous times, unable to fulfil his contract with the proprietors.

1 876.] David Ba -on. S 75

and so to obtain for them a valid title. It is not to be won-
dered at that some of them felt themselves wronged and were
ready to blame him. They did blame him, and there was pain-
ful alienation between him and them. That was the bitterest
ingredient in the cup which he and the partner of his sorrows
were, in those days, compelled to drink. Such was the com-
plication of troubles against which he struggled, hoping on
and hoping ever. He had friends in the place, kind friends,
true and faithful friends, who clung to him like brothers, and
whose affectionate confidence in him could not be shaken. To
their sympathy and kindness be left his wife and his five little
children, while he went to Connecticut in a last endeavor to
retrieve the fortunes of the enterprise in which he had embarked
all his hopes this side of heaven.

He set out from home on horseback, early in April. Most
of his letters to his wife, and of hers to him, during that separa-
tion of nearly a twelvemonth, have been preserved, and by their
aid I am able not only to recollect many particulars of our home
life that year, but also to trace the story of his journey and of
its results. Generally his letters were full of his characteristic
hopefulness. His first Sabbath was passed near the eastern
border of the Reserve, with a minister who had been under-
stood to be in some sort an abettor of the Tallmadge malcon-
tents, but by whom he was, nevertheless, received fraternally.
Naturally he reported to his wife, for her comfort, any incident
tending to show her that though some of her neighbors would
not hear him, he was respected elsewhere, and by better judges.
Expressions of approval from that minister were, in the cir-
cumstances, worth reporting.

''He treated me with much respect and attention. At his urgent
request I preached in the forenoon on the Sabbath, and assisted him in
administering the sacrament. As the meeting was on the line between
H. and S., and the day pleasant, most of the inhabitants of both places were
present Being requested, I went, accompanied by Mr. L., and preached
at S. in the evening. I felt much liberty in preaching, and I learned that
my discourses were much applauded and by none more than Mr. L."

Arriving at Hartford not much earlier than the first of June,
he entered at once on the business which had brought him to
Connecticut, negotiating with the proprietors for a postpone-

576 David Bacon. [Oct

ment of their demands, and at the same time finding oat, in
one place and another, the men whom he might persuade to
purchase farms in Tallmadge. Eager for intelligence from his
family, he returned to Hartford, and on the 4th of July he
received a letter from his wife, dated on the 29th of May, but
ending with a postscript a week later. Evidently she had strug^
gled to write cheerfully, but she had not succeeded. Her
letter began : —

'* Hitherto hath the Lord helped me, and through His goodness we are
all alive, and most of us in good health. I am the only one that is com-
plaining, but perhaps not more unwell than when you left home. . . .
I suffer greatly from a depression of spirits, which I cannot shake ofil I
think I never was so unable to endure your absence as at present . . .
How much do I need your sympathy ' in all the cares of life and love ' ! AH
the sweets of life seem to be embittered to me, and everything I see
reminds me that you are not here. The care which devolves upon me in
your absence is considerable, and I sometimes feel it a burthen almost
too great to struggle with. But this is the dark side. I have infinite
cause to sing of mercy in the midst of judgment, and to rejoice in the
loving kindness of the Lord. Our beloved children are all healthy, lively,
and happy. ... I have been comfortably supplied with the fucessaries
of life since you left me. My neighbors are as kind as can be reasonably
expected. ... I am not without friends even here, and trust that you
have some also. God is able to raise up friends in the midst of enemies,
and to provide for us in every strait and difficulty. How often hath He
appeared for us in darkness and distress, and wrought out deliverance for
us ! We have been called to pass through the fire and through water ; our
path has been frequently hedged up so that we could see no way of escape,
and had nowhere to look for relief but immediately to God. He has
always appeared for us in our extremity. ... It becomes us to —

" Praise Him for all that is past,
And trust Him for all that 's to come.**

" I have this day received a letter from directed to you, which b

written in a very imperious style. I am much mistaken if you do not find
him as unaccommodating as any person you ever dealt with. I hope, at
any rate, that you will get the business off your hands as speedily as possi-
ble. I am not anxious how, if it is only done. I long to have you free
from such embarrassments and such a load of cares. You have almost
worn yourself out in the arduous employment. I hope you will not find
it necessary to stay so long in Connecticut as you expected. ... I
dare not tell you half I suffer, nor could I if I would. I do not wish to
intimate that I suffer for food or raiment, but you know that I have many

18/6.] David Bacon. 577

sources of sorrow. Oh, that I might find consolation in that ever-living
Fount^n from which all true comfort flows !

"Mr F. has preached here two Sabbaths. It is expected that he will
administer the sacrament here next Sabbath. I think he is an excellent
man, though not a popular preacher. He has called upon me a number of
times, and I have enjoyed his conversation greatly. Mr. D. preached a
lecture here a few weeks ago ; he also made me a polite visit Thus, you
see, 1 am not wholly neglected. Mr. F. tells me that I have many real
friends in this place and that your opposers manifest very friendly feelings
towards me.

" I am afraid you can never read this letter, for I have wriltea the most
of it with the babe in my arms. . . . Forgive me for not writing
before. I have many excuses, but can't offer them now. Do not retaliate.
. . . I need an interest in yourprayers. I hope you will not protract the
time ofyourabsence to an unreasonable length. Oh, may we have another
happy meeting, another opportunity of rejoicing together in the land of
the living I "

Tallmadge had no post-office in i8ir, and it seems there
was no opportunity of sending the letter to any post-office that
week. So it came to pass that there was a postscript, dated
June 5 : —

" I have broken open my letter and torn it sadly to inform you that my
health is miserable. My spirits are so depressed that it seems to wear me
out. [A few words are illegible.] My heart is full of sorrow, and my eyes
are overflowing with tears. The real cause of my depression is unknown.
Dr. Wright is doing his best for me. My friends arc all kind. Would to
God you were here ! But, oh ! now I have hit the sore ; it bleeds afresh.
Gracious Father, give me submission to Thy will ! If my life is spared,
I mean to write to you again soon. It is more than three weeks since I
began to write this letter, but I could not get it mailed."

It is not without reluctance nor without a tear that I unveil
these sacred confidences, but how else could I fairly tell the
story of the " much tribulation " through which the subject of
this memoir "entered into the kingdom of God"? His reply to
the foregoing letter was dated " Litchfield, July 12," and from
the sheet inscribed with his close but most legible handwriting
five and sixty years ago, " he being dead, yet speakcth" : —

" When 1 read, 1 tenderly sympathized with jg^flHMMMMCi^ich
you complained, but that was not
that you complain of as to ill health a

578 David Bacon. [Oct

is my sorrow • . • especially that I cannot be there to bear your
burthens and administer to your relieil But greater is my joy in tint
you were all alive, and so many of you well, and in that jovl are ^voied,
as I trust, with the cheering light of God's countenance, the earnest of
your heavenly inheritance, that by which jim are sealed tmto the dtjof
redemption. All that God does is well because it ends wdl, — well for Hish
self, for His kingdom, for every individual who shall be an heir of it How
precious to you has been the trial of your £uth I How much more predoos
than that gold which perisheth ! Sweet affliction, sweet affliction, not in
itself but in its fruits, — especially the fruits of the latter harvest, irim
they who went out weeping shall return rejoicing, bringing their sheavei
with them, and when the wheat shall be gathered into the heavenly gamer.
Be strong, my dear, and be of good courage. Be strong in the grace diat
is in Christ Jesus, for, through Christ strengthening you, you can do all
things. Be of good courage, for if you trust in Him He will cause all things
to work together for your good, and will not suffsr you to want any good
thing. It would certainly ruin us to have our own way. We could not do
well, if at all, with less affliction, for, if we are in heaviness, there is a
' need-be.' I trust, my dear, the time is coming when we shall bodi see
occasion to bless God for this long separation, painful as it now is."

Such confidence in God's sovereignty, such walking in the

light of things not seen, was the faith in which he endured

afHiction, and by which be overcame. But writing to one so

dear, who was depressed on his account, he could not refrain

from telling her some things which he would hardly have

reported to any friend less intimate.

" Since I have been in Connecticut I have preached at Canton, at Tor-
ringford, at Cornwall, at Warren, at New Preston, and at Litchfield. And
in every place I have been free from embarrassment and have enjoyed
great liberty in preaching. I find myself much animated in exhibiting
and applying the great truths of the everlasting gospel to hundreds of
souls at once, in seeing so many eyes £^tened upon me, in observing such
a multitude eagerly or anxiously listening to my discourse, and hanging
upon my lips till the closing sentence is pronounced. From ministers and
other good judges where I have preached 1 have received encomiums
enough to ruin me if not restrained by grace. Said Father Hallock, after
meeting, ' Why, Brother Bacon, I had formerly heard of your preaching in
different places, and had always heard that you preached well; but I had
no idea that you would preach so.' He observed that such was the atten-
tion that the house was as still as in the dead of night, and seemed to
fancy that he saw, under my preaching, the commencement of anodier
revival. He compared me to a plowshare grown bright by use, and hisB-
self to one that had lain in the shade till it was covered with root. This
was enough to make me very much ashamed, but he said a great dod
more.

t ■

•■■.

1876.] David Baeon. 579

" I think it probable that I had Id this place, last Sabbath, not less than
fifty hearers who were men of liberal education, among whom are three or
four of the first characters in the United States, and they are used toveiy
extraordinary preaching; but as Mr. Beecher was absent, and I had
agreed to supply his place, I gave myself no trouble about these circum-
stancea, for I calculated on getting so near the great Lawgiver and Judge
of all, and on having my mind so overawed by His presence as not to be
unduly affected by the presence of the judges and legislators of the earth,
aad I hoped, through the assistance of the Holy Spirit, to get them so to
realize His presence, and that they had to do with Him, that they should
find no time nor inclination for criticising my performances. The event
was much aa I had hoped. I soon perceived that I had their serious
attention, and I discoursed to them with as much freedom eis I should to
my own children. Many have manifested their high approbation, but
none, perhaps, more fully or heartily iban Col. Tallmadge and Judge
Reeve, the two great and good fathers of this great church, who are greatly
beloved by the people of God around them. The attention and respect I
received from them before I preached here was greater than I expected,
but it was easy to see that it was much greater afterwards."

Under a later date, " Hartford, July 19," he made something
like an apology for the foregoing paragraphs : —

" You will wonder, perhaps, why I took up so much time in writing about
my public performances, and will think that it savors too much of vanity.
I don't know that I have any sufficient reason to assign for it ; but as so
little was thought of my services in Tallmadge, as you felt that to be an
affliction, and as I am not willing that you should be unhappy or think
meanlyof me, it was natural forme to wish to do away the impression. . , .
But the most important reason is that you may have an opportunity to
unite with me in presenting a tribute of praise to Him who llfteth up those
who are cast down, for His rendering my services in the gospel ministry
so acceptable to so many, and thereby intimating that, if spared, I may be
useful in the important work, notwithstanding my want of education and
the many disadvantages under which, hitherto, I have bad to labor."

At that time he was hopeful in regard to the business which
he had in hand. " On the whole," said he, after giving some
particulars, " the prospect is favorable, but how soon I shall
be able to complete the business I cannot telL"

It is hardly possible for those whose memory does not run
back more than thirty years to conceive how difficult was inter-
course between parted friends before the era of cheap postage.
Blessed be the memory of Rowland Hil! ! Blessed be God
who raised up KdH|MMHlM|&Xialy to confer n
on commerce Md^^^^^^^^BW^cation, but especially

S8o David Baeon. [Oct

to be tbebene&ctorof the poor. In 1811 there was aweddjr
nml eastward from the Connecticut reserve, and the poat^
on a letter was not three cents only, but twenty-five. It was
only the rich (as men were counted rich in those days) vfao
could indulge in the luxury of frequent letteis even to the
dearest friends. Bearing this in mind, the reader will under-
stand why the correspondence from which I have given quota-
tions was not more voluminous. Every letter was a serious
a&ir for a poor man stnigghng to feed and clothe a helpless
&roily and to meet the demands of creditors. Thus it is easy
to understand why a second letter from the lonely wife to ha
husband so far away, though begun on the 15th of July, was
not completed till the 26th. Referring to her first letter she
said: —

"You hare probably received it tome time ago. If yon have, it has
probably givcD you some anxiety, though I hardly know what I wrote. I
recollect that I broke open my letter and added something after I had
sealed it. Judging Irom what I remember of my feeliugsat that timc^ I tbisk
I could not have written anything very pleasant I think I was not &rfrani
a atate of distraction. I have since learned that my friends were quite
anxious about mc. . . . My neighbors are all exceedingly kind, and I
think you could not have left me in a better place. O my dear Iriend, I
have infinite cause for thankfulness, but blush to acknowledge that I am
one of the most ungrateful of creatures. Mow can 1 be so unmindful of
the God of all my mercies, nho has raised me up so many friends and pot
it into their hearts to treat me with so much kindness ? . . . 1 think
my health and spirits are rather improving, though far from the best
. . , Capt S-'s people [a family firom Warren, Conn.] arrived here
thefirst of July. . . . I have to acknowledge the good hand of Provi-
dence in sending to me so good a young man and woman as young Mr. S.
and his wife. They live with me, and I hope they will stay till you return.
Before they came I frequently thought to roj^self, What would I give for
some one to stay with me who would be willing to assist me when I am
unable to raise my head, and who would take some care off from my over-
loaded mind. Uttle did I think that God was providing for me exactly to
my wishes."

The answer was written Sept i6, while thousands, as the
¥n'iter said, were " gazing at the eclipse." Let them gaze.
To him his reception of a letter from that log-house in Tall-
madge was " a more important event."

"Your last letter has relieved me, in a great measure, from an almoM
Insupportable burthen. What cause have I for thankfulness tl

ikfulness that thftGal^

urn

1876.] David Bacon. 581

of all grace and coosolatioa has 90 far answered my daily prayers for the
dear companion of my life, and alao for our dear children. Since I left
home, thousands of husbands and wives and children have been torn from
their dear connections in life by the hand of death ', thousands of the liv-
ing who were then rational have become distracted ; thousands who were
then in health have been lying on beds of languishing ; millions have
been sufTering the want of all things, and millions more have been experi-
encing the horrors of war. We have been spared, we have been blessed,
not because we were not equally ill-deserving, but because God delights
in showing mercy to sinners, through the mediation of His Son, as far as
is consistent with His infinitely wise and benevolent purposes ; and to His
name be the praise I It is necessary for us to bear in mind what we de-
serve, and the trials to which we are exposed in orderto our being grateful
for the mercies we experience and submissive under the trials which must
befall us. But we need not be ' afraid with any amazement,' and shall not be
if we trust in Him who hath said, ' 1 will never leave thee nor forsake
thee,' — ' my grace shall be sufficient for thee ' ; for great peace have they
that love God's law, and nothing shall offend them. They may there-
fore say, ' Though I walk through the valley and shadow of death I will
fear no evil.'"

In regard to his business, he was still hopeful of success ; he
was making progress in his negotiations with men in various
places who were contemplating a removal westward, and were
attracted by the advantages which his township olTered ; he
was expecting to obtain something by compromise, as better
and less costly than a lawsuit, from two men who had refused
to pay what he claimed as justly due to him for service which
he had rendered to them in the sale of lands ; he suggested
some possible arrangements for himself and his family in the
future. "The doctor" (his brother at Hartford) had desired
them to send their eldest child to him, that he (the doctor)
" might put him to school." After writing of such matters, he
added, in reference to the uncertainty of the day when he
should set his face homeward, —

" I hope you will sirive to be patient, my dear, under your present trials
Remember, that if it should be eight or nine weeks before I return, the
time will soon slip away ; and that, if we are of those who are called
according to God's purpose, the lime is coming when we shall see cause
for thankfulness for this long and painful absence. The thought that I am
not gone to ' Guinea ' ^ should he some comfort to vou. And surely you
can imagine something much worse from which we are exempted. I hope

> The allusion is to Jolm Newton's Letters to His Wife, a book which they bad

582 David Bacom. [Oct

you will take good care of jotir b«alth for tny talce^ Do not fidl to get
wine if it can be procured, at auTtfaing doe diat can be procured timt !i
calculated to strengthen you. I would rather live on bread and water dna
that you (hould want anything that ia necetaaiy to yOur comfort in jev
debilitated state.

" I am looking fn another letter Irom you, but if yon shall not hm
written before the reception of this, I fear it will be too late for yon to

" Another letter " was already on its way by a private o>n-
veyance. It was dated Aug. 12, That morning it had been
reported to Mrs. Bacon that there was a letter for her in the
nearest post-office, five miles away. Leaving her baby in the
care of a neighbor, and borrowing a horse for the expeditioD,
she had gone the five miles, had obtained the precious commih
nication, and had returned rejoicing. The letter [pp. 577-9]
begun at Litchfield, on the 12th of July, and posted at
Hartford on the 19th, had arrived at its destination in three
weeks and three days. Such were the then existing facilities
for correspondence between places a few hundred miles apart
A few sentences from the lonely wife's reply will show in what
spirit she was waiting. " Hope deferred maketh the heart
sick" ; but her heart was steadfast.

" I rejoice with you, , . , and hope jfou may realize your ezpecta-
ttoo 30 iar as may be consistent with our best interests. But should yoo
finally be disappointed, and should I realiie all my fears and dismal fore-
bodings, may we be submissive ! I trust I shall never give myself so mocli
trouble about the event as I have heretofore done. I know that all my
anxiety will not make one hair white or black. I most heartily wish that
you might be so far prospered as to be able to satisfy your crediton ; be-
yond this I havn no concern. I have many times thought (of late) ttttb
was pleasant to be \a the situation of the poor widow who was abost ID
bake her last cake, for it is then that we roost sensibly mo the hand Aat
feeds us. I love to be immediately dependent on a heavenly Faidicr iv
my daily bread ; He is the best provider ; He never wants for neaBi IB
supply His creatures, for the earth is His and the fulness thercoC I lUak
a thankful heart with a mouthful of bread is better than thouaaods of (dU
and silver without thankfulness. , . , God grant that though we walk
in the vale of poverty below, we may lay up for ourselves treasures io
heaven, even durable riches and righteousness.

" I rejoice that you have found so much liberty in dtspensing the gml
trtitba of the gospel ... I thought, and had hoped that you would

1876] David Bacon. 583

not preach in old Connecticut, because I knew jrou had no sennons with
yon. But I hope it is for the best I think, however, if I had been with
jrou, yon would not have preached at Litchfield."

On the 6th of November the long-absent husband wrote
from Sharon, where he was working, that his sorrowful absence
might not be in vain, and hoping persistently. " I fear," said
he, " I shall hear no more from you till I see you, if that
happy event is ever to arrive,"

" I find myself frequently sighing and saying to myself ' Oh, my dear
&mily, my dear wife, and my dear children I ' . . . But I must not
murmur at the Providence of God which has caused this long and painful
absence, but pray that it may be sanctified to us, and that we may be un-
fcignedly thankful that we have enjoyed so many mercies. . . . But
methinks 1 see your eyes impatiently running over these lines to find
whether I have set out on my journey home, or when 1 expect to start.
What would I not give that 1 could tell you.

" 1 1 has afforded great relief to my mind to reflect that it is to make pro-
vision lot you and the dear children that 1 am so long absent from you, —
as well as to be able to do justice to my creditors, and promote the spirit-
tial and everlasting good of the thousands who are to inhabit the town of
Tallmadge. ... I seem to have a fairer prospect of succeeding than
1 ever had before. ... I have no money to send you at present,
but hope to bring you some soon ; and I must stop writing and go about
my business that I may bring it the sooner. I know not how you are to
be provided for, but I trust the God of all our mercies will never leave you
nor forsake you."

This seems to have been the last letter before his return.
But his homeward journey, which he then expected to begin
* within three or four weeks at the longest," was more distant
than he thought He was then negotiating with a principal
proprietor of lands in Tallmadge for an arrangement which he
was sure would be advantageous to both parties, and the nego-

tiation seemed almost concluded. It

was ill this confidence

that he said, " I seem to

have^

\, foirer prospect of succeeding

than I have ever had be

mk

HtokA

rillKi that prospect had

deluded him a while, it *

S

^^H

^Kxt information cun-

ceming him is a letter ft

^^1

■g^S beoii prcicrvwl)

from his brother to ^fl

■

^^H

^■UMtcr was dated

" Hartford, Sih Janu^

^^H

^^H

^^HBAg|M|M^^^^^^

better than by transofW

■

■

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

" As your letter to myt^l

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H

answered, I beg leave ta In

1

1

^^^1

584 David Baeam. [Oct

by informiiig yoa that his present state of mind is sodi that, diong|i he
has made several attempts, he has not been able to write. Yoms he
received early in December, idiile in Litchfield Coonty, but as he has hot
jnst now arrived at my house, I have known nothing before of his nsUbxppy
condition. He feels diat his last earthly friend on idiom he coold depend
for succor, and in whose constancy he had the utmost confidence, has now
forsaken him. His countenance, at first sight, impressed me with the kki
that he had been sick, and I instantly made the inquiry. He answered

that he was not well, and, handing me your letter, said, ' has brokea

my heart' He sleeps but little and wiUi constant interruption, and dur-
ing the day seems like one finom whom hope, the last consolation of die
wretched, has departed. I love my brother and feel most sensibly for his
unhappy case, and have not been without fear that he would sink under
his mental depression, at least so fiur as to injure his foture usefulness.
... He has now been for five years beating against the stream of adverse
incidents, in pursuit of a fovorite object, in the accompUshment of which
he hoped to subserve the cause of religion, advance the interest of his
fiiends, and obtain a pittance for his fiunOy. In this pursuit he has used
his credit to the amount of at least a thousand dollars. He is now six
hundred miles from home, and destitute of money. If aided by his
Mends to return, to what will it introduce him but to scenes of more' com-
plicated woe, — to behold a beloved wife of feeble health, and five hdplesi
chOdren, who look to him for bread but look in vain; for he must immedi-
ately resign himself to a host of disappointed creditors, whose tender mer-
cies are cruelty, and who will probably seek revenge in attempts to vilify
his character and through him to wound the cause in which he is by pro-
fession engaged."

" I never doubted that my brother would exert himself to the utmost in
the service of his employers, and would advance their interest ; but [I]
was not without fears that he would eventually involve himself in difficulty.
I therefore, in the beginning, endeavored to dissuade him from the enter-
prise ; but it was too &vorite an object with htm to be given up. Of
course, I had nothing further to do but to wish him success and hope he
might succeed. This hope strengthened into expectation after I had the
pleasure of an interview with you, and heard you express your fiiendly
wishes for his success and your determination to lengthen out his term of
probation, as you had already done, till he should succeed."

The letter then refers to Mr. Bacon's " repeated disappoint-
ments during the last summer in procuring purchasers who
could make payment " either in cash or in secured obligations.
It mentions an interview in which, at Mr. Bacon's proposal,
that proprietor had consented to exchange all his lands on the
Reserve for Connecticut farms under certain conditions. It
tells how the enthusiastic canvasser for purchasers had found
the men who were willing to sell their farms and take those

18/6.] David Bacon. 585

wild lands in part payment ; and how, having obtained assur-
ance of the necessary aid from his brother and other friends,
he had written to that proprietor requesting him to consum-
mate the arrangement which had been agreed upon between
them. Then it tells what the reply was to that communica-
tion : —

'* Your letter came, which (if I understand it) seems not to recognize
the last agreement, but proposes new conditions beyond his power to exe-
cute. To a mariner returning to his long-desired haven, shipwrecked in
sight of land, and clinging to his shattered bark, expecting that the next
rolling surge will sweep him from his feeble hold and engulf him in the
ocean, proposals for another voyage would administer but poor con-
solation. Pardon me, sir, if I have used too much freedom. I have
labored to make you acquainted with my brother's unhappy case. I can-
not, I will not believe, after what I have heard from your lips and seen on
paper in your former correspondence with my brother, that his future peace
and prosperity is a matter of indifference to you. There must have been
some misunderstanding or want of recollection on one side or the other.
I have therefore, after much hesitation what advice to give, prevailed on
my brother to suspend his determination of giving up all and returning
home till I should hear from you.

'^ I am not asking alms for him. Could he so far succeed as to find the
means of discharging the just debts he has contracted in prosecuting the
business, though it left him without a cent for the time he has spent and
the fatigue he has endured, I would not have become his intercessor; but
I fully believe that this and more than this can be effected, and your inter-
est promoted by carrying the negotiation into effect, agreeable to your last
conversation with him ; that is, you will eventually realize a better bargain
than though the original contract had been carried into execution."

The correspondence with that proprietor was continued into
February, but resulted in nothing. So far as the projector's
interests were concerned, the undertaking in which he had
expended so much of his life was a failure. Instead of a home-
stead with comforts for his declining years, instead of shelter
and support for his wife and helpless children, nothing
remained to him but the burthen of debts which he had con-
tracted in good faith and with most reasonable hope of ability
to discharge them.

From the termination of that correspondence, the story of
his life is very short. With difficulty he obtained the means
of returning to his family, and of removing them from the scene
of so great a disappointment All that he had realized from

[Ott.

mtr, be tsraed anr 6aa tke idd of
p^^^A^. 2sxi bade bss iatt £dc«c& to TaBsadge aad tbe
Wcsoen RescrrcL Scmk tiMemtheaaBthof H^, iSi^iK
itb the Aocae :!sir, to the cUdrai cnlaUj, kad bees m
pVa^JMt, aai parring frooi firieads «to bad kindtr aided
prcparatkpas aad csatTibated to ooi

joarxT LuiaaiJs * Old Cannecticat.* Oar arrml Jt

to greet «» was DOC tin nev the Middle of J^f. lathe
and lIuiN^h the nistiing viator Mr. Hacow faonil a tcaqnmj
home in LirrhScM, suptiottiiighis£piiilylya«chool,ashehid
done twdve years before in Detroit. Thoq^ he had tcGn-
qoished the hopeof anjthingfK'hisiDiiiljoiit of the wwedkd
his TaEinadge cndcrtaldi^ he labored CO " to do jnstice to Ui
creditors^ there, and * to proiDote die spiritoaland eicilmiug
good of the thousands " who have been, or aie now, or are jtt
to be the inhabitants of the township on which so much of his
life had been expended. I think that his sojourn in T>rlifi<^H,
near the places where he had been soindostriouslj canvassing,
and not hr from some of the proprietors whose agent he had
been, was partly with reference to those ends. Some of the
best of the emigrants from Connecticat who afterwards settled
in Tallmadge went in consequence of his persuasions ; nor
was he altogether unsuccessful in his endeavor to obtain jus-
tice for his creditors.

Through the year 1813-1814, he performed a pastor^s work
in a parish on the ridge between Cheshire and Waterbury^ now
the town of Prospect. The next year he resided in the parish
of Westfield, in Middletown, preaching there and in the neigh-
boring parish, now the town of Middlefield. Finding that his
health was no longer equal to the stated work of the ministry,
he removed to Hartford early in 1815, and entered into an
undertaking which, while it had the charm to him of usefulness
in the service of Christ, would give him work better suited to

18/6.] David Bacon. 587

his physical condition than the care of a parish could be. He
took part (without investment of capital or credit) in publishing
a Hartford edition of a work highly esteemed in those days
(and with good reason, for it was without a rival), — Scott's
Family Bible. His varied experience, first as a missionary and
then as a canvasser, West and East, for settlers in his tcJWnship,
his wide acquaintance with good people, and his never-failing
zeal in religion, were special qualifications for such a service.
In that itinerant work he passed on horseback through large
portions of Connecticut and Western Massachusetts, renewing
his intercourse with old friends and forming new friendships,
preaching occasionally, as his health would permit, and lingering
especially where he found 2t revival of religion. In the early
years of my own ministry, I sometimes heard from ministers
and others of a generation now gone how powerfully he had
preached on some occasions in their hearing. My own mem-
ory does not enable me to testify concerning his power in the
pulpit, for it so happened that I never heard him preach after
I was old enough to remember anything about a sermon ; but
what I have learned from such tradition leads me to think that
his power as a preacher was manifested not so much in the
ordinary course of ministration as when he had some favorite
theme or was excited by some inspiring occasion.

His bookselling enterprises (for besides his connection with
the publication of Scott's Family Bible, he published on his
own account an edition of DeFoe's Family Instructor) yielded
for the time a better support to his family than he had gained from
any former undertaking ; but meanwhile his infirmities, the
accumulated effect of his hardships and trials through so many
years, were increasing, and there were indications that his con-
stitution, originally hardy, might soon break down.

In the autumn of 18 16 he took up another employment
requiring less of fatigue and exposure, and promising much
larger returns. But the night was near in which he could work
no more. He was a little while at New Haven, where he had
previously formed some friendships ; and then he was at New
York. There, about the first of December, he suffered what
seems to have been a dangerous attack of illness. A few days
later, thinking that he had recovered, he wrote, with character-

Oh Ac fat «r Jwy. iSi/. he wnie dM: Us lelHa aq^
bceqnoted h t^Dir tfanewc^^^adaddB^ "I ^Mead tonl
■J twill iJltl >■!■! !■ f till lull iit^t'i^ "- — * "■'■■ ■
■ maj to file «ilk bj dts- faadf f tke Land «a.*

-Iftk Lonlva!' "wt 111 Ihi hililBil mlkm\i rfMi
mkL Coi^»fag»the ^^MiMi TOarfWiiAi^facarii
ahnjsssf.'Fatker. Mt ^r wa bat TUBcfae done!* fiii
hope was Aat be aa^ mmh ictiaa "•• fi«c wiifc kit dv

todic. Tk ipnesaf hnifeh^heeabnka^Mddkrlii
anival at fe
Hb <

t^ niB tae Gfcoc i
Asa I
be widnea. Ac strc^tk &^« the fcsfc a

I remember thine lecten thtt dmetohatia tbcoeBartbi

of slow decay, possOih- at a mnewhat caiiiei- date. One was
fnxn his Ungmn Dr. Abid Hofaacs, tt Camfani^e, Mass,
inviting him, in behalf of some Booid of Tmst. to be as a pastor
to some rannant tt an T'vf^** tribe, pcrh^B th^ Manfapee
liwlijTK Of coarac he coald gire no thoo^til to such apn>-
posaL Another letter was fira some old &iaads of his in TaD-
madge who bad been aH^natr-jJ from him j^H faad jodeed hia
faaishly. Fianklj, and in a Christian spirit, th^ acknowledged
thar tbej bad wronged bim in their jodgmeat and in dwir icA-
ings. It was a solace to him in his waiting far death that those
firoaa whom his portii^ was so painfol had rememheied theti
oldaflectioo towards bim, and at last had jodged him IdodlTaod
truly.

The third of the three letters referred to was also from the
I^ace for which be had done and sulfa ol so mncfa. The es-
sential features of the i^an on which he tmdertxxik the settle-
ment of that township were b^ioning to be icaliaed. Bo^ as
has been indicated on a former pag^ the plan shaped and

1876.] David Bacon. 589

rounded out in his mind included a hope that the Yale Col-
lege of that " New Connecticut " might become the crowning
institution of his model town. A pleasant swell, now covered
by a cemetery, close by the centre of the township, was the
spot which in his thoughts he had destined to that use. Not
very long before his death he received a letter written by the
pastor of the church in that town, and expressing the wishes
of some of the leading citizens. The time had come when it
seemed as if something might be done for the establishment
of a college on the Reserve, and he was invited to attempt that
arduous labor. ^ It was thought that his projecting and en-
thusiastic genius and his strenuous perseverance might be
again enlisted in the service of the Western Reserve and of
Tallmadge ; but the application came to a man whose force had
been exhausted, whose heart had been broken by disappoint-
ments, and whose frame, worn out by many hardships, was
already wasting away. >

I have drawn out to an unexpected length the story of my
father's life. Why should I not complete it with the story of
his death ? " Whether we live we live to the Lord, or whether
we die we die to the Lord." If he glorified God in his life, it
was to be expected that he would glorify God in his death.
Let me say, then, that for some time before the end he was per-
fectly, and with entire serenity, aware of the approaching change.
I remember being present at a conversation when the certainty
that he must die was distinctly spoken of between him and his
brother,^ the physician. " I know myself to be a sinner," said
he ; "I feel it, but I submit myself to God, and I hope to be
saved through Christ." In the evening of Aug. 24 (which was
the Lord's day) he was visited by friends with whom he had
some talk, more, perhaps, than his failing strength could bear.
The next day, as if aware that the time of his departure had

^ The Western Reserve College, which he had hoped to see at Tallmadge, was
organized about ten years after his death, and was established at Hudson, the »
place of his first residence on the Reserve, and among the people who first chose
him for their minister.

*Dr. Leonard Bacon (often mentioned in this memoir) removed from Mans-
field to Hartford in 1802, became eminent there in the practice of medicine, was,
in the later years of his life, a communicant in the First Church, under the pas-
torate of Dr. Hawes, and died in 1839.

fSCOND SSRIZ& — VOL. VIIL NO. 4. 39

590 DamdBmmu (Oct

come; he called me to bis bedside; and irminding meof tb
many godly comisds, chaigiBd me to keep them iHien I dMirid
befioberiessw What woris of patcntal solicitude he spohete
the joanger diildreii I can only infer. On Tncsdqr, bcfae
noon, there came a sort of diod^, as of paralysis^ ptciiionilMy
of death, and he thought himsrif d|yii^ as those who woe
aroocd him also thought My modier, standing aver him widi
her youngest, an in£mt,in her arms» saidto him," Lookon yoor
babe, and bless him before you die:" He kxdLcd np, and sand
with distinct and audiUe utterance, "• The blessing of the God
of Abraham,and of Isaac, and of Jacob, rest upcm thee!** Hs
brother, who had often befriended him in his difficolties; and
who venerated his religious character though he himsrif had
not then made a rd^ous profession, came in, and aficr
feeling hb pulse and silently observing the indications of
death, sat down by his side. I cannot but think of die
contrast between the two brothers at that moment: the
older, a shrewd and careful man, prudent in his affairs and
prosperous in the world, health in his stalwart frame, and widi
years of life before him ; the younger, an enthusiast by nature^
but wise to eternal life by graces bom to a career of disappoint-
ment in this life, but trained by the discipline of defeat to a
better inheritance hereafter, and dying at what might have
been the noon of life to him but for the hardships he had en-
dured in his self-sacrificing efforts to do good. Some tender
memories of childhood and of later years were doubtless in
both their minds, when the younger, turning his eyes towards
the elder with affectionate gaze, said to him, " I entreat you to
make sure that better part which shall never be taken from
you." Through the remainder of that day, and through the two
following days, he was failing, and his mind was often confused
and wandering; but when the sunset of Thursday was ap-
proaching, he collected his thoughts, and with a deliberate
effort took leave of his wife, committing her to the care of a
divinely, gracious Providence. After that farewell there was
only one articulate utterance from his lips. To some word
from her he loved best, he answered " All is well." Just before
dawn on Friday, Aug. 29, he breathed his last '* Now he
knows more than all of us," said the doctor ; while my mother.

1876.] David Bacon. 591

bathing the dead face with her tears and warming it with
kisses, exclaimed, '' Let my last end be like his ! "

His funeral was on Saturday, Aug. 30, from what is now
called the Centre Church, Rev. Abel Flint and Rev. Joseph
Steward conducting the service, and the next day Mr. Steward
preached an appropriate discourse from the text, 2 Cor. iv, 17,
— " Our light affiction, which is but for a moment, worketh for
us a far more exceeding and eternal weight of glory."

NoTB. — On page 21, the ordination of Mr. Bacon is spoken of as probably the
first instance of an ordination to the specific work of a missionary to the heathen.
I have since learned, through Rev. F. D. Avery, of Columbia, Conn., of the fol-
lowing instances of earlier date : At Lebanon Crank, now Columbia, Conn., where
Dr. Wheelock was pastor, Charles Jefi&ey Smith, of Long Island, in 1763. —
{.Spraguii Annals^ Vol. I, p. 402, note.) Samuel Kirkland, June 19, 1766. ^
{Sprague's Annals^ I, 624.) Titus Smith and Theophilus Chamberlain, April 24,
1765. — {A/arrativt of Moor's Indian Charity School. By Mr. Wheelock, printed
in Boston, in 1765, p. 8.)

Leonard Bacon.

New Haven ^ Conn,

59^ Ministry and Churches of New Hampshire. [Oct

MINISTRY AND CHURCHES OF NEW HAMPSHIRE

SUPPLEMENT.

The previous articles under this head invite a grouping of summaries
and related statistics, and some of the more obvious and important are
here presented. It would be easy to expand them did space permit

We offer, not history, but simply some useful material for the historian.
To him we leave the inviting work of gathering the details of biography
and incident, canvassing spiritual forces and results, and giving to all their
appropriate setting.

Towns and Churchis, — Of the 235 towns in New Hampshire, 153 have
Congregational or Presb)rterian Churches, — one or more. In 25 towns
such churches once existed, but are now extinct, and in 47 there has
never been such a church.

Early Churches. — The church in Hampton was first organized in Lynn,
Mass., in 1636, and removed to Hampton in 1638. This was the first
church existing in New Hampshire. The Dover church was formed in
December, 1638, and was the first church organixedin the State. In Jan-
uary, 1639, persons were dismissed firom the first church in Boston to form
Wheelwright's Exeter church, which was, however, soon broken up by
Wheelwright's removal to Wells, Me. For thirty years — from 1641 to
1 67 1 — Hampton and Dover churches stood alone. Exeter, however, had
a minister — Samuel Dudley — thirty-three years. Joshua Moodey min-
istered in Portsmouth, without a church, fourteen years before his church
was organized in 1671. The next church in the State was formed at Dun-
stable in 1685, — now the First Church in Nashua, — and it is not certain
that any other preceded 1 700. New Castle may have had a separate church
earlier than Mr. Emerson's ordination in 1703, but it seems most likely that
it was formed at that time. If Gosport had a church, as is nearly certain,
its date would be about the same time. Then follow Greenland, 1706 ; Hamp-
ton Falls, 171 1 ; Newington and the Second Church, Portsmouth, 171 5;
Durham and Stratham, 1718 ; Londonderry (now Derry), 1719 ; Kingston,
1725 ; Rye, 1726 ; and Somersworth and Plaistow, Concord and Newmar-
ket, in. 1730. These, with Exeter, reorganized in 1698, make twenty
churches in 1730.

Number of Churches and Pastors. — The following table gives the
number of churches and pastors, and, after 1800, the acting pastors, for
each fifth year since 1730: —

TBAB. OhOBOHES. PAfTOBfl,

1735 23 20

1740 34 82

1745 41 39

1750 44 30

1755 48 39

1876.] Ministry and Churches of New Hampshire. 593

Yeab. Ohcbohxi.

1700 66

1765 66

1770 • 76

1775 100

1780 114

1785 117

1790 126

1795 136

1800 188

1805 145

1810 146

1815 158

1820 160

1825 162

1830 177

1835 181

1840 184

1845 187

1850 190

1855 198

1860 196

1865 198

1870 194

1875 196

FAjBTORS.

ACTIKO PASTOBS.

47

60

67

80

79

84

97

101

108

7

114

6

101

8

103

6

100

7

104

15

113

15

109

23

115

86

129

28

109

45

102

48

99

62

80

n

7<«

67

76

69

Extinct Churches, — Fifty-three churches have, by union with others, or
decay, been dropped from the roll ; and as it is not easy to fix the date in
the cases of decay, some of the figures of the above table may need slight
correction on that account.

Presbyterian Churches, — Of the churches in this State twenty have
been Presbyterian, possibly two or three more. Six remain Presbyterian
and are connected with the Boston Presbytery, — Antrim, Bedford, Litch-
field, Londonderry, New Boston, and Windham. Two are extinct, and
the others have become Congregational, in some cases through a new
organization.

Unitarian Churches, — Of the churches once associated, five have be-
come Unitarian, — Charlestown, Dublin, Peterboro', Portsmouth, Second
Church, and Wilton. In Fitzwilliam and in Walpole a majority of the
church seceded from the town, or society, which became Unitarian. As a
majority, each must justly be held and reckoned the original church.

Present Total, — The whole number of these churches is, as now reported
in the Minutes for 1875, one hundred and ninety-three.

Number of Church Members, — No data are known to exist from which
any probable estimate can be formed of the membership of these churches
previous to 1820. Many of the churches have no early records, and in
the few cases where such records do exist, a list of all the members at any
date is scarcely to be found. The organization of the General Association
in 1809 soon led to the custom of an annual report of the churches ; at
first scanty and imperfect, but gaining fulness and accuracy.

594 Mumsitj mnd CJkmvkn &f N^m Hm^Mwa. [Oct

As periiaps tiie best pnclicaAife SQflrauny imder dn liead, we icp^^
a table from tiieMiiiiites of 1873: —

Tbab.

IMi «MT4

ISO sn^fTi

1170 VAfm

Associations and aiktr orgamiMaiwms, — The carficst known atioctatios
among these churches or their pastors was a Ministers' Meetings formed
in Bradford, Mass^ 1719, Jane 3, which met n^olarly seven times eadi
jear, and indaded half a dozen New Hampshire members.

In 1747, July 28, there was formed at Exeter The Convention of Mm-
isters in the Province of New Hampshire, wliicfa served as a nseM bond
of nnion for sixty years. Its records, existing in mannscrip^ oog^t to be
printed. From 1760 to 1785 it met in Portsmouth, and was known as die
Convention of Ministers at PortsmondL After 1785, It met in tiie place
where the Legislatnre convened. In 1833, it became tibe Pastoial Con-
vention of New Hampshire, and met anmudly in Concord, nntil Jnne^ 186&

Two years earlier, 1745, April 16^ the Boston Presbytery was formed at
Londonderry, embracing chorches in Maine and Massachusetts, as weO as
New Hampshire. This body was divided at Seabrook, 1775, ^7 Zh ^^
the Salem, Londonderry, and Palmer Presbyteries, which were joined ia
the New England Synod, the meetings of which were commonly in
Londonderry. But in 1782, Sept 11, the Synod dissolved and beoune
the Salem Presbytery. In 1793, October, it became the Londondeny
Presbytery. After the reunion of the two General Assemblies, 1870, June
21, it became as it was originally, the Boston Presbytery.

There was also, soon after 1771, a Grafton Presbytery organized under
the influence of Pres. Wheelock, embracing churches near Hanover, on
both sides of the Connecticut River. Its existence was brie( and its
records are not to be found. We hope soon to give a fuller account in
the Quarterly of what can be gleaned of its curious history.

The oldest existing association is the Hollis, which was formed 1762,
May 5. The Haverhill was organized 1779, Aug. 19, including Massa-
chusetts and New Hampshire members, but was gradually limited to New
Hampshire, and became the Deny, 1834, May 7, uniting with the Man-
chester, 1 861, Feb. 5, which had been formed in 1846.

The Piscataqua was in existence 1781, Oct 24, and the record implies
an earlier origin. The Northern was formed 1788, Aug. 29, and beoune
the Hopkinton, 1806, Oct. 15 ; and the Monadnock was organized 1793,
Aug. 5. One other, the Amherst, was earlier than 1800, and probably
formed about 1780, and existed not bs from forty years ; but its records
are lost, and no exact dates can be given* It was never represented in
the General Association.

1 876.] Ministry and Churches of New Hampshire, 595

The Orange was formed 1801, Oct 7, and like most associations on the
Connecticut included both sides of the river. Its Northern Branch be*
came the Coos, 181 1, Jan. 9, which changed its name to Caledonia, 1826^
Oct. 5, and ceased its connection with New Hampshire in i860.

The Plymouth was formed in 1806, and united with the Tamworth (of
undiscovered date) in the Harmony, 1834, March 4. The Deerfield was
organized before 1809, and became the Suncook, 1856, Sept. 4. An Exeter
Association existed for a few years after 181 1, and was represented in the
General Association until the Piscataqua came into the movement for a
State body — which for some years it did not do ; — then after 18 18 it dis-
appears.

Union Association was formed 181 2, Dec. 18 ; Windsor, 1822, Oct ;
Sullivan, 1829, May 24, the two latter having entered into a working
union in 1871.

The Lancaster was formed 1833, Aug. 13. The Belknap, 1841, April 20.
And the White River, 1845, Oct 14, but was not represented in the New
Hampshire General Association till 1863.

The General Association of the Congregational and Presbyterian
Churches in New Hampshire was organized in Concord, 1809, June 8, by
delegates from the Deerfield, Hopkinton, Orange, and Plymouth Associa-
tions. Measures looking to this result had been taken at the meeting of
the Pastoral Convention at Hopkinton, in 1807, when a Committee of Cor-
respondence was appointed, and renewed in i8o8.

The other associations united in it, and they remained its sole constitu-
ent bodies until 1859, when after discussions, running through several
years, lay delegates from the County Conferences were admitted, and it
was made more directly representative of the churches.

These County Conferences of churches had been in existence about
thirty years, their organization being shown in the following table : —

Ohetblre, 1829, Oct. 4. ObM, 1833, Feb. 19.

Orafton, 1828, Jan. 2. HUliboro*, before 1827, Jaa« 12.

Merrimao, 1827, Jane 27* Bocldngbam, 1837, Jane 20.

Strafford, 1828, Jane 24. SolllTan, 1820, Noy. 11.

Sullivan, the earliest, was first a Circular Conference. In Rockingham
County two Conferences, East and West, had previously existed and were
united.

As early as 1770 the Convention had taken action in reference to sup-
plying the religious destitutions of the State, and had employed a few
missionaries for short periods ; and the Piscataqua and other associations
had also sent out missionaries to the new settlements.

The New Hampshire Missionary Society was organized at Hopkinton,
1801, Sept. 2. At the annual meeting of the Pastoral Convention in June
of that year, several ministers held a consultation upon the subject and
issued a call, in pursuance of which a convention of ministers and laymen
met for this purpose.

Sg6 Miuistfy and Churches of New Hampshire. [Oct

Ministers, — Part II of this register includes, in the list of ministera,
1,207 names. Of these, 907 were pastors, 276 were acting pastors, and
24 were neither, bat intimately associated with the churches as Presidents
and Professors of Dartmouth College, etc The nativity of these ministen
is shown in the following table : —

MMMchoMiU •••••• 47S

ir«w HMnpabin •••••• 891

Cktnnectlent •••••••• 115

y«niioiit ••••• 106

Maine 86

Great Britain 64

New York ••••.•••• 8S

PcnneylyaDla ••••••••••••• U

Donbtful U

Rbodeleland T

Ohio 6

Canada Dominion ••••• 6

NewJeraey. ••••.••..•••• 4

Mlehigan 1

Indiana •••••••. 1

Maryland 1

Bonth Oarollna 1

AftBea 1

Dividing the doubtful cases, only 125 were bom out of New England,
and Massachusetts and New Hampshire furnish almost two thirds of the
whole number.

In April, 1876, there were deceased 686, and still living 521. The
average age of the dead, as &r as known, is 64^ 3rears. The 293 minis-
ters who were ordained before 1800 averaged 66.55 yc^^rs ; of those
ordained since 1800, the average age of the dead is 62.90. It is not to be
inferred that the average age of ministers has fidlen off so much in this
century. Not till this entire generation, with all its longest-lived mem-
bers, has passed away can a just comparison be drawn. When the
nineteenth century is compared with the eighteenth in this particular, by
some future investigator, the average age for the two periods may be
found to be very nearly the same.

Education. — The education of these 1,207 ministers affords interesting
suggestions. Of the whole number, 897 were college graduates, and 41
pursued a partial course in college.

Six of the early ministers were from Cambridge, Eng., the sympathy of
which with freedom and progress was then, as always, so much more
thorough than that of conservative Oxford. Then came the long and for
many years almost unbroken succession of Harvard graduates led by Sea-
bom Cotton, although John Brock and Joshua Moodey were earlier in
college. From 1659 to 1733 Harvard furnished every pastor ordained in
New Hampshire, 32 in number, except James McGregore, and in 1774,
when the first Dartmouth graduate, Augustine Hibbard, was ordained,
Harvard had given the State 123 pastors. In all she has supplied 185
pastors and 10 other ministers, including 3 non-graduates.

The next important source of supply is Yale College, of which Joseph
Ashley, in 1736, was the first representative, and Pres. Wheelock the
second in order of graduation. The Yale classes of 1757-8 sent six pas-
tors to New Hampshire, — Burroughs, Noble, Leavitt, Niles, Olcott,
and Sumner. The whole number from Yale has been 78 pastors and 15
other ministers, of whom 4 did not graduate.

1876.] Ministry and Churches of New Hampshire. 597

In 1756 Dr. McClintock came from the College of New Jersey, the first
of twelve pastors furnished by that institution.

Dartmouth College sent out its first class in 1771, and of this class
Sylvanus Ripley became pastor at Hanover, as well as professor in the
college. Hibbard, of the next class, was, however, the first Dartmouth
graduate ordained in the State. In 1866 the number of pastors from
Dartmouth had become equal to those firom Harvard. The whole number
from Dartmouth is, pastors, 213, other ministers, 58, of whom 10 are
non-graduates.

The following table groups data of the principal colleges. Others
which have furnished less than ten ministers may be referred to by the
list of abbreviations on page 63.

COLLEGE TABLE.

00LI.BOE8.

Total.

Gradaatet.

Paatort.

Grad.
Pattore.

Amhont .••••.••••••.••••••

102

07

08

06

Bowdoin

47

47

20

20

Brown UnlTcnity ••••.•••.

87

80

27

20

Dartmoath • ••

271

201

213

210

Harvard • ••.«.•

196

102

186

188

Hiddlebary

40

48

88

87

Frineaton ••••.•••••.•••••••

18

12

12

li

XJnloD • •••

11

11

0

0

Vermont UniTenlty • • •••

18

17

18

12

Willlama

88

87

88

82

Tale

08

80

78

74

Other

04

50

61

40

Total ••• •

088

807

763

726

SEMINABT TABLE.

SXMIHAEISS.

TotaL

LeM.

Grad.

uatee.

Paatore.

Grad.
Paatore.

Andorer ..•••

884

20

803

281

227

Aabnrn

18

8

7

10

6

Bangor ••.

108

7

07

00

00

Chicago •

6

1

4

6

4

GUmanton..

41

6

86

83

20

Hartford

27

7

20

17

12

Harvard • ••

0

0

0

6

6

Lane •.•••••••.

8

2

0

0

4

OberUn

8

0

8

1

1

Prineeton

20

4

8

14

4

Union. ••• •

01

18

42

44

27

Yale

27

8

24

21

18

Total •••••

708
71

71

666

603

800

082

598 Minisiry and Cfmrckis of New Hamafskk^ [Oct

The second column in the Seminary table shows the deduction to be onde
for names repeated, and belonging more jnoperiy to a difierent inatilirtiQO»
These, taken from the total, show 633 as the number who have been
educated wholly or in part in these Seminaries. Of the 907 pastors so^have
been !n a Seminary and 396 graduated.

Of those who studied theology privately, as all did before 1812, c^hteca
were pupils of Dr. Emmons and nine of Dr. Burton. The first Andover
student ordained in the State was Seth Chapin. He was not a gradnate,
however, and to Richard Hall belongs the distinction of being the fint
graduate, both from Andover and Middlebury Coll^;e, to be settled m
New Hampshire.

Pastorates, — Nine hundred and seven different pastors have served
these churches. One hundred have been installed twice ; 13 three times,
and one has been pastor of four churches. Adding, we have 1,036 pastor*
ates, of which 600 began with ordination and 436 with installation. 173
pastors have died in office and 797 have been dismissed, leaving 77 in
service. The average length of the 970 completed pastorates is 12 yean,
5 months, and 16 days ; of the 182 terminated before 1801, 18 years, 2
months, and 7 days. This comparison illustrates the briefer term of tfie
modem pastorate; but it comes out more forcibly in the foct that as many
have been completed since September, 1838 (a period of less than 38
years), as in the 200 jrears previous; while of the 173 who died In office,
only 40 have done so in the latter period, and one half of all died before
1810.

Appropriate distinction is given by the following table to —

PASTORATES OF FORTY YEARS OR MORE.

Ainaworth, Laban, Jeffrey. 75. * f
Adam ■ , Joseph , Ne w iogton. 68.
Hill, Ebenezer, Mason. 64. • t
Pike, Jamee, Somerawortb. 62. * f
Plag9, Ebenezer, Cheater. 60. * f
Porter, Hantlng:ton, Rye . 60. * t
Merrill, Nathaniel, Hudson. 69.*
Bailey, Abner, Salem. 68. * f
Bmeraon, Daniel, Hollia. 68. * f
Porter, Nathaniel, Conway. 68. * f
Haven, Jacob, Croyden. 67. * f
Wood, Samuel, Boacawen. 66. * t
French, Jonathan, North Hampton. 65 * f
George, Enoa, Bamatead. 66.*
Shaw, Jeremiah. Monltonboro*. 66. * f
Barnard, Jeremiah, A mherat. 65. *t
Barstow, Zedckinh, B. Keene. 65. * f
Crosby, Jaazanlah, Oharlestown. 64.*
Haven. Hamuel, Portsmouth. 64.* f
Alien, William. Greenland. 68.* f
Parsons, Samuel, Rye. 62.* f
FiigK, Jeremiah, Ken«ington. 62.*
Walker, Timothy, Conoord. 6i.*

* Died in offlot*

Coahing, Jonathan, Dover. 52.* f
Kidder, Joaeph, Naahna. 52 * f
Robinson, Isaac. Stoddard. 52.*
Wood, Abraham, Cheaterfleld. 61.* f
DavidiOB, William, Derry. 61.*
Piper, Aaa, Wakefield. 60.* f
Bnmap. Jacob, Merrimac. 49.*
Miles, Noah, Temple. 49.*
Haven, Joseph^ RoclMSter. 49 *t
Ftu'rar, Stephen, New Ipswich. 49.* f
Odlin, John, Exeter. 48.* f
Moody, John, Newmarket, 8. 48.*t
MoCllntoAk, John, Greenland. 48. *
NeweU, Gad, Nelson. 47.* f
Peabody, Stephen, Atkinson. 47.*
Gay, Banker, Hinsdale. 47.
Fessenden, Tbomaa, Walpole. 4tt.* f
Bnmham, Amos,W., Rindge. 46.
Bodwell, Abraham, Sanbomton. 46.
Potter, Isaiah, Lebanon. 46.*
Wilson, John, Aubam. 45.*
Hidden, Samnel, Tamworth. 46.*
Whiton, John M., Antrim. 46.

t Had eoUeafue.

1876.] Ministry and Churches of New Hampshire. 599

Kellf, John, Hampctead. 44.
FUlier, EUaa, Lemp«ter. 44.* t
Prentioe, Joaiah, Northwood. 48.
BundMun, Abraham, Pembroke. 48.
WlIUiM, Daniel, Amhent 48.* t
Smith, iMoe, Ollmanton. 43.*
Adama, Joaeph, Stratham. 48.*
Bouton, Nathaniel, Oonoord. 42.
Howe, Perley, Barry. 42.
Tacke, John, Ooaport. 41.*
Tnuk, Nathaniel, Brentwood. 41'.*

Harrii, Walter, Dnnbarton. 41.
McGregore, Daniel, Londonderry. 41.*
CKtodridge, Bewail, Lyndeboro'. 41.*
Babln, John, FitxwlUiam. 40.* t
Patrick, William, Canterbury. 40.
Bpragne, Bdward, Dublin. 40.*
Parker, Edward L., Derry. 40.*
BaTage, Thomaa, Bedford. 40.
Lankton, Layl, Alatead. 40.
Bradford, Bphraim P.. New Boaton. 40.*
Total, 07.

Twenty-nine pastors have held their office 50 years or more, and only
one of these was dismissed, Mr. Adams, of Newington, and 25 had col-
leagues.

Thirty-eight pastorates extend from 40 to 49 years, including 17 cases
of dismissal and 9 of colleagues.

Dr. Barstow was the last representative of the half-century pastors.
Dr. Bouton was the last and is the only surviving pastor of 40 years'
service. Mr. Buxton's name may be added to the list, if his resignation
offered last year is not acted upon, for another.

Fifty-five pastors have served fit>m 30 to 40 years, and loi have served
from 20 to 30 years, including in the latter 10 who were not installed.
This makes 223 in all whose ministry exceeded 20 years.

Of kindred interest is the following list of those who reached the dis-
tinction of being, each in his time, the oldest pastor in the State.

Lererich, William. 1038.
Bachlier, Stephen. 163S.
Wheelwright, John. 1641.
Dalton, Timothy. 1642.
Dudley, Bamnel. 1602.
Cotton, Seaborn. 1683.
Moodey, Joahna. 1680.
Pike, John. 1097.
0#tton,John. 1710.
Bogera, Nathaniel. 1710.
Odlin,John. 1723.
Allen, Wll.iam. 17M.
Adama, Joaeph. 1700.
Pike,JameB. 1783.
Flagf , Sbenezer. 1792.
Bailey, Ahner. 1790.
Bmeraon, Daniel. 1798.
Haven, SamneL 1801.
Faurar, Stephen. 1800.
Chiy, Banker. 1809.
Ftoaaenden, ThomaA. 1810.
Kidder, Joaeph. 1S18.

Bnmap, Jaeoh. 1818.

Wood, Abraham. 1821.

Haren, Joaeph. 1823.

Porter, Nathaniel. 1825.

Wood, Bamnel. 1830.

Aina worth, Laban. 1830.

George, Bnoa. 1858.

Baratow, Zedekiah S. 1859.

Buxton, Edward. 1878.

John Odlln waa the aenlor pastor for 81

yeara.
Joseph Adams, of Newington, 28 yeara.
Luban AJnaworth, 22 yeara.
Bamnel Wood held the distinction leaa than

2 montha^ and John Ck>tton bat 17 daya.
William Leverich was not a Pastor, bnt he

was the first minister in the State, laboring

before any ehnrch organisation existed.
Bamnel Dudley also was not Pastor, becanae

the eourt interdicted the organization of

a chureh, but he waa aenlor minister 21

years.

Centenarians, — John Sawyer reached the age of 103 years; Laban
Ainsworth that of 100 years ; Stephen Bachiler was probably 100.
Sixteen died when between 90 and 100 years of age.

• Died in office. f Had coUeagua.

ESn-IFLA-TA..

faUropcHuIUlKT; knt It taontr jMtIo wythM i hrgail
■BthoritiM wUgfa wa cnnld not at tlw tlnH ^inalloii or nf]
fimrwUia man h>1>Kaaia(RuiiMow«faii;bDtiiiltlulio
■Dd (ombMoDM tn not tlnfa U tw tnuUd.

AlitMd, Fin, AIt^ C., I.not D,

AIIDD. amitl. 1140.

AlUoKB. PI«m, o. IMS. *

•• iDun :^nb». J. L., ■. lW-n.
FappUUtin, BIS.
B«rTlB«on, TinnT. David.
Bath, SfofaoU, I. fSB.

'< Kot dia. bnt •, 1811, JqIt 71.
BannlnMon, loaart UoCluiKinB, LI., *l. IW,

J«n.;lM!i,M«r.
Bradford, Qoodbas, dfi. Aug. 90.

OanMrbnrj, Dnldt, b«|im lB10,7vb.
Oharlnlovn, Clli»t4.

'■ Fuler, •, 1810.

OvlebrDok, liicrc Waldo, N., b. IRU-ISSL
" ■' FnU.U.. a.l)Jt,Oal. — ,

1M». Uar.
nitfid.iiM.Fvb.lt.

HIU. d

<« Oct.

" page, lesi, Aug. — , ISM, Aog.
Coneord, Notw, a. lEiiy 3.

DMrflold. OaBdat,dii.lBS3.

" Pi»8,lr..frlf,. IBTB.

'■ P.rwtn. iit. ISM. Jons,

Durban, Inaert Hull, Joarpb, i

SpKHa, Pdtnara.l. IHT.
Zi«tar.Efa.org. lS3fl.

" RpgEr., L nol 0.

" Cblokerini.t, ISU.
FrrmiiDt, loroierli' Pi^plln.

weo(?)-

IUt, dl>.

oippfl, Brock,

'irmwiBHr.

>', Pu-liidKi^/dl*. April la

nilliEoro'. _

Tlollla. Qordon

KlaeMSD, BMRunbs, I. nol o.

J- Bmlth. dl.. 8ej.t. 18.

•• Ue)lliih, dia. Jana i.

Laneaater. Inirit Petrf, C. a. IftU-IHl,
Lvbanoa, Owta, 1. Tlmy IS.
UhIWdd. Worutltr. o. liar. IT.
Uarlboro-, LynuD, dli. IMS, Wax.
H mHate, Hubbard, O. L.
Ullford. Plerw. Qeorn. Jr.
Umon. Doldl. dta. I9T0, Ju.

Lawrance, a. 1«6«, Dae.
us, K*rp, 0, S<!pt. SO.
)roke, Inwrl Carter, N. F., i

Tbomton, Eiiat
Ttnv, OoodhOP,

b. dWbandf^lSBl.Bnit.
>k, d[(. 1T8T. Oei. It.
ISM, Oct. — , 1«SB. April,
rbampaon. !„, •. lii^

Carpentei, _. ...

Obapin, a>D. F.. a. April
Cbaptn, Betb, Ir — ■ ' ■ '

BftcrJulT»id
rt A.t, IHI.

EldrBdre, onH a. alter a.
Bmeronn, T. A .. b. Wok^add.
eay, J.S., b, Fi-h. 7.
Earrii', Samuel. MU3,Eept.G; i
Holt,Kdwln,*, Julys.
Kendall, B. A . Concord. Eait.
IrfDkVD. L., b. I9M, a<t. HI; <

LanpbMr.'o. T., loaait d.d.
Lu*ll,oiBltAD4le.

MerrluB, Q. W., F.I and o. Uucb B.
' Uerilll.J. L.. o.OcI.31.
JUlM, K. O., U-t
Uoodj. Samuel, omit a.

PUkin, P. H„ Fan

BiDhnrdaon, Q. B.. Al>leai^, a.
Hlddel, B. H., b.jRD. a.
eballuct, A.F., A.t

«y. C, B..O. Uar.bl
t»B'.C.*'c.,o.Julrl

1876.] Congregational Necrology. 601

CONGREGATIONAL NECROLOGY.

Mrs. Anna (Belden) McLban, wife of Rev. Allen McLean, late
pastor of the Grove Street Congregational Church, of East Orange,
N. J., died at Nice, France, April 27, 1875, ^^ ^^ ^^ 0^ thirty-five.
She was born in Simsbury, Conn., July 21, 1840. Her parents were
Horace and Selina (Fowler) Belden, of that town. She was married
Dec. I, 1869. One child, a daughter, survives her.

From her earliest years Mrs. McLean exhibited a sweetness of
disposition and gentleness of spirit which won for her the love of
all who knew her j and yet with this gentleness was combined such
strong convictions of the right and such firmness of character that
nothing could cause her to swerve from what she felt to be her duty
towards God and man. At the age of about twenty years she pub-
licly professed her faith in Christ, coming out alone from the world
in a season of spiritual coldness. From that time she was ever
active in doing all in her power to advance the interests of Christ's
kingdom. Often was her voice heard in prayer in the social meeting
when others withheld themselves from such a service. Of her means
she gave liberally to objects of Christian benevolence, especially to
the work of foreign missions, in which she was deeply interested*
As the wife of a Christian minister she was unassuming, prudent,
happy, and useful. '^ In her tongue was the law of kindness."

After an illness of two years, during which no murmur escaped
her lips, she ''fell asleep" at Nice, where with her family she had
gone in the hope of prolonged life. Bidding her husband '' good-
night " as usual, she remarked, " Now I hope I shall go to sleep
and sleep till morning." She soon slept, and her morning dawned
in the world of glory. Her remains were brought home, and rest in
the family burial-place at Simsbury. a. m^l.

Rev. John Wolcott Starr, bom at Guilford, Conn., March 9,
1848, was graduated at Yale College, 187 1, and at Yale Seminary,
1874. During the summer vacation of Junior year he engaged in
missionary labor in the town of Stratton, Vt, and the following year
in the town of Sleepy Eye, Minn. Having finished his studies he
accepted an invitation from the Home Missionary Society, of New
Hampshire, to preach in the town of West Stewartstown ; he was
ordained at Guilford, Conn., June 18, and began his labors July 5,
1874. He died at West Stewartstown of pneumonia, June 22, 1875,
at the age of twenty-seven. Thus early was he called to leave

602 Cofigrigatumal Necrology. [Oct

Christ's ministry on earth to enter a higher and more blessed senrioe
in heaven. He was the son of John Shipman and Lydia Anstiii
(Lay) Starr, and was expecting to be married in a few weeks.

His outer life was always exemplary ; his inner life was beanlifiiL
Though his earnestness in prayer, his diligence in study, and In
conscientious observance of duty were always mariced, yet few sos*
pected the depth and intensity of bis religious aspirations ; but hb
diaries and letters disclose the fact that during the last four yem
he had put forth mighty efforts to attain a. higher Christian life
They bear traces of hard struggles with temptation, and poweiM
wrestlings with God in prayer ; they reveal a constantly increasiiig
earnestness of purpose and a rapid growth in grace ; they are, b
short, a beautiful picture of a soul striving heavenward. He r^
garded prayer as the principal means of grace for the Christian.
*' I want a heart to pray " was the strongest desire of bb soul. Ob
one occasion he writes, ''To pray well is worth the work (rf a life-
time."

Like all who maintain a close communion with God, he held Ms
soul to a strict account Every day he reviewed his life, and fiudh
fully recorded the events thereof in his journal, sometimes with tears
of rejoicing that God had helped him to be faithful, more often witfi
bitter anguish, because of his deficiencies and shortcomings. In his
habits of prayer and self-examination he bore a striking resemblance
to Edward Payson, from whom, indeed, he derived much inspiration
and help.

From early life he had been affected with a bodily infirmity which
at times caused him the most intense pain, and wholly unfitted him
for work. No one can realize how much he suffered from this
source ; yet he never murmured, never complained, and very seldom
referred to it His patient endurance of this great trial was often
the occasion of remark among his intimate friends.

It would naturally be inferred that a man of his religious habits
would be a diligent and accurate student ; and so he was. His
reasoning faculties were strong and acute, and he was fond of gn^
pling with the difficult problems of theology and metaphysics ; yet he
was also extremely practical, and valued knowledge only as it helped
him to understand God and man, and enabled him to reconcile the
latter to the former. As a pastor he was faithful and untiring in his
efforts to minister to the spiritual wants of hb flock. It could be
said of him that he was thoroughly devoted to his work. He entered
the ministry from choice, and regarded it as a great privilege to be
permitted to preach Christ's gospel to sinful men.

1876.] Ccitgregaticnal Necrology. 603

He was introduced to his field in Sleepy Eye, Minn., by Rev. Edwin
H. Alden, who writes of him as follows : " He had the reputation of
being a very earnest and unremitting laborer for Christ on that field.
In addition to his other labors he organized a Sunday School at
Golden Gate, where he often preached in connection with Sunday
School service. There also his memory is very precious. The con-
gregaUon at Sleepy Eye increased constantly under his preaching,
many of the young people especially becoming deeply interested in
his sermons. Some of them have since found the Saviour, and I
have no doubt received much of their first impulsion towards a bet-
ter life through his earnest and consistent life and preaching.

" Twice or more every Sabbath the Word of God is read to the
congregation worshipping there from the Bible which he gave to that
church. His work there was very successful, and his influence for
good will never cease. If he had done no work but that, it richly
paid for the time and sacrifice devoted to his education."

The same might also and even more truly be said of his last
year's work in West Stewartstown, where he left a community to
mourn him as one man, a church that had grown under his ministry
to miss his labors, and many hearts, which he had moved to a holier
life, to a sorrow no less real because silver-lined with precious mem-
ories and glorious hopes. h. w. p.

Rev. William Tyler, son of Ebenezer and Maty (French)
Tyler, was born at Atdeboro', Mass., Jan. 7, 1789. He was gradu-
ated at Brown University in the class of 1809, and after engaging for
some years in business pursuits with his father turned his attention
to the study of theology, and became a student with (he late Dr.
Emmons, of Franklin. '

He was twice married. His first wife was Miss Betsy Balcom,
whom he married July i, 1813. She died at South Weymouih,
Mass., June 9, 1823. By her he had one son, who is still living.
For his second wife he married Miss Nancy W. Newell, Nov. 29,
1815, who died in Auburndale, Mass., Feb. 14, 1876. By her he
bad eight children, of whom all but two survive.

He was licensed to preach in iSiS, and, February 24, 1819,
was ordained as co-pastor with Rev. S. Williams, at South Wey-
mouth, where he resided in the active and faithful discharge of
pastoral duties until 1832, when he was dismissed at his own request
and removed to South Hadley Falls as pastor of the church in that
village. The only place of worship was the upper room of a chapel.
Through his instrumentality a comfortable church was erected. In

604. Congregatioital Necrology. [OcL

1839 he resigned his pastorate and removed to Amherst to secure
better opporiunitJes for educating his children. While living ii
Amherst he frequently otSctaCed in neighboring towns under a com-
mission from the Massachusetts Home Missionary Society, and was
particularly interested in the churches at Pelham and New Salem.
In the former place a house of worship was built through his exer-
tions, and in the latter a church was organized. In 1847 he removed
to Northampton, where he edited a paper for two years. Thence,in
1851, he went to live in Pawtucket, and was sent as a delegate from
that town to the Massachusetts Constitutional Convention in 1853.
His last place of abode was Auburndale, whither he removed in
1863, and where he died, Sept. 27, 1875, aged eighty-six years, eighl
months, twenty days. Mr. Tyier was a man of large sympathies,
and deeply interested in all those movements, social and politicai,
which have so changed our national life during the last generation.
At the same lime he was conservative in his actions, always aimii^
at the things which make for peace. He was particularly mil
informed on all questions relating to the history and divisions of Ne«
England theology, and while no partisan, was always earnest ifl
asserting and defending the sounder orthodoxy of the last g«ien-
tion. A pleasant writer, an industrious reader, and a fluent con-
verser, he was ever ready both to receive and to impart instruction
and information-
He was eminently hospitable, and all who had occasion to viriUI
his house were ever made welcome to his genial home and bouotifid
table. In the words of his pastor, " His mind was erect, though liii
form was bent with the weight of years. To a life-time in the min-
istry he added the usefulness of many years as a good parishiona,
a kind neighbor an interested citizen. With a fearless utterana
and a hopeful spirit, he bore the convictions of maturity and it*
freshness of youthful feeling dovm to the gates of death."

1876.] Literary Review. 605

LITERARY REVIEW.

THEOUKilCAL AND RELIGIOUS.

In a. former number of the Quarterly (October, 1875, p. 587), we noticed
at some length the first volume of Mr. Abbott's proposed series of anno-
tatioDS on the New Testament. That volume contained notes on the
Gospels according to Mathew and Mark. We then commended both
the general plan of the author and the execution of that portion of his
work. Thai he might meet the immediate wants of the Sabbath Schools
which were then studying, in course, the Acts of the Apostles, Mr.
Abbott prepared and issued the notes on this book neM, leaving those on
Luke and John to be issued later.

The present volume, The Acts of the Apostles,' has thus been for

some time in the hands of biblical students. It has been found to have

the same general characteristics as the former, with, perhaps, somewhat

more of ease and freedom of manner, such as would be the natural result of

practice in the work of an anaotator. Carefulness in giving the results

of the latest scholarship, clearness and conciseness of statement, candor

in admitting and solving difficulties, just relative proportion in the extent

of comments, and a manifest purpose to exhibit the meaning of the text as

it is, without attempting to modify it in order to adjust it to any set of

opinions. — these are the marked excellences of the work, taken as a

whole. Teachers and the higher class of pupils in the Sabbath Schools,

with this volume at hand, will need few other helps. Its value is greatly

increased by maps exhibiting the missionary journeys of the Apostle

Paul, and a convenient Geographical Gazetteer, together with a large num-

^ ber of well-executed pictorial illustrations, presenting to the eye scenes

, and objects referred to in the text. The large class of students of the

Bible, for which Dr. Hackett's full and elaborate Commentary would prove

'' both too learned and too costly, will find in Mr. Abbott's book a con-

f venient, reliable, and generally sufficient manual. The publishers have

^* left nothing to be desired in the manufacture of the volume.

" As the International Sabbath School Lessons for 1877 are selected from

^ eight different books of the Bible, many teachers will find it difficult to

procure the separate commentaries on all these portions of Scripture. A

condensed volume of Sdtct NoUs^ has been prepared on these lessons,

designed fully to meet the wants of ordinary teachers. The plan of the

work was happily conceived and has been executed with great skill. The

volume is not large, and is furnished at a moderate expense ; and yet it

|rives quotations from nearly [wo hundred and fifty authors in explan

of the text, in illustration of its truths, and in a practical entbrcement q

these truths. Mr. and Mrs. Peloubet have peculiar natural qualification

for this kind of labor, and their large experience is a guaran

> See A. 5. Bimei & Co., p. 456.
• See Henry Ho]l, p. 615,
sicoND sExiis.^voi. niL i«a4. 40

6o6 LiUmry Rmfuw. [Oct

Lectures cm the Gospels'^ is the title of two volomes of sermons onte
Pericopes of ritualistic churdies. As an exposition of important sd»
tions of Scriptore they are worthy of attention. The s^e is simple ad
chaste. For devotional reading we know of but few disoonrses of dfoil
merit We commend them to the carefnl perusal of those wlio wodd
learn to preach scriptually, and to all wlio find delight in having Chiiit
brought near to their soids.

We are gratified to see that the discourses of Pres. Wayland* are itiH
kept before the public For their comprehensive grasp, their adminfale
diction, and their evangelical spirit they are a model iRdiicfa every miatiter
may profitably study.

Dawn to Sunrise * is the first offering made to the public by a lady «h>
certainly has a genius for writing. She discourses on Genesis, Ants*
diluvian Man and his Associates, The Deluge, The Confusion of Tongues
and Dispersion of the Tribes, Ophiolatry, Diabolism, Sabseism oc Star
Worship, China and its Religions, Persian Mazdaism, Brahnumm,
Buddhism, The Religion of Ancient Egypt, Moses and the ReUj^
he taught, The Scandinavian Religion, Tlie Religion of Greece and
Rome, Mahomet and his Religion, and Christianity.

She is bold in her speculations, has a winning imagination, uses at
times great strength of diction, and gives evidence of patient researd.

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL.

The study of Revolutionary history and of the spirit of the dajrs in which
that history was made may be counted among the richest fruits of the
observance of this centennial year. The scenes and incidents of the great
struggle in which the foundations of our national institutions were so firmly
and wisely laid have, almost of necessity, in the passing of three or four
generations, lost somewhat of their distinctness and very much of their
original impressiveness to the minds of the greater portion of the people.
Without recalling the men and their spoken thoughts, the events in which
they were the actors, and especially the spirit of sublime self-sacrifice
which marked that memorable time, it would have been impossible so to
celebrate this year that it should serve to rekindle a just veneration for oar
ancestors and to re^ve the decaying spirit of genuine patriotism. The
numerous discourses delivered by able men in all parts of the country—
discourses largely historical and patriotic in their character — have doubt*
less awakened, especially among the younger portion of our countrymen,
a quickened desire to learn more than they have generally known aboot
the birth of the nation and the throes by which it was attended. There is
likely to be for some time to come a more careful study of the records and

^ See Lutheran Bookstore, p. 6id

* See D. Lothrop & Co., p. 615.

* See Lovell Printing and Publishing Co^ p. 6i6b

1876.] Literary Review. 607

traditions reUttng to that inomeii«>ns conflict to which aa a people we owe
our grand inheritance.

In this view the Centennial Offtring^ by Heiekiah Niles, is emineatijr
seasonable. The author was widely known in his day as a faithful chron-
icler of events. It was his special genius for this sort of work that made
bia Register fiunous. Discovering, more than half a century ago, that the
fiicts of Revolutionary history were even then becoming less ^miliar, and
that important documents were in danger of becoming lost or buried in
oblivion, he made, with great care and pains, the collection embraced in
this volume, now reissued in a form worthy of the matter. It includes a
great number of "Speeches, Orations, and Proceedings, with sketches
and remarks on men and things, and other fugitive or neglected pieces
belonging to the Revolutionary Period of the United States." It is an
invaluable collection. It would reqtiire of any reader the labor of months
to search out from different sources and bring together the papers that are
here furnished to his hand. They are arranged in the order of the original
thirteen States, beginning with New Hampshire. They fill 532 pages, and
include a convenient index. The paper and type are all that could be
desired, and the publishers, Messrs. A. S. Barnes & Co., deserve the
thanks of the public for having made the volume so attractive. Every
educated young man, every intelligent citizen even, should be familiar with
these papers, and they will bear reading many times. The book will of
course find a place in every complete library, by the side of the standard
histories. When shall we see again in our leading public men the courage,
the integrity, the self devotion, the fer-seeing statesmanship that were
exhibited by so many of the men who may justly be styled the founders of
the republic ?

AuONG the volumes of historic interest, illustrative of our national devel-
opment with which this centennial year abounds, the First Ctntury of the
Hefiubiic^ deserves notice. It is made up chiefly of articles first published
in Harper's Magasine. These papers set forth our progress as a nation
in mechanics, manufactures, agriculture, mining, commerce, population,
wealth, government, education, science, literature, fine arts, medicine,
jurisprudence, humanity, and religion. They give a vast amount ctf
information, which is rendered acceaaibleby a general index. Theartides
vary in merit, and we notice that the paper on " A Century of American
Literature," by Edwin V. Whipple, shows the author's want of Uberality
in the prominence which he gives to so-called "liberal" writers, and in
the flippant and superficial manner in which he speaks of Calvinistic doc-
trines and authors.

Tkt Life, Letters, and Journals of Geergt Tieknor • are among the most
remarkable volumes of biography issued the present year. The subjec
of them was born in Boston in 1791, of good n " '~~

' See A. S. Barnes &

> See Harper & B

» See Jan " "

6o8 Library Riview. [Oct

a Uberal educatioii. After giadnatkm at Dartmoatfa in his sizlecatli jfos^
he pursued a stiU further course of ckissical studies for three years undflr
jKivate instnictioii ; he then studied law for three yearsi and bdog
admitted to the bar, devoted himself to the l^^al profession for one jev ;
but he felt more interest in classical studies and literary pursuits than m
the practice of tbe law, and hence abandoned his profession. He thet
spent a year in travelling in his own country, and in the stody of the Gc^
man language that he might be prepared to enter a German univershj.
His high social position enabled him to form personad acquaintance wSk
the most distinguished men of that day.

In the twenty-fourth year of his age, Mr. Ticknor went to Europe, and
visited various celebrities in England. Lord Byron made to him tlK
remarkable statement that while writing his '* English Bards and Scotch
Reviewers " ^ he kept house for a month, during which time he never saw
the light of day, rising in the evening after dark, and going to bed in the
morning before dawn." (Vol. I, p. 67.) Mr. Ticknor then entered the
University of Gottingen, which at that time sustained the relative rank now
accorded to the University at Berlin. Here he remained twenty moatiis.
While in Germany he became personally acquainted with Goethe, Schl^d,
Humboldt, Madame de Stael, Southey, Chateaubriand, Thorwaldsen, Nie-
buhr, Talleyrand, and many other men of tbe highest note. In his twen^
fifth year he received the ofier of the professorship of French and Span-
ish literature at Harvard. He then devoted neariy a year to travellii^ oa
the Continent, six months of it being spent in Spain.

Returning to England, he formed the companionship of such men as
Lord Holland, Sir James Mackintosh, Sjrdney Smith, Lord Brougham,
Lord Lansdowne, Ix)rd Lauderdale, Lord Auckland, Lord John Russell,
and their associates. He writes, " I have now become so weary with the
perpetual change of acquaintance that I generally seek, wherever I go, to
make myself as familiar as I can in one house, at the expense of all others.**
(Vol. I, p. 264.)

Mr. Ticknor was prepared to make the most of the advantages afibrded
him in such society, and his journals and letters are both instructive and
entertaining, furnishing portraitures of men and illustrations of the state
of society drawn with discrimination and skill. To read his lucid pages
is second only to the enjoyment of his privileges.

Mrs. Fletcher he pronounces ** the most powerful lady in conversation
in Edinburgh." Of Play fair he says, <* Playfair is a most interesting man
of seventy. I would rather be like him, in general temper, manners, and
disposition, than like anybody of that age I know." He writes, ••While
we were at breakfast (at Mackenzie's) Lord Elgin came in, — a man about
fifty, and as fat, round, stupid-looking a man as can well be found." (VoL
I, p. 279.)

Of Walter Scott he writes, ^ He is, indeed, the lord of the ascendast
now in Edinburgh, and well deserves to be, for I look upon him to be
quite as remarkable in intercourse and conversation, as he is in any of lus
writings, even in his novels. . • • His countenance, when at res^ is

1876.] Literary Review. 609

dull and almost heavy, and even when in common conversation expresses
only a high degree of good nature ; but when he is excited, and especially
when he is repeating poetry that he likes, his whole expression is changed,
and his features kindle into a brightness of which there were no traces
before. H is talent was developed late." (Vol. I, p. 280.) We give these
quotations as snatches of what we should be happy to give in fuller
measure, illustrative of the personages v^ith whom he was associated.

In his twenty-eighth year he returned to his own country and assumed
the professorship of the French and Spanish Languages and of the Belles-
lettres. He remained in his professorship fifteen years, during which he was
never ** absent from an exercise or tardy at one." (Vol. I, p. 200.) He
then visited Europe with particular reference to the health of his family,
and was absent about three years.

It was not until Mr. Ticknor was fifty-eight years of age that he gave to
the public his History of Spanish Literature, He had devoted ten years
to its preparation, and it remains to-day, twenty-seven years since it was
published, the standard authority on this subject.

Mr. Ticknor, at a later period, became engrossed in the enterprise of
establishing a vast circulating library for the promotion of the intellectual
improvement of the people. The result of his labors, and those of honor-
able associates, is seen in the Public Library of Boston, now numbering
over 200,000 volumes. In its early history, the labor of organizing, pur-
chasing, and cataloguing the books devolved upon Mr. Ticknor. It was
for the purchase of books for this library that he visited Europe the third
time, in 1856, and was absent between one and two years.

In advanced life he remarked that " the ancient civilizations of the world
had been undermined and destroyed by two causes, — the increase of stand-
ing armies, and the growth of large cities ; and that modern civilization
had now added to these sources of decay a third, in the hypothecation of
every man's property to other nations. (Vol. II, p. 493.) He died on the
26th of January, 1 871, in his eightieth year.

Mr. Ticknor delighted in the acquisition of knowledge, and had a " par-
amount and obvious purpose of making his knowledge, his experience, and
his thought of use to others, especially to the young, and of placing all his
powers at the service of his fellow-men." (Vol. II, p. 496.)

The first ten chapters of this memoir were prepared by Hon. George
S. Hillard, but on account of the failure of his health, the remainder
were compiled by Mrs. Ticknor and her eldest daughter. A large part
of the whole work consists of selections from the writings of the distin-
guished subject, and every lover of literature will find delight in its pages.

The seventh volume of The History of Reformation in Europe in the
Time of Calvin " ^ has just been issued. It includes within its view
Geneva, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Hungary, Poland, Bohemia, and the
Netherlands.

The writings of Dr. Merle d'Aubign^ are too well known to need com-

^See Robert Carter & Brothers, p. 613.

6io Liiirmy RevUw. [Oct

mendatkm, and the theme of which he treats is too important to etcaipe
attention. We join with Prot Godet, of NeudiAtel, in recommending *tUi
work to those who are glad to find wholesome nutiment fat the strength-
ening of their fiuth, to those who by contact widi a vivifying stream wtt
to give renewed vigor to their spiritual life."

The progress which has been made in Assyrian discovery since LayuYJ^
in 1845, began to open the great mounds of Nineveh and Nimroud, li
truly wonderfiiL Before the year just named some slight woric had beea
done by Mr. Rich, agent of the East India Company at Bagdad, and bj
M. Botta, French Consul at MosuL What they had done, however, wis
enough simply to excite curiosity among the learned nations of the Wct^
but not to satisfy it Layard was the first great explorer who gave schobis
the materials on which to display their learned skUL Through the labois
of the Rawlinsons, Lenormant, Oppert, Fox, Talbot, Geoige Smith, and
many others, the literature inscribed 3,000 years ago on these Assyria
walls and clay tablets is fut becoming the common property of tiie woriiL

The language with which these scholars have had to deal is caDed
variously cuneiform^ cumatic^ arrow-^keaded^ wit^i-skaptdy — as aD tliae
modes of designation are employed for one and the same thing. If one
looks at a specimen of the language he will see that a simple elementil
form or figure resembling a wedge everywhere appears grouped in almoit
endless combinations. The clew to its meaning was as simj^ almost ss
that which led to a knowledge of the Egyptian hieroglyphics. This ha-
guage was found to be what may be called a monuminUU language, not
confined to Assyria, but prevailing, in its essential features, througfaout
the old nations of Western Asia, down to the time of Alexander the Great
In Persia, a kingdom dominant after Assyria had passed away, were found
the trilingual inscriptions, f. e, the cuneiform inscriptions accompanied by
two others, in which the same meaning was given in other languages, just
as when the inscription over the cross was written in Hebrew, Greek, and
Latin, that all might read it The Persian inscriptions were mastered
with comparative ease, and through them a broad light has been thrown
upon the others. We need no longer doubt, in perusii^ such a volume
as that now before us, that we are reaching the real words and thoughts of
the ancient Assyrians.

The latest volume ^ from the pen of Mr. George Smith (whose recent
decease invests it with special interest), of the British Museum, is partic*
ularly devoted, as the title implies, to those legends designed to illustrate
the early chapters of the Old Testament We find on these Assyrian
tablets the story of the creation of the world, the faSH of man, the flood,
the building of Babel, which are strildngly Uke, and, in some respects^
strikingly unlike the Bible narratives. Especially in the story of tlie
flood, no reader can faA\ to be impressed with the remaricable pairallelism
between the two narratives, at the same time that he finds discrepancies
so positive and open that one record could not have been copied from tiie

1 See Harper ft Brothers, p. 545.

18/6.] Literary Review. 6ii

other. There is no rooni in a notice like this to go into minnte details ;
but we will indicate a few points. There are more people in the Assyrian
ark than in the aric of the Bible. The Aasyrian flood lasts onlj seven
dajs before the ark rests on the mountain Niiir; while in the Scripture
atory it is one year and ten days from the closing of the doors of the ark
before the inmates are released ; and the niouDtain where the ark rests Ii
Ararat in the Assyrian record, the first bird sent forth is a dove, which
rettims; then a swallow, which returns; then the raven, which "did eat; it
swam and wandered away, and did not return." In the Bible story a
raven is first sent out, "which went forth to and fro until the waters were
dried up firom the earth " ; next the dove was sent forth, which returned;
then after seven days the same bird was sent out again, and returned with
the olive-!eaf ; then after other seven days the dove was sent forth a third
time, and did not return. The same kind of discrepancies are found in
the legends of the creation and the &I1, but a still broader distinction is
found in the fact that in the Assyrian records, the heathen deities mingle
continually in the transactions, while the Bible keeps strictly to the mono-
theistic idea.

We cannot but think that one grand result of these Assyrian dlscoveriei
will be to curb that lawless spirit of certain modem scholars who assign
vast periods to human history, stretching out the ages of the past almost
at their own pleasure. It is clear that we know of no ancient empires,
having written records, which reach farther back into the past than Egypt
and Babylonia, and there is nothing gathered firom these Assyrian ruins
which would imply a beginning of empire here much earlier than 2,400
years before Christ. It is true that some Assyrian scholars assign much
longer periods ; but we feel quite sure, from all the developments thus
fer, that it will be impossible, except by loose conjecture, to carry ths
beginning of Babylon back, at the utmost, more than 3,500 or 3,000 years
before Christ. This is very difierent from the periods of 10,000 and 30,000
years, or even more, which some modem speculators are fond of using to
cover the periods of Egyptian and Assyrian history.

Again, we cannot but think that these Assyrian discoveries greatly con-
firm a suggestion which baa been often made, \\z. that a certain knowl-
edge of God and divine things was, for quite a long period of the eariy
world, coramoD to all the families and tribes of man, as they spread out
from a common centre. The idolatries which came afterwards were cor-
ruptions from this earlier &ith, and they were &r purer and more elevated
in the beginning than in later generations. It is very certain that these
Assyrians had a remarkable amount of knowledge in respect to the things
recorded in the early chapters of the Bible ; and yet it is almost equally
certain that the Bible was not copied from tl . - . ..

monuments and tablets were not copied from t
strangely unlike in certain respects as they are 1!
whole, the Old Testament Scriptures gain most Ihj
these Assyrian discoveries. No reader of the B ' '
the anthors of the "Kin^s" and the "Chroini

6i3 LiUraty Rgukw. [Oct

Isaiah, Jeremiah, Eaeldel, and others, in their nomeroiis references t»
Assjrria, to Nineveh, to Babylon, in some way knew exactly what tii^
were writing about Moreover, those earlier records of the times imne*
diately following the flood, when the first foundations of empire were laid,
so fiir firom being discredited by these researches, reveal £u:ts and inci-
dents towards which these Assyrian inscriptions seem all the while ts
point We cannot doubt that the truth of God is to be more firmly estab-
lished among men by the remarkable process now going on in the de-
ciphering of these ancient tablets.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Among the works essential to every good library are encjrdopaedias and
dictionaries. By the latter we would designate something more than
mere lexicons, and include gazetteers or all works giving information on
any subject under words alphabetically arranged. The department of
Biography, in particular, is one of ever-increasing interest Tkt DtcHmofy
of American Biography ^^ including men of the time, by Francis S. Drake,
is as nearly of a standard character as is practicable in the nature of this
department of literature. It contains about ten thousand notices of per-
sons who have been prominently connected with the Arts, Sciences, liter-
ature. Politics, or History of the American Continent The notices being
brie^ the author is able to include names omitted in some extended ency-
clopaedias. Obviously it has been the design of the patient and laborious
auUior to do justice to all who have a claim on his attention. We com-
mend his work as of great value to students and intelligent readers.

In the list of standard authorities we would call attention to HaydtCi
Dictionary of Dates.^ The first English edition of this work was pub-
lished in 1 841, the twelfth in 1866^ and this American edition in 186^
It is not a collection of dry dates, but in the. language of Mr. Vincent,
the English editor, we would describe it as " a digested summary of every
department of human history brought down to the very eve of publication."

Since our last issue the series of volumes known as The American
Cyclopadia^ has been completed. The magnitude of the work is seen in
the fact that it contains 13,439 royal octavo pages, and cost fi-om the
outset nearly a million dollars. The publishers now announce an addi-
tional volume, giving a General Index of the entire series, "exhibiting, in
alphabetical order, everything treated of in the work, whether professedly
as the subject of a leading article, or incidentally in connection with it,
and whatever is casually alluded to, in such a manner as to convey useful
intelligence by the connection or otherwise, and inserting subjects not
treated of by name, on which information may be found under other
names." This will add greatly to the value of the work as a whole.

^ See James R. Osgood & Co., p. 61^
^ See Harper & Brothers, p. 615.
* See D. Appleton & Co., p. 614.

1876.] Literary Review^ 613

BOOKS RECEIVED.

Harper 6r» Broihirs, New York.

Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literatare.* Prepared by
Rev. John M'Clintock, D. D., and James Strong, & T. D. Vol. VL M£-N£V.
1876. Royal 8vo. pp. 997. ^^5.00.

The Mikado's Empire. Book I. History of Japan from 660 B. C. to 1872 A. D.
Book II. Personal Elxperiences, Observations, and Studies in Japan, 1870-
1874. By William Elliot Griffis, a. m., late of the Imperial University of Tokio^
Japan. 1876. 8vo. pp. 625. ^^4.00.

Haydn's Dictionary of Dates, relating to all Ages and Nations, for Universal
Reference. Edited by Benjamin Vincent, Assistant Secretary of the Library of
the Royal Institution of Great Britain. Revised for the use of American Read-
ers. 1872. 8vo. pp. 541. ^5.00.

Historical Studies. By Eugene Lawrence. 1876. 8vo. pp. 508. $3.00.

The First Century of the Republic : A Review of American Progress. 1876.
Royal 8vo. pp. 506. $5.00.

Comparative Zoology, Structural and Systematic. For use in Schools and Col-
leges. By James Orton, A. M. 1876. 8vo. pp. 396b ^2.oa

History of the Intellectual Development of Europe. By John William Draper,
M. D., LL. D. Revised edition in two volumes. 1876. 8vo. Vol. I. pp. 438.
VoL II. pp. 435. ^3.00.

A General History of Rome from the Foundation of the City to the Fall of
Augustulus, B. C. 753~A. D. 476. By Charles Merivale, IXD., Dean of Ely.
1876. i2mo. pp. 701. $2.oa

A General History of Greece from the Earliest Period to the Death of Alexan-
der the Great. With a Sketch of the Subsequent History to the Present Time.
By George W. Cox, M. a.. Author of " Tales of Ancient Greece," " Mythology
of the Ar3ran Nations," et& 1876. i2mo. pp. 709. ;^2.oa

Hay Fever ; or. Summer Catarrh : Its Nature and Treatment Including the
early form, or " Rose Cold "; the later form, or ** Autumnal Catarrh "; and a
middle form, or " July Cold," hitherto undescribed. Based on Original Re-
searches and Observations, and containing Statistics and Details of several
hundred Cases. By George M. Beard, a. m., m. d. i2mo. pp. 266. ;^2.oo.

Scribmr^ Armstrong A* Cc^ New York^

Lectures on the History of the Jewish Church. By Arthur Penrhyn Stanley, D. d..
Dean of Westminster. Third Series. From the Captivity to the Christian Era.
With two maps. 1876. Crown 8vo. pp. 549. $4.00.

Christian Nurture. By Horace BushnelL 1876. i2mo. pp. 407. $1.50.

Epochs of Modem History. The First Two Stuarts and the Puritan Revolution.

1603-1660. By Samuel Rawson Gardiner. With four maps. i6mo. pp. 222.

$i.oa

Rol^ert Carter <&• Brothers^ New York.

History of the Reformation in Europe in the Time of Calvin. By the Rev. J. H.
Merle d'Aubign^, d. i>. Translated by William U R. Gates. Vol. VIL Gen-

6i4 LUmwy Rmfkm. [Oct

Cfi, PH—iitt Sweden, Nonnqri Hmfujv WkuA, BdkoHii, Tlw NctiberiBiii
TIm JvQpMBMt off JcnnuMi pracBdM in ScnplMro raUuMtt ni HirtQiy* By Bfi«

WHLfttlQi^D^ik NewHsfcn. 1877. lama ppt 231. #1-^

Tbtl^vtllMiandOllwrPimoticd Sennoai. By Rcr, Siniii S, IBtdi^ anb
l^7^ tSM. pp.^ fi-sa

Howim of Hm Forest and Odier Storiei. Bf ICn. Sherwood. 1877. itek

Tl» 1^^ of D17; or, A Scries of the Esriiest ReUgioos Instmction tiw Infot
IGHdiicspsbleof leoeinQK. With Veises fllustratiTe of the Sobjeds. i^.

Ths litOe WoodMA and Other Stories. BI7 Ids. Sherwood. 1877. i6m

JMi 6* Itad; Ato r«rA

nsb"^ MoaMhood : A Seqori to ** Slsie'ii Wonanhood.'* B7 Maitiis fU^
qPlfqoiiMWii^ Awther of the *Stoiy of BsJeb" '^Casdla,'* «« Waate^ a Fei-
fN^'^M; itea pp.3(7€w »i,sa

MKfte wd llie SIMS ; 01; te BBde and the Piiblic Sdioob. BySaasdH
S|pMM«&.&. il^ MM. PIK393. $1.50.

lOiendhJwi. Tte Ommsb of Go4 ths T^M Trini^. By Robert IX Wecb.

Itar %e Hmmr"^ Hssit. By Rev. K. P. Roc^ Aodior of ^BaiiiecB Bsmed
Awi9^* ^'WWt Om Shs Do^* *'fVoBi Jest to Earnest,'* etc. etc tmk

TW Awetktta CydofMedia: A Popalar Dictkaury of General Knowledge.
£d^ltd l)9> Geovft R^ley and Charies A. Dana. VoL XV. Shomer^TVoUope.
t^^ Ro5«l$tra. PP^^tS. VolXVI. Trooibone-Zynioeia. pp.844. Pl^

JL S. B^rma 6* O, Niw Vtrk.

f1nt$it^laOtfnenillfistoiy: A Snggettrie Ootline. By Arthnr Gflman, ic.il,
A«th<r of «* First Steps in Englidi literatnre.'* *" Seven Historic Agei," dc
ThMfid»<ML Rrrised iteo. ppcjSs- ti^

Svitflk HisiiMk Aftt; «^ T^tBa abont Kiag^ Qneen^ and Bariiariaas. Bf
Anhsr Cftiawa> )i.a. iteo. ppi 144. $uoix

FSm^^efnlaRei^UiuafHk ByAi^nrGikaa^iCA. t6nso. pp. 243. fLoa

Mwwkl <4^0eMne«rr Mid Ceak Sc<snna» widi AppficatiaM to Trifoaonctiy and
McnMMaiMek Bf WaSiiaaGk Fed^ uuik 1876^ ubm. pp.366i. $i.6a

SM«»«fI>«%hllferaieS«ndaTSclMML A CoDedion of veiy Choeoe So^k B7
3LM>Pin^ PP^^S^ 3S oeais h^^ aaai, poaipaid.

% WiSJ^merhmm 6* O, Ate IML
of LaaaCTai»«;ia iBSHUctwin wMi a SyitenMlic and
LMik Reader. B^G«siatwiFiKhei^u.ik 1876. 8vo. P?^*^ (i-^S*

luisnuofRei^Ci— BM BNrS> W. Whiracy,A,M, 1875. i^^^ ppui6a
tc ones. FeraeitWJ>UniwHiHt>39

1876.] LiUrary Review. 615

Amerktm TVmet Soeitfyf New York.

Rothie's Venture ; or, Flowers, Fmit, and Thorns in Glenbnry. By the Author
of *< A Summer m the Forest " and ** Floy Lindsley and Her Friends." iSma
PP-336. >i^S-

May Stanhope and Her Friends. By Margaret £. Sangster, i6mo. pp. 35a. f l.35«

A Happy Summer ; or, The Children's Journey. By S. Annie Frost Quartow
pp. 185. $1.25.

The Home Garden. Compiled by Mrs. M. W. Lawrence. 33mo. pp. 256^ f i.oa

Anurican TVaet Society^ Boston,

Mother West's Neighbors. By Mrs. Jane Dunbar Chaplin. 1876^ xSmo.
pp. 15a 90 cents.

The Rescue. By W. W. Newell, D. D. 1876. 32mo. pp. 5a Cloth, 25 cents ;
paper, 10 cents.

James R. Osgood 6* Co^ Boston,

Dictionary of American Biography, including Men of the Time, containing nearly
ten thousand notices of persons of both sexes, of native and foreign birth, who
have been remarkable or prominently connected with the Arts, Sciences, Liter*
ature. Politics, or History of the American Continent Giving also the Pro-
nunciation of many of the foreign and peculiar American names, a Key to the
assumed names of writers, and a Supplement By Francis S. Drake. 1876.
Crown, 8vo. pp. 1019. |doa

The Echo Club and other Literary Diversions. By Bayard Taylor. 18761 x8mo.
pp. 187. ^^1.25.

Poems of Places. Edited by Henry W. Longfellow. England. i8ma Vols.
I, II, III, and IV. pp. 250^ 264, 280^ 266. ;^i.oo each.

Vest-Pocket Series. The Eve of St Agnes and Other Poems. By John Keats.
Illustrated. 1876. pp. 96^

Rab and His Friends, and Maijorie Fleming. By John Brown, M. D. Illustrated.
1876. pp. 93. 50 cents each.

Ziitt//, Brown 6* CVi, Boston.

History of the United States of America, from the Discovery of the Continent
By George Bancroft. Vol. VL 8va pp.635. ^2.25.

D. Lothrop 6* Cot Boston.

Salvation by Christ A Series of Discourses on Some of the Most Important
Doctrines of the Gospel. By Francis Wayland. i2mo. pp. 386. 11.5a

Four Girls at Chautauqua. By Pansy. Author of "Ester Reid," *^ Grandpa's
Darlings," etc. i6mo. pp. 474. f 1.50W

The Randolphs. By Pansy. i6ma pp. 44a f 1.5a

Henry Hoyt, Boston.

Select Notes on the International Sabbath School Lessons for 1877, Explana-
tory, Illustrative, and PracticaL With Maps and Table of the signification and
pronunciation of proper names. By Rev. F. N. and M. A. Peloubet 8vo.
pp. 229. I1.25.

6i6 LiUrary Rtmsw. [Oct

Maybee's Stepping-Stonot, trailt of the Golden Tezti. By Archie Fell, anther
of <" Earthen VeMela," ''Worth Whiles" ''Apron Stringt," etc. iSmo. pp.
347. tiA^

Walter Robertson. By Arthur £. Clesson, author of "Charlie Bartletfi Adfci-
turesy^etc. iSma pp.256. fi.i$.

Preside Talks ; or, Stories on the Commandments. By C £. K. Davis, anthor
of " Bemice,*' " Daisy Deane," etc. i8mo. pp. 22a 75 cents.

The International Question Book on the Uniform Series of the Sabbath Sdiool
Lessons, adopted by the International Conmxittee for 1877. By Rey. F. N.
Peloubet. Part I, for older scholars. Part II, for children and youth. Put
III, (by Mary J. Capron and Mary A. Peloubet), for the youngest scholar
15 cents each.

E. 7. Goodruk, Oberlin, Ohio.

The Holiness Acceptable to God, according to Scripture. By John Moigan, ixa
iSma pp. 119. 75 cents. For sale by M. H. Saigent, Boston.

Lmtkeran Bookstmrt^ PkUddelpkia.

Lectures on the Gospels. For the Sundays and Chief Festiyals of the Chnn^
Year. By Joseph A. Seiss, d. d., Pastor of the Eyangelical Lutheran Churdiof
the Holy Communion, Philadelphia. 18761 Two volumes. 8vo. pp. 1160.
$5.oa

LiiveU Printing and Publishing Co., Rouses Pnnt^ New York

From Dawn to Sunrise : A Review, Historical and Philosophical, of the Rdigiooi
Ideas of Mankind. By Mrs. J. Gregory Smith. 1876. I2ma pp. 4061

f2.00.

PAMPHLETS RECEIVED.

A Historical Discourse delivered at the Centennial Celebration of the Cong.
Church in Campton, N. H., Oct 20» 1874, by Rev. Quincy Blakely, Pastor
of the Church, and other Papers read on the occasion, with an account of the
Proceedings at the Celebration. 1876. 8vo. pp. 78. 50 cents.

The Dover Pulpit during the Revolutionary War. A Discourse commemorative
of the distinguished service rendered by Rev. Jeremy Belknap, d. zx, to the
cause of American Independence. Preached by Rev. George B. Spalding, July
9, 1876. Dover, N. H. 8vo. pp. 31.

Reminiscences of a Long Ministry. A Sermon preached before the Conference of
Congregational Churches in Northern New London County and the vicinity, by
Rev. T. L. Shipman, June 28, 1876. Norwich, Conn. 8vo. pp. 27.

The Concio ad Clerum for 1876. Preached at Norwalk, June 20, before the
General Association of Connecticut, by Charles Ray Palmer. New York and
Chicago : A. S. Barnes & Co. 4to. pp. 29.

Two Sermons : I. On leaving the Old ChapeL II. On entering the New. By
Noah Porter, President 1876. New Haven : Judd & White. 8vo. pp. 49.

New York Centennial Celebration. Dr. R. S. Storrs' Oration on the Declaration
of Independence, and the E£Eects of It New York : A. D. F. Randolph & Ca
8vo. pp. 8i.

1876.J Editor's Table. 617

EDITOR'S TABLE.

Erratum, — The name, Calvin Cotton, on page 554, first line, should be Calvin
Colton.

Honest Credit, — Rev. Tryon Edwards gives in the June number of Scribnet^s
Monthly a learned article on the ** Pilgrims and Puritans.'* It is chiefly a com-
pend of Benjamin Scott*s notable lecture before the Friends' Institute in London,
in 1866, and the articles of J. Wingate Thornton, Esq., on "The Historical
Relation of New England to the English Commonwealth," published in the
Quarterly, As to the former of these the compiler makes suitable acknowledgment
for " not a few of the facts, as also for expressions in this article." He then adds,
** The able articles of Mr. J. W. Thornton, in the Congregational Quarterly for
1874, also throw much light on the rise, progress, and influence of both Pilgrims
and Puritans in their relations to both Old and New England." After Mr.
Thornton had spent weeks and months in thorough historical research, and had
enriched his articles with rare quotations from a great variety of sources, it was
very convenient for Mr. Edwards to be able to give a page of these quotations,
as an array of his own extensive learning ; but, in making such use of them, did not
honesty require that he should directly acknowledge the source whence he derived
them, instead of simply stating in a note that Mr. Thornton's articles " throw
much light " on the subject } Historical knowledge without original research is
cheap in our day, but when it is put on the market it should not be made to appear
other than it really is.

Negative Doctrine, — In a history of " Unitarianism in America," a writer in
The Unitarian Review ^ of June, specifies four negations as characterizing that
sect First. ** That the being of God is in any way divided^ that He has more than
one person, that He is threefold in essence." Second, ** The doctrine of native
depravity. Unitarianism, with whatever definition of sin, its cause, its nature, or
extent, has always denied the doctrine that men are bom into the world sinners,
and nothing but sinners, aliens from God, and proper victims of His wrath."
Third, " ThcU Jesus Christ bore upon the cross when He died the penalty and suffering
due to the collected sins of the world of men in all time ; that He was a substitute for
men in the retribution of God, or that His death was in any way a vicarious sacri-
fice." Fourth, " The plenary verbal inspiration of the Scriptures, It denies that
the words and letters of the Bible are any more than the writing of men, or that they
are to be judged as anything else." (p. 594.) The words here put in italics by the
author were evidently designed to set forth the essential ideas made the subjects
of negation. Two things should here be noticed, — first, that these italicized words
give a caricature of orthodoxy ; and second, that the clauses following the italicized
words evidently cover more ground than the italicized clauses. That there have
been individuals among the orthodox who believed, specifically, what is expressed
by the italicized clauses, we do not deny ; but that these clauses are a fair repre-
sentation of ** the orthodoxy of forty years ago " we do deny. As a representation
of what the Unitarians denied at that period they are erroneous and deceptive.
The author shows his consciousness of this fact by adding clauses which cover
more ground, although he is not ingenuous enough to openly recognize them as
covering more. After his statement of the negation as to the inspiration of the
Scriptures^ he adds, "Orthodoxy now makes the same deniaL" Granting that
orthodoxy does deny technically verbal, in distinction from plenary inspiration, it

Cifl^Ac-fc' /«c<v^i^<9r/ —Tie ;^
f^4ivvmf^7 M^fSTMil v^ 5ir sie yaryum ii

fe iS prwuM Sue sie C

fe ^Ui^ptr tiut 'ysr r'M vil^ be tanmktd bf

I

occaMOBior ctitmnhif tW bcit bccImkI of

1876.] Editof^s Table. 619

One of our watchful home miasionary superintendents at the West has recently
given us information which to us is startling. He gives in detail the history of
divers clerical tramps, who have for a time secured a foothold among the churches
in that vicinity. They generally come from other denominations, and often from
Canada or England. He has observed the ^ tendency among ministers to flee from
one denomination to another when they know they have done wrong, before the
matter has come out or before it is sufficiently known to prevent their obtaining
'dean papers.' So, too, when such a minister has been silenced or deposed, he
sometimes has the effi'ontery to introduce himself to a church, and ask for the priv-
ilege of preaching for a time on triaL" He is plausible, self-confident, sodable,
and gushing. The unwary and confidmg committee of supply are pleased with him,
and engage him for two or three Sabbaths. He preaches his best sermons (or his
best selections from Bushnell, Robertson, Spurgeon, or some other favorite
preacher), strikes the popular chord, and the congregation, who have been waiting
for the appearance of a prodigy, at once conclude, without any inquiry into his
history or record, that he is verily the "great power of God."

He promises to preach for any salary they can raise, preferring not to receive any
mid (or supervision) from the Home Missionary Society ; he is " hired " as an " act*
ing pastor " for a year ; as such is sent up to the district and State Conferences,
where, perhaps, his record and standing are not inquired into, — for some of our
Conferences have adopted the theory that, as every church has a right to select
its own minister without consulting other churches, it has also the unquestioned
right to representation in the Conference by this minister; he thus becomes enrolled
among the members of the Conference, and his name goes with the rest into the
statistics of the State Register. In this easy way a certain Englishman, whose
(assumed) name he gives (and it may be found in six or seven successive num-
bers of our Quarterly in its alphabetical place), secured employment, and even
appointment as a Home Missionary, without presenting credentials or sustaining
any examination by council. *^ He was an inveterate smoker, and oftentimes the
worse for liquor ; he could not sustain himself more than a year in a place," At
last " he floated off " into another State, where he was detected and *' posted as
an impostor.*' This is simply a sample of one class of cases. There are others,
who cannot be proved to be impostors, who are yet wholly unfit for the work
of the ministry, — who, having failed elsewhere, wish to try again. Careful exam-
ination into their record would prevent their being called ; but in many instances
they are tried and found wanting, though not until church after church has been
nearly ruined.

One man of this dass invented a patent method for getting rid of an uncom*
fortable member : he influenced the church to vote to disband, and then attempted
to organize it anew with that man left out in the cold I Of course, he ruined the
church.

The following is an extract, verbatim et literatim^ from a letter recently received
from a person in Missouri, under date of ** Sip 4th " : —

** I have spent most of my religious life as a Methodist minister have been a
Congregationalist but two years I now propose to labor in Michigan after having
spent the month of October in Moody's meetings in Chicago will you favor me
with a list of your vacant churches I would like say two small Churches where
there would be plenty of mateal in the County where I could bold revival meet«
ings I have dedded that this shall be my special work the rest of my life I am
now holding meetings in the County but it is all for other denominations our
people have no hold in this part of the state and the people are verry mutch

18/6.]

Quarterly Record.

62 1

QUARTERLY RECORD.

GHITKOEES FOBMED.

ARRORVrLLE, Neb., July 19, 9 memben.

BELOIT, To., An^. 24. 9 members.

BUKN'd, Minn., July 27, 9 m-mbam.

CAHB KIA, MlDn. ( WeUh), April 30, 9 mem-
bers.

ORBTB, Neb. (Gkrman), June 11, U mem-
bers.

IOWA RTDGB. Neb., Sopt. 10, 9 members.

UTTLB SHASTA VALLEY, Cal., 15 mem.
bers.

liOFPATT, Tenn., June 8, 10 memben.

ORO F[NO. Cal., 10 members.

RED WILLOW, Neb., July 2, 8 members.

800TT PRECINOT, Neb. (OermMi}, Jaly
90, 17 members.

SPRING RANCH, Neb., June 25, 8 mem-
bers.

WAVBRLY, Neb., An^. 24, 12 members.

WELDON CREEK, Mich., Jaly 9, 9 mem.
bers.

mUBTEES OEDAUTE]).

AROHTBALD, ANDREW W.. to the work
of the Ministry, in Nevin, Ic, Aug. 24.
B<>rmon bv Rev. William M. Brooks, of
Tnbor Coileire.

BARNUM, AUaUSTINB, over the Ch. In
Caodor, N. Y., Jane 14. Sermon by
Rev. Charles M. Tyler, of Ithaca. Or.
dainln? prayer by Rev. Thomas K.
Beeeher, of Elmira.

BRYANT, 8AMUKL J., over the Ch. In
South Britain, Ct., Aug. 30. Sermon by
Rev. Leonard Bacon, d. d., of Yale Bern.
Inary. Ordaining prayer by Rev. John
Churchill, of Woodbury.

00R8BIB, If. M.. 10 the work of the
Mini»try, in Seymour, Wi«., Aug. 31.
Sermon by Rev. William Crawford, of
Qroen Bay. Ordaining prayer by Rev.
Morf an L. Basiman, of Itoyalton.

ORAWPORD, C. H., to the work of the
Ministry, In Florence, N. Y., June 26.
Sermon by Rev. Ethan Curtis, of Cam*
den. Ordaininff prayer by Rev. Samuel
Johnson, of Rodman.

DODQE, DANIKL D., to the work of the
Ministry, in Nashua, N. H., Sept. 17. Ser>
raonby Rev. Jeremiah K. Aldrich,of Kve.

ELY, JOSEPH E., to the work of the Mln-
istry, in Orange Valley, N. J., June 21.
Sermon by R<>v. Charles D. Helroer,
D. D., of Brooklyn, N. Y. Ordaining
prayer by Rev. Jonathan Edwards, of
Fhiladelphia, Pa.

FEEMSTEli, M. S. B., to the work of the
Ministry, in CKxkI Hope, Mo., May 18.
Sermon by Rev. J. A. Wick*.

FBRNKR, JOHN^ W., over the Ch. in Wau-
ponsle. III., July 17. Sermon by i<»*v,
Franklin W. Fifke, d. d., of Chicago
Seminary. Ordaining prnyer by Rev.
Flavel Bascoro, d. d., of Ottawa.

FRY. SMITH D.. over the Ch. in Grand-
ville, Mich., July 6. Sermon by Rev.
Leroy Warren, of Orand Haplds. Or-
daining pnyer by Rev. Nathaniel K.
Evarts, of Corinth.

GRANT, B. F., to the work of the Ministry,
in Newcastle, Me., July 19. Sormon by
Rev. John R. Chalmers. Ordaining
prayer by Rev. Josiah H. Stearns, of
Eppinff, N. H.

HOLBROOE, ZBPHANIAH S., over the
Oakland Oh. in Chieago, 111., Jane 21.

Sermon by Rev. Edward P. Gk>odwln,
D. D., of Chicaao. Installing pmver by
Rev. Goo. S. F. Savage, d.d., of Chlcai^o.

J0NE3, DAVID L., to the work of the Min-
istry, in South Freeport, Me , Aug. 24.
Sermon by Rev. Uichard W. Jenkins, of
Wlnthrop. Ordaining prayer by Rev.
Ezra n. Bvlngton, of Brunswick.

LEE, ALBERT, to the work of the Ministry,
in Rutland, N. Y., Aug. 10. Sermon by
Rev. John H. Crum, of Antwerp. Or-
daining prayer by Rev. Russell M. Keyei,
of Conneant, O.

UNKLBTTER, ELIHU, to the work of the
Ministry, in Almlra. Mich., Aug. 18. Ser«
raon by Rev. Levi P.Waldo, of Frankfort*

LUDWIG, CASmiR B.. to the woik of the
Ministry, in Hubbardston, Mich,, June
28. Sermon by Rev. Leroy Warren, of
Grand Rapids. Ordaining prayer by
Rov. Levi P. Spotroan, of Stanton.

OLIPHANT. CHARLES, over the 2d Ch. in
Orange Valley, N. J., July 12. Sermon
by Rev. Oliver B. Daggett, D. D., of New
Liondon, Ct.

PHir.LIPS, WILLIAM I., to the work of
the Miniiitry. in CoUese Springs, Jo ,
Sept. 1. Sermon by Rev. Joseph W.
Pickett, of Dcs Moines.

SIMPSON, ADAM, to the work of the
Ministry, in Fairmount, Minn., An«. 1.
Sermon by Rev. L. Henry Cobb, of Mln-
neapolii. Ordaining prayer by Rev.
Oliver P. Champlin, of Sleepy Bye.

SKBELS, HB^^KY M.. over the Ch. in
Turner's Junction, 111.. June 23. Ser-
mon by Rev. Cornelius B. Dickinson, of
Elgin. Ordalnlnic prayer by Rev. Lath-
rop Tavlor. of Wheatoo.

SMITH, GUORGE S., t'> the work of the
Ministry, In Atlanta Ga., July 13. Ser.
mon by R»*v. C. W. Fruncls.

UPTON. AUGUSTUS G., to the work of
the Ministry, in BIyrla. O.

YAGKR, GUAXVILLB. to the work of the
Ministry, in Provlneetown, MasM., June
20. Sermon by Rev. Emory G. Chad,
dock, of Wellfleet. Ordaining prayer by
Rev. Edward W. Noble, of Truro.

MIHI8TEB8 IHSTALLEI).

CHAMPLIN, Rov. OLIVER P., over the
Ch. in Sleepy Eye, Minn., Julv 25.
Sermon by R^v. L. Henry Cobb, of
Minneapolis. Installing prayer by Rev.
Edward H. Alden, of Alben Lea.

HANNA, Rev. J. A., over the Ch. in
Thompson. Ct , July 27. Sermon by
Rev. Edwin S. Gould, of Providence,
R. I. Installlnff prayer by Rev. Henry
M. R'^gers, of Webster, Mass.

HITOHCOCK. Rov. ABRAHAM F., over
the Ch. in Eureka. Cal., June 19. Ser-
mon by Rev. Jacob A. Strong, of Santa
Cruz. Installing prayer by Rev. Theo-
dora Bealzlev. of iiydesvilie.

PARK, Rev. WILLIAM K., over the Ch. in
Gloveriivillo, N. Y., June 21. Sermon
and Installing prayer by Rev. Hiram
Mead, d. d., of Oberiin Seminary.

R08B0RO, Rev. H. R., over the On. in Mof-
fatt, Ti'nn.. June 18. Sermon by Rev.
Henry 8. Betinett, of Nashville.

BAWIN, Rev. T. PARSONS, over the Ch.
in Janesville, Wis . June 23. Serm n
by Rev. Myron W. Reed, of Milwaukee

SECOND SERIES. — VOL. VIIL NO. 4.

41

W llf'iaa waj^irart^

•a «<>^K

IC* — 2;'. I^TZT- li imn-T*

r:

T-i:- • -inisacs.

?. TAimr. -^

ki

--5- -xy

1876.] Changes in Post-Office Address of Ministers. 623

CHANGES IN POST-OFFICE ADDRESS OF MINISTERS.

Allen, SloMon O., Bnfleld, Ct.
ArmttroDg, James, Orion, Mloh.

Barnum, Angnetine, Candor, N. T.
Beacb, Aaron 0., Baat Haddsm, Ot.
Beardfllej, Bronaon B., Hartford, Ot
Blake, Henry A., Athol Oentre, Mass.
Bonney, K. G., East Hartland, Ot.
Bragdon, John, New Boston, N. H.
Breed, D. P., Ypsilaoti, Mich.
Brown, Henry E., Whitehall, Mich.
Brown, Thomas L., Verraontville, Mich.
Brush, Jesse, North Stamford, Ot.
Bnrnell, John J., Baatmanville, Mich.
Bryan, George A., Preston, Ot.
Bryant, 8«mael J., South Britain, Ot.

Oaldwen, Jamea, Barnard, Vt.
Chandler, Joaeph, Glenooe, Minn.
Clark, Joaiah B., Ludlow, Vt.
Clarke, Samuel W., MUton, N. H.
Crane, Kendrtck H., Ranaom, Mioh.
Croft, Charles P., Simsbury, Ot.
Crosa, Roselle T., Colorado Springs, Col.
Catler, Temple, Chattanooga, Tenn.

Dodson, George, Worcester, Mass.

Xaston, DaTid A., Nangatock, Ot.
Xiderkin, John, West Snffleld, Ot.

Femer, John W., Wauponsle, 111.
Fletcher, R. W., HasUngs, Mich.
Fraser, John B., Hardwlok, Vt.
Freehom, J. G., Carson City, Mich.
Freeman, John R., Westford, Ot.
Fry, Smith D., GrandviUe, Mich.

GIddlngs, B. J., Wolcott, Vt.
Oidman, Rfchard H., North Madison, Ct.
Gleason, John F., Norfolk, Ot.
Griswold, John B., Bast Hampton, Ct,

Hall, William, Perryshurgh, N. Y.
Hanna, J. A., Thompson, Ct.
Haiikell, John, Billerica, Mass.
Hoadley, L. Ives, Nortbford, Ot.
Holbrook, Zephaniah S., Chicago, lU.
HoQghton, John C, Benson, Vt.

Horenden, Robert, Fontlae, Mich.
Hoyt, James S., Osmbridgeport, Mass.

Kelley, John R., Derby, Vt.
Klnne, George W., Bath, N. H.

Mahan, Asa, London^ Xng,
Marsh, Alfred F., Georgetown, Mass.
Mason, Joseph, Roodhouse, 111.
Moore, BeqjMnin, MiddleTille, Mieh.

Olds, Henry H., Sbutesbnry, Mass.
Oliphant, Charles, Orange Valley, K. J.

Palmer, S. Fielder, Bethlehem, Ct.
Parker, J. Homer, Bay City, Mich.
Perkina, Bei^Jamin F., Hampton, N. H.
Pettitt, John, Homestead, Mich.
Pollard, George A., Grand Rapids, Mich.
Powell, Isaac P., Clinton, N. Y.
Powers, Dennis, Abington, Mass.

Ranney, T., St. Johnsbnry Centre, Vt.
Rosboro, S. R., MofBstt, Tenn.
Rose, William F., Crystal Lake, Hi.

Schofleld, William, Berlin, Vt.
Scott, Charles, Springfield, Mms,
Skeels, Heory M., Tnmer^s Junction, HL
Smith, J. Malcolm, Cedar Springs, Mich.
Stone, Harrey M., Worthington, Mass.
Bwitxer, Christopher J., Weston, VL

Tenney, Bdward P., Ashland. Mass.
Thompson, J. Charles, Petoskey, Mich.
Thompson, Nathan, Boxboro', Mass.
Thyng, John H., Brattleboro>, Vt.

Underwood, Rnfhs S., Owego. N. Y.

Van Antwerp, John, Morend, Mloh.

Walker, George F., Blackstone, Mass.
Watts, James, Lawrence, Mich.
Wheclock, Bdwin, Cambridge, Vt.
Williams, John H., MatUwan, Mich.
Winter, Alphens, North Greenwich, Ct.
Woodmansee, William, Chagrin Falls, O*

634

Ammcam Cot^grtgtiiumal Umom.

[Oct

THE AMERICAN CONGREGATIONAL UNION.

Quarterly Statement.

Appropriations have been paid since May i, 1876^ in foil or in put,
as follows : —

Col. ist Cong. Chorch

lawa^ ist

M 14

M

SusanTilley

Sonoma,

Broughton,

Waucoma,

Garden Prairie,

Golden Prairie,

Cannonsburg,

Cedar Springs,

Stanton,

Dorr Village,

Rennsselaer Falls, N. K

Angelica, Wis. ist

Total paid,

Mich.

M
it

i(

U
C(
M
U

cc

M
U

a
u
u

4<
i<

U

M

«
U
i<
C(

u

M
M

(Special I206)

In fon I500
In part 500
M « 100

Balance 200

In foil 300
Balance 200
In part ip
250

350
300

Infon J06

13,256

M

u
u

We notice that it is a subject of congratulation at the West that tiicif
churches generally are free from debt This is one of the haf^y results
of the work of the Union. The condition on which aid is granted — that
the appropriation shall pay the last bills — has prevented these churches
frt>m incurring a debt on tfieir houses of worship. While these chmdies
congratulate themselves on their present freedom from embarrassment^ it
is but just that they should recognize this freedom as one of the benefi-
cent fruits of the policy whi.h this Society has adopted. Some of tbe
wealthy churches of the West, which were too strong to need help from
the Union, have greatly crippled their energies by incurring a heavy debt
This is one of the chief reasons why the receipts of the Union from the
Western churches are so light Not a few of the stronger Eastern
churches are involved in the same disastrous circumstances. These
debts are one of the greatest obstacles which the Union has to encounter.
The churches feel that they can do nothing to help others in building
houses of worship until they have paid for their own house. There is no
logic in this position. A debt on their own house is no reason why tliey
should refuse to aid in the church-building work any more than in the
home or foreign missionary work. In fact, helping the poor secure a
suitable house of worship serves to increase in a church its appreciation
of the importance of the sanctuary, and in its reflex influence makes it
easier for such a church to pay its own debt.

The Union now stands pledged for 1 10,000 beyond its present receipts,
and its wants were never more pressing. Will the churches feel that it is
their work, and meet its responsibilities ?

Ray Palmer, Cor, Sec , 69 Bible House, New York.
C. Gushing, Cor, Sec, 20 Congregational House, Boston.
N. A. Calkins, Treas,^ 69 Bible House, New York*

INDEX OF NAIES.

Koti. — TUi loSex Inelade*
thoM at mlDliun and lIssDlisii
b*Ua>U; on mgei lU-ms,— dF O

I aunai Di ponQna mmuDDBa in \ua TDinmBi vicnit
n la th> gsnsnl (lilMtlM, olilch ars lodeicd alpbb
aadSlude.iUIn TbeDloglaml SemlDAriEi, pagea glt-Sia,
itiM or Saw Hampihtrs." pngea 1S3-3I4. and Ng-OW.
■, — ln"OliangBafn roalUlfioa ■ ■ ■

ddrau," paESi Sit,
-319, iii-Ht, aail

Vur (enual lopiu, >

AbaUrd,

Abbot,

Abbott,

Alaou.
AJden.
Aldrlab,

Alamndar, tb* Oi
Alford,

^5.

AnhlDwdM^

AiUb.

■' Tabls or ConwnU," pagu lil K

t!0& I BuTon, U, S14, 4

B9 B.r.iaw, tai,4

39 1 ,' BanliiU, Tl, TS, 9H, 403, M

431 1 BartoD, M, &

StO, «n, 413, Ul

«3,M,4a:^'4»3

411, 473

AuckUr.d.

»i, 419

Badier.lM,^
107,40

Balln,
Baird,

Bahar, 1

Baleom,
Baldwia,

Barbour,

Bukar, M,.

Barlow,

Bams*, TS, HO, B», 3

4M,lA3,4TI),ta),

ilBoardmu
1 1 BedvaU,

8M, 313, 314

93,B&a

STl, 3T1, STt, SSO,
33, 231, '481

Brlgjja,

wU, 331,131

unabaiil. 3M

VWD, Tl,«4,3«V,<lfi,431,
430, 431, 4TS, 430
VWDS, IB

'owalDf, 431

HM, •3,»(,M

lull, M

▼aul. Oil

mk, 310

lekfaam, 33

isUiigllBai,re,I13-&8, 3>^

Budlntton, n, 333,431, 478,430

Buretiard,

Burton, ^,433,439,

Bitth,

Uiuhn4ll,>l,lBl,3i4,<

•Si

313
U9, 433, 441, 4»l

Byrd, 383, 373, 374, SIB

B(run, «U3

Uidxll, M

OaIldiia,'>«, 314, IM, 430, 4ftl,

626

Index €f Names.

[Oct

nip 187, 600

86S

468

OUBOJI,

Oanp,

Ounpball,

Oap«» B8

Carroth, 21S

Cwniilien. M.8SS,402

OMTior, M,I»,4M,451.4&S.

4BS,60»
CitnroMO, 242

Cm* M

Ohajdoek, 621

Ohmdwlok, 421

Cbalmen, 48, 04, 621

Olumbcrlalii, 08, 211,420,488,

468,681
OhampUn, 621

CbandWr, 212,868

Obaonlng, 618

awptn, 12,211,866,442,608
Obapmim, ttl»68S

OhtflM, 81

OliarlMlI, 687

Ghartton, 484

OiUMe, 664

OhataralniaBd. 006

ObaMer, 211

Okilda, 02, 218

Cboate, 02,06

Ohriftti*, 688

Ohrytottom, 47

Obnroli, 212

OburaUIl, 621

OlAllin, 212

OUpp, 214,868,488,480

Clftrfc, 70,04,2U, 218,868. 481,
467,680,62i
OariM, 882,410, 48i , 422, 464,

628
CQaiy, 867«a66

Clement, 80

Oobb, 66, 08, 04, 214, 862, 427,
443, 462, 463, 464, 621, 622
CkMhran, 247, 248

Godding, 664

Coe, 4,210,214,480

Oolbun, 864

Oole, 08, 04, 433

OolenuuB, 03, 844

Oollim, 868, 864

OoltOD. 664, 617

Oolwell, 02

Gondii, 863

Gone, 863

Gonkling, 03

Gonnell, 622

Cooke, 600

Gooley, 421, 403

Gony. 404

Gopeland, 874, 876

Corbin, 66

Cordley, 02,211,878,886,886
Gorable, 621

Gorwin, 08, 868, 864, 462

CoUoD, 80, 606

Cowdciy, 464

Gowlei, 287, 840, 244, 252, 446,

446,671
Gowper, 403

Coy, 65

Goxzens, 422

Crawford, 78, 462, 621

Crosby, 453

Cro»e, 06, 463

Crowther, 04

Cnilck«hanki, 429

Cmm, 621

Cnminiogs, 422

Cantor, 218

Gortln, 286

Cnrtto, 468,821

CurttM, 66, 66, 463
CoahiAf • i, 06^ 214,216,856,867,
480,400,403

Cntler, 888,408, 6M

CuTler, 618

Coyier, 866

Dmffgett, 468, 470, 681

Daly, 468

Dana, 482,463

Daoforth, 418

Daniels, 482, 482

Darling, 02

Davenport, 218, 888
DaTlea, 06, 211, 212,862,868,428
DsTia, 411, 410,488,426,488^480

Day, 887,464,467

Dean, 862,088

Deana, 212

Deertng, 86

De Forest^ 81

Demond, 210

Deniaon, 888,487,428,488

Donkey, 260

Devena, 460

Dewey, 8U

Dewitt, 864
Dazier,08» 418, 410, 4«, 487

410,474

DleklnaoOy 06,868,404,821

Dllley, 02

Diman, 641

Dingley, flO, 486

Dixon, 486

l>oane, 882

Dobie, 488

Dodd, 81

Dodge, 881

Doe, 814, 886, 868
DoUlnger, 27, 20, 80, 86, 87,38,

80, 41, 42

Donaldaon, 864

Donglaa, 852, 463

Dowd, 862, 622

Doyle, 88

Drake, 228, 468, 618

Dudley, 852, 608, 622

Duncan, 464

Dunham, 806, 407

Dunning, 428

Durant, 428

Duren, 211

Durfee, 480,464

Dutton, 424, 480, 462

Dwlneu,
Eastman,
Katon,
Bddy,
Edwards* 6,
242,268,

Elden,

Elderkin,

Elffin,

Kldredge,

Kldridge,

9liot,

Klllngwood,

Eliiot,

Ells,

Ellsworth,

ElwcU,

Ely,

Emerlek,

Bmeraon,

464

02,468,621,622

05,424

02,04,210,682

26,61,06,212,817,

265.858,427,462.

640, 656, 617, 021

418

463

608

858,464

424

6

05

854,424

217

480,402

8,0,224,820,621

02

06, 687, 618

Erneatl.

8»

Xuatla,

8B
8M

Eraoa,

80. 882, 488. IB

ETarta,

8n

Erereat,

- ^a

Evefett,

8,88, 64, 4»

Ewina,

411

Faber,

11

Fairehlld,

280,8H;«

Fairfield,

H

Fkmswortli.

874

Fsrwell,

414

F^y.

3"*

Peimatar,

48^8n

Faon,

tt|M»2

pafgaaoB,

m

FeiuaVy

8ft

Farrla,

H

Ferry,

aig2n,aK

Feaeeridan,

m

Feaalar,

18

Field, «8,88,4i8,4i!r,8»48i

Finch,

4BV

Flniiay,9B^68. 287.288,817,80,

MS, 8«, 880,01

Flahar,

92,864,44,111

FUk,

868,488,4»

Flake,

n,8if,8a

Fitek,

«

Fitta,

84

FHa,

88^ 4»

Fkhar^,

8M

Fleming,

4K

Fletebar,

8W

Flint, 10»U

,19^ 808, 418, IK

Folger,

418

Folleit,

884, 4U

Folsom,

^416

Foot,

618

Forbiea,

Ott

Feeler, 02, 21», 488, 487, «»,

686,551

Fowler,

217,601

Fox,

888,616

Franda,

8a

Franklin,

2»

Fraser,

218

Freeman,

96

Freneh,

488, 6tt

Frlnk,

8B

Froat,

467

Frothlngliam

4i0

^i

80^821

Fuller,

8O,408,M

gas:'

426,80

Gardiner,

4»

Qarrlaoa,

660, 661, 6St

^^ .

08,06,214.80

Gaylord,

468

Genadiua,

880,872

Oerould,

218

Olbbe.

881

Uilbert,

08,441,80

Oillett,

16

Gladden,

08,851

Gladding,

05

Olsdstona,

87,810

Qleaeon,

854

Oodet,

610

Goethe,

606

Goodale,

40

Goodall, 800, 801, 451, 418, 430

1876]

Indtx of Names.

627

Soodwlii,

^"■SS:S:S?

iS?Ki,

U4,13I KnlfU.
I1,4I»,E5*M Kour

•1.M

HopLer,

U Laoy,

430

Sordon,

n*. no, fat

BW

Cadd.

33,401

e«aid.

»,SU,Mt,UI

i»

Ldfavatta.

133

Gntaun,

98

Haro«r

Dai LudIi,

su

en>o|*T,

W

HolohllH,

>2I,4M

Lina,

573, 433

Qrut,

HoDibb^

SI, Ida

[.UEirDrthT

4«7,173,47», MO

428 LiniBUl. '

433

SlIKS*

•3,314. Ml

H™rf,

310, 4§0 LaDadowna.

tot

Onuk,

tw.ea

1>,4&,4I Lauria,

OrMD^

es,3M

HoImd,

lu

etld^.

i:ju

MI4,«0tl IdWraXM,

164

Ortil^'

U.U1

'm3 Law«.Sr

3tt

StUwold,

«i

Hnbtell,

«1,M Lay.
113, 4U, 438, JSI. Layard,

433,001

OnUcir^

■M

UudMD, M

oS^

^ H3 LaiTlm H,SU,4»,4S4,aM

tM

Hiu[lu>,

MI Laa, m,13B,

431), 43t, 410, Oil

«

HbU,

430 LalaBd.

413

tio

4M,«M

MO Laourd,

1,34

Sb"'

ttl,«l.UI

SX..

13,41,431

..MdBJI.

410

MO

U, 437 Lawla,

313,434,416

Hdu' HI, at^ at*. 4u, 42J,

3U Llddoa,

3n,390,6M,(l31

6»1, MS

Hum,

g1,»l.lll LlBgaU.

Hallldir,

4Sa

Uarlbat,

438,431,437,403 LlnMln, HV,

utiiock, «i,n.tM,iM,ftTe

Uatotlni,

*41S Llod,

RiabUn,

4H

4«3

[.IBM.

STO

O^Ua,

•s

H,d^31I.M^»».W0j««,

Uoklallar,

on

1U.«T,SIM

4M

(.InalaT.

H-BptOD.'

ixakiu.

a4,4«3 UttJa."

344, >M

Huna,

Ingnhui.

n Ujj.

IW

«t,4ai

imni.

SII

Loomla.

410,434

Hardy,

MB

J-4,

K Lord.

483

Bart-m-, TB

•M,8aa.»i.aii

J^^So.,

71,73, 334 Lothrop,

T4,MM

Btamh.

UM,MS

Jiicpr,

413 Lauiaa.

033

Hkiu. aa. tn, B4, Hi, «Mt, su

jlS-,

430

Banoo,

14,17

13, It, 37. 4u

-o>nj"y.

363

H«»r^

>,W,«1

JesiruD,

■iu,\tfi

.owell.

441

' sw

J.nkln.,

339,343,401,4^1

->)ola.

3U

JawolJ.

on

4«;«?

J«e«.

Stg,r4.STB,3St

»fl,UJ

JohD»D,U.lS. tU.43i).in'J.

843.611

HMlrlok,

41«,4«

433.663. an

333,414,418,441

Janet, M, M. tM, aTn.'^TJ.

audnlo-h.

00*

H,4«1,U«

874, 433. SU

t«8

Ba«k«,

4«>

JoytUD,

lii

133, 483. 483

B>*l*]r.

22^335

JoSd,

431

U.L1.I..

381,363

Bwdn,

Jull4

44 Ualla,

430,033

4sa

Kilb,

31 Uallory,

433

^rlUl^Td.

4U

K>ii>r,

403 U>]tby,

33

Hutttiu,

4W

Kwr,
kaulbHh,

04, tU Kano,

v»,«a

Buan.

i,N,4n

413 lbii..tiic.

33,34,363,413

^^4«

K<«1.,

MB Uarch,

HMOMk,

4SS

Ktiion,

lu

hlvab, to,

03,363.413.^

B«d«o,

IM

Ktiitr'

H<Jaw,

164, «I1

KelxV,

33 Uarafaall,

313

sss*

n, ss, m, £?

E>pd^,
Kcrtool.

39 Uartyn,

33

364,484

I*wlU,

401

Ma

K>rT,

443

Kulyr,

Uariln,

44

H

:

ibb^

4*3

Key...

fi^

[.-m.*

M4,m

r- «.«.«..^..s

'^^.

031

lUttaew*,

34,411443

iu«d.

Kllboo^,

K3

«U

lllyBT.

M,112

Kiiiib.u,n

•4, 311, 43S, 431. Uay.

a.

4S1

Uaybaw.

313, 421

King, ^

43U

bfoAuIcy,
UcCany.

363

431

obwt.

4U,U0,»«

Rln^bory

40T.403.40B

HrflUotook,

iOdfdOD,

Klnn«,

3m;4S4

UcCmra.

4n

M.314,4M,<J1

Kl-nkatt,

UcCullom,

874,874

lalluiw,

&9a

Kip,

410

IDIIUII.

4£t

Klritlaw,

2B,37

UcCrakm,

31

oldua.

l,n,US,4«l>,U8

l^lf^iand.

340, 400

KcOnlly,

134

alfc^

iM

tsi

UeKlrar.

•4

look.r.

n,ui.4ai,m

KuSr

4M,4T» UoTartaBd,

•T

Ind^x of Names.

[Oct

t, W, us, lU, <M

230)211

lUlebcI,
UlLcr,

S""!.

Kung.,
ITeuThIDD,

Sonwi, M, STt, >Tft, 411, 4M

oS5

oiaood, n,M,3», eoT, n

r. "

a'.vialtii, MT,47v.'wi!

(M.CM

lb, iu

M.StS, (!3,M4,adl
.rr. 3», tT, H3. V8, IL3, T«,
t, Bni,«80, £82, 4Bi. Sill
.hunt. 132

1, s, IB, MO, ira. tM. T.V
OBI, t», au, »*, nt, nt.

Bich, 4sa, tl^«t

Kich»ra«. m

Kiddle, W

tElv», Wt

Kiichle, C4

Kbbtiluc, 31(1, US, n. (IL
431, M^M
Robert*, t»,tS

Robli, US

ItubK'inD, 14m

RovETi, U2, MO, HA. IIB, 4n,

H, 11^ Mi R

au R

&I, «3 I K

331< It

SU,3i2,»I 1
214, U3, 433 i

rhippi,
PicLoIL

n»™.

Pike,
Plll.biirj,
I'knon,
lit ber,

Poodcgikuawui.

'., ti% 2M, BM, Va. 4B

3=:":

■Mi

M

C4

IU,W

M.«l

4»

110

4n

tai.4M
4»

i3,an),4»

SW.4A

H4,3:i

49
b, M, IS

til|tnoi,'B«3, SMt,S<n,Me,»l«,

I HkilllDgi,

1876.]

Index of Names.

629

Bnow,

SolomoBf

Somen,

Boale,

Boa I hey,

BoQtbgate,

South worth,

Bpelmao,

Bpencer,

Bpooncr,

Spoor,

BpnHfae,

Spring,

Sprole,

Spuffoon,

Statu,

Stanley,

Stanton,

StarkweaUMT,

487,478

800

8

483,464

838

863

838

623

74

03

852

412,640

04

08,04

78,74,838

808

610

04,664

286

Starr. 488, 488, 801, 802

Steams, 08, 06, 882, 484, 487.

640, 821
Btede, 442

SteTena, 448, 484

Sterenaon, 03

Steward, 601

Stewart, 883, 824

St. Franeia, 848

Btlckel, 03

Stiles, 431

Stllllnga, 424

StlUman, 481

Stockton, 411

Stone, 210, 480, 622

Storrs, 06, 214,1876, 876, 446,
462,470,480
Stowe, 224

Stowers, 464

Stratton, 483

Streeter, 434

Strieby, 314

Strong. 11, 10, 210. 868, 860,

406, 407, 408, 400, 410,416.
417,421,821,822
Stuart, 671

Startevant, 868, 467, 470

Samner, 608

Swain, 822

Sweet, 461

Sweetser, 466

Talbot. 810

Talleyrand, 808

Tallmadge, 687, 670, 670

Tallroan, 436

Tanner, 400

Tapp, 317

Tappan, 464

Tarbox, 1, 06, 214, 288, 460
Tatachalow, 87,40

Tanler, 612

Taylor, 64. 02, 06. 331, 242,

863, 8n, 864, 444, 446. 467,

480. 667. 621

Tenney, 863,422,442,463

Thaxter, 420

Thayer, 02, 868

Tbolnek, 610

Thomas, 212, 868, 488, 484,

483,486
Thompaon, 08, 212, 888, 868.

Thornton, 617

Thorwaldien, 808

Thucydldes, 610

Thurston, 02, 214

TIcknor, 808

Tillotfon, 04

Timlow, 864

TlDkham, 464

Titus, 622

Tobey, 210, 868, 488, 487

Todd, 67, 08, 838, 837, 838, 880.

840, 862, 863, 468
Toothaker, 438

Topllir, 484, 822

Torrey, 02, 03, 04, 668

Tourtellott, 882

Traey, 18,16,18,17,484,822
Trask, 484

TreadweU, 268, 360

Treat, 218

Treneh, 610, 621

Trumbnll, 8,*, 11, 10, 217. 222,

228,820
Tuck, 484

Tucker, 81, 06, 486

I'urner, 420

Tattle, 410

Tuxbory, 04

Th tning, 04

TwitcheU, 08, 04

Tyler, 86, 421, 485, 667, 603,

804, 821
Underwood, 410, 434, 4S8, 632
Upson, 863

Upton. 821

Valllet, 462

Van Bergen, 438

Vanderveer, 463

Vanness, 482

Vaughn, 442

Vermilye, 488

Vernon, 484

VIneent, 812

Von Steuben, 81

Walte. 228,864,421

Waldo, 612, 821

Waldron, 484

Wales, 862

Walker, 04,868,488,484,480
Wallace, 470

Wallls, 484

Ward, 06. 210, 218, 863, 888,

438 480
Warfield, 868,' 864

Warner, 484

Warren, 03, 04, 810, 218, 214,

888, 862, 467, 621
Waahbum, 470, 666

Washington, 217, 228, 226, 461,

612
Waterman, 04, 468

488
488
•08

287
484

862, 858, 468

02

108,461,463

468

218,822

664

^404

86,340,343

04

868

862,468

WatUss,
WaUon,
Wtyland,
Wayne,
Weamer,
Webb,
Webber,
Webster,
Weitzel,
W«flch,
Wtld,
Wclton,
Wesley,
Westgate,
Wetherby,

Wheeler. w, ■.»»

Wheelock, 384,887,468,601,

608
Whipple, 814, 80T

Whltcomb, 868

White, 487

Whttefield, 86, 88

Whiting, 08, 813, 214, 863, 488,

486.488
Whitman, 318

Whitney, 883, 618, 648

Wbiton, ^06

Whittemora, 480

WhitUeaey, 08, 311, 314

Wiekliff, 613

Wicks. 821

Wilcox, 484,484

Wild, 08,483

Wilder, 443

Wilkes, 487

Willeox, 08

Wllley, 486

Williams. 10, OS, 314, 817, 283,
323, 824, 862, 868. 880,482,
486,486, 447, 440, 460, 488,

808
Williamson, 863

WillUton, 861, 864, 838

Wilson, 886, 864, 483

Winch, 08

Wlnchell, 613

WInshIp, 868

Winslow, 08

Winter, 838

Wisner, 80

Wolcott, 8, 03, 04, 210. 814,
817,487,480
Wood. 470, 023

Woodbnry, 80

Woodcock, 04

Woodford, 870

Woodruff, 08,06,488.484
Woods, 660

Woodworth, 04, 314, 868

Wright, 04, 05, 484. 668, 663,
670, 671, 573, 678, 888
Ysfcr, 821

Yates, 886

Young. 04, 427, 487

Zabriskie, 823

Zwingle, 613

Congregatimat Quarterly Advertiser.

3

LITERARY NOTES.

D. LoTBBOP ft CO., of BotloD, turn
AmoD^ thdir farihoomlas booktuv: —

STORIES OF SUCCESS, and
NOBLE WORKERS.
Botliadlwd brB.r.8Km, i>.ik IIJO

VIRGINIA. A Cantannlil Stnry.

B)F W. H. O. Ktiiomii). (I.U.

WALTER NEAL'S EXAMPLE.

B; Rn. THiBoa BaoTN. (tJU.

FOUR QIRLS AT CHAUTAUQUA,

THE RANDOLPHS.

Bolh by Famit. %\M aub.
ROBIE MEREDITH.

Bf Kn. J. J. COLTXa. VLW.

Ifnm. D. LOTBaop ft Co., BMMa, «•
ngbllihlaf ui InlarMtlnc xrlei olbooki for

TboM limtdiuid la pmi Br*: —
HILL FARM, ■nd NOBODY CARES.

Bath b7 OaosA Tiiiri.1.

DICK'S STRENGTH, ind
STICK TO THE BAFT.

Both bj Un. O. Oi^DiTon.

THE LOST FOUND.

Bt Aonei Oibebvi.
STEPS DOWNWARD.
THE OLD BROWN BOOK.
WILL PARSON'S ADVENTURES
IN THE LAND OF THE SUN.
" WIDB AWAKB,"

Tb« April pumbfr ofWIda Awtke"la
bri(h( knd tmb, uid will proTe T«ry m-
larulolBf tDdHUUlarolk. ll I* fUi or«ood
Italoc*, in prist >nd plstuna, ud k nln a[
abHry bumor mn* tbioQSh n irblcb In
fDBDf mdin will Snd putlcului* agrt*.
■bla. A >p«lal futan at" Wide Awikt'
1* tia effHt lo promoM foroiir; ■moag lbs

xaj orfUluUon or lU yDDn( randan all

Tholr apemiona aia naorded, and batur
Mill, ibay anao dlraetad tbaL iba pUntlDf
la llkalj to baanll^ landieapea whits aildlnf
toUMBOmbarortraaa, aodalao tolaaoh tba
pkam^n tba prlaalplai at laaat qF artlalld
grouplD(* and diMribullon Id landmpe
SacdanlDi. Tha muiilna !• a tboroutUr
nod and thoroDahlj wholasonia on*.—
D. LOTDBor K Oo., PaDlliImn, BoatoD.
William Odllbm Bbtast'i papar, (ba H,

lESm. D. LOTIBOP i CO.

Hbt* renored lo (balr larg* and alafaot alon,

Ooi. Franklin aod Hawlej 8tB.

, mxnt of Blblea In Ilia

saDDtry. Tbsy haia adBpartnisiiliiieelallr
davoiad id Biuid»r BohoolBooka and raq-
TuleDH. AnSuDd^^Tool omeeri.aim-

BookB ■rarrwhsra ApprorML
Tba (too Prlia Booki, 11 toIi., |n.».
Tba •1000 rrlia Sttln, IS TOk.. (ll.to.
Tha Caniy Hooka. U Tola., •ll.ti, and
aboTa 400 ulbercholca Book, for joulb and
SDDday Hebool Ubrarlai. publlihad by

D. LOTHROP & CO., BOSTON.

«ypr«

from itaa I _
. Catalofuaa rraa. Uuoki

POOKST-UONEIT I POGEBT-ifO.TBr I
Boya and Slrla 1 Look bara 1 Look hara I

CLNTENNIAL BOOKS.

,D.D

wallaiyoiing.-C*

-4tUai

Vn,

W»rl4.

By J.

Bahtabd, d. d.

V>M.

PlrmoDlli Bsd tba PdfriBa. BDDtban
SipConnandCDlonlKi. Konfanofllacy-
land. Soldleraand l^trloti al the UarolD-

Matory of lhl> coDDtry, ipcClinaDi of ladlaa

Et(bt ^aara' WarDflbaUsT^altoD.
I,ife of R>Hfam<» rpanAlln. By Rot.
j'.Chafuh. I.ar(el«ma. 111. IIH.

D. LOTHROP & CO., Boston, Publishers.

From the N. Y. Independent, May 18, 187&

-•••-

THE FAMILY WRY AND THE PASTOR'S lieRAIIl

• ••

^y J/eoTzarcL (^clcotv, D. D.

•»•

^ Tbabs ago, some of the ladies in mj con-
gregation presented to me a copy of Apple-
tons' *New Cyclopsddia.* For a long time I
had used Carey h, Lea's ' EncydopaMiia Ameri-
cana,' edited by Dr. Lieber, and I and my
children had derived great benefit from it;
but that, as soon as Appletons' (so fresh, and
with every article brought down to the latest
date) came into the house, had suddenly be-
come old, and seemed ready to vanish away.
I took an early opportunity of sending the old
work where it would not be overshadowed by
the superior value of the new one, and would
■till be honored and useful. At the same
time, I did not venture to shut up the * New
OyclopsBdia' in my study, as if it were ex-
clusively my own. A place was made for it
in the family parlor, so that it might not be
like a candle under a bushel, but might give
light to all that were in the house.

** It gave light to all, from the paier fa-
miliaa down to the boys and girls, who were
just old enough to take some interest in the
newspapers, and in whom the instinctive ap-
petite for knowledge was beginning to reach
out in one direction and another. We had
on those shelves a family library, constantly
accessible. It was not a librarv of children's
story-books, nor a library of amusement, nor
a library of poetry and fiction, nor a library of
devotion and religious experience ; but it was
a library of universal knowledge, and that is
the best kind of a family library. Anybody
in the family who was inquiring af\er a fact
in almost any department of knowledge could
find it in the commode which adorned one cor-
ner of the family parlor.

** All this is introductory. It so falls out
that this year, 1875, 1 am coming into posses-
sion of another such library, more recent and
every way better than the one which we have
found so useful, and which will now pass into
another family. Appletons* *New American
Gyclopssdia ' is no longer new. Having been
in use for fifteen years, and having been sup-
plemented by eight or ten additional volumes,
it is now disappearing from the market, and
the publishers are bringing out its success-
or, * The American CycIopsBdia,' to be com-
Eleted in sixteen volumes, of which twelve
ave been already published. A comparison
of some of these volumes with the correspond-

ing volomes of the former series iliowf thit
they are sobetandally a new work, and Ml
merely a new edition. I will not uodertaki
to describe the changes how much has Uea
done by omission or by oondensation, and hov
moch by the introduction of new maltet
Yet I may say that the scientific articles rep
resent science not as it was fifteen yean leo
but as it is to-day ; that the histori^ artiriiBi
give us what these later years have added to
3ie world's history — ^to the ancient by ei«
plorations and excavations, as well as to tlK
modem bv the progress of events ; and tfast
in bioffraphy, while some obscure names hate
been dropped, to make room for nsmei tfast
have recently become in any way coospieoon,
there has been more condensation of freli
and dates and less characterization.

** But what is the need of my saying al
this f I say it because I feei that eveiy pis-
tor, and especially every young pastor, oertt
to have the work which I have been descnb-
ing or some other work of the same sort, both
for his own sake and for the sake of the p6fr>
pie among whom he is to labor. A piitor
ought to be respected not only as a godly ma
(which is the first thing and the great tliing)b
but also as an intelligent man. For the saki
of his mind's growth and health, and, tlier»
fore, for the sake of his usefulness as a min*
ter of the Gbspel, he ought not to shot him
self up in studies merely professional He
ought to know and to be continually in tbi
way of learning a thousand things which h«
did not learn in the theological seminary, and
which he cannot learn from books in any d»
partment of theology. With a good cydiop0>
dia in the parsonage, and with a minister who
knows how to use it, the parish grows intdfi-
gent, and the church becomes more influentiil
as one of the institutions of the place. The
pastor does not get his sermons oat of the cy-
clopasdia, nor does he put that sort of infor
mation into his sermons; but (other tiiiogi
being equal) the sermons, written or unwrit-
ten, of a well-informed man are better for in
ordinarily intelligent congregation, they tit
fresher and more forcible, than the sermons'of
a man deficient in general information. Let
the man whose mind is continually enridwd
with various knowledge speak anywhere, or as
any theme, and he can hardly fail to conimoDi-

THE FAMILT USRART AKD THE PASTOS^S LIBRARY,

cate, perliAps unoonsdoualj, something out
of bis tretsurj. The talk of an intelligent
num, wherever he goes, makes others intelli-
gent

" While writing this last paragraph, I haye
received a letter yery pertinent to the object
at which my thoughts are aiming. I was just
going to ask how many clergymen there are
who can afford to purchase for themselves
such a work as Appletons* 'American Cyclo-
pedia,* when the letter came. It purports to
come from the wife of a home missionary in a re-

glon where * Uie drought and the grasshoppers *
ave wrought destruction. I never heard of
the writer, but her letter is a sufficient intro-
duction. Her husband, she tells me, preaches
to two churches, six miles apart, and sixty
miles from any other church of the same de>
nomination. *His audiences are intelligent.
Over half a dozen of his hearers are gradu-
ates of collores.* The preacher to those in-
telligent aumenoes (the average New Eng-
land congregation can hardly be more intelh-
gent) is more hungry for books than for bread.
'The Cottage Bible, Webster's Dictionary, a
commentary remarlcable only for conciseness,
and two small volumes of sermons, form the
bulk of his library ; and,' says the good wom-
an, * I cannot see how he will be able to add
to it, as we are obliged to live the present year
(after the grasshoppers) wholly upon what we
receive from home-mission funds.* In another
part of the letter she says : * We have no his-
tories, ancient, modem, or ecclesiastical. We
received one volume of the " Boston Lectures
on Christianity and Skepticism,** published in
1870, pmd one volume of the ** Yale Lectures

on Preachins,** published in 1872. Mr.

often says that he wishes he had the other
volumes of each work.* I do not wonder that
* he is becoming completely disheartened and
almost ready to relinquish his worlc,* and I see
the wife*s heart when she closes the sentence
by adding, * That distresses me.*

** Now, what if somebody, who is able to
do such a thing, should send to this pioneer
missionary, working in a lean and hungry
land, and trying to find food for his mind in
so lean and hungry a library, a copy of Apple-
tons* * American Cyclopedia * — ^the twelve vol-
umes, with the promise of the four that are
yet to come — all paid for ? What joy would
the gift bring with itl what hope I what cour-
age \ with imat a new feeling would he face
his 'intelligent audiences* on the next Sab-
bath! And how soon would those two
churches, in their respective neighborhoods,
begin to feel and to exhibit the effects of the
new acquisition I In the lack of ' histories,
ancient, modem, or ecclesiastical,* the minis-
ter has b^en reading in the Cyclopsodia such
articles as that on Christianity, or that on
Calvin, or that on Luther, or those on Eng-
land and the Church of England ; and he be-

gins to find himself, even in the presence of
' half a dozen graduates of colleges,* a respect-
ably welUinformed man. If such a meeting as
' the monthly concert of prayer for the conver-
sion of the world * is kept up in either of his
two parishes, he can always have something
ftesh to say, for his Cydopiedia (if he makes
the right use of it) pours light on his month*s
reading of the Independent^ or of whatever
journal reports to him the progress of events.
The stores of knowledge in those volumes are
gradually accumulated in his mind ; and, as
he grows more intelligent, the people who lis-
ten to him, and in whose families he is an
ever-welcome visitor, are steadily becoming a
more intelligent and cultivated people.

"This may seem to be a rambling dis-
course ; but it has not for one moment lost
sight of its aim. What the aim is will be suf-
ficiently explained by a few questions :

*'l. How many pastors does the reader
know, outside of the cities where congrega-
tions can give large salaries — how many does
the reader think of who can afford to purchase
for themselves so voluminous a work as that
which I have been describing ?

'* 2. On the other hand, are there not many
congregations in which a little effort of gener-
osity might procure for the minister a copy of
this or some similar repository of universal in-
formation? Would not the dOfort be remu-
nerative ?

** 8. Are not many of our home mission-
aries in the same condition with that one
whose wife has appealed to me in her distress
for him f Is there not among the readers of
this article more than one whom God has
made both able and willing to do what I have
suggested above for that or some other pio-
neer worker, or perhaps for some foreign mis-
sionary in China, or India, or Japan f

**4. Are not some purchasers of the re-
vised Cyclopaedia embarrassed by the posses-
sion of the original work, as published fifteen
years ago ? Will tluey not remember that the
volumes to be disposed ot^ though lacking
what the last few years have added to the
sum of human knowledge, are far from being
obsolete, and that a copy of what was at tlie
beginning of the late war the * New American
Cyclopaedia * would be even now a most cheer-
ing and helpful addition to the scanty library
of many a hard-working and half-supported
minister ? Will they not remember that it is
easy to find out such ministers, however ob-
scure their places of labor may be, in the
West or in the East ?

" The subject which I have presented in
this concrete fashion is worthy of a more gen-
eral consideration. How to have parsonage
libraries, especially in the weaker churches,
how to supply good books and fresh books
for the help of a settled ministry, is a question
which good men ought to think of.**

Congregational Quarterly Advertiser.

AMERICAN TRACT SOCIETY

(New England Branch)

Offers to the ChurchM ma. SVAITGELIOAL LTTERATUSB raltad to

OhrUtUn experlenoa or work.
AtteotioD ii called in partiealar —

1. To lu PERIODICALS,— /TTiMtra^ed Ckri^Uam Wtddy and VoUt^f\rmmd^

MtMicngert BoUhafUr, ChiUPi Paper, Mcming Light, monthlink
8. To ita TRACTS end other material for peraonal ChrletiaB work, Spoelallj' —
S. To iu iaenee in FOREIGN LANGUAOBS. Throa^h Iweloe dllfcrent forotgn
Ite puhllcatlona greet the stranger within oar own borders; In o»e
thirlg thej reach the more distant heathen.

The PuBLiCATioii DKPAmTMXirT being BELP-susTAiimio, eontrlbittioiw avs MllelM
only—

1 . For providing individutU Chriitian laborert with materialt ./br tkdr worit,

2. For nuiitUaining union mitiionary colportage,
t. For meeting the appeaU of foreign misaionariee.

The Society hss no reserved' funds Arom whioh to drawp bat aU eanlrtbmHomt \
gear by year^ are expended in (heee directUme,

F. B. PERKINS, Seo. R. F. CUMMINQS, Agt.

23 Franklin Street. BOSTON.

PROSPECTUS OF

THE SANS-SOUCI SERIES.

Edited by RICIIAUD HENRY STODDARD.

[Uniform with the Briok-Brao Series.]

12mo Volumes, Illustrated, Price $7 .JO.

Blographcrfi, hiBtorinnn, snd the llltc, seldom write aa compactly as they should, sad
of the muiit entertaining uf them are coD«equentIy unread.

It wan tho knowledge of ih:B fart which led .Vi(*fl«r8. Scrlbner, Armstrong 8c Cu. to bring
within rondiible limitH some nutable works uf biography, hinturv, and literary gosalp, wfalea
bad rccfntly lioen publiahed in England, and which they believed would Interest AnnvrieMl
readers, thungli not in the original'form. The result was the *' Brica-llrao Serlea,** whieh
has proved thumost successful »enfs ever published in the Unit<>d States.

Tlie preparation, perfection, nnd roniplotlon of this series, which employed tho attention
of Mr. BioDDAKD lor upwards of two > ears, necessarily led him to i>tudy diligently i
many woiks bearing directly or indirectly upon the persons who dgured and the
whicn were nnrnitcd therein.

He projected, therefore, the *' Snna-Souci Seriu^** which is wider in its scope, more <
in its details, and of much greater variety.

"MEN AND MANNERS ONE HUNDRED YEARS AGO,"

Comprising extremely interesting reminiscences of persons distinguished in this eonntrr
during the ICcvolutiouary peiiod, will furm one of tho earliest volumes of the ** Sans^BoacI
Series."

%* The initial volume of the Sans-Souci Sebixs, to be published early in April, wiU te
announced shortly,

SCRIBNER, ARMSTRONG & CO., Publishers,
743 & 745 Broadway, New York.

VuL XVill, .Va I.— WCialc Ka »j, iwanil Snlu^VLlLVIU,..

THE

Congregational Quaiiem

.lANUAKV, iBjf,.

I IfeTUI'liKK CUttMtv--

BOSTON:
\iyieRICAN CONGREGATIONAL UNfOl)

3- CDNGhECATlOSAl. Iinp^t

rt^nn* : Tm» Onllm * Vur t<u)ii ^'t f=au |iai9iu;*ei In Advance

TABLE OF CO K TENTS.

Uyio Oaoow. Rt It«*. L^oJitl Pacun, tk ft. New IUtvo, CoMi. .

Rx*iVAi4 uTD nu OKhixKiiy WoKRixn CoMMTton Of TKi •Jiuwmtn

B7 Kci^ Omrvd '), Mfan, Cxnboilge. Maia.

K CoMruBicsB At Bum*. Dj Ptut Eglwrt C. Sajih, a i». Axth***.
■la^

la As AN Act or Wouinr. SfHtv. Hnty&llvl'ami, CnwidlHIuffei.

41

UnrKnon or Sik. by ttcv. JmIiih T. TmMt, o: d., Otloipn ftlliv M«m> i4
ipUEiUATivt! SrAci«rict, Ryt^KilHia ....,.-

C0)<OU0«ItOMA|, NlOOUiDV:

RcT. Dirirf Dancn^i

_ M(». El.Jm |Ct.rbbi> C«.tl»

Ut*.Mji}iitTTkT(Kitrli;li

Ktv. l)«vltl Kimtall

RtT. Kilnnt (;iMlil>n) MioEr ....

Lmuay fUvnvr

Ddoki lliruvu)

Eonua'i Tails tt

QDAXTESLT ftlOMDi

C)iunb«9 FUrainl, 9<, — Hniislcrt OrililTirtI, i)S. — ^Ilabten Vwclval

nfawd. »v — MMMert Uurled. ih. — UiolUBta tlcreued. 9} — Uinik-
tns' Wlfd Dnct*cd, {15.
TiH AMUitc^K ConnstnATiUMAL Uhibn, (JiHK«tU-3(*)emBM .... 00

Till ANVU*t. S-tli! I' . ...NICAnoVAI. M'MltT'l* AKfi

ClftthnrK* IM I '

IL Cin:||rrj:ai : ni ilx Unileil Soict

IV. U«l U C<;r<f iiBtUMal MhllMKf* in ikc IfniMd $W)a
V. IMi vl l.iccnilato Reported .....
VL Ttx Katlonal and !lia>n OtigaaiMlltoiM at lh« Cltmdia .
VIL Nai'onal <.'iM )t>cf3HvB Sodttin noimiitiKltil by ite Kukma)

Coiindl .. . , , , , • m • '■
VIIL CoDEnEUioiul Tluolr^cil SciniaiilM

r

JAMES R. OSGOOD & CO.'S NEW BOOKS.

Letltr* and SocW Alma.

. t,^^, «,«<.« TV...

OmMiIuI HatchM.

■ MMry 1^1 Ur

ui.nj ujiji BiohHlun. K-ri. joiiiaLl. i'- i-n jh i>' in.t, N/iW i.uri['

UPPnovEO ma speciaiiy ntcoMHEiiDio oy thi

SOCIETY fOS P&OMDTItta LITE IHSUaAII^

ci^En « Y >i E :v.

fuy n leu Ho- Sri WM tin It)- Sup tMwn K>« CJtaaiK

SEE TH E N EW PLANS OF TUB

Provident Savings Life kmmmi lm\

OF vi'v." voinc.

B-

WESTERN UNION BUILDING.

il

li:A>> .1

Vol. XVUl, No. 4.— Whole He^iv. Secbnd Series.— Vol v(Ii, Mo. a.

THE

Congregational QitaiierlyK

Al'klL. 1^76.

^iatiate Atfi/''

hrv. wn.l.nit II M(M>I(t.
HVf. RAf l-ALMER. L.i*,

«l. TAKtCX. M-,

BOSTON:
AMKRICAN CONCREGATIONAt. UNION.

(.■{•.V<;KE{lATtONAl. BOtlSC.

lABLE OF CONTENTS.

"rCLUL B^ f'-rr*. Jim

a, yem n«ve|], CMmb.

■ AT K»w MMnam*. flV-Al«-)Tnnr A-l^

« i»rw* By **« '

Oeon BKyiTui

Q»4«t«KUr RanwOL

|)»— UU«M» Wiii'l^^ £4.— MMnm UunDtL tf*>— >

MMVKM Lf Vittftwttet JLncssai or HiNwrtu

1

VoL XVUI, No. 3-— Whole No. ;i. Semoi Sencn-Vul. VIU, KovJt

THE

\Congregaiional Qnmierly.

jui.y, 1876.

KhV. CHRI9TOPIIER CUSHIKO, u. b.

Ktv. IIKXKV ,\. HA^^CN*. lUv, WlLLtAM H. HCOKB:

¥*ut, HIHAM MKAIJ, au Rn. KAV I'ALMCH. ub

txv. tXCK£A!ie Jf. TAXBDX, u b

BOSTON:

AMERICAN CONGREGATIONAL UNION. ^

8D CONGRECATIONAl, HDU»ll,

1876.

tf : T<n> UuUam « Year {isA ten ^^

Hiii

Congregational Quarterly Advertiser.

NE^V^ BOOK©

AS TO ROGER WILLIAMS,

▲KD HIS

''Banishment^ from the Massachnsetts Plantation;

With • few fbrther words oonoernlng the BAPTISTS, the QUAKSBS, and BSLXaiODS
LIBSBTT. A MONOGRAPH. Bj

HEiVBr MART¥N DEXTER, D. D. $SU».

THE ARABS AND THE TURKS ;

THEIR ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

THEIR RELIGION, THEIR IMPERIAL GREATNESS in the past, end THEIR
CONDITION at thopreeoDt time; with chapters on the NON-OHRISTIAN TRIBES of ^
WESTERN ASIA.

By Bey. EDSOIT L. CIiAHK.

MemJbtT pf Iht American OrietUal Society. $l.iO.

BEING A CHRISTIAN :

WHAT IT MEANS, AND HOW TO BEGIN.

By Rev. WASHINGTON GLADDEN.

Bbht frepaio. m.

Congregational Publishing Society.

M. H. SABGEKTt TreuB.

Congregational Quarterly Advertiser.

HEV m BE&LL7 9Q0D BOOKS.

FOUR 41IRLW AT CHACTAUaOA.

BrPAMBT. PrlM, (1^.

"AfiiKlDUltiBboab. ThaldeaoTlikiDg
Un ■nmmor'i Camp-MMtlnv at ChautBUnn*
ud vuvlng In. wilh aaliuT rapori at tha
dninia and HylDgi aad mutlnEi, tbt •toij
of rwirgtrU who ncnL For fiin.li a nOTtlly.
from U' vtrg advalili/. Tb* dDacrlDlloni of
ounp Iir* uid tbe mnangi ara- rary bL'Utl-

THH COOKIKU CLUB op TC-
WBIT HOLLOfV, B* Blla Fab-
liapopaliiradlloiaf WlDE-Air

TIROUilA. Br W. H. Q. EimmoB.
Prloe, lilt. A ataty of Om Umaa of

"Onaof W. H. Q. SlDgilDn'ab«at woiki."

TbUdtUghiral itory liJuitwbRt wa ihould
•ip«l from the aulliDr of " 8lrtkln( far tha
Bk^I.''tht tl.OWirrlie Bloiy. II hal Ibg
aaina apivkla. wit, and CnibDaii wblah mike
that tha moaL popular Jaraulla book fat

Fir Tmng Utn.
WALT&R1IEAI.>SKXAMPI.E. Bv

„__ .. frlai, fiJj,

aalTeaofthaiaiBaIaeTamlnelban*wboaka,
(■(alela.
I THE BEST B00K8. We mk th« aWan-

BaT. TauoN Biotn.

wrlUn.VErjfUllylUutmad. PcIoall.M.
"A dallRbtfol aod baulirul book,"
FOrOIrt:
XiITTliB MOTHER And Olhrrato.
rica. Bf PliiXBE HcKeeh. Prlea 11 <».
Bilfbt and tnauucun. 30 lUiutrBtloni.

Uwn. D. Lotbrap ft Co. eordlaHy loTlts
Uwlr fHaoda, eof * -" '

Mid Dlbla Waiaht

toD. 'tlMT ofFDr a uvaa, cDoioei ana Tanaa
aioakof BOOKS, BWii, Albnrai, RsuDrd
Oirda, Ploral Chromoa, and Statlonarr, at

aitrainelr low prion. The; bava ■ drpart-
mont iporlally dcToiad to Suadaif Scluml
Bitot:i and taqnialui, with ampla •nppllea,

wIlIbaienlwheDdHlrL-d. CmMotumlm'.
WIDR AWAKE. AalltiHtnlcdlloBlh.

THE BEST SELLinG BOOKS)

Foar antlrely Kaw, htx^, and Beanllfol
FICTURK BOOKS. Obromo board Co*.

an.onlvNBanUaasb. WUl daUsbl tb*

LIlUa PoUu.

Tbeir umu art, Daht and QKAnnrA,
and olberStDrlii, br Pan'T. LrrrLE Min-

aud tdf BrAHi, and atb«r i<loriar, by
Panif. FicrDBU rBOM Bosaf'a Liri, bj

Madams Mob-Cap.

Tony. Merry Mlcoi

Wlnket'i Vttentine.

PAIVSY'S FICrCRB BOOK la now

II la dsHrredl* lb* moat poBoIar GUI-
Book for Ctalldren (Tar publlabcd. Qoaru.
BTlpagca. Price, tl-DO.
PICTCRBV FOR OITR DARI.IItOS.

Tha Larmi' arid Handtomiiat Olft-Book
Ibr Younfrat Kaodar* aiarlaaaad di (l.U.
^VIDE-AWAKE PI.BAKCKK.

BOOK. NawTommafonSra.

■aid. tlM. It liaa no iucaivarii] GDuipailur.
aDKXHIIIEl POH ilAHir-I.ANO. II-

iDmliwud Bowd Oonn. %IM. Clotb,

lUa sbarmlag book.

D. LOTHBOP & CO., Boston, Publishers.

Qmgr^gatianal Qi$arierfy Advertisir.

PUBL|BEBD BT

SCRIBNER. ARMSTRONG & CO.

#

A NSW VOLUMX OV

LANGE'S COMMENTARY,

Dr. PHILIP BCQAFF, Oencna Editor.

XSKKIBI*, TrmwUted. Vnlarged. and Xdltod Hy Patbick PAnoAisir, D,1K, kit PHih

dptl of the Krve Ohnrrh College, Olaeyow. and Kev. William F111DI.AT,

Larkball, Booiland. nidod by Bit. TnoxAM Orbeab, m. a., aad

BOT. StaiOLAtB ICaVSIIV, H.A.

DAVFKU, Tranalated. Enlarged, and Edited by Jamks Stbovo. s.t..»i^ rmftaaai «r (M

Testament Exegaala in Drew Theologleal Semlnaiy, ^mMm^m^^ 21.4.

One TOi. Svo, doth •;. tiiM.

*«* There have hoen Uraa fltr ia»ned of Lange^ OoauMotary nlno toIhww cp tka Oil
TeeUment. The New Teetament la complete in ten Tolnaea. i ntrnilaf ihui
of the work, and fbrtber interesting information, will be aont on applloalloa.

[PvMUML bff arramgmmi wUh flU <Mttor.]
A THIBD 8BBIE8 OT LE0TUBB8 ON

The History of tlie Jei^sh. Olraroli,

FBOlf THE OAPnVTry TO THE OHBIBTIAN ERA.

By A. P. Btahlbt, d. d., D«m of Weefmlnrtar,

IJbmry Edltioa. Qna rol. ito, olotb, with ICapa ••••• iiJNL

JX78T THE BOOKS FOB A BBIEF 00UB8E IN BmOBT.

EPOCHS OF ANCIENT HISTORY.

Uniform with the Beriea •< EP00H8 OF If ODEBN BI8TOBT.*

THE EASLT SOMAV EMFIBE. a now edition of tb;ialilal

From the AMaMlnation of Julias Caear ^*

to the A sitflsiiinatfon of Domltian.
By the Rev. W. Wolpb Capes, m.a., late
Tutor and Fellow of Queen's OoUcge, and
Reader of Ancient Bi*tory in the uuiyer-
•ity of Oxford.
One vol., square 12mo. With two colored
maps. Cloth $1.00.

Authorised Edition, printed flrom doplieate plates of the eonplate English Edition.

Memoir of Norman Macleod, D. D.

BT HIS BROTHER, REV. DONALD MACLEOD, B. A.
With Steel Portrait and Numerous Hlostrationa. Two Tolomos, gvo, eloth • • fUO.

I=»la;to"s IBest Tlioiig-lits

As compiled fhnn ProfMsor Jewett's Translation of the DxAUWUxa of PbATOb

BT REV. C. H. A. BDLKLET.
In one Tolume, crown 8to, cloth . . •

THE 0BEEK8 AID THB PEBSUn*
By the Bev. G. W. Ooz, m. a.

With Maps and Tables. Umo, oloth, #LM.

A NEW AND CHEAPER UNIFORM EDITION OF THE SELBOT WOBKB OF

DB. HORACE BUSHNELL.

Christian Nurture.

One Tol,, 12mo. Cloth • .$1.50.

Sermons for the New Life.

One ToL, ISboBO. Oloth . .Si-JO.

%• The abort books /dt talt by all bookadlers^orwOl bt senC, prepaid^ on roetfyi ^pHe€,kt

SCRIBNER, ARMSTRONG & CO.,

T4S * TM BBOASWAT, SKW TOUL

Congngutional Quarterly AdverHser.

AMERICAN TRACT SOCIETY,

(New England Branch.)

HER IITTLE WORLD.

By Miss Sallib Chbrtbr. A book for
yoang ladies. 19mo. Eight ftiU-pags eats,

A HAPFT BUMMER; or, The
C!hildreB*8 Journey.

By 8. AVKTB Fbost. A splendid gift-
book, UlusUnMed with SUhousUes. 4to.
ISSiMges. 16 cats. $1^.

KAT 8TAHH0PE AKD HER
FRlENOS.

Bt Mrs. M. E. Banoster. For yoang Is-
dles enteriiiK society. 16mo. w2 psges.
«cau. $1^. '

A HIOHT AHD A DAT: wifh

** Apple-Tree Court »' and •« The Worth of
a Baby." Bv Hesba Strbttoit. These
tares stories in onevoloaie, are among ths
most tooehing ever written by this popular
writer. 16aio. 4ouU. Meto.

IITTLE 8T0KIES FOR GOOD
LITTLE FOLKS.

18mo. 48 psges. 24 eats. 80 ets.

EVERT-DA7 UFE.

By Brt. Georob Bvsraso. 9Cmo. 886 p]^
$L out, $1.25.

THE HOME GARDEN: Fresh

Flowsrs; Ps'ling Flowers: Celestial Flow*
ers. By Mrs. M. W. Lawrbxob. A
eompilation of beantifal, short poems about
yoang eblMron, bumorous, natheiio, ete.,
tODchtng all the chords of a Christian
mother's heart. 2taio. 256 psges. $1.
out, $1.25.

TJITDER SHELTER.

By Miss Aii?(ettb L. Noblb. Att sflbet*
IngetoryfromrsalliliB. 16mo. SOSpagos.
6 sats. $1.

Rev. JAS. P. KIMBALL, Seo. R. F. CUMMINGS, Agf.

23 FRAJiKLIN STREET, ROSTOV.

Centennial Beduotion in AdyerUsing.

$3,250.40

Worth of NEWSPABEB AD VEBTISUrG (jftoeH for

S700.

And a THREE MONTHS' NOTE TAKEN in payment flrom AdrerUsef*

of responsibility.

Giving Name, Character, Actaal Pally and Weekly Circalition, and Sched-
ule Rates of Advertising, sent Aree to any address. Apply to

GEO. P. ROWELL ^^ CO.

N e"V7spaper A.dvertising -Agents,
41 PARK ROW, NEW YORK.

CatilgfiigaiiamU Qitariedy AJhtriismr.

PIPE ORGANS.

HUTCEINGS, FLAISTED & CO.

BUILDBSB or

SDPEBIOB

CEDRGH AHD GHAFEL OBftAIS,

Corner of North Grove and Cambridge Streets,

BOSTON, MASS.

Thm •boT* irm n« practleal Orsui BvOdcnt of :
ftemred auwy of tlw wgwt aad finest liMCnBMiits In ^

BpMifleatlons oad rdonncM wiU bo fttrntdwd vpoa apptteatloB.

Cborebos wIiMdc to hm thoir Oriuo lofoleod oad Rpotaod Mogr nol oannd OH* lh»
vtmoot poiM will be taken to produce ae eetlefbctorj n leenH m pwlblo, m «• gHoev
peraonia attention to tbia, ae to ererj olber pen of onr bnalmee

Chapel Orsana eoettof ftom flgOQO to SliMJO conetantlj on band.
~ Oifuia ftir aala. Old InatnoMBia taken In <

AUenHon is solielied to the foiiawiMg exhrads from afewef
the tnoity ieUers received flram^ our pairome :

MaaoB, or Mmamm 4k Hnmll» Or^ptm Cm,

Botmm, October SO, 1174.
ICKaf-m. HrrcnntGs, Plaibtzd k Co.

CTenl/emen,' The Organ pnrchaaed of von for tbe Barrardi Cbnrcha of BrookHne^ baa aov
been oi^ more than a year, and baa Pally realised tbe blgb ezpeetatlODe thai were fdt n*
f arding it at tbe time oi its completion. I have abovn it to manr ninalelana and orgaoiitH
all of whom bare pronounced it an nnoanally floe inatmoMnt. llie aoeietjr nre nntveraallj
aatlsfled. My own opinion ia that it is, all thinga eonaidered, tbe beH organ of H» else I am
aeqoaioted mith. It u rich in tone, powerful, Mnoothfand finely balanced, and
iMdivittuaU^ ^f ckaracttr aa rare in cboreb oigana generally aa it ia deairable.

VenrtnOyyon.^^^

YMA805.

Frona F. H. Uadorwood, of thm SaalUk AnanrlMua Qrswa Co.

BotTOH, Jadinary U, 1171.
Mkmbb. Hotchikos, Plauted h Co.

OenHanemi— It givea me great pleaanre to atate that I have beard fhnn TUteoa ooneta
nnqualined praiee of yonr church organs. I bare beard several of thcin« and am faUj sails*
fled that UiMr mnsical. qualities are anezcelled. The organ in my nattTO town, Xnfleldi
yLMMB^ la one of tbe moat beautiful and perfect instnuneots far Ua sue I bnvo ofcr aeen.

Tours X9TJ truly,

, F. H. UITDSBWOOD.

BoSTOHy Jannaiy ]J» ItTS.
Messbs. HuTcnnras, Plaisted k Co.

GentiemcH,-' It frivc« us great pleasure to e»pieaa to yon our eomplete aatlafbetion with tbe
Organ you I ave l.ullt for the Old Uiuth Chureh. Kone who wer« privileged to be prcarat
at the exhibition given ihis week will be <ll^po•ed to question iu superior c»ellencc. Ws
bellvve yiiU may be Justly pruud of the manufacture, aa ue confess ouril'lvea nratefal for
tbe posseKSion uf nn iiisirumeut whose power and sweetness lit it so eminently lor tbe wei^
fiee of praise In God*s house.

J. B. KIMBALL,
VRBD'K D. ALLB9,
a L. PITKIN,

ifneio

Congregational Quarterly Advertiser.

New England

MUTUAL

LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,

39 STA.TE STREET,

BOSTOJV.

ACCUMULATION, JAN. 1, 1876 . $13,000,000.

Seonrely inveited for the benefit of present and fatnte memben.

^•^

The particular attention of Clbrotmxn la called to the advanta^a of
Inaorlng In a Masaachasetts Company, under the wlae provision of Its
NON-FOKFEITUBE law, by which every policy-holder la entitled to In*
aarance so long as his policy has a cash value.

JOSEPH M. GIBBBNS, BBNJ. F. STEVENSt

Seoretary. Presideiit.

W. W. MOBLAiro, M. D., WALTEB O. WRIGHT,

Medical Bxaminer. Actuary.

Hon. DWIGHT F08TEB,
OounseL

Cm^t^mttiiMMl Qmafttrfy AdotrHstr.

\* ndlslor, lbs Bra cbanlMr. ThI* ohai
■mUl A fbBfwl plprii KaA when t1i« dwnpan at* ctoa*4 no b«U cu cwim ex
tt»m. Hud Uiw »n h« eontroitod iind JlmlnlihaJ »tpliiniuu by tb* r««nlaiiir.

Tba aah-fluc, whish coddi-cu tb* Mh-boi wllh Ui* fln-boi, auilaa avmr all fljlat ■•
irb*Dtba|tT«ial")»kBn or (iHUbrn lifted. iibtchl*doB*lBib*(ani)iea;iindal>a ^ja*
of ■ ptrfoniAl rlldr, whtrbooTcn 1u apenlna telo tb* On-bnr, uppUaa botilito all
wilb Mid prrrccl Ihg combnatlan or tha iraHi.

Tb*«apjnLlniianKi»rinsntli pcrfcci.md tmputo Is tba alr.ai
d*tmof moln'ora of ont-door »lr «t • urn* ■*■ — • — — •-—

■ more perfect eonbMllon of llw ffara.

FFther with tb* pTailB% sf ndiiHog nrfkcw ki

panlnUn:

fl.) Tl

'"-I T

(■^1 Thai fiir tbeee rcuona. tearther with tb* pTailB% sf ndiiHog nrfkc** to tb>
fir*,lbalbnnofopenlnp thronth which Ihabeu la skTrled. and Ih* abeeka aod abuna gf
diTcetloB lo which II la aublrei, Uie radlmUon In prDpanloD ta tbe iDrftea li nen Bowtrfal.

(4.) ThUilUmt- .-. -._...--^- ... ..-^ i_. » V

dneln tobealth M

) Thitourl'orWblaFun

(ID.) Ilial II la mare euflf nasu'd.

Onr fiimiioa hoa demoi.nrmlad and a>tab1labed (•

■M. We have Ht OT*r fuor huodicd, and In na eaw

bnlldlni, to folIU en" MnnBanl.tlnn TnaJ.ln l» <n

pnnbiarr. Wain

jkeol troBtkaaa

iDranlflrlatbMt.

.... ,.-. Ibutad and carried Ion|at dlalBBaea.
nd iha flra rao b* kmt (bton>b iba aaaaoa.
double eaawl, iDiwr caM of Ob aod onlarofcd-

thim K to the bona* or oaUar.

hlled II

'ton alTwbo wolf d^biTiii

■aanta, and aball ba bappr to bMid 01 MDd «BT book of tMHsoMala M VplkMla* tt

Congregational Quarterly Advertiser. 9

4^ '* StitiM to h€ more than ever e$UUted to the eot^dence and rmnembranee <^ tkt
Churihet J* —The CongregalionoUat.

4^ *' It givee u$ pleaeure to eecond tke appeal made in hehdifcfiMi Society/* — The
Christian Mirror.

4^ '* ThU Society U carried on upon tJie moat eoonomicdl baHt pMtiMe." — The
Advance.

The American Tract Society

(Instituted in Boston in 1S14L)

Raapeetfolly and aarneatly requMU Um obanbM to talw eoUeotioiia for its work.

THE NEW PLAN OF OPERATION

Has proved lucoeMfal, and the Sodety Ibala better able than e?er belbre to oany on ita yreat

work of ereatlof and dlatrlbotlny

An Evangelioal Literature.

4^ An examination of the Treaaorer^ Report ahowa that the Bodelj spent In ita
legitimate work last year sereimi hnndred dollam More tkam the mtUre awnmni received in
donatione and legaciet.

This resolt was reaohed by the practice of an enlightened eeonomy whleh the Boeiety's
present mode of operation renders possible. It is the purpose of the Oomn&ittoe to oontinue
this course, with the hope of thas oommendlng the Society to its old flrlonds Mid of doing an
Increasingly important work tit the Haater.

OATAUMlDBa OF THE

Revival Tracts,

Sunday Schoo and Family Periodicals,

and Religious Books,

will be sent to any addreaa on application.

4^ Church eoUectione are e»peciaUy deHrabUt and the Society appeals to its firiends to
send io their donations as promptly and as liberally as possible. The Society is straitened
for money to supply the increasing demand upon it for tracts and other publications. It
distributes as extensively aa the atate of the treasury permits, but it cannot go far beyond
the liberality of iu friends.

BXSCUTIVB OOMMITTBB.

W. 0. CHAPnr, Chairman, W. H. Wabdwkll.

Ber. Okorqs B. Leatitt. Framklui W. Smith.

BUHBXA Stuxoib, Jr.

4^ F^nde ehould be fsnf , by draft or money-order, to the order cf

ARTHUR OILMAN, Treasurer,

(Box 911) BOSTOBT, MASS.
Ofleo, SSI WaahlAfftoA Streot and 10 Broaaflold Suroet.

Congregational Quarterly Advmfiser,

McShane Bell Foundry,

HENRY McSHANE k CO, Froprieton,
BALTIMORE, MD.

COSTINUK TO MASUFACTURB THOSE CELEBRATED

CHURCH, ACADEMY, CHIME, COURT HOUSE

BELLS,

OF BENDINE BELL METAL (OOPPPEE ASD TIB),
Patent Rotary Mountings, the Best Ever Invented,

BALTIMORE, MD.

p

JAMES R. OSGOOD & CO.'S NEW BOOKS.

1 OcDlsBnisI PDBh.

u-c I'nlnna «*h il

'.t#-'s;k

1 tvMljN of frtaa, trj Ita pok

i